1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 877 PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS H. R. 1802. A bill for the relief of the Stiers ACTING PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE Bros. Construction Co.; to the Committee on Under clause 1 of rule. XXII, private the Judiciary. Under the designation made by the bills and resolutions were introduced and President pro tempore on Wednesday, severally referred as follows: February 5, 1947, Mr. KNOWLAND took PETITIONS, ETC. By Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN: the chair as Acting President pro H. R. 1779. A bill for the relief of the Wi Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions tempore. nona Machine & Foundry Co., a corporation, and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk THE JOURNAL of Winona, Minn.; to the Committee on the and referred as follows: Judiciary. · On request of Mr. WHITE, and by H. R. 1780. A bill for the relief of the Can 81. By Mr. CHIPERFIELD: Petition of citi unanimous consent, the reading of the non Valley Milling Co.; to the Committee on zens of Quincy, Ill., urging tax-exemption Journal of the proceedings of Wednes the Judiciary. · base be set at $2,000; to the Committee on day, February 5, 1947, was dispensed By Mr. BLAND: Ways and Means. with and the Journal was approved. . H. R. 1781. A bill for the relief ~ Annie L. 82. By Mr. HEFFERNAN: Petition of Mor Taylor and William Benjamin Taylor; to the ris Park Council, No. 566, Knights of Colum MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT Committee on the Judiciary. bus, Richmond Hill, N. Y., in protest of trial proceedings in Yugoslavia of Archbishop Messages in writing from the President By Mr. COURTNEY: of the United States were communicated H. R. 1'782. A bill for the relief of' Albert Aloysius Stepinac, other clergy, and their (Jack) Norman; to the Committee on the associates; to the Committee on Foreign to the Senate by Mr. Miller, one of his Judiciary. Affairs. · secretaries. By Mr. New York State Hairdressers and the President, in which it requested the State of Montana to Stanley Rensvold; to the Cosmetologists Association, Inc., New York concurrence of the Senate. Committee on Public Lands. City, favoring immediate repeal of the re LEAVES OF ABSENCE By Mr. DORN: tailer's excise tax; to the Committee on H. R. 17~6 . A bill for the relief of Jesse A. Ways and Means. Mr. JENNER. Mr. President, t ask Lott; to the Committ ee on the Judiciary. 86. By Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin: Resolu unanimous consent to be absent from the By Mr. FEIGHAN: tion adopted by the American Association of Senate on Monday ·and Tuesday of next H. R. 1787. A bill for t h e relief of Mrs. Alice Stat!'! Highway Officials at annual meeting week because of a death in my family. Dalton; to the Committee on Veterans' held in Los Angeles in December, calling for The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem Affairs. extension of time for availability of funds H . R. 1788. A bill for the relief of the estate under .Federal-Aid Act of 1944; to the Com pore. Without objection, the request of of John F. Hopperton, a minor, deceased; to m ittee on Appropriations. the Senator from Indiana is granted. the Committee on the Judiciary. 87. By the SPEAKER: Petition of Francis Mr. CAIN. Mr. President, I ask to be By Mr. HENDRICKS: J. Reuter, petitioning consideration of his absent from the Senate on Monday next. H. R. 1789. A bill for the relief of Buster resolution with reference to the case · of Air The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem Gray; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Corps against Francis J. Reuter; ,to the Com pore. Without objection, the request of By Mr. HINSHAW: mittee on the Judiciary. H. R. 1790. A bill for the relief of the estate 88. Also, petition of the Northwest Public the Senator from Washington is granted. of William Walter See; to the Committee on Power Association, petitioning consideration Mr. ROBERTSON of Wyoming. Mr. the Judiciary. of their resolution with referencf' to the Mc President, I ask unanimous consent to be By Mr. JACKSON of California: Nary Dam site on the Columbia River and absent from the Senate from the lOth to H. R. 1791. A bill for the relief of Dr. Theo the transmission lines of the Bonneville the 20th of this month. dore A. Geissman; to the Committee on the Power Administration; to the Committee on The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem Judiciary. Public Works. By Mr. KEARNEY: pore. Without objection, the request of H. R. 1792. A bill for the relief of Erich the Senator from Wyoming is granted. Ernst Plohs; to the Committee on the Judi Mr. COOPER. Mr. President, I ask ciary. unanimous consent to be absent from By Mr. LANE: SENATE · the Senate next Monday and Tuesday. . H. R. 1793. A bill for the relief of Vincent The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem or Vincenzo Tripoli; to the Committee on the FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 7, 1947 Judiciary. pore. Without objection, the request of H. R. 1794. A bill for the relief of John P. The Chaplain, Rev. Peter Marshall, the Senator from Kentucky is granted. Reilly; to the Committee on the Judiciary. D. D., cffered the following prayer: EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. By Mr. LUCAS: Forgive us, 0 God, for all our boasting H. R. 1795. A bill for the relief of D. c. Hall The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem Motor Transportation; to the Committee on and our presumptuous sins of pride and pore laid before the Senate the following the Judiciary. arrogance, for these are days that letters, which were referred as indi By Mr. LYNCH: humble us. cated: H. R. 1796. A bill for the relief of George By Thy grace, we become more and SUSPENSION OF DEPORTATION OF ALIENS Dimitri Harocopos, also known as Georgios more aware of our limitations and our Demetriou Harokopos or Charokopos; to the weaknesses. A letter from the Attorney General, trans Committee on the· Judiciary. mitting, pursuant to law, a report reciting By Mr. MARCANTONIO: Let us not mistake humility for an in: the facts and pertinent provisions of law in H. R.l797. A bill for the relief of Giovanni feriority complex, but help us to under the cases of 215 individuals whose deporta Foti; to the Committee on the Judiciary. stand that with the proud and the self tion has been suspended for more than 6 By Mr. MILLER of Connecticut: sufficient Thou canst do nothing until months by the Commissioner of Immigration H. R. 1798. A bill for the relief of Anthony Thou hast brought them to their knees. and Naturalization Service under the au Satas; to the Committee on the Judiciary. We need Thy help, our Father, and we thority vested in the Attorney General, to By Mr. PETERSON: gether with a statement of the reason for seek it humbly. We want to do right, such suspension (with an accompanying H. R. 1799. A bill for the relief of Eva L. and to be right; so start us in the right Dudley; to the Committee on the Judiciary. report); to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. PLOESER: way, for Thou knowest that we are very REPORT ON AUDIT OF GORGAS MEMORIAL H. R. 1800. A bill for the relief of David hard to turn. Shed forth Thy grace upon LABORATORY , Hickey Post, No. 235, of the American Legion; us, 0 Lord, that each man here may say, A letter from the Comptroller General of to the Committee on the Judiciary. "I can do all things through Christ which the United States, transmitting, pursuant to H. R. 1801. A bill for the relief of Mose Alt strengtheneth me." We ask it in His law, a report on the audit of the Gorgas Me man; to the Committee on the Judiciary. name. Amen. ' morial Laboratory of the Gorgas Memorial 878 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 7 Institute of Tropical and Pr·eventive Medi of sugar is now being diverted from American cessor to the Combined Food Board, antici cine, Inc., for the fiscal year ended June 30, sources for consumption by people abroad. pates the continuance of a serious sugar 1946 (with an accompanying report); to the The continuing shortage of sugar is a matter shortage until 1947 crops are harvested, and Committee on Expenditures in the Execu of deep concern to the American people. It expects to recommend allocat ions of sugar tive Departments. is imperative that vigorous and fruitful at through the calendar year 1947. SEMIANNUAL REPORT OF TilE -DISTRICT ADMIN tempts be made to insure an increased supply You speal{, in your lettter, of an antici ISTRATOR OF RENT CONTROL of sugar for the people of this country during pated increase of approximately 1,600,000 tons this coming year. in the sugar production of the British Em A letter from the President of the Board I am advised that there will be a substan pire and tl1.'ose countries of continental Eu of Commissioners of the District of Colum rope which received sugar allocations in 1946. bia, transmitting, pursuant to law, the semi tial increase in sugar production in those countries of · continental Europe which in Estimates of 1946-47 production published in annual report of the Administrator of Rent the Department of Agriculture's December 16 Control covering the period July 1, 1946, to 1946 were included in the Combined Food December 31, 1946 (with accompanying · Board's international sugar allocation pro issue of Foreign Crops and Markets indicate papers); to the Committee on th.e District gram. According to the figures which I have an increase of only 907,000 tons for these of Columbia. seen, there will be approximately 1,600,000 countries, •s shown in the following tabula tons more sugar crops produced in those tion: REPORT OF UNITED STATES EMPLOYEES' countries and in the British Commonwealth COMPENSATION COMMISSION than was the case during the past year. Estimated production of sugar A letter from the Director of the Federal - Inasmuch as this substantial increase of [Thousand ton&! Security Agency, transmitting, pursuant to over 60 percent will become available in law, the final report of the United States 1947 to these European countries and to 1945-4.6 1940-4-7 Incrcas(', Employees' Compensation Commission for Canada, it appear_ obvious that these coun the fiscal year ended June 30, 1946 (with an tries will receive a fair share of t:1.e total United Kingdom ______· ___ _ 630 641 accompanying report); to the Committee on 1947 world supply without requiring as much Canada ______85 90 Labor and Public Welfare. cugar from Cuba or the United States as they 508 735 received in 1946. Under these circumstances 154 220 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT ON CONTRACTS ENTERED ~~~~~';n--~~======Netherlands ______. ____ _ 66 231 INTO BY UNITED STATES MARITIME COM the retention of the contemplated increase Yugoslavia ______38 75 MISSION of 1,400,000 tons of United States produced Italy __ ------______21 293 20 50 A letter from the Chairman of the United sugar in 1947 will help considerably in easing the present sugar shortage and should in t~f£~~~iaiiiL ::::======I ; 31 27 States Maritime Commission, transmitting, Finland_------6 6 pursuant to law, a supplemental report on sure a more liberal distribution of sugar to contracts entered into by that Commission the American household as well as to manu TotaL______1, 559 2,368 809 facturing and institutional users. for the period beginning April 1, 1945, and British West Indies______701 72-5 ------ended June 30, 1945 (with an accompanying In view of the fact that a possible solution Australia and Fiji______778 757 ______: report); to the Committee on Interstate and of the ·sugar shortage problem rests in our Mauritius______145 300 ------economic relationships with foreign natitms, South Africa______553 480 ----~---- Foreign Commerce. ---~--- I would appreciate your considered views as TotaL______2,177 2, 262 85 INCREASE OF SUGAR SUPPLY FOR to the present advisability of retaining === DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION i~merican . produced sugar for the American French West Indies ______66 69 ------consumers. Reunion______25 35 ______Mr. LODGE. Mr. President, for the Very sincerely yours, TotaL ______91 104 13 past month I have been trying to find H. C. LoDGE, Jr. some way whereby more sugar could be Grand totaL______3, 827 4, 734 907 made available to the American people DEPARTMENT OF STATE, without running counter to our interna Washington, January 30, 1947. For Europe as a whole, sugar production in tional obligations and interests. On MY DEAR SENATOR LODGE: Your letter ot 1946-47 is estimated at 7,400,000 tons, com. January 10, I addressed a letter to Hon. January 10 requests my views regarding the pared with a wartime low of 5,500,000 tons in William L. Clayton, Under Secretary of retention of all American produced sugar 1945-46. This is still 3,000,000 tons below State for Economic Affairs, in which I in 1947 to meet American requirements. I the 1935-39 average of 10,400,000 tons, and cited certain figures which indicated the infer, from your mention of a contemplated much of the anticipated increase will be in increase of 1,400,000 tons in United States countries where consumption has been at possibility that more sugar might be production, that you include the Cuban crop available in the coming year. I have re such extremely low levels since the war that in your calculation of domestic production. none will be available for export. Italian cently received ·a reply to my letter. In It is my understanding that 1947 production production, for example, shows an increase his reply, Mr. Clayton points out that the ·in the continental United States is not ex of 275,000 tons, but since Italy was allocated prospects are for an increase in the sugar pected to exceed 1946 production by more only enough sugar in 1946 to permit a con crop in the coming year. · than 400,000 tons, and that the 1947 crop sumption of 14 pounds per capita, or 41 per-: This increase, in his own words, "would in Hawaii and Puerto Rico will not be more · cent of prewar usage, all of this year's pro than 200,000 tons larger than that of last duction increase will be required to bring give the United States in the neighbor year. No official estimate of the Cuban crop hood of 90 pounds of sugar, raw value, Italian consumption into line with that of has yet been issued, but if it should reach · other producing countries. Approximately per capita, or approximately 87 percent 5,500,000 tons, as estimated by the trade, it half of the expected increase will occur il1 of its normal prewar usage." I may point would be approximately a million tons larger countries such as Russia, Germany, Spain, out, Mr. President, that for the year 1946 than last year. Hungary, and Poland, which have received the United States had in the neighbor The Commodity Credit Corporation has no allocations from the IEFC, or only such hood of 78 pounds of sugar, raw value, contracted with the Cuban Sugar Institute small quantities as were allocated to the per capita. In other words, there is ·a for most of Cuba's .exportable surplus of sugar United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation over the past 5 years, and the present con Administration. The quantity of sugar possibility that there will be an increase tract extends through 1947. However, this of 12 pounds. available to importing countries is, there Government has never.claimed the whole of fore, still far below requirements. If the I ask unanimous consent that my letter the Cuban- crop for its exclusive use. When United States were to talce for domestic con to Mr. Clayton and his reply to me be quotas imposed under our Sugar Act are in sumption all of Cuba's exportable surplus, printed in the RECORD at this point as a effect, Cuba il? permitted to supply only 28.6 it would give this country approximately part of my remarks. percent of United States consumption. DUl~ 8,100,000 tons of sugar, assuming a crop There being no objection, the corre ing the 5 years just prior to the outbreak of 5,500,000 tons in Cuba, 1,960,000 tons spondence was ordered to be printed in of war, 1935-39, Cuba's exports to the United of which would come from domestic produc States averaged 1,900,000 short tons, or tion, 1,694,000 from the island territories, and the RECORD, as follows: 65 percent of Cuba's total exports of sugar. 4,455,000 from Cuba. This would be 120 per UNITED STATES SENATE, During the war years, largely because of a cent of our average prewar consumption. COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS, shortage of shipping, sugar which would nor Supplies available to the other importing January 10, 1947. mally have moved to European markets came countries of the IEFC would amount to only Han. WILLIAM L. CLAYTON, to this country, and replaced to a large ex about 3,800,000 tons, or 57 percent of their Assistant Secretary of State tent the sugar which had formerly been prewar consumption of 6,600,000 tons. I do for Economic Affairs, . supplied by the Philippines. Throughout not believe that-such a distribution would State Department, the war, sugar supplies available to the Al be regarded as equitable by other member;;; Washington, D. C. lied Governments were shared under alloca of the International Emergency Food Council. DEAR MR. CLAYTON: I have received a great tion recommendations of the Combined Food I · should like to ·make clear .that we put- many communications from constituents. Board, and with the continuance of the sugar chased the Cuban crop not only on our own who, while favoz:ing the relief of human suf shortage into the postwar period, it has been behalf but on behalf of other members of fering and want in the world, nevertheless necessary to continue to allocate. sugar. The the United Nations. The Cuban crop repre feel very strongLy that an excessive· amount International Emergency ·Food Council, sue- sents a -major portion. of the world's supply 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~SENATE 879 .of exportable sugar. Other deficit countries of the integrity of the individual; and that (Senator McMAHON, Democrat, of Connect stayed out .of the Cuban market on t he un all government and all private institutions icut. Mr. Lilienthal, I want to congratulate derstanding that all sugar procured in Cuba must be designed to promote and to protect you on that statement as a statement of, in under our exclusive purchase contract would and defend the integrity and the dignity of my opinion, a very real American.) be subject to allocation by the IEFC. While the individual; that ·t h at is the essential Mr. Lilienthal later: There are always witch there is no doubt that the United States has meaning of the Constitution and the Bill of hun ters and people who will gladly defame a legal claim to all of the sugar which it pur Right s, as it is essentially the meaning of and assassinate the character of others with chases, a decision to reserve the full quantity, religion. out responsibilit y. That is why we have _a or even a disproportionately large share, for BASIC UNIT OF COMMUNISM syst em of law. And that is why we have domestic consumption would be regarded by cou rts, and that is why we have rules of evi other importing countries as a breach of good Any form of the government, therefore, dence. I Will be very glad to be lynched if, faith on t he part of this Government. and any other institutions which m ake men in the process of that lynching, this lesson If the Cuban crop reaches 5,500,000 tons, means rather than ends; which exalt the about what our history means is learned, and state or any other institutions above the im th~ exportable surplus will be about 4,500,000 -what the history of the common law means tons, of which we might reasonably expect portance of men, which place arbit rary power in the terms of protection of the individual to retain two-thirds. This would give the over men as a fundamental tenet of govern citizen against irresponsible charges of witch United States in the neighborhood of 90 ment or any other institutions, are contrary hunt ers. pounds of sugar, raw value, per capita, or to that conception, anq therefore I am deeply approximately 87 percent of its normal pre opposed to them. PERSONAL STATEMENT war usage, and at the same time permit most The communistic .philosophy as well as the Mr. IDCKENLOOPER. Mr. President, of the countries of continental Europe to communistic form of government fall within at the session of the Senate on last raise their consumption to about 70 percent this category, for their fundamental tenet Wednesday, the senior Senator from of_ their low prewar levels. Such a division is quite to the contrary. The fundamental would correspond roughly to the ·prewar dis,. tenet of coMmunism is that the state is an Florida [Mr. PEPPER], according to the tribution of the Cuban crop between the end in itself and that, therefore, the powers RECORD, made this statement: United States and other foreign countries, which the state exercise over the individual During the past week, Republican Senators and although it would permit a considerably are without any ethical standard to limit HICKENLOOPER, KNOWLAND, . and VANDENBERG higher consumption rate here than in most them. insisted, in hearings on the confirmation of other importing countries, I believe that it That I deeply disbelieve. the Atomic Energy Commissioners, that the m ight be acceptable to other members of the It is very easy simply to say one is not a military be allowed to sit in on every session IEFC. . Communist. And, of course, if my record re of the Commission in such a way that it If stocks which have been reported to exist quires me to state that very affirmatively, would virtually become an integral part of in Java should become available for anoca then it is a great disappoint ment to me. It the Commission. Their insistence suggests tion this year the quantities allocated to is very easy to talk about being against com the reversal of the decision duly m ade by the European claimants out of Cuba could be re munism. It is equally important to believe President and the Congress that, true to the placed by Javanese sugar, and the allocation those things which provide a satisfying and traditions of our Government, the civil au.:. to the United States proportionately in effective alternative. Democracy is that sat thority shall always be superior to the mil creased. I do not think we should assume isfying affirmative alternative. itary. at this time, however, that any large propor Its hope in the world is that it is an affirm tion of the requirements of foreign claim ative belief, rather than being simply a belief Mr. President, I do not speak in behalf ants can be met from this source. against something else and nothing more. of the other two Senators, who are per Sincerely yours, One of the tenets of democracy that grow fectly able to speak for themselves, but, w. L. CLAYTON, out of this central core of a belief that the in the interer.t of accuracy I may say that Under Secretary for Economic Affairs. individual comes first, that all men are the that statement with regard to me has no MR. LILIENTHAL'S CREED OF DEMOCRACY children of God, and their personalities are foundation in fact, and the record does therefore sacred, carries with it a great belief not bear it out in any scintilla. Mr. MORSE. Mr. Preside~t. a few in civil liberties and their protection, and a days ago in a hearing before the appro repugnance to anyone who would steal from I may also say that it is my definite· im priate Senate committee, Mr. David E. a human being that which is most precious pression that neither the Senator from Lilienthal uttered certain words which, in to him-his good name--either by impugn California [Mr. KNOWLANDJ who was my estimation, should and will become ing things to him by innuendo or by insinu mentioned in the statement, nor the Sen immorta1 in American literature. I ask ations. And it is especially an unhappy cir ator from Michigan [Mr. VANDENBERG], cumstance that occasionally that is done in who was likewise mentioned, gave any unanimous consent to have published in the name of democracy. This I think can the body of the RECORD a portion of his such final implication in their qttestion: tear our country apart and destroy it if we ing or in their attitude. testimony as printed in the Washington carry it further. Star of night before last in which he I deeply believe in the capacity of democ I may say further that I have always discusses his conceptions and under racy to surmount any trials that may lie supported the civilian control of atomic standings of the relationship between ahead, provided only we practice it in our energy. I shall continue to support the democracy and the individual. I would daily lives. And among the things we must civilian control of atomic energy. I make that every school child in America might practice is that while we seek fervently to fer this statement in the interest of accuracy ret out the subversive and antidemocratic and truth. study that great statement even as the forces in the country, we do not at the same Gettysburg Address is studied. time, by hysteria, by resort to innuendo, and ORDER OF BUSINESS There being no objection, the state smears, and other unfortunate tactics, be Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, a par ment was ordered to be printed in the smirch the very cause that we believe in, and liamentary inquiry. RECORD, as follows: cause a separation among our people, cause one group and one individual to hate another The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem LILIENTHAL STATES HIS CREED AS A DEMOCRATIC pore. The Senator will state it. AMERICAN . based on mere attacks, mere unsubstantiated attacks upon their loyalty. Mr. BARKLEY. Are we still in the (David E. Lilienthal, nominated to be Chair m an of this country's Atomic Energy Com I want also to add that part of my convic morning hour? mission, yesterday gave the Sen ate Atomic tion is based on my training as an Anglo The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem American common lawyer. It is the very pore. The Senate is still proceeding in Energy Committee his views of democracy in basis and the great P,eritage of the English a fervent statement in which he also made peoples to this country which we have main the morning hour. an unequivocal denunciation of communism: t ained, that the strictest rules of credibility Mr. BARKLEY. I call for the regular Following is the transcript of that portion order. of his testimony which replies to a question of witnesses and of the avoidance of hearsay of Senator McKELLAR, Democrat, of Tennes and gossip shall be excluded in courts of The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem see: "What about your views on communistic justice. pore._ The regular order was called for. doctrine?") And that, too, is an essential of our democ The presentation of petitions and me This I do carry in my head, Senator. I will racy. And whether by administrative agen morials is in order. cies acting arbitrarily against business or , do my best to make it clear. My convictions PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS are not so much concerned with what I am ganizations, or whether by investigating ac against as what I am for; and that excludes tivities of the legislative branches, whenever Petitions, etc., were laid before the a lot of things automatically. those principles of the protection of an indi Senate, or presented, and referred as in Traditionally, democracy has been an af v1dual and his good name against besmirch dicated: firmative doctrine rather than merely a nega ment by gossip, hearsay, and the statements tive one. of witnesses who are not subject to cross- · By the ACTING PRESIDENT pro tern I believe--and I so conceive the Constitu examination, then, too, we have failed in pore: · tion of the United States to rest upon-as carrying forward .our ideals in respect to de A resolution adopted by the City Council· does religion-the fundamental proposition mocracy. Th!'tt I deeply believe. of the City of Cambridge, Mass., relating to -880 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 7
. development and control of atomic energy; Resolved, That a copy of this resolution be REDUCTION OF FEDERAL EXPENDITURES . to the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy. -sent by the secretary of state to each of the AND TAXES . By Mr. WHITE: · Representatives in the Congress of the United Petitions of sundry citizens of the State States from the State of Illinois, and to each Mr: CAPPER. Mr. President, I ask .of New York, praying for the enactment of of the United States Senators from IllinoiS, unanimous consent to have printed in legislation to prohibit any increases in ren-t and to the President of the United States. the RECORD a letter I have received from ceilings; to the Committee on Banking and Adopted by the senate, January 13, 1947. Mr. and Mrs. Edward N. Harsha, of To . . Currency. HUGH W. CROSS, .peka, urging the elimination of unneces . By Mr. LANGER: President of the Senate. sary employees and reduction of super- A resolution adopted by the Indian Hill Lo EDWARD H. ALEXANDER, fluous expenditures. I am receiving - cal of the McKenzie County (N.Dak.) Farm Secretary of the Senate. many letters like this. ers' Union, relating to the Rural Electrifica Concurred in by the house of representa tion Administration; to the Committee on tives, January 28, 1947. There oeing no objection, the letter was Agriculture and Forestry. . HUGH GREEN, ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as By Mr. McMAHON: Speaker of the House of Representatives. follows: A resolution adopted by the Council of the FRED W. RUEGG, TOPEKA, KANS., Febru(Lry 1, 1947. American Library Association, in conference Clerk of the House of 'Representatives. Hon·. ARTH~ CAPPE~, . assembled at Chicago, Ill., relating to the United States Senator, · development and control of atomic energy; .SCHICK GENERAL HOSPITAL, CLINTON, to the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy. Washington, D. C. lOW~ DEAR MR. CAPPER: According to newspaper REMOVAL OF CONTROLS ON SUGAR Mr. BROOKS. Mr: ·President, I pre and radio reports there seems to-be-a decided weakening of the Republican position in re Mr. BROOKS. Mr ~ President, I pre sent for appropriate reference and to have printed in the RECORD House Reso gard to elimination of unnecessary employees sent for appropriate reference and to and reduction of the superfluous expenses in have printed in the RE;CORD, Senate Joint lution No. · 23, adopted by the House of order that a real saving may be made in our Resolution No.4 adopted by the General _Representatives of the General Assembly Government expenditures. We hope that you Assembly · of t:tie State of Illinois relat of the State of Illinois, relating to the will use your good offices in securing real .'ing to the removal of all controls on restoration of Schick General Hospital, economy in out spending to the end of re sugar used for home consumption and Clinton, Iowa;· ·as ·a medical institution ducing our terrific national debt and reduce for industrial purposes. -dev'oted to assistance of the Nation's war our taxes at least 20 percent, as promised in veterans. .the rece_pt election. Of course, we take it for There being no objection, the ·resolu .granted that .tp.e .Congress will balance the tion was referred to the' Committee on There being_ no objection, the resolu budget, as it is our faith in the Republican Banking and Currency, and·, under the tion was referred to the Committee on Party to accomplish both economy and .rule, ordered to be printed in the RECORD; Labor and Public Welfare, and, under the _financial stability .. as follows: · rule, ordered to be printed in the RECORD, Sincerely- yours, Senate Joint Resolution 4 as follows: Mr. and Mrs. E. N. HARSHA. Whereas the housewives of Amer-ica have · House Resolution 23 REPqRTS OF -COMMITTEE ON FINANCE patiently and patrioticaily exer.cised during .Whereas numerous war veterans l'esiding Mr. WHITE. Mr. President, a-t the in the period of hostilitieS arid for more than a in e'astern Iowa and western Illinois are year since the cessation o! hostilities, the urgently in need of hospitalization; and stance of the Senator from Colorado ·strictest economy in the use and consump ' Whereas the facilities of the hospitals [Mr. MILLIKIN], chairman of the Com tion of sugar as a part of their contribution which the Veterans' Administration now mittee on Finance, and in his name, I re to the war effort; and · maintains at Hines, Ill., and Des Moines, port favorably without amendment ·the Whereas sugar is indispensable .for a well Iowa, are barely able to take care of appli following bills: balanced American diet, and housewives can cants from the Chicago and Des Moines areas; and · S. 132. A bill to relieve collectC'rs of cus not prepare satisfactory meals without an toms of liability for failure to collect cer 'adequate supply of sugar; and ·-whereas there now exists in . the city of ' Whereas the waste resulting from the lack tain 3pecial tonnage duties and light money, 9linton, Iowa, a group of buildings whic.h and for other purposes (Rept. No. 20); 'of sufficient means of preserving foodstuffs ~uring the war .. wer-e used as Schick General through the scarcity of canning sugar can no Hospital; and H. R. 1030. A bill to continue in effect cer longer be justified, since this Nation has not tain war excise-tax rates, and for other pur Whereas these buildings are admirably poses (Rept. No. 21); and ~een at war for the past 18 months; and equipped to hous-e a modern veterans' hos WhereAS Illinois, in common with other pital; and H. R. 1353. A bill to amend the National great agricultural States, . produces many Service Life Insurance Act of 1940, as amend Whereas the United States Veterans' Ad ed (Rept. No. 22). crops which require sugar for preservation, ministration has been deaf to the plea that such as fruits, berries, and vegetables; and Schick General Hospital be reconverted into , ·-The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem Whereas in the past year losses in these a veterans' hospital and has persisted in its pore. The reports will be received, and products, because of the limited sugar avail policy of building new hospitals in localities able, have been estimated at several millions where the need is not nearly so great; and the bills will be placed on the calendar. of dollars; and . Whereas the Veterans' Administration has REPORT ON INVESTIGATION OF INTER- Whereas the absence of sugar for canning advanced no sound reasons for its failure to NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS BY WIRE ·purposes has caused thousands of tons o:f remedy this unfortunate situation: There:. AND RADIO (S. REPT. NO. 19) fruit to spoil, thereby depriving American fore be it families of a much-needed food, and has ResoL1Jed, by the House of Representatives Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President on paused hardships and financial losses in of the Sixty-fifth General Assembly of the behalf of the Committee on Interstate many farming and canning communities; and Foreign Commerce, I ha-ve today and · State of Illinois; That we urge the Congress Whereas labor in the food-processing in of the United States to take such immediate filed a report on the investigation of dustry has been without work because of the action as will cause the Vetera-ns' Adminis international communications by wire tration to !'everse its present position and and radio. In compliance with the Re sugar shortage; and that will insure the prompt restoration of Whereas in 1946 the sugar under the direct organization Act, which contemplates the control_ of the United States increased by Schick General Hospital as a medical institu cessation of special committees, the re more than one-half million tons and no por tion devoted to assistance· of the Nation's port officially winds up the work of a tion of this increase was made available to war veterans; and be it further Resolved, That copies of this resolution be special subcommittee authorized by the the American people: Now, therefore, be it Senate 3 years ago. The study of inter ResolVed by the Senate of the Sixty-fifth . prepared and forwarded by the secretary of General Assembly of the State of Illinois, state to the President of the United States, national communications, however, will (the House of Representatives concurring Gen. Omar Bradley, the Honorable ScoTT continue by the new Committee on In herein) , That the Congress of the United LUCAS, the Honorable C. WAYLAND BROOKS, terstate and Foreign Commerce as one States of America is hereby requested to and to the 26 Representatives of the State of of its multiple functions. provide by law for an immediate decontrol Illinois in the Eightieth Congress of the The report makes several points and of sugar for home consumption, and for in United States. recommendations which I desire briefly dustrial use; and be it further Adopted by the house of representatives•• to call to the attention of the Senate. · Resolved, That the Congress is req~ested to January 28, 1947. remove all control from the production, proc HUGH GREEN, In the first place, it recommends that essing, distribution, rationing, sale, and im Speaker of the House. legislation be enacted either removing portation of sugar without further delay; and FRED W. RUEGG, the present requirement that the West be it further CLerk of the House. ern Union Co. dispose of its cables or 1947 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 881 provide for permissive consolidation of land-gmnt rate for the railroads, and: that some members of the subcommittee had international communication companies, several yea-rs ago the committee recom made on-the-spot su_rveys of military and so that the Western Union cables may mended that ·the differential which af nonmilitary communications in Europe, the Near East, and northern Africa, and recom be taken over by such a consolidation. fects the Western Union Co. be removed. mended the adoption .by the Government, I should like to explain to the Senate The legislation which permitted the do acting through the State Department, of a that when the Congress enacted the mestic merger provided for the removaf comprehensive, over-all Government com legislation under which tbe Postal Tele of the special nite for Government, but munications policy as a necessary prerequi graph Co. and the Western Union Tele- · the provision w:as eliminated in the other site to the formulation of legislation. It is graph Co. were merged it was provided House. I personally feel that the finan recommended that Senate Report No. 1907 that the merged carrier must divest it cial condition of the Western Union at be read in conjunction with this report. self of international operations. In the this time demands that this differential . The responsibilities of. the Congress, and its cognizant committees, with respect to this case of Western Union it m·eant the be removed. international communications problem of divesting of that - company's trans A third point which I should like to the United States is by no means concluded. Atlantic cables. As a result, the com call to the· attention of the Senate re On the contrary, the end of the war has pany has been conducting its interna lates to what ·has taken place since the served only to aggravate the basic problems tional communications from y.ear to year end of the war to the airway communica-· and they have become complicated by the by permission of the Federal Communi tions system, and the superb wbi'Ia-wide intrusion of such directly connected · com cations Commission. communications system generally built munications matters as those-involving navi•. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem gational aids to· aviation, in itself a . major up by the Army . and the -, Navy ~ The problem of tremendous proportions if world pore. If the Chair may interrupt the report treats of this matter in some wide aviation commerce is to make progress. Senator at this point, the regular order detail. I had hoped, and many other But the reorganization.of Senate committees has been called for by the Senator from members of our committee had hoped, and the expiration of the authority of the Kentucky [Mr. BARKLEY], and, in the that the . Federal Government- would Senate resolution under which your com opinion of the Chair,· under ·the rule, establish a policy whereby these com mittee carried on this study makes it fle general ·discussion of the committee re-· munications systems, or a part of them, sirable that the committee file a concluding port would not be in order in the morn the part that is not needed for the Army -report with the Senate, summarizing what it ing hour. h{ls· dene and detailing such conclusions as or the Navy, might be utilized by a-pri are proper at this time.• . Mr. McFARLAND . . I understood 1 vate company or companies. The- fact The committ:e.e deems.it important to add could discuss the .matter for 5 minutes, that our Government has not established that neither the. filing .of .this report.nor the ~nd I would certainly conclude within an 'over-all . permanent international expiration of the authority of the sub.com that time. communications policy ·has per~itted. mittee under the Senate resolution means The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem these magnificent communications . sy&-. that the problem is solved or the stud·Y con pore. The 5-minute rule ·applies only terns, which, I reiterate, were the best in cluded. It merely signalizes· the taking over of this entire- problem by .the committee as when the calendar is being considered. the world, to disintegrate. It is· nothing · Mr: part of its enlarged function. McFARLAND. Very well. - uncommon to find · equipment, valued at· · As a prelude to its report, .the committee Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. -President, I ask several thousand dollars, ;in· China or desires to call . particular a tj;en tion to. the unanimous consent. that the ·Senator north Africa being used for ·a table in a: following ·paragraphs from the interim re from Arizona be permitted to conclude hut, for instance. We turned over much port (S. Rept. No. 1907) submitted on July his rem~rks, inasmuch as he has already of our communications equipment, as we 31, 19,46: begun them. did other equipment, to foreign govern "Senate Resolution 187 was introduced by Senators Wheeler, White, and McFarland. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem ments and what was not turned over was its introduction and the need for a study of pore. Is there objection? The Chair stolen. internationai c9~munications grew direc-tly hears none, and the Senator may con I call the attention of the Senate to out of the enactment of the so-called tinue. the recommendation made by the com Domestic Merger Act (Pub_lic L::tw 4, 78th Mr. McFARLAND. I thank the Sena mittee that a permanent policy on inter Cong.). That act made possible the merger tor from Kentucky. national communications be established Qf domestic telegraph- companies. During The requirement placed on the West consideration of this legislation members of by our Government. . the Committee on Interstate Commerce, ern Union to which I have just adverted Mr. President, I ask unanimous con who w.ere dealing with the communications has worked a hardship upon that· com sent that the report be printed · in the problem, became particularly concerned with pany, for the reason that it could not RECORD following my remarks, as a part the situation that faced this country in the plan ahe_ad. It does not know whether of ·my remarks. field of international communications. The to proceed and expand its international merger of domestic telegraph companies was . The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem designed to greatly strengthen and improve business and go out after business~ it pore. Is there objection? does not know what it can do. It can communications by wire and radio within There being no objection, the report the continental United States. The second not sell its cables, because under the (S. Rept. 19) was ordered to be printed phase of the problem was to find ways and existing situation of uncertainty as to in the RECORD, as follows: means of similarly strengthening and im policy there is no customer for them. proving the.service of American communica Meanwhile it is under a legal compulsion The investigation of international com tions car-riers doing business tliroughout the to divest itself of its cable business. So munications by wire and radio was initially world. • • • authorized by Senate Resolution 187 of the "Because little original data was available this carrier is in the situation I have Seventy-eighth Congress, agreed to on Octo described, and Congress should do some to the committee, its staff began the task of ber 19, 1943, which directed the then Com assembling pertinent information with re thing about it. mittee on Interstate Commerce, or any duly spect t6 this problem. The committee The second point is the necessity for authorized subcommittee thereof, to carry learned, during consideration of the legisla legislation removing the present require on such a study and make reports to the tion which became the Domestic Merger Act, ment of a 20 percent be.low normal rate Senate. A subcommittee, consisting of Sen that United States carriers in the interna for transmission of Government tele ators Wheeler, Hill, McFarland, Wh~te, and tional field operated under serious disad Austin, was appointed, under whose author vantages in many foreigr. lands. • • • grams. The Western Un'ion is not alone ity a staff began to gather pertinent data. the only private business required to ren Because of the requirements that exist in The study was continued under authority of many places in the world of transferring der service to the Government at a dis Senate Resolution 268 of the Seventy-eighth American communications to foreign carriers count but also the only communications Congress and Senate Resolution 24 of the for ultimate delivery, messages originating company left which has to transmit com Seventy-ninth Congress, and membership of within the United States are not always munications at a lesser rate for the Gov- · the subcommittee was revised and enlarged within the complete control of the American ernment than for private enterprise. to include Senators Wheeler, Johnson of carrier from the point of origin to the point This entails a hardship to the Western Colorado,· McFarland, Briggs, White, Austin, of delivery. Such a condition fails to afford Union, which has been experiencing diffi Hawkes, and Capehart. American users of international communi On July 31 (legislative day, July 29), 1946, cations the best or most satisfactory service cult problems. It has competition from the committee filed a report (S. Rept. No. in peacetime; in times of war such conditions the subsidized air mail, and competition 1907) which detailed work that had been are untenable for any sovereign Nation and from the telephone companies. Last done to that time, calling attention to exten particularly so for a Nation whose interests year the Congress removed the speci~l sive hearings that had been held, the fact have become world-wide in scope. XCIII,-----,.56 882 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 7 "The committee, working in close coopera and more comprehensive service in the inter plan't communicates with · its branch offices tion with several executive departments o! ests of American commercial, diplomatic, and in the United States. No other nat ion h ad, the Government on this problem, realiZed military needs. There was a divergence of or has, the technique, the equipment, and that no final or conclusive action could be opinion among those witnesses who testified the know-how to do what the Unit ed States taken during the war. While hostilities con as to how this objective could and should be did in building and operatin g that system. tinued, temporary arran gements of many accomplished. Nor was this vast system valuable alone kinds to implement international communi "The lack of a concerted and unified view for ordinary administrative and command cations were set up and carried on. The War among the Government departments led to communications. The war brought with it Department established a far-flung system a decision by the committee to continue its · an unprecedented and wholly unforeseen of communications which linked together investigation and study but to hold in tem rapid development in world-wide aviation. military outposts and air bases all over the ·porary abeyance further hearings until such American-built planes, flown by American earth. This system, est ablished at h igh cost time as the executive departments had crews, were flying the world. Personnel and to the American taxpayer, gave visual and reached a definitive agreement regarding cargo were being carried to every quart er of concrete evidence of what a single, well in American policy on internat ional communi the globe. Engines and . compet ent crews tegrated, closely coordinated, and effectively cations. Prior to and during the hearings, alone are not enough for scheduled air trans directed international communications en the executive had constituted an interdepart port. Safe flying, safe for the passengers terprise could accomplish. The Navy Depart ment al committee to study the problem and and crew, is impossible without a-dequate ment added to its already extensive world make recommendations to the President on :qavigational aids. These inclu de the com wide communicat ions service and as a resUlt this subject. During the hearings the com munications to get the plane of! the ground, our naval vessels and shore establishments mittee · learned that this interdepartmental weat her information, en route informat ion, all over the world were also effect ively linked committee had failed to reach complete and the means to find the destination and toget her. To these two services was added agreement. The committee was informed land there despite weather conditions. The the expanded and effectively operated fa that further efforts would be made by the military services, aided by the brains and cilitie:;; of our own American communica Government departments to arrive at a con know-how of the best technical experts in tions carriers engaged in international traf certed view which would represent depart America, developed electronic aids which fic. It should be noted, however, that all of mental policy on this subject and which made world-wide flying reasonably safe in these services were made effective only be would then be transmitted to the Congress wartime. The United Stat es Government cause this Nation was engag(.c in a world for its consideration in evolving legislation built not only air fields all over the world wide war and our allies willingly extended affecting the entire problem." but likewise installed every modern electronic every aid and facility in knitt ing together Members of the committee, aware of the device avail&ble to insure steady, uninter such a world-wide communications service. extensive, far-flung network of Army and rupted flights. The end of the war modified and changed Navy communications, were concerned with Thus, at war's end, there existed two vast this idyllic picture. While one internation what disposition would be made of these communications operations: one linking to al conference has been held looking to im installations and systems after the war gether widely scattered airport s and making provement in American international com ended. Those who had studied the situa air transport between them relatively safe; munications facilities, the b:1S!- problem tion believed that a way could be found the second a practical commercial communi remains unchanged. through which these modern and expensive cations service operated by the Army Signal "Following the assembling of a great deal installations could be used to build up an Corps, serving our military and diplomatic of original data and conferences between American-owned world-wide communi<:a units all over the world and capable of -han members of the committee and representa tions system i~ peacetime. A similar belief dling tremendous message loads. Both were tives of the State, War, an1 Navy De was held in some military quarters, and it built and operated at tremendous cost to partments (the three agencies of govern was deemed desirable that the committee the American taxpayer. ment most interested in and most concerned see at first hand the ext ent and scope of What happened to the airways communi with international communications), the American world-wide communications. cations? The Army and Navy were de committee began hearings on the general A twofold purpose governed the decision mobilized rapidly. Trained personnel, the. subject of international communications. to undertake a survey: (1) To see at first most critical item which takes longest to pro Those hearings covered a period of nearly a hand the equipment needed for, and the cure, returned to civilian life. Airports into month in March and April of 1945. Nine wit operation of, an integrated world-W:ide com which this country had poured millions of nesses, all representatives of Government de munications system completely within the dollars in construction were returned to the partments, appeared before the committee ownership, control, and administration of n ations in whose lands they were built, fre to present their views and the views of their the United States; and (2) to determine quently without agreements of any kind for agencies and departments. These witnesses what part, if any, of such an integrated their further main tenance or operation on included Mr. W. L. Clayton, Assistant Secre modern system could be fitted into a peace standards comparable to wartime standards, tary of State; Mr. Francis C. de Wolf, Chief time international communications system or even any agreements at all. In some cases; of the Telecommunications Division of the owned and operated by citizens of this after tte war, American-flag-lin e air trans Department of State; the Honorable James ports were not even granted lan ding priv Forrestal, Secretary of the Navy; Rear Adm. country. In May 1945 the committee was invited ileges on airports which American brains and Joseph R. Redman, Director of Naval Com blood and dollars had built. Valu able com munications; Chairman Paul A. Porter, ot by the Secretary of the Navy (Mr. Forrestal), with the approval and active assistance of munications equipment was declared surplus, the Federal Communications Commission; stacked in surplus yards, stolen, disappeared, Maj. Gen. Harry C. Ingles, Chief Signal Offi the War Department, to make a survey of the military coinmunication_s inst allations and not infrequently could be fou nd serving cer of the War Department; Brig. Gen. H. M. as a table or some oth er household item in McClelland, air communications officer o:r which had been established in Europe, the a Bedouin's tent in the desert. A large part the Army Air Forces; and Mr. Charles 1. Near East, and north Africa. Subsequently, of the superlative airways communications Stanton, Deputy Administrator of the Civil a member of the committee (Senat or Mc service in Europe, in north Africa, in the Aeronautics Administration. The hearings FARLAND) had an opportunity to m ake simi Near East, and particularly in the South Pa comprise two volumes of 574 pages and to lar surveys of communications installations cific areas, disintegrated, and t he existing gether with m aps,_charts, table: , and other and operations in key gateway cities within situation is such that qualified witnesses, for valuable exhibits afford the most current and the continental . United St at es as well as example, Gen. Douglas MacArthur, term fly reliable information on the subject of int er throughout the Caribbean area, Alaska, and ing in t he Far East and in the Pacific haz:-· national communications presently available. the entire Pacific, including Hawaii, John ardous or unsafe in comparison with the "It should be noted here, however, that ston Island, Kwajalein, Guam, Tinian, Sal comparative safety of wartime. Even the these hearings are by no means complete nor pan, Iwo Jima; Tokyo and Japan generally; transport arms of the Army and Navy are do they represent views and opinions of all Shanghai, Tsientsin, Tsingtao, and Peiping, seriously hampered by the present communi authoritative sources on this sUbject. The China; Okinawa; Manila; Darwin, Brisbane, cations situation. And while the accident committee limited the first phase of its hear and Sydney, Australia; New Caledonia, Fiji, rate for both commercial and military trans and Canton ~sl ands. ings to the representatives of the Govern port flying has s ~eadily decreased in recent ment departments, desiring to obtain a well The committee believes . it is important years, the recent upsurge in major accidents rounced and over-all viewpoint from the to point" out that when World War II ended, is directly traceable to a lack of, or an inade Government agencies prior to determining the United States had under its cont rol a quate number and type of, communication for the record the viewpoints of the repre world-girdling wire and radio communica aids to navigation. sentatives of :the American carriers in the tions system such as had theretofore been This brief summary of the disintegration international field. During the course of the wistfully conceived only in rather imagina that has taken place in the communications hearings it became obvious that the affected tive plans. It was the last word in modern facilities for airways is being rapidly paral Government departments were not of one ity, and it performed superbly under all leled in the magnificent communications mind with respect to the policy that should sorts of conditions. Communication be network operated by the Army Communica be laid down by this Government to govern tween Washington and the most remote tions Service, which coupled with the Naval American international communications .. places in India, China, Japan, Africa, the Communications Service, makes possible There was no disagreement over one funda Near East, and in most of Europe was al this world-girdling communications network. mental fact-American international com- · most instantaneous and teletype conversa Brought into being within 18 months after· munications stood in need of improvement tions could be carried on with the same the outbreak of the war, it gave this country !rom the standpoint of better, faster, cheaper, facility that an American manufacturing for the first time in its history the kind of 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 883 communications network that is dreamed · while our Government still'enjoyed the pres the corporation does not know whether it about. The brains and ability and know tige and affection that its contribution to should make improvements in its cable' lines, how of every American communications car ward winning the war had given the United aggressively. seek new business and attempt rier and communications equipment manu St ates among the nations of the world, to build up its international business, or as facturer went into the building and mainte thought would have been given and action sume that eventually it must dispose of this nance of that system. But, as in the case of t aken toward working out mutually satis operation and do little about it. airways communications, rapid demobiliza factory arrangements or temporary agree · Meanwhile the company has faced tre tion of trained personnel, evacuation from ments with many foreign powers .for the con mendously increased operating costs, due to bases and areas all over the world where tinued maintenance anc;l operat ion in certain retroactive wage decisions and increased communications equipment was installed areas, either by us or by them, of both air wages. It has been granted rate increases and m aintained, fiscal retrenchment, and the ways communications and commercial com- · by t he Federal Communications Commission, lessening need by the military for such a munications installations and service. but its ability to carry on and .furnish a first world-wide service are the principal factors Unfortunately, this policy was not fol- · class communications service to American in the break-up of this network of communi lowed. Instead of seizing opportunities users is further hampered by this legislative cations. which appeared to have been available, it anomaly. It must be remembered, as has been will now be necessary, in most cases, to be This company is likewise suffering an addi pointed out in earlier reports by the com gin all over again, relying on our bargaining tional discrimination in the way of special mittee, that except for the period of the war, abilit y in international conferences. Our · rates for Government business. The special the United States never has had a world-wide record of accomplishments in such confer rate for Government messages was a require cpmmunications service available to Ameri ences in both the communication and avia ment of the 1866 Post Roads Act, as amended, can patrons which insured the delivery of tion spheres has not yet been marked with under which the company was granted cer diplomatic, military, or commercial m~ssages outstanding success. tain righ ts-of-way over public lands. A pro through its own services to every point of The committee has carried out the func vision which would have removed the special destination and at rates as low as those tion assigned it by the. Senate. It has sur rate to Government was eliminated from the available to nationals of other nations. This veyed extensive communications installations Domestic Merger Act when that bill was in is not the fault of American commercial car throughout the world. It has held hearings, conference. The committee, however, de riers doing business in the internatim:1al which though incomplete from the stand sires to point out that this company is the field; in equipment, methods, initiative, and point of finally evolving a legislative policy, only private business in America which is all-around ability they surpass the world . . has, nevertheless, l:"rought up to date the most required to furnish service to the Govern For example, the British communications authoritative body of dat a bearing on the ment at a lower rate than to other patrons. monopoly, Cables & Wireless, whose m ajor subject of American international communi The Congress last year eliminated the special installations and methods of operation the land-grant rates for railroad haulage of Gov cations. In the 3~ years since the study committee surveyed in such key places as was authorized by the Senate, the commit ernment supplies and personnel, and no London and Malta, by comparison, employs tee has expended $14,555.16 of the $15,000 ?-P other communications carrier is required to equipment and methods fully a quarter of a propriated for the work, this expendUure in grant the Government a special rate. century behind those of the major American cluding salaries for staff. The surveys of The committee believes that in fairness to carriers. But the fact remains that the communications installations, the hearings, the Western Union and in the interest of British combine, through Empire preferences and the study generally has armed members strengthening this domestic communications and ot her arrangements, has been for years, of the committee with valuable information company so that it can offer a better service and remains today, · a world-circling commu on the broad general subject of international to American users, the Congress should (a) nications networ-k whose services must be communications and their importance to the either eliminate from the law the provision employed to get messages into many, many diplomatic, military, and economic welfare which prevents the Western Union Co. from places in the world. As a single company of the Nation. carrying on fully and freely its international operating throughout the world and partly The committee deems it important to point business by cable, or expedite legislation pro owned by the Government (recently it has out that the study here reported on grew viding for merger of international carriers been n ationalized and will be wholly owned so that the cables may be transferred to such by the Government) the British Government out of the legislative preparat ion of the bill a carrier, and (b) eliminate the prevailing has pushed it into a preeminent place jn which became the Domest ic Merger Act, per special rate to Government as an incongruity world-wide communications. Moreover, its mitting the merger of the Western Union not required of any other private business. users anywhere in the British Commonwealt h and Postal Telegraph companies. In its The committee also looks forward with a of Nations enjoy a preferential Empire rate original form that legislation, carrying out great deal of anticipation to a report on in against which competition is difficult. the recommendations of an earlier report ternational communications which is ex Before World War II, except for Navy ship by this committee, would have permitted a pect ed from the interdepartment al commit: shore and to a more limited degree shore similar merger of American carriers operating tee. It recognizes that while the primary shore, and except for limited Army commu in the international field, but bai-red the duty of laying down a legislative policy in nications within the continental United creation of a single over-all communica this field devolves upon the Congress, it is States and to certain Territorial possessions, t ions carrier operat ing both in the domestic of the greatest importance that the Congress the diplomatic, military, and commercial and international fields. The provision per h ave before it the views of the interested communications of the United States and its mitting a merger of international carriers and affected Government departments and citizens were subject to the economic and was dropped at the specific request of the agencies, and that these views be unified, so political influences of competing governments Navy Department, and other agencies of Gov that they represent a broad policy deter and their agencies. ernment. These agencies, faced at that time mination on this vitally important com This committee had previously expressed wit h the exigencies of defense preparations, munications problem. The committee be the hope (S. Rept. No. 1907, 79th Cong.) felt they did not have the time to devote to a lieves that the more than 3 years that have before the disintegration of war-built com study of so important a problem, and asked el13.psed since this study was undertaken has munications had gone too far that the United that it be deferred until such time as their afforded ample time for the Government States acting through the State Department, views could be worked out. · agencies concerned to reach agreement on would have evolved and promulgated an The removal of the international merger what should be this Nation's international American communications policy for the provision has worked an injustice on the communic-ations policy. The committee it guidance of American communication com Western Union Telegraph Co., the sole re self has made ·clear, in earlier reports, that panies; it had hoped that the creation of a maining domestic carrier which subsequently permissive consolidation of carriers and care second interdepartment al committee on absorbed the Postal Telegraph Co. The Do ful frequency allocation standards are prime communications would lead to unified agree mestic Merger Act specifically prevented the legislative requisites. ment among the various departments and merged domestic carrier from engaging in in The committee believes that with the co agencies of Government which have hereto ternational business and conversely; any operation and assistance of the agE!ncies of fore expressed conflicting opinions before merged international carrier from engaging Government concerned with the problem, a this committee as to what should be Ameri in domestic business. Because the law as permanent solution can be and should be can communications policy. final}y enacted did not permit merger of in worked out as rapidly as possible. The com This committee believed that promulgation ternational carriers, the Western Union Co. mittee reiterates the final paragF-aph of its of such a policy was desirable and necessary has found itself in the anomalous position interim report of July 31, 1946: so that our own American communications of not being able to dispose of its extensive "The committee trusts that with the ad companies could be guided in their future trans-Atlantic cables and has continued to vent of the Eightieth Congress it will have plans, not alone with respect to competition operate them under special permit of the the benefit of the Executive's view on Ameri between themselves as against foreign com Federal Communications Commission, which can international communications policy and munication services, but likewise with re has been renewed from time to time, until that the policy so presented will have the spec't to what American users of international some final solution of the merger question is approval and support of all of the interested communications services may expect in the made by the Congress. It is neither a sound Government departments and agencies. way of rates and practices which directLy nor a healthy situation for a corporation to With such a recommendation before the affect the freer exchange of news and infor operate a phase of its business under a law Congress, the committee is of the opinion mation between nations. which provides that it mtist eventually dis that. further hearings, during which the view This committee_also had hoped that ev.en . pose of that phase of its business, but mean point of the carrier representatives will be before the formulation of such a policy and while must continue to operate it. Obviously, heard, can be expedited and the Congress 884 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 7 · presented with a definitive legislative pro By Mr. O'MAHONEY: that support to the social sciences which was posal which would strengthen and improve S. 537. A bill for the relief of Earl M. Se dropped from the committee bill by the Sen international communications service all mingsen; to the Committee on the Judiciary. ate should be reinstated. over the world, witll the object of making By Mr. DWORSHAK: Many other Senators have been interested cheaper and more readily available American S. 538. A bill for the relief of Carleton and, in fact, have worked tirelessly in per n ews to all other countries and their news to Cummings; to the Committee on the Judi fecting this bill. In view of this fact I ask America;. cheapening, speeding, and a:ffording ciary. unanimous consent that other Senators may greater and more secure communications to By Mr. McFARLAND (for himself and be permitted to officially join in sponsoring American commercial interests and making Mr. HAYDEN): this bill and that their names be added upon more secure and complete American diplo S. J. Res. 60. Joint resolut_ion to authorize my submitting them to the Senate. I also matic and military communications." the San Carlos irrigation and . drainage dis ask unanimous consent for a brief extension of my remarks at this point for the purpose BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTION trict, Arizona, to drill, equip, and acquire wells for use on the San Carlos irrigation of further describing its purposes and status. INTRODUCED project; to the Committee on Public Lands. The Senate bill-8. 1850-which in the last Congress had been pfdected after many ' Bills and a joint resolution were in NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION troduced, read the first time, and, by months of activ~ study and hearings pro unanimous consent, the second time, arid Mr. THOMAS of Utah. Mr. President, vided Federal assistance on a peacetime basis I introduce for appropriate reference a for scientific scholarships and fellowships, referred as follows: and for scientific research, including funda By Mr. CAPPER: bill creating a National Science Founda mental research generally, and applied re S. 524. A bill to authorize the Department tion, which is similar to the bill passed search in health and medicine and national of Agriculture to receive contributions from by the Senate last year. I ask unani defense. These functions were favored by foreign governments to help defray the ex mous consent that a statement prepared the Senate only after exhaustive evidence penses of its work in cooperating with for by me in connection with the bill be provided by its own Military Affairs Commit eign governments in furthering the inter printed in the RECORD. tee and the Office of Scientific Research and change of knowledge and skills between the The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem Development showed that existing Govern people of the United States and the peoples ment and private arrangements could not of other countries, and for other purposes; pore. The bill introduced by the Sena supp'ort the needs of an advanced industrial to the Committee .on Agriculture and For tor from Utah will be received and ap nation like our own. estry. propriately r,eferred, and, without ob Another purpose of the bill was the crea (Mr. THOMAS of Utah introduced Senate jection, the statement will be printed in tion of a central Federal scientific agency bill 525, to promote the progress of science the RECORD. which would have general oversight over the and the useful arts, to secure the national The bill ALEXANDER WILEY, the re.solution SCOUT WEEK lished b:Tsection 4 of the act of June 23, 1934 bill le and to be printed. people noted and fewer still applauded, 886 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 7 yet which was destined to affect the lives United States, which was read and re Appropriate action · should be taken of over 13,000,000 of our citizens, and ferred to the Committee on the Judi now to assure that adequate facilities through them the lives of millions of ciary: for the production of American-made others with whom they have associated. rubber of the highest quality continue to This event was the incorporation of the To the Congress of the United States: be available. Part of this productive Boy Scouts of AID.erica, an organization In my recent message to the Congress capacity should continue in effective op which was granted a Federal charter by requesting the extension of certain titles eration. and the techniques required for Congress 6 years later on the basis of of the Second War Powers Act for con the efficient processing of synthetic rub outstanding service rendered to the tinued controls in a few specific areas ber in the manufacture of rubber prod Nation. I pointed out the importance of natural ucts should be maintained and improved. Since that day 37 years ago, more than and synthetic rubber to the national se The Congress will recall the extraor 13 ,000,000 men and boys have experi curity. In that connection I urged the dinary measures that bad to be taken enced the joys and derived the benefits Congress to continue allocation controls in the early days of the recent war to of ~couting. They have had the oppor over rubber pending conside.ration of meet the emergency caused by the sud tunity to take part in worth-while activi permanent legislation that would insure den unavailability of our normal sup ties and to extend their horizons by con the maintenance of a minimum syn plies of rubber. At the direction of Presi tacts with Scouts in some 73 different thetic-rubber industry in the United dent Rocsevelt a Rubber Survey Com lands, representing practically every States. mittee was created which outlined civilized nation in the world. I am sure that the Congress will wish vigorous measures to be taken by both in Most people know that the Scout pro to consider carefully all aspects of the dustry and Government. We were for- . gram provides wholesome recreation for problem before enacting permanent leg tm1ate in having time to carry out the boys in the out-of-doors. Not everyone islation. During the period of such con program outlined by this committee, for understands that the Scout method of sideration, however, I urge that there the shortage of rubber could have caused training for citizenship is unique, and be no break in the continuity of policy the collapse of our war efiort and of our that it should be a part of the experience and administrative action concerning domestic economy. of every American boy. Many former both natural and synthetic rubber. I On another occasion we might not be Scouts give evidence of the value of this therefore wish to review, in somewhat so fortunate. The security of the United training. This volunteer agency deserves fuller detail than was possible in my pre States and the essential needs of its citi the support of all the American people. vious message, the character of this zens must never again be jeopardized by FREEDOM FROM TAX ON GIFTS TO problem and to suggest actions that seem inadequate ·or uncertain rubber sup UNITED NATIONS - COMMUNICATION desirable for the Congress to take at this plies. FROM THE PRESIIJENT time. · In recognition of this fact, the Direc The problem has not been a matter of tor of War Mobilization and Reconver The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem immediate concern up ·to the present sion created an Interagency Policy Com pore laid before the Senate' the follow time, because world supplies of natural mittee on Rubber in September 1945. ing communication fr·om the President rubber have been so critically short that This committee made an exhaustive study of the United States, which was read, it has been necessary for us to make full o: the problem, in cooperation w:lth in and, with the accompanying paper, re dustry and the executive . agencies con ferred to the Committee on Finance: est practicable use of our facilities for producing synthetic rubber. As I stated cerned, and submitted two reports which THE WHITE HOUSE, in my previous message, the world sup were transmitted to the Congress on Washington, February 6, 1947. March 8 and July 22, 1946. These re Hon. ARTHUR H. VANDENBERG, ply of natural rubber is still inadequate to meet world needs. We must, however, ports outline the dimensions of the President of the Senate pro tempore, problem and suggest various methods of United States Senate, recognize that the time is rapidly ap meeting it. Washington, D. c. proaching when this condition will no The Congress should deal with all An offer of $8,500,000 has been made to longer prevail. According to the best t!le United Nations for acquisition · of a. aspects of this matter during the present headquarters site in the city of New· York, evidence that I have bzen able to ob session because of its vital effect upon on the condition that the gift should be tain, it appears that perhaps in late 1947, our national security. Meanwhile, it is free of Federal gift taxes. and almost certainly by early 1948, nat imperative that the Congress extend au The United Nations desires to take advan ural-rubber production will have in thority to continue controls over rubber tage of this generous offer and has requested creased to the point where it will be pos under the Second War Powers Act, as I that the United States comply with the con sible to satisfy world rubber needs dition attached to this gift. requested in my previous .message. largely from natural r.u~ber. With an I heartily recommend that this Govern Prompt action by the Congress will pro.:. ment comply with this request. It would adequate world supply of natural rub vide the basis for continuity of operation appear that the most desirable method by ber and a free choice of materials by in rubber controls, and will permit their which this gift could be freed from such industry, the use of synthetic rubber in simplification. and orderly relaxation or taxes would be to amend the appropriate the United States might fall substanti removal. It will also greatly aid the sections of the Internal Revenue Code. In ally below the permanent production agencies concerned in planning produc addition to accomplishing the purpose of tion in Government-o'o/ned synthetic complying with the above offer, the effect goals considered to be minimum for the of such an amendment would be to encour• needs of national security. This would rubber plants and such action will con age other public-spirited citizens to make be even more likely if at sometime in tribute to the disposal of these plants to gifts to the United Nations. 1948 the world supply of natural rubber private industry. I enclose herewith for your consideration should begin to exceed the total world The time will soon arrive when it will / copy of a suggested joint resolution which demand for all rubber. no longer be necessary to use these con would accomplish the desired purposes. The Congress has already made provi trols to insure equitable distribution of I consider that the passage of' such a natural rubber or to produce the maXi resolution is definitely in the public interest sion, by means of the Strategic and Crit ical Materials Stock Piling Act of 1946, mum number of commodities from syn and I suggest that you bring this to the thetic rubber. When this time comes, attention of the Congress at your earliest for the accumulation of a stock pile of convenience. continued controls would be used only natural rubber within the borders of the for the purpose of insuring the mainte Very sincerely yours, United States. The physical properties HARRY S. TRUMAN. nance of a minimum synthetic-rubber of rubber, however, and the necessity of industry in the United States. Controls EXTENSION OF SECOND WAR POWERS stock-pile rotation, place limits which should be used for such maintenance of ACT RELATING TO NATURAL AND SYN make the largest feasible Government a synthetic-rubber industry only if spe THETIC RUBBER-MESSAGE FROM THE stock pile of natural rubber inadequate in cific authority is provided for that pur PRESIDENT itself to meet the demands of a na pose. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem tional emergency. The stock pile must I therefore recommend that the Sen pore laid before the Senate the follow be supplemented by an assured produc ate and the House of Representatives, ing message from the President. of the tion of American-made rubber. by joint resolution, make a declaration 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 887 of policy to the eff·ect that it is the firm I deem to be a flagrant disregard of law In this connection, I call your attention to int en tion of the Government to main by the President and · the personnel of section 2, title 15, of the Second War Powers tain a synt hetic-rubber industry in the an executive a :;;ency which has been set Act, which provides as follows: United S tates, adequate to the minimum up by Executive order. ~'Nothing contained in this act or any other act (except the Emergency Price Control Ac~ needs of nationaL security. . The principle involved is highly impor of 1942, as amended, or the Stabilization Act I fur ther recommend that the Senate tant. The Office of Price Administration of 1942, as amended), shall be construed to and the House of Representatives act was an agency set up by the Congress authorize the establishment by any officer or expeditiously in establishing appropriate under the terms of the Emergency Price agency of the Government of maximum committee arrangements to consider the Control Act. The standards by which it prices for any commodity or maximum rents problems involved in maintaining a syn might operate were defined in the statute for any housing accommodations." thetic-rubber industry in the United by the Congress. The Administrator of You will note that by the express language States and to draft such legislation as is that office could be appointed by the of the above provision of law no officer or .found to be necessary to accomplish this agency of the Government is authorized to President only with the advice and con establish maximum prices for any commodity objective. sent of the Senate, and thus, control was or maximum rents for any housing accom I repeat my recent recommendation retained over the identity of the person modations except as provided by the Emer that the authority to continue allocation who was to administer the far-reaching gency Price Control Act of 1942, as amended. controls on rubber be continued for 1 war powers delegated by the law. or the Stabilization Act of 1942, as amended. year under title III of the Second War It was certainly my intention in offer Since the Emergency Price Control Act of Powers Act, in order that the Congress ing the amendment to the Second War 1942, as amended, reposes exclusive jurisdic may have an opportunity to consider this Powers Act which excluded the authority tion in the Administrator of the Office of problem and . to enact such permanent of any officer or. agency of the Govern Price Administration to "establish such max legislation as in its judgment is neces imum rent or maximum rents for such ac ment to establish maximum prices or commodations as in his judgment will be sary and appropriate. maximum rents except the officer and generally fair and equitable and will effectu The program of action I have outlined agency specified in the Emergency Price ate the purposes of this act," it seems clear ba.s the unanimous and vigorous sup Control Act or the Stabilization Act, to that the function of establishing maximum port of all agencies of Government con prevent the precise thing which the Pres rents for housing accommodations cannot be cerned with this problem. I am instruct ident has now done by Executive order. transferred to or performed by the Office -of ing tl.\ese agencies to give all possible The Office of Temporary Controls is Temporary Controls or the Administrator of assistance to the Congress in its consid not a creature of the Congress. The Ad that . agency, and the President is without eration of the problem, and to make authority of law to direct or authorize any ministrator of that office is appointed by officer ·or agency of the Go\7ernment to per available, on request, the statistical ma the President without regard to the con.:. form such function except the officer and the terial and other information which they sent or advice of the Senate, and conse ... agency specified in the Emergency Price Con have collected;. quently the right of the Senate to exer trol Act of 1942<, as amended. HARRY S. TRUMAN. cise its participation in the selection of I am, therefore, requesting that you advise 'rHE WHITE HousE, February 7, 1947. the individual who is now administering me what provision of law, in your opinion. the wartime controls of establishing authorizes you to establish maximum rents EsTABLISHMENT OF MAXIMUM RENTS BY maximum prices and maximum rents has for housing accommodations. Your immedi ADMINISTRATOR, OFFICE OF TEMPO- been bypassed. · ate answer in this connection will be greatly RARY CONTROLS . appreciated, in view of the legislation con Section 136 of the Legislative Reorgan cerning rent controls now being considered Mr. BUTLER obtained the floor. ization Act provides that each outstand by the Congress. Mr. MOORE. Mr. President, will the ing committee of the Senate and the Yours very truly, Senator yield to me? House "shall exercise continuous watch E. H. MooRE. Mr. BUTLER. I yield to the Senator fulness of the execution by .the adminis from Oklahoma for a short statement. trative agencies concerned of any laws STATEMENT OF E. H. MOORE, UNITED STATES Mr. MOORE. Mr. President, it bas the subject matter of which is within the SENATOR FROM OKLAHOMA been a long-standing practice for many jurisdiction Of SllCh committee." I have today written Maj. Gen. Philip B. of the executive agencies of Government I have sent to the chairman of the Fleming, Ad"ministrator, Office of Temporary to override the will of Congress by dis Committee on Banking and Currency, the ·Controls, as per the attached letter, which is self-explanatory. torting the law or wholly ignoring it. Senator from New Hampshire [Mr. It is my opinion that the establishment of It appears that such is the case in the TOBEY], a copy of correspondence with maximum rents by the Administrator of the attempted continued es~ablishment of the Administrator of the Office of Tem Office of Temporary Controls is without au maximum rents by the Administrator of porary Controls, and· I urge upon that thority of law and. that_his acts in this. con . the Office of Temporary Controls thrcmgh committee that it ·investigate and con nection are illegal. When the Second war the facilities of that office. At the last sider whether the actions of the Admin Powers Act was extended at the last session session of the Seventy-ninth Congress istrator and that agency are in violation of Congress, I offered an amendment to that the Second War Powers Act was extended of existing law with respect to the estab law which was adopted by the Congress pro.: viding tl;lat nothing in that act, or. any other and amended exp:Fessly tO- -provide that lishment of maximum rents;- and if' so, 'act, shall be construed to authorize the es nothing contained in the act, or any take such action as they deem appro tablishment by any officer or agency of gov other act, shall.be construed to authorize. priate. ernment of maximum rents for any houSing the. establishment by any officer or Mr. President, I ask leave to have accommodations.except. the. officer or agency agency of the Government of maximum . printed in the RECORD at this point as a named and designated.. by the.. Emergency. prices for any commodity or maximum part of my remarks copies of correspond Price Control Act of 1942. rents for housing accommodations, ex ence-between me and Maj. Gen. Philip This is important. The ·Emergency Price cept the officer or agency specified in the B. Fleming, and a statement by me. Control Act lays down express limitations for Emergency Price Control Act or the establishing maxi~um rents and the Ad There being no objection, the corre ministrator of the Office of Price Administra Stabilization Act. spondence was ordered to be printed-in tion is appointed by the President by and Notwithstanding this express prohi the RECORD, as follows: with the advice and consent of the Senate. bition_by the Congress, the President, by FEBRU-ARY 3, 1947. Thus Congress has control over the indi Executive order, has transferred this Maj. Gen. PHILIP B. FLEMING, vidual who i& to administer the Emergency function to the Office of Temporary Administrator, Office of Temporary Price pontrol Act. The. Office of Temporary Controls, and the Administrator of that Controls, Washington, D. C. Controls is a creature of the executive de office is now asserting tllt right to estab DEAR GENERAL: By Executive Order 9809 Of partment of government created by Execu lish maximtm rents for housing accom December 12, 1946, the President consoli-· tive order. Its rules and regulations and me-thods of modations. What I say in connection dated various governmental agencies, includ ing OPA, to form the Office of Temporary procedure are not limited by any specific law with this matter has nothing to do with Controls and transferred the functions of of Congress. The Administrator of that -of the merits of continued Federal rent such consolidated agencies to that Office. fice is appointed by the President, and the controls. My personal view is that Pursuant to this action, you, as AdministrS: Senate has no authority tc approve or· dis all wartime controls should be ended tor of the Office of Temporary Controls, are approve such individual. The reasons for promptly; but what I want -to bring to continuing the establishment of maximum the amendment to the Second wa·: Powers the attention of the Senate is a matter rents for housing accommodations. Act above referred to are, therefore, obvious. 888 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SE.NATE FEBRUARY 7 . Establishment of maximum prices and ne{!tion with existing provisions of law and be very speedily disposed of, and then it rents were wartirile emergencies. They are that the legal issue raised was not under the essence of. regimentation and will not be will be in order for Senators to speak on stood by you. subjects concerning which they desire to tolerated by the American people under our I have no doubt that maximum rents are form of government except in time of wa:r being established by the Administrator of address the Senate. and even then only under the express provi the' Office of Temporary Controls through the Mr. BUTLER. Mr. President, I am sions of law enacted by the people's repre facilities of that Office in the manner pro very anxious to cooperate with the ma sentatives in the Congress. vided for by the Emergency Price Control jority leader and with the Senate. I The action of the President in transfer Act. That, however, is not the question am anxious to get away from the Senate ring the functions of the Office of Price Ad raised and is wholly beside the point. The reasonably early. If by unanimous· con ministration to establish maximum rents for point is that the Congress has, by law, said sent I may have.the floor for a short-time housing accommodations to the Office of that no act shall be construed to ·authorize Temporary Controls is directly in the face of following the call of the calendar, I will any officer or agency of the Government to yield the floor. and contrary to the Second War Powers Act, established maximum rents .except the offi as amended at the last session of Congress. cer and agency provided for in . the Emer Mr. WHITE. That is entirely agree Since the Office of Price Administration has gency Price Control Act pf 1942, as amended. able to me. been terminated by its transfer to the Office The Emergency Price Control Act of 1942, The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem of Temporary Controls, and since the Ad as amended, delegates permissive authority pore. The calendar, U.nder rule .VIIT, is ministrator of the Office of Price Adminis to the Administrator ·of the Office of Price tration, as provided by the Emergency Price in order. The clerk will proceed to state Administration, as provided for in that act, the measures on the calendar. Control Act,· has resigned, and no AdminiS to establish maximum ·rents through the fa• trator has been appointed or approved by the BILL PASSED OVER Senate, it would appear that there has been cilities of and in accordance with the Office no authority of law for the establishment of of Price Administration, as created by the Tpe bill Baltimore City", to strike out Management of the Executive Office of the no other. That was the express purpose of "Maryland." · President, to be known as the Office of Tem the legislation. The amendment was agreed to. porary Controls. The order also vested in It sb,ould, therefore, be .apparent to you . The bill was ordered to be engrossed the Temporary Controls Administrator the that the Office of Temporary Controls, or for a third reading, read the third time, functions of the Price Administtator. the Administrator of that Office, is without and passed, as follows: The order is based, in part, upon title I authority of law to establish maximum rents of the First War Powers Act, 1941, which au for any housing accommodations, and that Be it enacted, etc., That the Se~reta.ry of the Navy is hereby authorized to grant, sub thorizes the President to redistribute func Executive Order 9809 of December 12, 1~46, tions among agencies, to consolidate agen is illegal and void to the extent that it at ject to such terms and conditions as he may cies, and to transfer duties and powers from tempts to authorize such agency or its Ad prescribe, to American Telephone & Tele one agency to another. ministrator to do so, and that your continued graph Co. of Virginia, a corporation, an You refer to section 2, title 15, of the Sec actions in this regard are illegal and with easement for the installation, maintenance, ond War Powers Act, which reaffirms that out legal force or effect, and are subject to operation, replacement, and removal of un the Emergency Price Control Act of. 1942 is such penalties as may be judicially deter derground communication systems consisting the sole authority for the establishment of mined in the premises. of cables, wires, conduits, manholes, drains maximum rents for any housing accommo Yours very truly, and splicing ·boxes, surface testing terminals, · dations. The section of the Second War E. H. MOORE. repeaters, markers, and.other appurtenances Powers Act to which you refer ·does not as the said corporation may from time to CONSIDERATION OF THE CALENDAR time require (a) upon, under, and across and, indeed, does not purport t~limit or restrict the power of the President to desig Mr. WHITE. Mr. President-- the following parcels of land within the nate which officer or agency of the .Govern boundaries of the United States Na-val Prov The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tern- . ing Grounds, King George County, Va., the ment shall exercise the authority contained pore. The Senator from Nebraska [Mr. in the. Em.ergenQy Price Control Act of 1942 metes and bounds descriptions of which are to establish maximum rents for any housing BuTLER] has been recognized. on file in the Navy Department: accommodations. Mr. WIDTE. I desire to submit a (1) a strip of land 1~1o feet in width and In brief, the Temporary Controls Admin parliamentary inquiry. approximately ·5,616 feet in length extending istrator, having been vested with the func The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem from the westerly boundary of. said naval tions of the Price Administrator, establishes pore. The Senator'will state it. reservation to the Potomac River, north of maximum rents for any housing accommoda Mr. WHITE. Is not the call of the and adjacent to United States Highway tions solely pursuant ~ the Emergency Price No. 301; Control Act of 1942, as amended, calendar now the order of business? {2) a strip of land 16'}io feet in width and Sincerely yours, The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem approximately 420 feet in length connecting PHILIP B. FLEMING, pore. The call of the calendar under with the aforesaid strip of land and running Major General, United States Army, rule VIII is the order of business. northeasterly to ~e Potomac River; Administrator. Mr. WIDTE. Mr. President, a number (3) a piece or parcel of land containing of Senators desire to speak, most of them approximately ll637!)1ooo square feet for an FEBRUARY 6, 1947. very briefly, but may I not urge on them auxiliary repeater station site; Maj. Gen. PHILIP B. FLEMING, that they permit the disposition of the and (b) upon, under, and across the railroad Administrator, Office of Temporary right-of-way of the United States of America Controls, WashiTJ-gton, D. C. calendar, and to defer requesting time to speak on matters not related to bills on between Fredericksburg and Dahlgren, King DEAR GENERAL: I have yours of February 6 George County, Va., at station 1450 plus 57 in answer to my letter of February 3. the calendar until we have disposed of of said railroad station system, the metes It seems clear from your reply that the the calendar? There are only about half and bounds description of which is on file in context of my letter was not studied in con- a dozen bills on the calendar. They can the Navy Department. · 1947 CONGRESS·IONAL RECORD-SENATE 889 SEc. 2. The Secretary of the Navy ·is fur to be engrossed for a third reading, read a storm drain in, under, and along a part of ther authorized to grant, subject to such the third time, and passed, as follows: a plot of approximately 15% acres of land terms and-conditions as he may prescribe, to located in the city of Los Angeles, Calif., and Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary American Telephone & Telegraph Co. of acquired by the United States through con Baltimore City, a corporation, an easement of the Navy is authorized to grant to the demnation proceeding No. 2044-BH, Civil, in for the purposes contained in section 1 of city of San Diego, Calif., upon sucb terms and the District Court of the United States for this act, upon, under, and across the rail conditions as -he may determine, a right-of the central division of the .Southern District road right-of-way of the United States of way for the construction, maintenance, op of California, metes and bounds description America between Indian Head and· White eration, and repair of a water pipe line or of which is on file in the Navy Department. Plains, Charles County, Md., at a point in lines within a strip of land 50 feet in width and 2,650 feet in length, more or less, which MILEAGE AND OTHER TRAVEL ALLOW said right-of-way 2,431 feet distant along the ANCES OF MILITARY PERSONNEL. railroad centerline frpm the point of switch strip traverses land owned by the United with the main line of the Pope Creek Branch States within the limits of Camp Gillespie, San Diego County, Calif. The bill (S. 276) to provide for pay of the Baltimore & Washington Railroad, the ment and settlement of mileage and metes and bounds description of which is on EASEMENT IN LANDS IN BIBB other travel allowance accounts of mili file in the Navy Department. · COUNTy, GA. tary personnel was announced as next SEc. 3. The conveyances made pursuant to this act shall be at no cost to .the grantee. The Senate proceeded to consider the in order. . bill .. (S. 234) to. authorize the Secretary Mr. LANGER. Let the bill. go over. EASEMENT IN LANDS .IN 'THE NORFOLK of the Nav.y to convey to the Centrar of The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem NAVY YARD Georgia Railway Co. an· easement for pore. . The. bill will be passed-over. The bill (S. 221) to authorize the Sec railway purposes in certain Govern . Mr. GURNEY subsequently· said: M·r. retary of the Navy to grant and convey ment-owned lands situated in Bibb President, a little while ago, under ob to the Virginia Electric & Power Co. a County, Ga., which had been reported • jection by the senior Senator from North perpetual easement in two strips of land from the Committee on Armed Services, Dakota [Mr. LANGER), Calendar No. 17, comprising portions of the Norfolk Navy with an amendment, at the top of page Senate bill 276, was passed over. I have Yard, Portsmouth, Va., and for other ~. to strike out: since talked with the Senator from North purposes, was considered, ordered to. be ·sEc: - ~· Th~ said conve_yance s~1all be made Dakota and I am sure that. he is quite engrossed for a third reading, read the at no cost to-the grantee ~ Provided, Tha,t the well satisfied that there is nothing iri the third tim.e,.and.passed, as follows: grantee shall bear the expen-se of relo.cat bHI to which he now objects. Be it enacted,- etc., That the Secretary of ing fencing, gates, and . power poles now Mr. LANGER.- That is correct. wm the Navy be, and he is hereby, authorized to located on the land:·· · the Senator explain the bill 'for the sake grant and convey by quitclaim deed under And insert: of the· record? · · such con~iitions as ·he may approve, .to Vir Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, has the ginia Electric & Power Co.; a corporation or SEC. 2. The Secretary of the Navy shall re bill been referred to the Comptroller ganized and existing under and by virtue of quirAmericans of our time. No ap program of direct governmental purchase ·chance of getting concessions relative to praisal of this generation would be ade of all commodities to be imported. the export markets of any particular quate without a tribute to the greatness, Startine slowly at first, this technique countries if they know they will receive the kindness, and the goodness of 0. Max . has gafned tremendous momentum. the benefit of our new low tariff rates Gardner. Government buying of an entire quan regardless of any action they may take. RECIPROCAL TRADE AGREEMENTS tity of a product to be imported is now To give an obvious example: Argentina PROGRAM one of the principal means of carrying will not be inclined to make concessions on international trade. In a way, this to our exporters in any subsequent ne Mr. BUTLER. Mr. President, I have method may be a natural counterpart of gotiations if she can send us her sur spoken several times in the Senate on the marked trend toward socialism in pluses of meat, dairy products, grains, the so-called reci~rocal trade agree many, many countries. No matter what and wool at low rates of duty which we ments program and the negotiations soon Wt; rna~ think of this trend toward so may establish in agreements with Can to be conducted by the State Department cialism all over the world, we must face ada, Australia, New Zealand, and South at Geneva, Switzerland, with represent~ it as a fact. It is not likely that we can Africa. By giving away all our trading atives of 18 other countries, looking to change it. Great Britain, .herself, which stock at Geneva in agreements with these ward wholesale reduction of our syst.em used to be considered the home of free countries, it will probably be forever im of tariff protection. international trade conducted by private possible for us to secure concessions from In the past few days several stories individuals and corporations, is now one the Argentine. That is the practical way have appeared in the newspapers about of the leaders in the technique of gov in which this policy operates. certain changes in the procedure for · ernment mass buying. The commodities I know at least some of the arguments handling complaints of injury done which the British Government has been that are made for this policy. It is said under this program. To date, however, so buying include wool, meat, cocoa, tea, that we can guarantee our exporters an no official announcement has been made lumber, sugar, eggs, cheese, butter, cop equal chance in foreign markets with all by the State Department as . to these per, cotton, and wheat. other countries. Frankly, that state changes, and I am therefore withholding This tremendous change in the cus ment is not true, and it is not realistic. any comment on them for the time tomary methods of controlling interna We cannot guarantee any such thing to being. our exporters, and the State Department Today I wish to touch ·briefly on the tional trade has particular point in con n~ction with the use of the unconditional has not been able to make good on its so-called unconditional most-favored most-favored-nation policy of the State guaranties. Under present systems of nation feature of that program. Department. I shall attempt to explain quotas, exchange controls, and govern It is very important in considering the exactly what this policy means to us ment b~ing, it is too easy for the for tariff question to realize and bear in mind here in the United States of America. eign country to discriminate against us present-day world conditions. When the Ii.. each of the trade agreements nego in ways that defy proof. As a practical whole free-trade theory of the econo tiated or in other trade · treaties with matter, we do not even know whether we mists was first worked out-in fact when the countries concerned, our country are being discriminated against. When the whole low-tariff theory of the Demo guarantees unconditionally to grant to Britain contracted to secure most of her cratic Party was first worked out-we the other nation treatment at least equal wheat from Canada over the next 5 years faced a far different economic world to the treatment granted to the" most at a certain fixed price, was Britain dis from that which we face today. Until favored nation-the same treatment · criminating against us? No one can say the First World War, the usual method granted to every other nation, in other for sure. of trade regulation for almost all com words. That is another way of saying We do know for sure that if Canada modities, in almost every country, was a that the tariff duties charged on imports supplies this quantity of wheat to Brit simple system of tariffs . . International shall be the same to every country, ex ain, we shall not sell the British very trade, like domestic trade, was compara cept those discriminating against our much wheat. I believe that our wheat tively free from regulation in most coun export trade. Exceptions are made in farmers are much more interested in ac tries of the world. favor of Cuba and the Philippines, but tually selling wheat than they are in a Following the First World War, a great that is the general policy-namely, the paper guaranty against discrimination. change came over the systems of trade same tariff rate on the same item, no This particular deal is of unusual in ~egulation in many countries. During matter what country it may come from. terest because it will be recalled that at the twenties, many countries added a the time when the British and Canadian quota system to their other means. of Mr. President, please observe the effect trade agreements with this country were controlling imports. During the thirties, of this policy in connection with our duty negotiated in 1939, it was widely adver techniques of blocking exchange and per reductions. If we reduce the duty on cer tised that American farmers would be mitting particular import shipments only tain textile items, for example, in an able to compete for the British market on the basis of exchange licenses were agreement with Great Britain, we must for wheat on an exactly equal basis with adopted. A system of bilateral agree also permit imports of those same items Canada, Australia, and other countries. ments came into wide use, particularly from such countries as Germany, Japan, To obtain that supposedly valuable con in Europe and Latin America. By the and Italy to enter our markets at the cession to our wheat farmers, this coun terms of such agreements, each of the same low rates· of duty. If we reduce try made tremendo'\l.S reductions of duty two countries involved agreed to secure duties on items of glassware in an agree rates on textiles, leather goods, metal its supplies of a particular commodity ment with Belgium, we must permit the products, and dozens of other items. Al from the other party to the agreement. same items from Czechoslovakia to enter though it is obvious that we are not going Such agreements obviously leave out in . our markets at the same low rate. The to sell much wheat to Britain, the con the cold completely any third country British will receive the concessions that cessions that we made still stand. Now which has surpluses which it wishes to we make to the French, and the French we are going to negotiate with Britain market in the export trade. For will receive the concessions that we make again. Are we going to make still more example, if Britain makes · a direct deal to the British. Aside from the 18 nations conce~aSions, again to receive a paper with Canada to buy all her wheat from with which we are to negotiate at Ge promise that we might sell our wheat to Canada, there will not be much chance neva in April, there are many other im Britain? to sell any American wheat in the British portant trading nations, such as Sweden, I have done a lot of merchandising market. As a side remark at this point, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, and Argen during my 30 years in business before let me say that that is exactly what has tina. All those countries will receive the coming to the Senate. I found by ex happened since the making of the British benefit of any duty reductions we may perience that the way to sell grain or loan by the United States. I think we are make, although they make no concessions flour or anything else is to go to the man justified in assuming that the wheat pro in return. That is the effect of the State who has authority to buy and to sell him ducers of the United States are assisting Department's unconditional most-fa the idea of buying from me. A definite Great Britain and Canada in the disposal vored-nation policy, commitment from the British Govern of Canadian export wheat. In a practical way, this policy has not ment to purchase a certain quantity of Another new technique was introduced worked and will not work for the benefit our exportable surpluses. of cotton and on a grand s .c~le · by Sovi.et . ~u~sia, fQl:o ot our expo~"t trade, 1.1nder present world whe~t would be worth m.any times all the 892 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 7 promises of nondiscrimination we have chairman of any committee on the House DIRKSEN. of Illinois. provision for a received. side; and I do not want what I am about scientific. graduated. continued reduc Since I first began to call attention to to say to be construed as a criticism. tion. This is evidenced-and it could some of the discrepancies in our present Almost immediately after Congress not be evidenced in any better manner- foreign trade policies I have been called convened. and upon four difierent oc - by the testimony of Mr. Arthur Flem all sorts of names. I do not mind that casions since the convening of Congress, ming, the Republican member of the particularly; I am used to it. But I a certain gentleman bas. although he iS Civil Service Commission. which was have been charged with trying to wreck not a member of the House Commit given recently before the Senate Com our -program of reciprocity in trade rela tee on Civil Service. bla:._oned to the mittee on Civil Service. At that time, tions with the rest of the world. I a.m world that a million civil-service em Mr. Flemming stated, in response to a not opposed to reciprocity. On the con ployees are going to lose their jobs. This question by the Senator from Minnesota trary. I believe that reciprocity is what gentleman has never designated the de [Mr. THYE1, as follOws: we do not have and should have. I be partments from which these civil-service Mr. F'!.EMMING. Senator THYE, Senator lieve that if we make valuable conces employees are going to be taken. I do LANGER suggested ft mfght be helpful if I gave sions which will in fact give foreign not say that it is a demagogic state a very- brief pfcture to the committee, to bring countries additional markets. we shoulc ment. I do .not say that it bas been the committee up to date as far as the Ped gain, in turn, concessions which in fact, issued for the purpose of securing tor eral ' Employees' Pay Act is concerned. not in theory. give our exporters at least him a lot of publicity. as some civil-serv First of all, the committee might be inter ested in. having the over-all figure. equal benefits. I believe that we have may ice workers have alleged. This man We searched the bo.oks for- the period end enough good traders in America. to obtain be honest and sincere in his views. but . ing June aa. 1945. At that time- such concessions. if they are given the his attitude has already resulted in much opportunity. demoralization of the civil service. 1 should like every Senator to under The United States has been in exist For 6 years I have been a member stand the significance of these figures ence for quite a while now. We have of the Senate Committee on Civil Serv we had 3,'7'70,000 on the Federal pay ron. both found it possible to develop the manu ice. During that time, Mr. President, I inside and outside of the continental Unit ed facture of almost every type of indus have seen scores of men and women who States. trial goods and the production of almost have sacrificed thousands and thousands We have just received the tentative :figures every kind of agricultural product suited for the period ending December 30. 1946. of dollars in order to remain in tbe- pub These figures show we now have on the pay A to a temperate climate. system of lic service. For example. 1 have seen roil. both inside and outside of the conti moderate tarifi protection, plus coopera engineers who for years have been get nental United States. 2,286,900, or. in other tive trade relations with the rest of the ting the low ceiling provided by the laws words. a net decrease of 1,483,1 0. world, have helped to make our growth of tbis country. when they had been I thought the committee might like to have possible. The tremendous wealth of our offered salaries as high as $45.000 a year that over-an picture. home marltet for such things as auto in private industry. Today, Mr. Presi Tbe CHAIRMAN. Wbere were most of these mobiles has actually made it possible for dent, there are many employed in the decreases? our motor manufacturers to develop the Post Office Department who for years Mr. FLEMMlNG. 1 can give that to you also, Senator LANGER. mass-production methods that have have refused. salaries of more than For- the War Department there has been a. enabled them to expand into the export double what they are getting from the decrease from June 30, 1945, down to the trade. Government, offered to them by mail present time of 1,244,800. Our wealth and our strength have en order houses. We have men and women Senator CHAVEk. You are talking now of abled us to provide a market for billions doctors and nurses scattered from the civil personnel? of dollars' worth of goods from abroad. leper colonies of the warm Pacific to Mr. FLEMMING. That is right. both inside In addition to this market. we have also, the cold regions of Alaska. who have and outsfde or continental United States. and during the last few years, provided for both groups paid on an armual basis and turned down large salaries because of hourly employees to which there was refer eign countries with billions and billions their love for their country. Practically ence this morning. of dollars of loans and gifts-to enable every person who has made a study of In the Navy Department there !'..as been a them to stave off starvation and to re civil service knows that there are thou decrease of 375,700. build their economies. sands of Federal employees who have In the Veterans' Administration there has Mr. President. that is the record of the made Government work their life ca been an increase of 157,000, and for au of economic assistance we have already reers. and that they a.re proud of what these agencies a decrease of 99,'lOQ. That is given the rest of the world in recent years. they have accomplished~ just as I am a rough over-all picture. I do not believe anyone can say we have proud as I listen to the testimony of The committee might also be interested. in some of those who have sacrificed until, knowing, if you take the total employment not been generous. Now we are asked a: ~ of the present time. take the Navy Depart to infiict wholesale slashes in the tariff from a financial standpoint. it has hurt ment. War Department. Post Office. Depart protection on which many domestic in not only themselves but their families. ment, and Veterans• Administration. you have dustries depend. Such a radical change Our country won the recent World 7 percent of the total employment in these in our traditional policy deserves, at least, War because we had the best scientiSts, four: agencies of the Government. more consideration than it has received the best soldiers. the best know-how in A decrease of 74 percent. -to date. I am not opposed to any and those things that are· so essential to Senator LANGER referred to the personnel all tari:fJ reductions. Reductions, judi victory. We won it because of the ceiling provisions that have been included in ciously applied to tariffs on noncompeti loyalty of hundreds of thousands of em the last two pay bills. one known as the pay tive products, could undoubtedly serve a ployees who. time and time and time bill of 1945 and the other of 194.6. useful purpose in connection with mak again. worked long hours regardless of r is the 1a.ttex one that is operative at the ing bargains with other countries. But the time and regardless of the fact that present time which the committee will be I am opposed to wiping out, almost at one for a long time they did not receive primarily interested in. · · blow, the system that has made America overtime compensation in some of the In putting tbis particular provision in the great. I am opposed to one-sided dis departments. Under civil service. we pay roll in the two pay bills, at the sugges armament on our economic protection, had men and women who risked their tion of both Senator LANGER and Senator BYBD, the Congress said~ just as I am opposed to one-sided dis lives in research, just as much as did "With respect to the departments (other armament on the military side. the soldiers on land or the sailors on the than the Department of War and the Depart But PROGRAM AFFECTING CIVIL-SERVICE sea. today, Mr. President, some of ment of the Navy), establishments, and. agen EMPLOYEES these people are being hounded and cies (including Government-owned or con harassed, and harassed and hounded, be trolled corporations) in the executive branch, Mr. LANGER. Mr. President, as cause someone may consider it to be the Director shall so determine the numbers chairman of the Senate Committee on popular to say. "We are going to fire a of full-time civilian employees and the· man Civil Service, I feel it my duty reluctantly million employees." months of part-time employment on the to bring to the attention of the Senate The statement fs utterly senseless, basis of the relative needs of such depart a situation fraught with very serious ments, establi.sbments, and agencies for per when it is remembered that we already sonnel, that the aggregate number of such and what may prove to be alarming con have upon the statute books the Langer civilian employees (including the full time sequences. Far be it from me to criticize Byrd amendment and, as a result of the equivalent of man-months of part-time em any Member of <;ongress, particularly the magnificent _ work of Representative ployment) shall not exceed- 1947 CONGRESSIONA-L RECORD-SENATE 893 The Congress fixed the limit at that At that time it was estimated that the indiscriminate firing, but that so far as time- per diem employees· of the War and Navy De the Senate Committee on Civil Service is partments would be by June 30, 1947, up to concerned-and I believe so far as the 528,975 for the quarter beginning October 1, 289,307. It was also estimated that the Vet 1946; 501,771 for the quarter beginning Jan erans' Administration would be up to 165,000 Senate is concerned-the policy adopted uary 1, 1947; 474,567 for the quarter begin by June 30, 1947, and it was likewise est i by the Langer-Byrd amendment in the ning April 1, 1947; and 447,363 after June 30, mated that the Post Office Department would Senate and the Dirksen amendment in 1947. be 433,450. the House will be continued. "With respect to the Department of War These were the Bureau estimates and rep and the Department of the Navy, the Direc Furthermore, talk about cutting a mil resent t he best judgment of these agencies lion employees interferes seriously with tor shall so determine the numbers of civil of that time. ian employees (including the full-time equiv the recruiting of outstanding scientists alent af man-months of part-time employ If you add all of these figures you get a total employment of 1,167,220 and soon after for the Government's important scien ment) that at the earliest date practicable, tific laboratories. If a scientist wh.Q is but in no event later than J uly 1, 1947, the the pay bill was passed that figure was used quite extensively as a goal to which the Gov on the staff of a college or university is number shall not exceed 176,000 with respect approached by one of our Government to the Department of War, or 100,000 with ernment was working. respect to the Department of the Navy. I would like to call attention to the fact laboratories with an offer, very naturally "The numbers of employees- the Veterans' Administration was excluded he says, "Why should I leave a secure from the personnel ceilings. The estimate job and go to work for the Government, The Congress said- was that the Veterans' Administration would when I may be laid off the day after specified in this paragraph shall be regarded h ave by June 30, ' 1947, 165,000. Actually, as tomorrow?" In other words, talk of this as maximum numbers, and nothing herein of December 31, 1946, the Veterans' Admin istration has 220,377. So that you can see kind interferes seriously with the staff shall be construed to limit the authority of ing of the Government·~ highly impor the Director to establish lower aggregate that that particular estimate, as far as the numbers whenever, in his opinion, the num Veterans' Administration was concerned, was tant scientific laboratories. bers, so specified, are in excess of those neces a iow estimate. If the Congress wants to make sub sary for the proper and efficient exercise of In addition, there was an estimate of 433,- stantial cuts below the figures provided the authorized functions of the departments, 450 for the Post Office Department on Decem for in the Langer-Byrd amendment, the establishments, and agencies to which this ber 31, 1946, >.nd the number of employees thing for it to do is to make a careful subsection applies. The procedural provi of the Post Office Department was 457,574, also subsequent to the passage of the Fed examination of the functions of the Gov sions of subsection (b) of this section shall ernment and to say exactly what func be applicable with respect to determinations eral Employees' Pay Act ceiling provision. under this paragraph." The law stated that all of the agencies were tions it wants to eliminate. . That is the to be considered as _b,eing under the ceiling cnly way in which we can make sub The Congress provided further in the unless specifically exempted. stantial cuts in the number of persons law that it passed: The War Assets Administration was ex on the Federal pay roll. We cannot do empted and later on, and as of" December it by indulging in generalities to the ef "No provision of law heretofore or here 31, 1946, the War Assets Administration had after enacted authorizing the employment 56,5132 employees, so that is another group. fect that we are going arbitrarily to cut of personnel by, or appropriating funds off a million people and yet not touch for the compensation of personnel of, or con Mr. President, last year the Senate and any of the functions which Congress has ferring additional functions upon, any de the House Committees on Civil Service told the executive branch to carry out. partment, establishment, or agency, shall be met together, not one day, but month construed to authorize the employment of, Any western Senators who advocate or payment of compensation to, a greater after month, in the effort to do a scien reclamation and find they have a chance number of employees subject to this subsec tific job. The personnel of some depart to get it through the operation of vari tion than the number as determined by the ments, instead of being lowered, had ous projects can have those projects Director with respect to such department, been increased. I know I speak for every elimi,nated and abandoned, by having establishment, or agency from the provisions Senator upon this floor when I say that passed legislation to that effect. Per of this subsection, and any such employment not one of us would want to see the per sonally, I am opposed to it; I am for or payment not so authorized shall be sonnel of the Veterans' Administration deemed to be a violation of the provisions of reclamation and lots of it. If some section 3679 of the revised statute of the decreased. Nor is there a Senator upon Senators who are for REA, as I am, and United States." this floor who would not want a man who who believe, as I do, that every farm The law further states: has lost an arm or a leg or who is shell man and woman ought to have light and "The provisions of this subsection shall shocked or ill to get the very best treat power upon their farms and in their not apply with respect to employees whose ment in our hospitals. In the case of homes, would rather have some em basic compensation is fixed and adjusted other departments calm, careful investi from time to time in accordance with pre ployees fired than for the farmers to gation may show their persoimel should have the benefits of REA, they can get vailing rates by wage boards or similar ad be increased in order to secure efficiency ministrative authority serving the same pur rid of some employees, and they can do pose. The provisions of subparagraph (A) for the taxpayers of the country. The it now, but I want to serve notice that of paragraph ( 1) shall not apply with respect members of the Bureau of the Budget, I shall continue to fight for REA. If to officers and employees in the field service heads of various departments, some of some Senators feel that the veterans of the Post Office Department or to officers the best informed Senators and Repre are getting too good treatment...,....that a and employees of the Veterans' Administra sentatives have given this matter very man who has lost an arm or a leg or an tion, but shall apply with respect to officers careful study and thought. There is no and employees outside the United States eye is havin·g too many nurses-then whose compensation is fixed in accordance question that the personnel -of some de some of those who are fighting for a mil with the Classification Act of 1923, as amend partments will be very materially reduced lion less employees ought to come out in ed, and who are not excluded from the pro and brought down to prewar figures; and the open and say so. If some Senators visions of this section by the provision of that some war agencies will be entirely want an Army and Navy of the size it subsection (f). eliminated. "The provisions of subparagraph (B) of was in 1932, 1933, and 1934, they can get · paragraph ( 1) shall not apply with respect But the cry, "We are going to fire a . rid of hundreds of thousands of em to officers and employees outside the several million employees," has frightened thou ployees merely by having passed legisla States and the District of Columbia." sands of good, loyal, honest, hard-work tion to cut down the size of the Army and At·that time Congress di~ not feel 1t was ing, and necessary civil-service employees Navy Departments. wise to fix the ceiling on employment in so that they now feel they are not even Let those who want to dismiss a million the War and Navy Departments outside of ·going to get for themselves and their the United States. That is a provision of law civil-service employees list the depart that is now in effect and being administered families the security to which years and ments the personnel of which they wish by the Bureau of the Budget. years of hard work have entitled them. to have reduced. Let us look at this The committee may be interested in know From all over the country, we have been question realistically; instead of indulg ing at the time this provision was worked receiving telephone calls and messages ing in a lot of loose talk, let us get down out it was felt this would go up to June 30, stating that various departments are in to brass tacks, face facts, and be fair to 1947, and I will just give you a summary of it. danger of losing some of their best per the voters of the country respecting You will recall the figure for the classified employment of the War Department was 176,- sonnel and expressing their concern. measures submitted to the Congress by 000 and the Navy was 100,000 and for all other I make this statement in order that indicating when the yeas and nays are agencies 447,363. That gives you a ceiling these men and women may know that called in which of the various depart figure of 723,363. there is not going to be any wholesale, ments we want the personnel reduced. 894 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 7 Let me make one thing plain. Under TAX REDUCTION AND THE RESPONSI impose upon the American people. I the amendments to which I have re Bn.ITY OP THE REPUBLICAN PARTY wish to know what services they propose ferred, every useless. nonessential em Mr. MORSE. Mr. President. before I to dispense with. I wish to know on what ployee will be dispensed with. & reduc ask unanimous .consent to introduce into items the cuts are to be made. tions take place, those who received em the RECORD a letter from a constituent, In my judgment, every American citi ployment under the emergency of war I wish to commend the Senator from zen who is thinking in terms of the se will be remove::l from the- civil-service North Dakota £Mr. LANGER] for the curity of this country had better serve lists first; and true merit and honesty speech which he has just made on the notice on the Republican leaders now in service of the Government will con floor of the Senate. I trust that the that this is no time to make any substan tin.ue to be recognized. The policy of an leaders of my party will study the speech tial cut in the national-defense program. honest day's pay for an honest day•s work with great care because I think my party It simply would not be safe to do so. I will be continued. That is the theory has the responsibility of drawing a dis have yet to see any figures which indicate upon which civil service originally was tinction between a. tax saving through that we can make any such 20-percent established, and that is the theory under the elimination of unnecessary waste in tax reduction, as some Republican which it will continue to operate. government and savings brought about spokesmen have proposed, without cut BOOKER T. WASHINGTON MEMORIAL by the elimination.of unnecessary serv ting into that defense program. COIN ices of government and, on the other ' Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, hand. savings which woJ,lld be disastrous will the Senator yield? . Mr. BUCK. Mr. President, on behalf Mr. MORSE. I do nat yield at this of the District of Columbia. Booker T. if we made them at the cost of prevent ini a continuation of ade:quate defenses time. Washington memorial-coin headquar in this country a.nd construction of great Furthermore, Mr. President, I have ters, I desire to make a brief statement wealth-producing projects so sorely yet to see any proposal which would regarding this distinguished Ame:rican needed, if we are to have a stable econ produce any such tax reduction and still citizen in honor of whom the Seventy omy in the years ahead. I refer to such make it possible for us as a party to ninth Congress authorized the minting projects as McNary Dam and the great fulfill an important obligation to the of a commemorative 50-cent coin. flood-control, electric-power, and recla country, and that is to make a substan Booker T. Washington was a great mation projects of the West. tial payment on the national debt so American. Theodore Roosevelt has well that we can protect the value of the said of him that-- These are days for Lincoln Day speeches, and many spokesmen in my American doll~. I will not be a party For 20 years before his death he had been party will be making them. I heard a to any movement within my party which the most useful, as well as the most distin seeks to save tax dollars to the American guished, member of his race in the world, and couple of them last night in this city, and I regretted to find two great Re citizen but at the same time takes aut one of the most ust>ful, as well as the most of his pocket much greater sums of distinguished, of American citizens of any publican·leaders coming out with a blan race. ket endorsement of a straight across money by way of a depreciated dollar. the-board 20 percent tax reduction pro I believe that what we need to do as a Both white and Negro owed him much.· gram as a Republican program. I chal party i.s to make savings in Government A firm believer in industrial education lenge their right to speak for the rank wherever we can and apply those sav for his race, he built virtually by his own and-file Republicans of this country, be ings on the national debt. endeavor world-famous Tuskegee Insti One further point. and I shall be tute, which has trained thousands of his cause I do not believe that the rank and-file Republicans feel that now is the through, and then I shall be happy to race for a uselul place in society. His time for any such tax reduction as that, yield to the Senator from Wyoming. wisdom is never shown better than in the I think we also have an obligation as attitude he took as to the part the Negro which some leaders in my party are try ing to sell the country at this time. I do a party in the Congress of the United should play in politics. He said: not believe that we can have any such States to see to it that we go forward In my opinion, it is a fatal mistake to teach tax reduction without doing just the type with some great wealth-producing proj the young black man and the young white of damage to the economy of this country ects. The Senator from North Dakota man that the dominance of the white race has referred to one of them, such as the 1n the South rests upon any other basis than ot which the Senator from North Dakota has spoken today. I do not know of any REA. I serve notice now that I shall absolute justice to the weaker man. It is a watch with a searching eye any attempt mistake to cultivate in the mind of any indi formal formulation of a Republican tax Vidual or group of lndividua.Is the feeling reduction program as such. I am at a on the part of certam forces in the Con and belief that their happiness rests upon loss to understand why certain Republi gress of the United States to sacrifice the misery of someone else, or their wealth can leaders are seeking to give the public the great wealth-producing projects of. by the poverty of someone else. I do not the impression that their tax views are the West. sa sorely ·needed in the next advocate that the Negro make politics or the the views of the Republican Party. They few years if we are to develop a. sound holding of omce an important thing in his economy for the entire Nation. We life. I do urge, 1n the interests of !air play have received no such mandate either from the Republican Party or the Re must have such projects in the West if for everybody, that a. Negro who prepares we are to have an extension of the in himself in property, in intelligence. and in publican voters of this country. character to cast a. ballot, and desires to do so, I think it ought to be made clarion dustrial frontiers of America made should have the opportunity. available by the great natural resources ~ear that some of the Republicans in the of that section of the country and the At Harvard, in 1896, while conferring Congress of the United States who are speaking in behalf of a 20-pE;rcent devas great potential power resources which upon him the first honorary degree con .can be developed unless the tax reducers ferred by that university on a Negro, tating tax-reduction program do no.t who are talking about a 20-percent ta.x President Elliott said. "Teacher, wise speak for all the Republicans in the Con reduction program have their way in helper of his race. good servant of God gress. I am satisfied that they do nat cutting the development of just such • and country.'' speak for the rank a.nd :file of Republi great wealth-producing projects. The last session of Congress author can voters, because I believe that the Mr. LANGER. Mr. President. will the. ized the coining of a new half dollar people of this country recognize the great Senator yield? importance of our party; first, making honoring Booker T ~ Washington. On Mr. MORSE. I do nat yield at the February 28 the District of Columbia will secure the national defense; and second, moment. celebrate Booker T. Washington Day by making secure the stable value of the I think the time has eome for those of launching the sale of these coins. They American dollar. us in my party who do not believe in the will be sold for $1, as authorized by law, I am waiting for the specific program type of fiscal philosophy which we heard 50 cents of which will go to the memorial of tax reduction to which the Senator enunciated from the platform in this fund to build a specialized industrial from North Dakota referred in his speech, city last night by a ·great leader of our training school and shrine on the Wash when he challenged these self-appointed party-! refer to the Speaker of the ington birthplace in Franklin County, spokesmen of the Republican Party on House-and by some other Republican Va. taxes, to tell the American people just spokesmen. to carry this issue to the I hope and urge that. many will co what services they propose to cut. I am American people and have them speak operate· in this great and beneficial trib waiting for the specific program of budg very clearly to this party as to whether u~e to a real American. et cuts which the tax reducers seek to or not. they think we ought to save tax CONGRESSIO-NAL RECORD-SENATE 895 dollars in the manner ·pro-posed by· the --You ·know -that ·the social· security is no that -make; for ·these are times when we budget cutters or whether we ought · to good . for the folks in the now-65-year-old · ought to be willing to tell the people apply whatever savings we can make to brackets. Will there be any hope for a na tional old-age pension at this session of· what we believe the facts to be, irrespec the national debt so that we can have congress? · tive of political consequences-! think a sound and stable dollar. Yours truly,· we ought to point out to them that we We also have some great social respon J. MANN FISHER. did not take the profits out of the re sibilities to our· people to perform as a cent war. Today the United States is Government. If my party thi~ks for a Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, saturated with blood-money made out moment that on November 5, 1946, it re will the Senator from Oregon yield to of the war. I think we owe it to the men ceived a mandate to return· to a laissez me? who actually gave human bloool !.n sacri faire economy in this country; if my Mr. MORSE. I yield. fice for their country to see to it that a party thinks that big business got a . Mr. O'MAHONEY. The Senator from substantial proportion of the profits green light on November 5, and that it Oregon has been making a very good made out of the war now go by way of can return to its old practices of the American. speech. In my opinion, he is reasonable taxes as payments on the na laissez faire economy with · its exploita speaking the language of all of the people tional debt. I think that is .our· job as tion of human beings for profit dollars of the United States, and I have asked patriotic Members of the United States then I am satisfied that in i948 the voters him to yield in order that I might express Congress. By doing that, I tpink we shall of this country will make very clear to that opinion. pay proper tribute to the nien who made the Republican· Party that no .such man I have been giving considerable study, sacrifices to keep our form of capitalistic date was given in 1946. I say to the Senator, to the proposal of a economy secure in this country. Fur . Mr. President, in these critical times in flat 20-percent across-the-board reduc ther ·1 point out that the business our Nation's history there is a responsi tion in taxation, accompanied by the boom we will have for some years 'in this bility of re]Jublican government to see slashing of X billion dollars from the country will be a direct economic result to it that the Government protects the Budget. _ I find that it is impossible for of the war and the profits derived from economically weak from the exploitation anyone to give any consideration to those it should be taxed at reasonably high of the economically strong. I have said two proposals without coming to the con rates for payments on the war debt. that many times on the floor of the Sen clusion that the inevitable result will be I am perfectly willing to meet this tax ate, and I am going to say it many times the destruction of those very enterprises issue on the ground of whether we are again, because I think it is a very vital in the West for which the Senator from going to use such savings as·we can make principle of government. Hence, we do Oregon has just so eloquently spoken. out of economy in government to re have a responsibility, as a party and as One of the principal objects of this duce the national debt and protect our a· government, to see to it that some of Budget-reduction talk is to put an end to national securitY, or whether we are go the great wealth-producing projects that the Rural Electrification Administration ing to take the position that we should protect the economically weak and give and to put an end to public power. 'If return those savings to the pockets of the greater comfort to all of our people go that occurs, the public power which in people who now are best able to pay forward. The Republican Party does the great State of Oregon has done so substantial taxes. We cannot have have a responsibility of carrying forward much to build up private enterprise will either a costless war or a priceless peace sound social reforms that seek to pro be cut from under the feet of the people and we owe it to our people to tell them of Oregon and the people of all other so. My party should stop playing poli mote the greatest good for the greatest Western States. number within the framework of our I think it is tremendously important tics with this tax issue. private-property economy. that the Senator speak as forthrightly I close by saying that I do not know This particular letter which I ask to and as courageously as he does. what the Republican tax program is. I have incorporated in the RECORD as a The income-tax reduction of 20 per know of no Republican who knows what part of my remarks refers to one of those cent across the board would have the the Republican program is and can speak responsibilities, Mr. President. The effect only·of giving a pittance of reduc authoritatively for the party on the sub people want to know what the Congress tion to the economically oppressed and a ject. I am a little bit at a loss to un of the United States intends to do in this . tremendous reduction, measured in derstand the statements of some Repub session in regard to strengthening the thousands and hundreds of thousands of lican leaders who stand up and say that security of the aged. They wish to know dollars; to those who least need a reduc the Republican Party has pledged itself what pension program we seek to offer tion. But, more important than all that, to any 20 percent tax reduction program. them. Is the answer going to be, "Let. it would mean cutting down the ability It is rather interesting that anyone them take their chances with old age?" of this Government to pay off the na should appoint himself to speak for . the If that is to be our answer, I think we tional debt. With a debt of $260,000,- Republican Party and announce what its had better be ready to take our chances 000,000, I say to the Senator that if we tax program is. I know of no Republican in 1948. do not keep our tax revenues high while Party pledged to reduce taxes 20 percent. I, for one, feel that our social-security the people are capable of PaYing taxes, I say that as a Congress and as indi system needs to be- broadened· so- as to we shall endanger the payment---of the vidual. Members of the Congress. we do· give greater security to those classes of national debt; and when that danger is have a duty.. and a responsibility to take workers of low and moderate. income not brought·before us, we shall be-endanger the fiscal facts about our Government ~to . now covered by it and' so as to remove ing the entire system of private property: the people of . this Nation. IL we do, I the fear of want in old age from our. Capitalism has no defense unless it be think we shall hear from the country. I. people. My party must practice as well defended in the United States of Amer think the people of this country will tell as profess the four freedoms. ica. Those leaders who talk now about us in plain terms, which we cannot dis I now ask unanimous consent to have tax reduction, while they pay little at pute, that they want us, first, to keep our the letter to which I ·have referred tention to the constructive expenditures Nation secure; second, that they want us printed in the RECORD, as a· part o:L my of Government and to the effect upon to make whatever savings we can in the remarks. the-- national debt, are poor servants of administration of government; third, There being no objection,_ the lett.el' the principle of capitalism. that they want us to apply those savings was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I thank to the national debt, so that as the re as follows: the Senator from Wyoming. I certainly sult we shall have a sound dollar; fourth PORTLAND, OREG., January 23, 1947. share his views. that they want us to go forward with -Hon. WAYNE MORSE, I have only one more point, Mr. Pres sound social and economic,pr6jects that Washington, D. C. ident, and then I am through. will promote the greatest good for the DEAR SENATOR: I see by the Oregonian that ' I think we ought to face the fact that greatest number of our people. the Senator,s and Congressmen are now draw there has never been a time in ma)1y Mr. LANGER. . Mr. President, I wish ing their fat pension which was voted them years in the history of this country when to thank the Senator from Oregon [Mr. in the last Congress. the people were in a better position MoRSE] for his commendation of what There would not be any service men and I said a few moments ago relative to women if it had not been for their· fathers through taxes to pay a substantial sum and mothers. How about a national old-age on the national debt. I think we ought the arbitrary discharge of 1,000,000 Fed pension for them.? Are they not deserving of to recognize, furthermore-it may not be eral employees. I wish to say that I some consideration? politic to say it, but what difference does appreciate his commendation, coming, as 896 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY -7 it does, from so distinguished a man who as· a large deficit for the current year, Mr. TOBEY. I ·shall do whatever the has made such a fine progressive record it looks to me as if, instead of having Senator from Washington wishes about during the few short years he has been Hannegan boom Truman for reelection, it. upon this :floor. · Truman ha'd better be searching around · The-ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem Personally, I wish to serve notice now the country to find a more competent pore. The question is, Will the· Senate that in my opinion when the fight begins Postmaster General to conduct the Post advise and consent to this nomination? for the 20-percent cut in taxes, the dis Office Department. Certainly if the Mr. CAIN. Mr. President, I should tinguished Senator from Oregon will find President is beginning a reelection cam like to make a very short statement in fighting with him, shoulder to shoulder, paign, he should begin it within a civic regard to the proposed confirmation of upon this floor, many Republicans, espe group in the United States, rather than the nomination of Mr. Dillon Myer to be cially those from the West; and, I am with civil-service postal employees of Administrator of the Federal Public happy to say, some from the East, who, the United States Government. Housing Authority. I have no possible under his guidance and leadership, will EXECUTIVE S;ESSION desire to be disrespectful to any member be here to see to it that reclamation proj of the committee having jurisdiction over ects and the Rural Electrification Ad Mr. WHITE; I move that the Senate the nomination, because I have a very ministration are not ·taken out of the proceed to the consideration of executive high regard for the opinions of the mem life of this Nation. business. bers of the committee. However, out of The motion was agreed to; and- the a deep-seated conviction that the FPHA ACTIVITIES OF THE POSTMASTER Senate proceeded to the consideration of is today pursuing policies which are GENERAL executive business. · detrimental to the best interests of the Mr. BRIDGES. Mr. President, in to EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED people of the United States, I wish to day's Washington Times-Herald there make it plain and certain that it is not appears an article with the heading "Tru · The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem within my power to vote for the con man boom made official by Hannegan." pore. The Chair lays before the Senate firmation of Mr. Dillon Myer as Admin In the story, which.carries a New York messages from the J;»resident of the United States submitting nominations, istrator of the FPHA. date line·of February 6, it is stated that It goes ·without saying that there fs Democratic National Chairman Hanne which will be referred to the appropriate nothing personal in my opposition to the gan, in speaking before a group of civil committees. nomination of Mr. Myer. Until first he service postal employees at a dinner at · Vermont Mr. CAIN. Mr. President, I should the nomination then, under the rule, [Mr. FLANDERS], who approved my pro like to respond to the Senator from New went on the Executive Calendar of the posed action, and the Senator from Hampshire. I think it probably impor Senate, I having reported the nomina Washington [Mr. CAIN], who also ap tant that the Senate know around which tion for the committee. The nomination proved, and said he had made his fight questions the argument concerning Mr. reposed on the calendar from that day and was through. I therefore took the Dillon Myer's appointment revolve. I to the next meeting day, when I sup floor and asked that the rule be sus am satisfied that we are going to hear posed it would be confirmed, on a pro pended and that the nominee be con more about it sooner or later. I think forma vote by the Senate, without any firmed in view of the facts. I had first it proper to pose several questions at the controversy, because there h ad been such talked with the Parliamentarian, who moment for the consideration and reflec a unanimous vote in the committee. I confirmed that there was nothing un- · tion of all Senators ·present. was not in the Chamber when the execu usual about the procedure. The junior There is an act known as the Lanham tive session was held on that day. To my Senator from Ohio [Mr. BRICKER] was Act. It was passed during the early part surprise, the next morning the Senator in the chair at the time. The Senator of the war to make possible the construc from Indiana £Mr. CAPEH!\RT] telephoned from Nebr aska [Mr. WHERRY] offered tion of defense houses in those areas me that the day before he had asked objection to the unanimous-consent re where private enterprise was not in a that the nomination go over. I asked quest, so the nomination again went over. position to build the houses in sufficient him why. He said he had done so be Today the Committee on Banking and numberS to accommodate the demand. cause some Legionnaires, 9 or 10 in Currency met again to consider the That act, like any other act, includes number, who had made a study of hous nomination of Mr. Dillon Myer for the many rules and regulations, some re ing in various sections of the country, third time, and the able Senator from strictions and . some prohibitions and and particularly of public housing, had Washington came before us with mate some encouragements to go in different said to him that there had. been serious rial which he had received from certain directions, but among other things-and mismanagement of the low-cost housing authorities here in Washington, some to me this has always been important in situation, and that many persons with data and some statements and commu connection with the Lanham Act-there low incomes had been unable to obtain nications charging bad faith on the part is this phrase with reference to the dis adequate low-cost housing. The Sena of the nominee in his statements to the position of the houses which were per tor from Indiana was opposed to the committee, and so forth, which made manently constructed at considerable appointment of the man because these him feel that Mr. Myer was not a desir cost in the early part of the war. namely, customs had prev-ailed. He . asked that able appointee. . that they should be disposed of by sale, XCIII--57 898 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 7 provided that none of these permanent interest, and he had from 15 to 20 years · Mr. TOBEY. On the contrary, I units should be turned over to any public in which to pay it off. would inerely add in rebuttal, to sum or private agency for low-rent use unless The questions I have asked Mr. Dillon UP-and I say very gladly that I would specifically authorized by the Congress. Myer, which were not answered to my not impute any discourtesy .to the Sena I had not been too familiar with that satisfaction, were simply these: Are your tor, who I am sure acted from a sense prohibition, but in the course of the people throughout America encouraging of duty and responsibility as a Senator hearings on Mr. Myer's nomination I the disposition of permanent Lanham that three times the no"mination has was advised from the city from which Act projects for low-rent purposes? Are been before the committee; the first I came to Washington that an agent of you unduly stimulating and encouraging time, after an hour and a half, the vote Mr. Myer's, his regional director, having the development of mutual and coopera in favor was unanimous; on the second offices in the city of Seattle, had gone . tive housing trends in America, with occasion, after an hour and a half, the to the city of Tacoma, where they had which the Senate of the United States is vote was 8 to 2, and in the third instance, not expected his coming, and he had presently not familiar? after an hour, the vote was 8 to 1. said with reference to 400 units of per His answers to me on those questions Mr. CAIN. I beg the Senator's par manent pausing in that city, built under have been a fiat ''No." He said, "That don. the Lanham Act, "This is what I want is not our intention; that is not our pur- Mr. TOBEY. Go ahead, correct me if the people of Tacoma to do. I want you pose." · I am wrong. to sign a resolution memorializing Con But, gentlemen, to me, on a basis of Mr. CAIN. Merely in the interest of gress to make available these 400 perma the inconclusive, because brief, evidence accuracy; the vote this morning was 6 nent units of Lanham Act construction . that I have gotten within a very short to 1. We were losing members . for low-rent use, and, citizens of Ta period of time, I think that is precisely Mr. TOBEY. Since then two Sena coma," he said, "if you do not do it, what is going on. · tors, who had to leave the hearing, asked that their votes be recorded. these units will very promptly be sold." If the Senate can be saved the trouble, I was interested in that, and I became 2, 3, 4, or 5 weeks hence, by doing a piece Mr. CAIN. I thank the Senator. more interested in Mr. Dillon Myer, and, of corrective work, not tomorrow, but Mr. TOBEY. As I have stated, three like anyone else who had not known very today, I think it ought to be done, and votes have been taken, and I think the much about all this, I set to work to get Senator from Ohio [Mr .. BRICKER], who that has been my only interest and con was present, would not object to my re as much information as I could obtain. cern in this matter. Coming out of that information is a peating a statement he made to me. As conviction of my own that FPHA, I think probably it is proper to say he left the room, since he was about to through its regional directors and assist that Mr. Myer, in a hearing about 4 days leave for Ohio, he came over and said to ants in every region in America, is doing ago, was advised of my feelings about me, "I want to be recorded for him. I the very best it can, as rapidly and as these questions, as an individual Senator, am more in favor of him now than I was effectively as it can, to get as many and I used the name of a man whom I the last time." That was the statement American communities as possible to know and of whom I think highly as a of the Senator from Ohio to me, and the resolve in favor of taking over these very able individual, one of Dillon vote today was 8 to 1. permanent units for low-rent use. Myer's administrative assistants or re · I say in all candor, we make mistakes Mr. President, that doubt in my mind gional directors in the city of Seattle. about human nature, of course, but if I must be resolved. I think it has to be I said, "I think Mr. Epstein is doing this, know a· man, and a forthright one, that resolved "in the minds of many Members Mr. Myer, and this, and this, and this." man's name is Dillon Myer. of the Senate before very long. I do not He said, "I do not know that he is doing The ACTING PRESIDEN'i' pro tem know what we are going to do about it. it. I cannot be responsible for what goes pore. The question is, Will the Senate Perhaps we are going to think it is legiti on throughout this country by my advise and consent to the nomination of mate, but it is not legitimate for the agents; but I will find out." Today is Dillon S. Myer to be Administrator of the FPHA to call the hand of Cengress, par 4 days later. We have not had any com United States Housing Authority in the ticularly the Senate, which, so far as I munications from Mr. Dillon Myer, al National Housing Agency? know, is not remotely a ware of the exist though he said this morning he was The nomination was confirmed. ence of the problem. going to make certain to get the facts before very long. PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION, My curiosity was aroused, secondly, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA when there came into my hands certain But how, in goodness' name, can any directives which had been flowing one who has looked into a case which is The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem through and around and out of the vari so full of doubt and uncertainty, vote to pore. The clerk will state the next nomi ous regional FPHA offices, telling people confirm an individual who has been in nation on the Executive Calendar. who lived within these permanent Lan a:1 acting capacity for quite some time, The Chief Clerk read the nomination ham Act units all over America that it before the arguments in question are of James W. Lauderdale, of the District was much more to be desired that they resolved? of Columbia, to be a member of the Pub form a mutual cooperative corporation This is what is going to happen, I lic Utilities Commission of the District of than for them to consider buying these think: Mr. Dillon Myer, in pursuance Columbia for the remainder of the term houses as individuals in the private of his duties, is going to ask his regional expiring June 30, 1947. market. director in the city of Seattle to come The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem I was further interested and con back here and to say yes or no to these pore. Without objection, the nomination cerned because of the method of financ questions that have been posed, not is confirmed. ing. According to Mr. Myer's own testi only by myself but by at least one other, Mr. WHITE. Mr. President, I ask that mony, he said there is a difference-a and by most of the other Senators, and the President be notiijed immediately of positive difference-and he thought it if, when we get the answers, they con the action that has been taken. was quite proper, up until very recent firm my suspicions, I do not want to The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem days, if there was a desire on the part vote against the man, some time from pore. Without objection, the President of occupants to form a cooperative and now, that today in the face of my criti- will be so notified. get their hands on some of these Lan cisms I might vote for. . LEGl'SLATIVE SESSION ham Act permanent houses which the I say that doubts have been cast on act prescribes should be sold at full an important American problem, and it Mr. WHITE. Mr. President, I move value, they could do it by this method: serves absolutely no good purpose at all that the Senate resume the considera tion of legislative business. The mutual group to put down 5 per to confirm into a permanent position a The motion was agreed to; and the cent, to pay 3% percent interest, and man who, from my point of view, must Senate resumed the consideration of have 40 years in which to pay for the bear the responsibility of disproving legislative business. houses, the United States Government things which have been clearly developed to be their banker. and maintained in his presence. READING OF WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL But if an individual wanted to buy a I trust that the Senator from New ADDRESS Lanham Act house for himself, he did ·Hampshire [Mr. ToBEY] has not thought Mr. WHITE. Mr. President, I desire it by this method: He put down 20 per me discourteous in again presenting my to submit a unanimous-consent request. cent in cash, he paid from 4 to 5 percent point of ·view. Under a standing order of the _Senate the 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 899 President pro tempore of the Senate a NOMINATIONS Maj. Gen. Edward Peck Curtis (major, Air few d~ys ago designated the Senator Corps Reserve), Army of the United States. Executive nominations received by the Maj. Gen. William Joseph Donovan (colo from West Virginia [Mr. REVERCO:r.'lB] to Senate February 7, 1947: nel, Cavalry Reserve), Army of the United read Washington's Farewell Address to DIPLOMATIC AND FOREIGN SERVICE States. the Senate on February 22. Because of Paul T. CUlbertson, of Kansas, to be a For Maj. Gen. Thomas Francis Farrell (lleu the fact that the Senate will not be in eign Service officer of class 1 and a secretary tenant colonel, Corps of Engineers Reserve), session on that date, it being a Saturday, in the diplomatic service of the United States Army of the United States. unless the general progran is changed, I of America. Maj. Gen. Carl Raymond Gray, Jr. (colonel, make the following unanimous-consent The following-named persons to be Foreign Corps of Engineers Reserve) , Army of the request: Service officers of class 2 and secretaries in United States. I ask unanimous consent of the Senate the diplomatic service of the. United States Maj. Gen. Patrick Jay Hurley (colonel, In that the order heretofore entered desig of America: fantry Reserve) , Army of the United States. James F. Hodgson, of New York. Maj. Gen. Ralph Maxwell Immel! (briga nating the Senator from West Virginia Frederick B. Lyon, of Michigan. dier general, Adjutant General's Department, to read Washington's Farewell Address Livingston T. Merch!'Lnt, of New Jersey. National Guard of the United States), Army on February 22 next, be made applicable The following-named persons to be For- of the United States. to Friday, February 21, 1947. eign Service officers of class 3, consuls, and Maj. Gen. Harry Hubbard Johnson (lieu I may say in explanation that this secretaries in the diplomatic service of the tenant colonel, Cavalry, National Guard of suggested change from Saturday to Fri United St ates of America: the United States), Army of the United day has the complete approval of the Frederic P. Bartlett, of New York. St ates. Senator from West Virginia, who is to Robert G. Cleveland, of New York. Maj. Gen. Frank Edward Lowe (colonel, Eugene A. Gilmore, Jr., of Nebraska. Field Artillery Reserve), Army of the United read the Farewell Address, and it has also Jack A. McFall, of the District of Columbia. been brought to the attention of the States. Andreas G. Ronhovde, of Montana.. Maj. Gen. Cyrus Rowlett Smith, Army of· President pro tempore of the Senate, and E. Paul Tenney, of Washington. the United States. I believe has his approval. The following-named persons to be Foreign Maj. Gen. Edward White Smith (lieuten The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem Service officers of class 4, consuls, .and sec ant colonel, Field Artlllery Reserve), Army pore. Is there objection to the request retaries in the diplomatic service of the of the United States. United States of America: of the Senator from Maine"? The Chair Maj. Gen. Leif John Sverdrup, Army of the Robert L. Clifford, of Illinois. United· States. hears none, and it is so ordered. Edward T. Lampson·, of Connecticut. PRINTING OF FINAL REPORT OF SPECIAL Thomas C. lv.Iann, of Texas. To be bri.gad.ier generals CO~TTEE TO ~STIGATE PETRO Leslie L. Rood, of New Jersey. Brig. Gen. Donal::! Bennett Adams (lieu LEUM RESOURCES Henry W. Spielman, of Ok1ahoma. tenant colonel, Corps of Engineers Reserve) , Murat W. Williams, of Virginia. Army of the United States. Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, I William J. Porter, of Massachusetts, to be Brig. Gen. Julius Ochs Adler (colonel, In desire to announce that the final report a Foreign Service officer of class 5, a consul, fantry Reserve), Army of the United States. of the Special Senate Committee To In and a secretary in the diplomatic service of Brig. Gen. Wayne Russell Allen, Army of vestigate Petroleum Resources will go to the Unit ed States of America. the United States. press at the Government Printing Office Alfred P . Dennis, of Virginia, to be a For Brig. Gen. Frayne Baker (colonel, Infantry, eign Service officer of class 5, a vice consul within the next few days. The Super of career, and a secretary in t he d iplomatic Nat ional Guard of the United States), Army of the United States. intendent of Documents has advised me service of the United Stat es of America. that this report will be available to the The following-named persons to be For Brig. Gen. F. Trubee Davison (colonel, St aff public at 15 cents a copy. I am advised eign Service officers of class 6, vice consuls and Administrative Reserve), Army of the that Government agencies which may de of career, and secretaries in the diplomatic United Stat es. sire to obtain copies may order them service of the United States of America: Brig. Gen. Edward Arthur Evans (colonel, Joseph J. Jova, of New York. Coast Artillery Corps Reserve) , Army of the while the document is on the press, at a United States. cost of about $64.95 per thousand. I Richard B. Kline, of New York. Edward N. McCUlly, of Texas. Brig. Gen. Lawrence George Fritz (captain, make the announcement because there Raymond W. T. Pracht, of Illinois. Air Corps Reserve) , Army of the United has been considerable demand for copies Herbert S. Weast, of California. States. of the report. C. Hoyt Price, of Arkansas. Brig. den. Gene William Hall, Army of the The Subcommittee on P1inting of the Robert C. Wysong, of Indiana. United States. Committee on Rules and Administration UNITED STATES MARITIME COMMISSION Brig. Gen. Thomas Oates Hardin, Army or the United States. has been requested to approve the print Joseph K. Carson, Jr., of Oregon, to be a ing of '3,000 copies; 500 for the Senate Brig. Gen. Harold Ross Harris, Army of the member of the United States Maritime Com United States. document room, 500 for the House docu mission for the term expiring September 25, Brig. Gen. Rudolph Charles Kuldell, Army ment room, and 2,000 to be distributed to 1952. the list of those who have already ap of the United States. DISTRICT OF CoLUMBIA REDEVELOPMENT LAND Brig. Gen. Hanford MacNider (colonel, In plied to the special committee for copies. AGENCY fantry Reserve), Army of the United States. PROGRAM FOR THE COMING WEEK Mark Lansburgh, of the District of Co~um Brig. Gen. Timothy James Manning, Army ADJOURNMENT TO MONDAY bia, 'to be a member of the District of Colum of the United States. bia Redevelopment Land Agency for a term Brig. Gen. George Hamden Olmsted, Army Mr. WHITE. Mr. President, l desire of 5 years. of the United States. to make a very brief statement for the George A. Garrett, of the District of Co Brig. Gen. Charles Mervme Spofford, Army general information of Senators who lumbia, to be a member of the District of of the United States. may want to be absent from the Senate Columbia Redevelopment Land Agency for a Brig. Gen. Frederi'ck Smith Strong, Jr. at any time during the coming week. I term of 3 years. (colonel, Quartermaster Corps Reserve) , Army shall move later that the Senate adjourn APPOINT:MENT IN THE REGULAR ARMY OF THE of the United States. until Monday of next week. On Mon UNITED STATES Brig. Gen. L. Kemper Williams (colonel, day we will recess or adjourn until Tues TO BE PROFESSOR OF MECHANICS AT THE UNITED Infantry Reserve), Army of the United States. day. On Tuesday it is my purpose to STATES MILITARY ACADEMY, WITH RANK FROM Brig. Gen. Robert Wilbar Wilson (lieut en ask that the Senate stand in recess or DATE OF APPOINTMENT ant colonel, Field Artillery Reserve). Army of adjournment until Friday, February 14. Col. Kenneth David Nichols (major, Corps the United States. · It of Engineers), Army of the United States. Brig. Gen. Thomas Bayne Wilson, Army of is my hope that on Friday the 14th no the United States. business will be transacted unless by APPOINTMENTS IN THE OFFICERS' RESERVE unanimous consent, and that we shall CORPS OF THE ARliiY OF THE UNITED STATES CHEMICAL CORPS RESERVE then adjourn until Monday the 17th of To be lieutenant general To be brigadier general February. I make that statement for Lt. Gen. James Harold Doolittle, Army of Brig. Gen. Hugh Meglone Milton 2d (lieu the general information of the Senate. the United States. tenant colonel, . Chemtcal Corps Reserve), Army of the United States. I now move that the Senate adjourn To be major generals FINANCE DEPARTMENT RESERVE until 12 o'clock noon on Monday next. Maj. Gen. Victor Emile Bertrandias (ma The motion was agreed to; and JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL'S DEPARTME NT RESERVE ENSIGNS White, Thomas C. *Hendershot, Charles To be bri gadier general Adams, Joseph E., Jr. Johnston, Warren E. Whitehouse, William s. Brig. Gen. William Robert Clayton Mor Albright, Cletus A. Jones, Harry C. A., Jr. Herms, Ralph R. rison (major, Judge Advocate General's De Ambler, Robert F. Jorgensen, Cecil M. Wilson, Herbert B. *Herr, Donald L. partment Reserve), Army of the United Ashmead, Duffield 3d Kerr, John W. Adams, Robert E. Hodges, Richard H. Avant, John L. King, Herbert T. Arch, Theodore S. J. Hoffman, Raymond L. St ates. Armstrong, Russell I. Hoffner, James H. MEDICAL CORPS RESERVE Baker, Robert W. Kip, Phelps C. Barli, John, Jr. Klein, Harry J. Asbury, David A. Holm, Kenneth C. To be bri gadier generals Barrett, Milton J. Knoblock, Walter W. Athow, Robert F. Howell, Ralph T. Brig. Gen. St anhope Bayne-Janes (lieuten Barton, Lee s, Knox, Gordon L. Atkins, Robert E. *Huestis, Gerald S. ant colonel, Medical Corps Reserve), Army of Baumgartner, JamesKoch, Walter M. Baird, Harold J. *Hughes, Warren R. the United States. R , Lamberson, Don M. Barber, Lester W. *Hogg, James V. Brig . . Gen. Isidor Schwaner Ravdin (lieu Baxter, Denver F. Larsen, Orrin K. Bazler, Paul S., Jr. Jenkins, John W. tenant colonel, Medical Corps Reserve) , Army Beadle, Marvin L. Lawyer, John W., Jr. Bennett, Francis B. Johns, James G. of the United States. · Bell, Charles P. Lear, John R. *Benz, Robert P. Johnson, Garvis D. *Berger, Robert S. ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT RESERVE Berger, Eugene B. Lloyd, Marshall 0. Johnson, Philip W. Besel, Michael N., Jr. Karnes, Austin G. To be brigadier general Berry, John W. Lowrie, Robert G. Bonewits, Donald G. Malley, Francis E. Bjurback, Stanley N. *Kaul, Fredric H. Brig. Gen. Edward Samuel Gree~baum Bowen, John F. Maurer, Nelson H. Blackburn, James T. Keck, Carroll B. (lieutenant colonel, Ordnance Department Briggs, Claude M., 3d Mayer, WilliamS. Bowden:, Bill Keeley, Hugh M. Reserve), Army of the United States. Bright, George L., Jr. McCain, Howard G. *Bowie, James M. Keifert, Robert N. *Boyle, John J. QUARTERMASTER CORPS RESERVE Bryant, Franklin D: M;cCarthy, Florence W. Keller, Robert C. Braid, Herbert C. To be brigadier generals *Burke, Edmund, Jr. McGaw, Don~ld A. *Kenny, J!lmes P. Carter, William H. McGrady, James P., Jr. Brantley, Melvin H. Kimzey, John H. Brig. Gen. Georges Frederic Doriot (lieu Castrichine, Barthalo-McGrath, Donald E. Brennan, Nicholas I. King, John M. tenant colonel, Quartermaster Corps Re mew McGrath, William H. Brock, Robert J. Kozak, Norbert J. serve), Army of the United States. Cefaratti, Donald, Jr. Mcintyre, John J. Brown, Errington Kozluk, Walter ~rig. Gen. Bernhard Alfred Johnson (ma Chamberlin, Robert McLaughlin, Douglas Brown, Vernon L. Krebs, Edward C., Jr. jor, Quartermaster Corps Reserve), Army or Chambliss, Joe "E" C. Burks, Melvin L. *Labrum, Willard D. the United States. Cheverton, Robert E. McNair, Emmett T. Butler, Arthur P. Lammers, Lorin R. Brig. Gen. John Reed Kilpatrick (colonel, Christiansen, Ar- Mencin, Adolph Butler, John F'. Lampkin, Kenneth Cavalry Reserve), Army of the United-States. nold R. Meng, Edwin "L", Jr. Byrd, William V. "E", Jr. Baker, William G. SIGNAL CORPS RESERVE Clingan, George M. Michael, John F. La Roe, Edward T. ?amp.bell, Thomas M. Lasseter, Joe F., Jr. To be major general Cogshall, James H. Michael, Bernard E. Conerly, Tom B., Jr. Miller, Clark W. Carll~le, Geoffrey E. LeBreton, Guy J., Jr. Maj. Gen. William Henry Harrison, Army Connelly, James P. F. Mills, Ernest J. Challam, Leonard J. Lee, John w. of the United States. · Correll, Noble 0., Jr. Minnick, Harvey E. Chalmers. Norman E. Lerew John w Jr To be brigadier generals Cox, Warren M. Moore, Oswald M. Coli, Ch~r~es L. Leute: George M., jr. Brig. Gen. Carroll Owen Bickelhaupt Cravens, Harold L. Morris, Gene C. ?oak, Wilham E. Little, John B. (colonel, Signal Corps Reserve) , Army of the Debold, Joseph F. Morrison, James W. Cooke, Nelson M. Lorentson, Adrian V. United States. . · De Veas, Thomas E. Moyce, Murray A. ?ooper, ~l?yd F. Lowry, Allen W. Brig. Gen. Ephraim Franklin Jeffe, Army of Dickerson, Vincent M. Nissen, John C., Jr. Co~, Wilham R. Lucas, William E., 3d the United States. Dunn, Jack B. Noble, Lee V. Cram, Horace T. Ludwig David w Brig. Gen. Charles Eskridge Saltzman Duquette, Herbert E.,Offutt, Ray D. *C.riddle, Merdin C. *Lyngby, Alfred R.. -(lieutenant colonel, Signal Corps, National Jr. Olvey, Mervin L. Cnte_s, Jack 0. MacKay, Robert T. Guard of the United States), Army of the Eddy, Billy L. O'Rourke, Frank R. Cur~1s, Charles E., Jr. Manring, Alvin B. United St ates. Empey, Robert E. Pace, Robert D., Jr. Dav:s, John F. Martens, Theodore J. Brig. Gen. David Sarnoff (colonel, Signal Emrick, Merwin G. Pahl, Herschel A. Davis, Judson C., Jr. Mayer Nicholas J Corps Reserve) , Army of the United States. Ennis, Edw~rd J. Penney, Willoughby W. Delcamp, Michael s. McAd~ms Lee T · Brig. Gen. Samuel Morgan Thomas (major, Erickson, Jack L. Perry, Eugene R. Dempster, John T., Jr. McCabe Hugh T Jr Fisher, Hubert W. Pierucki, Ervin J. Deney, Leonard J., Jr. *McCarth J 0 hn:· F · Signal Corps Reserve), Army of the United *DeRoco Vernon J y, • States. Fitzgerald, David R. Planton, David N. Dooling, 'David · McCarthy, Thomas S. Forster, Robert M. *Pollak, Edward G. IN THE NAVY Downey, Harmon A. McClaugherty, Ber- Fosha, Charles E. Rains, David C. Drehobl, George F. • nard M. The following list of officers appointed to Foster, William I., Jr. Reed, William D. the ranks indicated in the lim• of the Navy: Dryer, Orville W. J. McEvoy, John W. Freudenberg, HaroldRichter, Alvin F. Dunkum, Hugh H., Jr.McKee, J<:>hn N. ( • Indicated officers to be designated for EDO W. Riddle, John W. Dunn, Richard J. McLaughlm, Burton J. and SDO subsequent to acceptance of ap Fromknecht, GeorgeRobert s, Levi J., Jr. *Ellis, Walter J. Meek, John P. pointment) W. Russell, John B. Epps John H Mellem, Ellsworth L. Galassi, Mario C. Salisbury, Harley G. Farr~ll Ted L. Miles, Kenneth N. LIEUTENANT COMMANDERS *Garay, Paul N. Scally, Francis W. Campbell, Douglas M. Fewel, 'James 'w. * ~iller, Ashton C. Gill, Ronald E. Schaefer, William W. Finnegan Paul F Miller, George W. •wood, Sanford B. D. Gillette, Keith F . Schatz, Clifford E. Ha;milton, George H. Foley, John J. · *Miller, Jack N. Gilman, Richard C. Searcy, John E., Jr. Fontinell Ernest W Miller, Loel R. LIEUTENANTS Gimpel, Herbert J. Seward, Joseph G. *Foote, ienneth c: : Miller, Otto C. •navis, Thomas M. *Pooler, Louis G. Glennon, Edmund Shaw, Joseph E. *Ford, William R. Monteath, Edward B. Fit ch, Robert A. · Price, Glennon G. Gniady, Edward Sheppard, William L. Fowler; William E. Moore, James I. *Bellinger, Lorentz D.Spangler, Earle S. Gorden, Oliver A. Sinnott, Myles R. Greenway, Victor Skon, Warren A. · Frketic, Louis J. Moore, John L. •Bon, Francis J. *Wallace, Thomas G. Gatlin, William A. Moore, Thomas H. *Lubelsky, Benjamin W. H. Smit h, J ack H. Griffin, Juel, Jr. Snider, Harold A. Gerhard, Harry "E", Moran, William J. L. Guh se, Donald E. Snipes, Rodney F. J r . *Mullane, Leo W. LIEUTENANTS (JUNIOR GRADE) Hammer, Lloyd A., Jr.spencer, Clyde M. Gibbons, Hugh E. Nabours, Laverne F. Duncan, Richard L. *Burtz, Charles R. Harden, Charles A. Stadter, George B. Gibbons, James G. Nolta, Cornelius V., Jr. *Read, Samuel H. P.,Eastwood, J ames A. Harmon, Alfred W. Stewart, Harold E. Girault, Norton R. Nolte, Miles H., Jr. Jt. *Grant, Everett A. Hathaway, Marvin F. s t u art; Robert L. Greene, William M. A.Norville, Robert W. • Allen, Arthur A. *Halloran, Edward R. Hayek, Paul A. Sullivan, Warren, Jr. Greenwell, J ack Nuernberger, Gale W. Arens, Carl E. Hewitt, John V. Hays, Robert C. Sundt, Robert K. Griese!, Vincent J. Ogle, Robert J. *Carnes, James R. Hotchkiss, Stuart T. Helsel, Kenneth D. Swanson, Ray J. *Griffing, Charles w. Oliver, Almon "P" *Chiles, Griffin *Owen, John Hennessey, Charles A.,Tanton, Paul W. *Harringt on, William ~' Schafer, William K. Grubbs, Thomas A., Olson, Edwin G. Jr. Taylor, Halton H. Jr. Ostensoe, Orner C. F. *Smith, Stuart C. Holmes, Robert A., 3d Taylor, Harry B. *McCrackin, Otho E. Swenson, Harold R. Gustaferro, Joseph F.Ottea, Mathias M., Jr. *Meads, Leo J. *Wardlow, Harold V. Holmes, Robert E. Teague, Marx M. *Hall, George M. *Ot to, Clarence E. *Veverka, Rudolph E. *Evans, Frank W., Jr. Holzrichter, Max A. Thorne, Fred H. Hampton, Warren J. Packer, Samuel H. Berrey, Julius M. Merrick, Richard C. Horton, William P. 'I·hornell, Enos Harlan, James L. Page, Robert L. Bishop, Edward W. Moureau, Ralph H. Howard, Garnett "E" Torbett, Jack Harper, Charles L. Paterson, Donald P. *Concannon, Charles *Ogden, Herbert L. Ireland, Joe N. Twomey, Paul P. Harris, David D. *Pattison, William J. F. *Seiler, Donald W. !sen, Forester W. Tyler, Claude L. Harris, Ernest C., Jr. Patton, Peter G. *Hartung, Walter P. Caffey, Kenneth W. Iverson, Halvor Wall, Charles G. Hebert, Ernest P. Peters, Bruen H. *Adams, John Q. Condit, James W. Jessee, Jack W. Wentz, Charles A. Hemmingsen, CharlesPaynter, Thomas G. *Barnwell, John J. Schmidt, RusSell J. Johnson, William R. Wenz, Carl R., Jr. J. · Phillips, Howard E. 1947 ' CONGRESSiONAL RECORD-SENATE 901 Potter, Robert' B. Browning, Robert B. Loveland, Charl-es F. Broman, Clifford G. Lockwood, Burton G. Solonchak, William Pruett, James W. Buescher, Homer V. Lowe, Claude 0. *Brooks, Tilden L. Longley, Wilbur E. Stack, Martin J. Ramseyer, William F., *Burns, William L. MacMurdo, Charles *Brough, James A. Lowe, Grady H. Stallings, Wilbur L. Jr. Burr, Robert M. Marshall, Scott w. Browning, Benjamin MacFarlane, Arthur S.Stark, Kenneth J. Randolph, John B. Burton, Lester H. Mayer, Albert J. H., Jr. MacKenzie, James B. Steffen, Edward J. Ransford, Clyde E. Butcher, Cecil 0. Mayhew, Myron A. Bryan, Roland T. Mackey, Wendell C. . Steinkellner, Robert Rasmussen, Merwin E. *Campbell, Donald C. Maynard, Vincent D., *Burum, Roger L. Maddox, James W. H. Ray, Charles E. Carroll, Eugene J., Jr. Jr. *Butler, Thomas E. Mallonee, Gordon L. Stephenson, Jack L. Read, Robert B. Chaky, Emil · McKeel, Alonza B., Jr.Cah1ll, Joseph H. Maltby, Adin J., Jr. Stone, William A. *Reeves, Carl G. *Chapman, Arthur S. McNair, William D. Caire, Albert D. Mark, Robert B. Stork, Nathan L. Richardson, Charles C. *Chesky, Kaz P. *Meinsler, Edward F.,Callahan, George E. Martin, Charles E. Sullivan, William H. L. Rinlt, Victor B. *Chirillo, Louis D. Jr. Card, Fred S., Jr. McCabe, Robert E. Swagert, Everett D. Robinson, Charles D. Clarke, Robert D. Miskill, Donald K. Carter, Otis D. McCallon, Victor L. Sweet, Clifford D., Jr. Rogers, Leo J. Coad, Richard J. Murray, Royal C., Jr. Cerstvik, Milan S. McCormick, Robert W. Thielges, James M. Rubinow, Sydney G., Condor, Bernard Nelson, James D. *Clarke, Samuel R. McGovern, William *Thomas, Randolph Jr · Cooley, Benjamin C., Norrington, William *Cochran, Elvin P., Jr. Mcintyre, Edward L. G. *Ryan, Richard E. Jr. E., Jr. *Callender, Edward H . McKillop, Harvey E., Thompson, Arthur E. Ryce, Clarence 0. Cos, Grant A. *Olivari, Louis *Connolly, Daniel E. Jr. Thompson, Harry M. Sanderson, Harold M. Cress, Warren D. Orcutt, Robert E. Courtin, Robert E., Jr. McKnight, George W. *Toll, John S. Schoggen, Phil H. Cullen, Patrick 0. *Page, James C. *Cykler, John. F. McMullen, Birton E. Tomlinson, Orville L. Searle, Willard F., Jr.curtis, Theodore E. Pefley, John W. Davis, Byron E. McMurray, Samuel F. Toole, Warren K. Seeber, James W. Davidson, John R. Pels, John H. Davis, Henry C. *Mereness, Robert H. Vaa, Norman A. Severin, Clifford E. Davis, William ·R. Piatek, Joh? _A. De Benham, Robert W Miles, Ross E., Jr. Vogler, William H., 2d Shakshober, MacLean Delmanowski, Ernest Randell, W1lllam D. De Bard, Robert K. Miller, Charles J. Wall, James R. C. F. ~ayner, Donald E. Deering, Harold J. *Miller, Melvin A. *Wallace, Edwin H. · *Shaver, Robert G. Datamble, Paul A., Jr. Reed, Jam_es T. Deltchman, Vincent Miller, Ned *Walruff, Charles A. Sherman, Frank E. Dew, Donald F. R~mon~. Hillary F. Eaton, John M., Jr. Ming, RobertS. *Wannamak·er, Them- *Sherman, Roger J. *Dickman, Robert H. R1ce, Lmcoln P. Edmisten, William H. Mitchell, George A. as M. Sherwood, Charles Dierks, D. J. R~chards, Floyd D. Edmonson, Edgar T. Moore, Sam H. Weible, Robert C. Shuett, Donald W. mze, Melvin w. Riker, Alden S. *Edwards Horace L Moran, William F. Wheeler, Richard F. Simmons, Mitchell M. Doescher, Walter W., Robinson, Gerald "A" *Evans Henry L . *Moroney, John D. White, Robert E. Smith, Allen M. Jr. Robinson, Richard L. *Fair, Thomas F:, Jr. Morris, Floyd R. "'Whyte, John E. Smithey, Thurman E. Edwards, William E. Schall, Rodney F. Felsberg, Alfred T. Morris, James W. Wiggins, Samuel P. Spencer, Frank 0. Emerson, Allan L. Schaumburg, Dale P. Fielder Herbert H Moyers, Layman D. Williams, Carl H. Stafford, Edward P. Enquist, Edwin R. Schlecht, Max A. Flory, Edwin B. · Mukhalian, Zaven *Williams, Guy R. Staiger, Hugh K. Erickson, Ernest 0. Seaman, George H. *Flynn, Daniel Mulholland, WilliamWilson, Marshall W. Sharp, Wallace E. Forman, Richard E. St~nley, Henry T., Jr. Ernesti, John H. P. . Wood, Harold D. Steinmeyer: Lloyd R. Faulconer, Douglas "J" S~ettler,. Waite~ R. Foxworthy, John P. Murphy, Arthur C. Wollam, Raymond L. S~monelll, Orazw Friedman, Malcolm C Needham, Theodore P.Achberger, Eldon E. Stewart, Clifford L. Fleming, William W. Sims, James H. *G D ld L Strickland, Eugene C. *Ford James·W Slasinski, Floyd M. arver, . on~ · *Neeley, William E. Ackerman, James D. Sutherland, James w.Foste~. William G. *Smith, Carl T. Gaw, BenJa_m:n D. . Newman, John R. Adams, Thomas H. Sweet, Robert R. Fox, Floyd E. Smits, Cornelius J., Jr. Geddes, Wll~Iarr;, ~- Norelius, Roy A. Ba:mowsky, Clarence Swint, George, 3d Frees, Norman W., Jr. "'Sobczyk Eugene Green, Maunce F Oliver, John D. J., Jr. Tall, Harold R. *Furnas Wendell J. Spahr, H~rman G. Groesch, John W. *Parisian, Richard W.Barnett, Gene A. *Tessin, William Garbler 'Paul Stamm, Charles C. Haisten, Frank D. Parramore, Douglas G.Beatty, John W. Thomas, Robert H. Gard, J~hn G. Stanczyk, Stanley L. Hansen, Dale V. Partlow, George L. Bennett, William 0. Thompson, R?b_ert J · Gillen, Earle C. · Stephens Alvis H Hansen, Henry J., Jr. Parzych, Henry M. Bernard, Harry, Jr. _Thompson, Wilham M. Gladstone, Willi:=tm G. Stewart, Charles M. Hartsell, Harr~ V., Jr. Petersen, Chester L. Binder, Martin Jr. Gladwell, Paul F. Taneyhill Paul "A" Hawley, Maurice V. Peterson, Robert F. Bird, Noel V. *Thomson, Fred R. Goddard, Hollis Jr ' '*Heagy, Daniel W. Phillips, Douglas G. Bolger, Robert J., Jr. Thornton, Jack H. Gorman John V Theien, Robert H. He?gepeth, Ch~rles H. Pietrowski, Edward Bowman, Millard G. · Timmer, Berilard W. Granat 'Arnold M Towne, Thomas w. Heiken, Fredenck c. L. F. Brill, Harry K. Tobin, Lo?1~ J . GreenV.:ood, Thom~s E. Trotter, William R. Hellickson, Aaron J. Powell, Edwin H. Brock, Marvin A. Tobin, Wilham F., Jr. *Griffin, Harry K., Jr. *Vann, Isaiah M., Jr. 'Henson, John· H. Presson, Herman W. Broolts, Richard I., Jr. Tracey, Wal~e~ Grigsby, Hubert C. Walker, Jack A. Heron, James J. Pruski, Leonard Burkholder John ;urnbull, ~Illlam 0. Gross, Seymour G. *Walsh, William J. H~s .. Paul W. Purcell, Charles J . Campbell, Kenneth *Turner, Fila H. Haithcock, June D., Jr. Warton, John F. H~ggms, Ethan B. Purcell, Kenneth E. Canney, Frank C. Van Ohlen, John Halub Raymond Weaver Marvin V. Jr.Higley, Warren A. Randle, David D. Chabot, James V. *Wadewitz, Walter F. Handlin, Daniel W. weeks, 'George R. ' "'Hitz, Frederick w., Jr. Randle, Jack Cleland, Henry G., Jr. Walsh, Thomas J. Hansen Herman C Welty, Jack w. Hodnett, Richard C. *Rapp, Lawrence B. Corbett, Marshall J. *Weisenberg, Joseph Herb, J~mes W. · Whittle, Claude B. Hoerath, John R. Reiland, Ronald R. Coyle, John J., Jr. 0. Hewitt, Floyd Wicker, David A. Hoffman, Burt A. Roberts, Lester B. Crawford, Nathan P. Welge, Leslie A. *Holcomb John W Wilcox, Charles E. Hoke, R,obert W. Roberts, Perry Custer, Robert E. *Wesper, Willis H. *Jacobus 'Neal . Wiles, Alfred B. Hricinak, Michael D. Robinson, Edward M. *Daniel, Charles L. Wessel, Robert L. Johnson' Frank E Wiskirchen, Richard L.Hubbard, Edward R. Robison, Charles w. Danta, Robert C. White, Rue W. ' · Woods, Kenneth G. *Hurd, Ernest L., Jr. "'Roddy, William T. *Ditch, William E .. Whiteman, Stephen J. Jones, Warren M. Woody, Ellis A. . *Hutchison, Earle G. Rosegrant, Angelo J., Dodson, Robert B. *Wicker, Whiting ~adel, Frank E. *Wroblewski, SigmundJablonski, Felix J. Jr. Dolan, Owen F. *Wiederspahn, Wil- KK~l~e~, LMeo N. R v. *Jenkins, James E. *Roth, Richard H. Doran, George T., Jr. lard H an z y, yron . Young, Lawrence L., *Johnson, Carl E. *Roth, William J., Jr. Dunn, George G. Wiegand: Robert A. Keith, H_ugh E. Jr. Johnson, Terry J. Rowe, Harrie J. Dunton, Stanley W. *Wilburn, William C., Kelly, Giles M. *Ziegler, George F. Jones, Arthur W,. Russell, Charles E. Easley, David E. Jr Kest, narold W. Adler, William C., Jr. Karlsven, George J. Rust, Dorvan T. Eberly, Paul A. Willls "P" "M" Kidd, Robert A. Aichele, Sylvester S. *Katz, Saul Ryan, George G. Euster, Jerold P: Wilso~. Richard J. Kirley, Thomas J. Aldridge, Ivers F. *Keatts, John C., Jr. Sackett, Albert M'. Everett, Travis E. Wood, William M. Kleffner, Frank P. Allen, Homer H. "'Kenney, Paul G. Schaer, Frederick D. Eyring, Joseph R. Wright, Graydon D. Klockenkemper, Jo- *Allen, Kirke M. Kessler, Roy J. Scheer, Lawrence~- ·Farren, William J. Zangel, Howard C. seph B. . Anderson, Charles 0 , Kilroy, Richard F. Schirmer, Adolph c. Finnigan, Robert J. Abrams, Robert c. Knueven, William H. Anderson, Lloyd F. Klym, Charles S. Schoenfeld, John R. Foy, George E. *Adair Lallance A. Koberg, Donald R. Baldwin, Thomas B.,Koepcke, W1lliam W. Schub Walter J. Frank, Irwin W. Arnold: Lemuel H. Kova:nic, Francis "J" Jr. Kohman, Robert N. •selm~n. Richard J . Frankiewicz, Edward Atcheson, George, 3d KruzlCk, George F. *Banister, Montgom-Kroencke, W1lliam H. Setterholm, Ralph G. J. *Baird, Lawrence I. Landtroop, Joe M. ery *Lagle, Robert D. Shaw, Arthur E. Garbarino, Andrew W., Beauboue!, James A Langevin, Gerald J. Beadles, Joseph W. Lamar, William w., Jr. Sherwin, Robert W. Jr. *Benassi, Dominic A. Largess, Clifton R., Jr. Bell, William B. Lang, Donald A. Sims, Clifford L., Jr. *~ibbons, John P. Beydler, Warren H. Leeds, Walter V. Berg, Leonard J. Larkin, Pauls. *Sisk Francis J. Gilbert, Glen w. Bill, Wells R., Jr. Lindbloom, Nils W. *Berquist, Paul Lawton, Richard C. Smith, Floyd E. Glore, William G. Bivins, William "F" :Lindquist, Dean H. Betz, Merle E. Leib, James M. Smith, Rush s. Graham, Mac A. Blade~ Charles p Line, Bryant W. Beumer, Everett H. Lincoln, John L., 4th Smith, Wallace E. Gramling, Alfred S. Boyki~. James o. · Lloyd, James F. Boland, Thomas G. Little, James w. Smith, Welborn.H. Gregory, Lyman E. Brooks, Bailey F·.; Jr, Locke, Robert P.' *Bradbury, Malcolm J Lobbregt, RObert B, Smith, William K. Grove, Leo H. Brown, Robert H., Jr. Long, David A. Brite, Murre! C. Lockhart, James A. Sokoloff, Norman Groves, John G., Jr. 902 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~SENATE FEBRUARY 7
Halwachs, Alois W. Sinclair, Thomas L. Green, Harold G. Poynter, Lewis L. The following-named officers to the grade~ Hargap, Ge.orge B., Jr.Smith, Walter R. "'Grifh\'1, Donald Ranzau, Walter W. and ranks indicated in the Supply Corps of Harlander, Douglas G.Spann, Willis L. *Gunth~r. Thomas M.Redmayne, Richard B. the Navy: Hart, Felix E., Jr. Sperandio, Joseph L. Haden, 'l'urner R. Redwine, "W" "J" ASSISTANT PAYMASTERS WITH THE RANK OF Hatch, Vyrl S. *Steffen, Ernest W. Hagler, Bmy E. Reynolds, Clifford G. LIEUTENANT (JUNIOR GRADE) Hawkins, Rex "E" Still, Raymond G. Hargrave, W}.J.liam R. Rhodes, William B. Amdahl, Olaf K. Lee, Andrew W. Hays, Lyle R. Storseth, Robert P. · Harvey, Jame~ H., Jr.Riley, Horace, Jr. Heile, Donald H. Sullivan, Richard P. Herman, William M. *Roberts, John C., Jr. Crull, Ford R. Heck, Charles B. Hershey, Kirk *Sweeny, Wilson J. Hesse, Theodore S. Rockwell, Kenneth L. Roberts, Thomas C., LaBonte, Charles L. *Heyl, James Tarrant, Bernerd R. Hines, William M. *Root, Thomas B. Jr. Thompson, Louis A., Hickman, Marion E. Taylor, Robert V. Hoeft, Edward G. Rowe, Donald E. Cates, William E. Jr. Hicks, Richard J. Ternasky, Eugene F. Hol'Qrook, James G. Rushin, '1'homas E. Kaufman, Frederick Hill, Robert A. Hiller, Raymond H. Thigpen, Francis Y. Hollingsworth, RobertRussell, George A., Jr. A. Ratcliffe, Russell S. Hudspeth, William L. Thomas, Charles M., J. Ryan, Eugene P. ASSISTANT PAYMASTERS WITH THE RANK Hylind, Kenneth G. Jr. Humphrey, George S.,Ryner, Evan H. OF ENSIGN Jacobs, Ralph, Jr. Thomas, Robert B. Jr. Sally, Aloysius Andersen, Mark E. Kirchoff, D_onald J. James, John C. Thorndike, David M. Johnson, Harold E. Schermerhorn, Dale V. Bahl, Donald W. Kompanek, Andrew Jenkins, Glen E. Tierney, William J. Johnson, Olaf C. "'Schmidt, Herbert T. Brauer, Robert W. "J", Jr. "'Jester, Walter H. "'Tollenaere, Lawrence Jones, Harold L. · Schmieder, Arthur H. Conard, Melvin L. Leonard, Wilson B. - Junk, Winfield H. R. Keeler, Charles B. Serrell, Andrew Cross, Sydney E. Lewis, Joseph E. Kanapicki, Kasimir Tuck, Charles W. Kempf,' Lawrence A. *Shimp, Robert P. Davis, Richard M. Lightner, Thomas A. Karch, Ernest J. Vanderpool, _J~y R. Kutchera, Dean J. Shrake, Francis B. Eddleman, John P. L. Keating, cornelius F. Vantram, Wilham A., Laakso, Leslie R. Shumaker, Charles E. Ewing, Ray S. Lillis, James F. *Keller, Wally K. Jr. Landry, Adelard F. Smith, Hugh W. Gavey, Harry E. Lundquist, Lawrence Kelly, Dean E. ~all, Charles L. Larue, Wilbur H. Smith, Joseph E., 3d Gudgeon, Albert G. E. Kelly Fonville ·watson, Raymond S. Latch, Herbert Smith, Rodney N. Hackett, John J. Maggard, Talmadge P; Kelly: Robert R. Weaver, ~eith T. Lawson, Jacob F. Smolen, Francis E. Jack, Ralph H. Mandich, Donald R. Keyes, Thomas E. We?b, Milton G. Lindsley, Jack N. Smyth, Robert P. Kallaus, Alfred R., Jr.Masterson, James E. Killian, Ray A. We1r, Saxt