1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 877 PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS H. R. 1802. A bill for the relief of the Stiers ACTING PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE Bros. Construction Co.; to the Committee on Under clause 1 of rule. XXII, private the Judiciary. Under the designation made by the bills and resolutions were introduced and President pro tempore on Wednesday, severally referred as follows: February 5, 1947, Mr. KNOWLAND took PETITIONS, ETC. By Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN: the chair as Acting President pro H. R. 1779. A bill for the relief of the Wi­ Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions tempore. nona Machine & Foundry Co., a corporation, and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk THE JOURNAL of Winona, Minn.; to the Committee on the and referred as follows: Judiciary. · On request of Mr. WHITE, and by H. R. 1780. A bill for the relief of the Can­ 81. By Mr. CHIPERFIELD: Petition of citi­ unanimous consent, the reading of the non Valley Milling Co.; to the Committee on zens of Quincy, Ill., urging tax-exemption Journal of the proceedings of Wednes­ the Judiciary. · base be set at $2,000; to the Committee on day, February 5, 1947, was dispensed By Mr. BLAND: Ways and Means. with and the Journal was approved. . H. R. 1781. A bill for the relief ~ Annie L. 82. By Mr. HEFFERNAN: Petition of Mor­ Taylor and William Benjamin Taylor; to the ris Park Council, No. 566, Knights of Colum­ MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT Committee on the Judiciary. bus, Richmond Hill, N. Y., in protest of trial proceedings in Yugoslavia of Archbishop Messages in writing from the President By Mr. COURTNEY: of the were communicated H. R. 1'782. A bill for the relief of' Albert Aloysius Stepinac, other clergy, and their (Jack) Norman; to the Committee on the associates; to the Committee on Foreign to the Senate by Mr. Miller, one of his Judiciary. Affairs. · secretaries. By Mr.

. development and control of atomic energy; Resolved, That a copy of this resolution be REDUCTION OF FEDERAL EXPENDITURES . to the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy. -sent by the secretary of state to each of the AND TAXES . By Mr. WHITE: · Representatives in the Congress of the United Petitions of sundry citizens of the State States from the State of , and to each Mr: CAPPER. Mr. President, I ask .of New York, praying for the enactment of of the United States Senators from IllinoiS, unanimous consent to have printed in legislation to prohibit any increases in ren-t and to the President of the United States. the RECORD a letter I have received from ceilings; to the Committee on Banking and Adopted by the senate, January 13, 1947. Mr. and Mrs. Edward N. Harsha, of To­ . . Currency. HUGH W. CROSS, .peka, urging the elimination of unneces­ . By Mr. LANGER: President of the Senate. sary employees and reduction of super- A resolution adopted by the Indian Hill Lo­ EDWARD H. ALEXANDER, fluous expenditures. I am receiving - cal of the McKenzie County (N.Dak.) Farm­ Secretary of the Senate. many letters like this. ers' Union, relating to the Rural Electrifica­ Concurred in by the house of representa­ tion Administration; to the Committee on tives, January 28, 1947. There oeing no objection, the letter was Agriculture and Forestry. . HUGH GREEN, ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as By Mr. McMAHON: Speaker of the House of Representatives. follows: A resolution adopted by the Council of the FRED W. RUEGG, TOPEKA, KANS., Febru(Lry 1, 1947. American Library Association, in conference Clerk of the House of 'Representatives. Hon·. ARTH~ CAPPE~, . assembled at , Ill., relating to the United States Senator, · development and control of atomic energy; .SCHICK GENERAL HOSPITAL, CLINTON, to the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy. Washington, D. C. lOW~ DEAR MR. CAPPER: According to newspaper REMOVAL OF CONTROLS ON SUGAR Mr. BROOKS. Mr: ·President, I pre­ and radio reports there seems to-be-a decided weakening of the Republican position in re­ Mr. BROOKS. Mr ~ President, I pre­ sent for appropriate reference and to have printed in the RECORD House Reso­ gard to elimination of unnecessary employees sent for appropriate reference and to and reduction of the superfluous expenses in have printed in the RE;CORD, Senate Joint lution No. · 23, adopted by the House of order that a real saving may be made in our Resolution No.4 adopted by the General _Representatives of the General Assembly Government expenditures. We hope that you Assembly · of t:tie State of Illinois relat­ of the State of Illinois, relating to the will use your good offices in securing real .'ing to the removal of all controls on restoration of Schick General Hospital, economy in out spending to the end of re­ sugar used for home consumption and Clinton, Iowa;· ·as ·a medical institution ducing our terrific national debt and reduce for industrial purposes. -dev'oted to assistance of the Nation's war our taxes at least 20 percent, as promised in veterans. .the rece_pt election. Of course, we take it for There being no objection, the ·resolu­ .granted that .tp.e .Congress will balance the tion was referred to the' Committee on There being_ no objection, the resolu­ budget, as it is our faith in the Republican Banking and Currency, and·, under the tion was referred to the Committee on Party to accomplish both economy and .rule, ordered to be printed in the RECORD; Labor and Public Welfare, and, under the _financial stability .. as follows: · rule, ordered to be printed in the RECORD, Sincerely- yours, Senate Joint Resolution 4 as follows: Mr. and Mrs. E. N. HARSHA. Whereas the housewives of Amer-ica have · House Resolution 23 REPqRTS OF -COMMITTEE ON FINANCE patiently and patrioticaily exer.cised during .Whereas numerous war veterans l'esiding Mr. WHITE. Mr. President, a-t the in­ the period of hostilitieS arid for more than a in e'astern Iowa and western Illinois are year since the cessation o! hostilities, the urgently in need of hospitalization; and stance of the Senator from ·strictest economy in the use and consump­ ' Whereas the facilities of the hospitals [Mr. MILLIKIN], chairman of the Com­ tion of sugar as a part of their contribution which the Veterans' Administration now mittee on Finance, and in his name, I re­ to the war effort; and · maintains at Hines, Ill., and Des Moines, port favorably without amendment ·the Whereas sugar is indispensable .for a well­ Iowa, are barely able to take care of appli­ following bills: balanced American diet, and housewives can­ cants from the Chicago and Des Moines areas; and · S. 132. A bill to relieve collectC'rs of cus­ not prepare satisfactory meals without an toms of liability for failure to collect cer­ 'adequate supply of sugar; and ·-whereas there now exists in . the city of ' Whereas the waste resulting from the lack tain 3pecial tonnage duties and light money, 9linton, Iowa, a group of buildings whic.h and for other purposes (Rept. No. 20); 'of sufficient means of preserving foodstuffs ~uring the war .. wer-e used as Schick General through the scarcity of canning sugar can no Hospital; and H. R. 1030. A bill to continue in effect cer­ longer be justified, since this Nation has not tain war excise-tax rates, and for other pur­ Whereas these buildings are admirably poses (Rept. No. 21); and ~een at war for the past 18 months; and equipped to hous-e a modern veterans' hos­ WhereAS Illinois, in common with other pital; and H. R. 1353. A bill to amend the National great agricultural States, . produces many Service Life Insurance Act of 1940, as amend­ Whereas the United States Veterans' Ad­ ed (Rept. No. 22). crops which require sugar for preservation, ministration has been deaf to the plea that such as fruits, berries, and vegetables; and Schick General Hospital be reconverted into , ·-The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ Whereas in the past year losses in these a veterans' hospital and has persisted in its pore. The reports will be received, and products, because of the limited sugar avail­ policy of building new hospitals in localities able, have been estimated at several millions where the need is not nearly so great; and the bills will be placed on the calendar. of dollars; and . Whereas the Veterans' Administration has REPORT ON INVESTIGATION OF INTER- Whereas the absence of sugar for canning advanced no sound reasons for its failure to NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS BY WIRE ·purposes has caused thousands of tons o:f remedy this unfortunate situation: There:. AND RADIO (S. REPT. NO. 19) fruit to spoil, thereby depriving American fore be it families of a much-needed food, and has ResoL1Jed, by the House of Representatives Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President on paused hardships and financial losses in of the Sixty-fifth General Assembly of the behalf of the Committee on Interstate many farming and canning communities; and Foreign Commerce, I ha-ve today and · State of Illinois; That we urge the Congress Whereas labor in the food-processing in­ of the United States to take such immediate filed a report on the investigation of dustry has been without work because of the action as will cause the Vetera-ns' Adminis­ international communications by wire tration to !'everse its present position and and radio. In compliance with the Re­ sugar shortage; and that will insure the prompt restoration of Whereas in 1946 the sugar under the direct organization Act, which contemplates the control_ of the United States increased by Schick General Hospital as a medical institu­ cessation of special committees, the re­ more than one-half million tons and no por­ tion devoted to assistance· of the Nation's port officially winds up the work of a tion of this increase was made available to war veterans; and be it further Resolved, That copies of this resolution be special subcommittee authorized by the the American people: Now, therefore, be it Senate 3 years ago. The study of inter­ ResolVed by the Senate of the Sixty-fifth . prepared and forwarded by the secretary of General Assembly of the State of Illinois, state to the President of the United States, national communications, however, will (the House of Representatives concurring Gen. Omar Bradley, the Honorable ScoTT continue by the new Committee on In­ herein) , That the Congress of the United LUCAS, the Honorable C. WAYLAND BROOKS, terstate and Foreign Commerce as one States of America is hereby requested to and to the 26 Representatives of the State of of its multiple functions. provide by law for an immediate decontrol Illinois in the Eightieth Congress of the The report makes several points and of sugar for home consumption, and for in­ United States. recommendations which I desire briefly dustrial use; and be it further Adopted by the house of representatives•• to call to the attention of the Senate. · Resolved, That the Congress is req~ested to January 28, 1947. remove all control from the production, proc­ HUGH GREEN, In the first place, it recommends that essing, distribution, rationing, sale, and im­ Speaker of the House. legislation be enacted either removing portation of sugar without further delay; and FRED W. RUEGG, the present requirement that the West­ be it further CLerk of the House. ern Union Co. dispose of its cables or 1947 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 881 provide for permissive consolidation of land-gmnt rate for the railroads, and: that some members of the subcommittee had international communication companies, several yea-rs ago the committee recom­ made on-the-spot su_rveys of military and so that the Western Union cables may mended that ·the differential which af­ nonmilitary communications in Europe, the Near East, and northern Africa, and recom­ be taken over by such a consolidation. fects the Western Union Co. be removed. mended the adoption .by the Government, I should like to explain to the Senate The legislation which permitted the do­ acting through the State Department, of a that when the Congress enacted the mestic merger provided for the removaf comprehensive, over-all Government com­ legislation under which tbe Postal Tele­ of the special nite for Government, but munications policy as a necessary prerequi­ graph Co. and the Western Union Tele- · the provision w:as eliminated in the other site to the formulation of legislation. It is graph Co. were merged it was provided House. I personally feel that the finan­ recommended that Senate Report No. 1907 that the merged carrier must divest it­ cial condition of the Western Union at be read in conjunction with this report. self of international operations. In the this time demands that this differential . The responsibilities of. the Congress, and its cognizant committees, with respect to this case of Western Union it m·eant the be removed. international communications problem of divesting of that - company's trans­ A third point which I should like to the United States is by no means concluded. Atlantic cables. As a result, the com­ call to the· attention of the Senate re­ On the contrary, the end of the war has pany has been conducting its interna­ lates to what ·has taken place since the served only to aggravate the basic problems tional communications from y.ear to year end of the war to the airway communica-· and they have become complicated by the by permission of the Federal Communi­ tions system, and the superb wbi'Ia-wide intrusion of such directly connected · com­ cations Commission. communications system generally built munications matters as those-involving navi•. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ gational aids to· aviation, in itself a . major up by the Army . and the -, Navy ~ The problem of tremendous proportions if world­ pore. If the Chair may interrupt the report treats of this matter in some wide aviation commerce is to make progress. Senator at this point, the regular order detail. I had hoped, and many other But the reorganization.of Senate committees has been called for by the Senator from members of our committee had hoped, and the expiration of the authority of the Kentucky [Mr. BARKLEY], and, in the that the . Federal Government- would Senate resolution under which your com­ opinion of the Chair,· under ·the rule, establish a policy whereby these com­ mittee carried on this study makes it fle­ general ·discussion of the committee re-· munications systems, or a part of them, sirable that the committee file a concluding port would not be in order in the morn­ the part that is not needed for the Army -report with the Senate, summarizing what it ing hour. h{ls· dene and detailing such conclusions as or the Navy, might be utilized by a-pri­ are proper at this time.• . Mr. McFARLAND . . I understood 1 vate company or companies. The- fact The committ:e.e deems.it important to add could discuss the .matter for 5 minutes, that our Government has not established that neither the. filing .of .this report.nor the ~nd I would certainly conclude within an 'over-all . permanent international expiration of the authority of the sub.com­ that time. communications policy ·has per~itted. mittee under the Senate resolution means The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ these magnificent communications . sy&-. that the problem is solved or the stud·Y con­ pore. The 5-minute rule ·applies only terns, which, I reiterate, were the best in cluded. It merely signalizes· the taking over of this entire- problem by .the committee as when the calendar is being considered. the world, to disintegrate. It is· nothing · Mr: part of its enlarged function. McFARLAND. Very well. - uncommon to find · equipment, valued at· · As a prelude to its report, .the committee Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. -President, I ask several thousand dollars, ;in· China or desires to call . particular a tj;en tion to. the unanimous consent. that the ·Senator north Africa being used for ·a table in a: following ·paragraphs from the interim re­ from Arizona be permitted to conclude hut, for instance. We turned over much port (S. Rept. No. 1907) submitted on July his rem~rks, inasmuch as he has already of our communications equipment, as we 31, 19,46: begun them. did other equipment, to foreign govern­ "Senate Resolution 187 was introduced by Senators Wheeler, White, and McFarland. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ ments and what was not turned over was its introduction and the need for a study of pore. Is there objection? The Chair stolen. internationai c9~munications grew direc-tly hears none, and the Senator may con­ I call the attention of the Senate to out of the enactment of the so-called tinue. the recommendation made by the com­ Domestic Merger Act (Pub_lic L::tw 4, 78th Mr. McFARLAND. I thank the Sena­ mittee that a permanent policy on inter­ Cong.). That act made possible the merger tor from Kentucky. national communications be established Qf domestic telegraph- companies. During The requirement placed on the West­ consideration of this legislation members of by our Government. . the Committee on Interstate Commerce, ern Union to which I have just adverted Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ who w.ere dealing with the communications has worked a hardship upon that· com­ sent that the report be printed · in the problem, became particularly concerned with pany, for the reason that it could not RECORD following my remarks, as a part the situation that faced this country in the plan ahe_ad. It does not know whether of ·my remarks. field of international communications. The to proceed and expand its international merger of domestic telegraph companies was . The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ designed to greatly strengthen and improve business and go out after business~ it pore. Is there objection? does not know what it can do. It can­ communications by wire and radio within There being no objection, the report the continental United States. The second not sell its cables, because under the (S. Rept. 19) was ordered to be printed phase of the problem was to find ways and existing situation of uncertainty as to in the RECORD, as follows: means of similarly strengthening and im­ policy there is no customer for them. proving the.service of American communica­ Meanwhile it is under a legal compulsion The investigation of international com­ tions car-riers doing business tliroughout the to divest itself of its cable business. So munications by wire and radio was initially world. • • • authorized by Senate Resolution 187 of the "Because little original data was available this carrier is in the situation I have Seventy-eighth Congress, agreed to on Octo­ described, and Congress should do some­ to the committee, its staff began the task of ber 19, 1943, which directed the then Com­ assembling pertinent information with re­ thing about it. mittee on Interstate Commerce, or any duly spect t6 this problem. The committee The second point is the necessity for authorized subcommittee thereof, to carry learned, during consideration of the legisla­ legislation removing the present require­ on such a study and make reports to the tion which became the Domestic Merger Act, ment of a 20 percent be.low normal rate Senate. A subcommittee, consisting of Sen­ that United States carriers in the interna­ for transmission of Government tele­ ators Wheeler, Hill, McFarland, Wh~te, and tional field operated under serious disad­ Austin, was appointed, under whose author­ vantages in many foreigr. lands. • • • grams. The Western Un'ion is not alone ity a staff began to gather pertinent data. the only private business required to ren­ Because of the requirements that exist in The study was continued under authority of many places in the world of transferring der service to the Government at a dis­ Senate Resolution 268 of the Seventy-eighth American communications to foreign carriers count but also the only communications Congress and Senate Resolution 24 of the for ultimate delivery, messages originating company left which has to transmit com­ Seventy-ninth Congress, and membership of within the United States are not always munications at a lesser rate for the Gov- · the subcommittee was revised and enlarged within the complete control of the American ernment than for private enterprise. to include Senators Wheeler, Johnson of carrier from the point of origin to the point This entails a hardship to the Western Colorado,· McFarland, Briggs, White, Austin, of delivery. Such a condition fails to afford Union, which has been experiencing diffi­ Hawkes, and Capehart. American users of international communi­ On July 31 (legislative day, July 29), 1946, cations the best or most satisfactory service cult problems. It has competition from the committee filed a report (S. Rept. No. in peacetime; in times of war such conditions the subsidized air mail, and competition 1907) which detailed work that had been are untenable for any sovereign Nation and from the telephone companies. Last done to that time, calling attention to exten­ particularly so for a Nation whose interests year the Congress removed the speci~l sive hearings that had been held, the fact have become world-wide in scope. XCIII,-----,.56 882 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 7 "The committee, working in close coopera­ and more comprehensive service in the inter­ plan't communicates with · its branch offices tion with several executive departments o! ests of American commercial, diplomatic, and in the United States. No other nat ion h ad, the Government on this problem, realiZed military needs. There was a divergence of or has, the technique, the equipment, and that no final or conclusive action could be opinion among those witnesses who testified the know-how to do what the Unit ed States taken during the war. While hostilities con­ as to how this objective could and should be did in building and operatin g that system. tinued, temporary arran gements of many accomplished. Nor was this vast system valuable alone kinds to implement international communi­ "The lack of a concerted and unified view for ordinary administrative and command cations were set up and carried on. The War among the Government departments led to communications. The war brought with it Department established a far-flung system a decision by the committee to continue its · an unprecedented and wholly unforeseen of communications which linked together investigation and study but to hold in tem­ rapid development in world-wide aviation. military outposts and air bases all over the ·porary abeyance further hearings until such American-built planes, flown by American earth. This system, est ablished at h igh cost time as the executive departments had crews, were flying the world. Personnel and to the American taxpayer, gave visual and reached a definitive agreement regarding cargo were being carried to every quart er of concrete evidence of what a single, well in­ American policy on internat ional communi­ the globe. Engines and . compet ent crews tegrated, closely coordinated, and effectively cations. Prior to and during the hearings, alone are not enough for scheduled air trans­ directed international communications en­ the executive had constituted an interdepart­ port. Safe flying, safe for the passengers terprise could accomplish. The Navy Depart­ ment al committee to study the problem and and crew, is impossible without a-dequate ment added to its already extensive world­ make recommendations to the President on :qavigational aids. These inclu de the com­ wide communicat ions service and as a resUlt this subject. During the hearings the com­ munications to get the plane of! the ground, our naval vessels and shore establishments mittee · learned that this interdepartmental weat her information, en route informat ion, all over the world were also effect ively linked committee had failed to reach complete and the means to find the destination and toget her. To these two services was added agreement. The committee was informed land there despite weather conditions. The the expanded and effectively operated fa­ that further efforts would be made by the military services, aided by the brains and cilitie:;; of our own American communica­ Government departments to arrive at a con­ know-how of the best technical experts in tions carriers engaged in international traf­ certed view which would represent depart­ America, developed electronic aids which fic. It should be noted, however, that all of mental policy on this subject and which made world-wide flying reasonably safe in these services were made effective only be­ would then be transmitted to the Congress wartime. The United Stat es Government cause this Nation was engag(.c in a world­ for its consideration in evolving legislation built not only air fields all over the world wide war and our allies willingly extended affecting the entire problem." but likewise installed every modern electronic every aid and facility in knitt ing together Members of the committee, aware of the device avail&ble to insure steady, uninter­ such a world-wide communications service. extensive, far-flung network of Army and rupted flights. The end of the war modified and changed Navy communications, were concerned with Thus, at war's end, there existed two vast this idyllic picture. While one internation­ what disposition would be made of these communications operations: one linking to­ al conference has been held looking to im­ installations and systems after the war gether widely scattered airport s and making provement in American international com­ ended. Those who had studied the situa­ air transport between them relatively safe; munications facilities, the b:1S!- problem tion believed that a way could be found the second a practical commercial communi­ remains unchanged. through which these modern and expensive cations service operated by the Army Signal "Following the assembling of a great deal installations could be used to build up an Corps, serving our military and diplomatic of original data and conferences between American-owned world-wide communi<:a­ units all over the world and capable of -han­ members of the committee and representa­ tions system i~ peacetime. A similar belief dling tremendous message loads. Both were tives of the State, War, an1 Navy De­ was held in some military quarters, and it built and operated at tremendous cost to partments (the three agencies of govern­ was deemed desirable that the committee the American taxpayer. ment most interested in and most concerned see at first hand the ext ent and scope of What happened to the airways communi­ with international communications), the American world-wide communications. cations? The Army and Navy were de­ committee began hearings on the general A twofold purpose governed the decision mobilized rapidly. Trained personnel, the. subject of international communications. to undertake a survey: (1) To see at first most critical item which takes longest to pro­ Those hearings covered a period of nearly a hand the equipment needed for, and the cure, returned to civilian life. Airports into month in March and April of 1945. Nine wit­ operation of, an integrated world-W:ide com­ which this country had poured millions of nesses, all representatives of Government de­ munications system completely within the dollars in construction were returned to the partments, appeared before the committee ownership, control, and administration of n ations in whose lands they were built, fre­ to present their views and the views of their the United States; and (2) to determine quently without agreements of any kind for agencies and departments. These witnesses what part, if any, of such an integrated their further main tenance or operation on included Mr. W. L. Clayton, Assistant Secre­ modern system could be fitted into a peace­ standards comparable to wartime standards, tary of State; Mr. Francis C. de Wolf, Chief time international communications system or even any agreements at all. In some cases; of the Telecommunications Division of the owned and operated by citizens of this after tte war, American-flag-lin e air trans­ Department of State; the Honorable James ports were not even granted lan ding priv­ Forrestal, Secretary of the Navy; Rear Adm. country. In May 1945 the committee was invited ileges on airports which American brains and Joseph R. Redman, Director of Naval Com­ blood and dollars had built. Valu able com­ munications; Chairman Paul A. Porter, ot by the Secretary of the Navy (Mr. Forrestal), with the approval and active assistance of munications equipment was declared surplus, the Federal Communications Commission; stacked in surplus yards, stolen, disappeared, Maj. Gen. Harry C. Ingles, Chief Signal Offi­ the War Department, to make a survey of the military coinmunication_s inst allations and not infrequently could be fou nd serving cer of the War Department; Brig. Gen. H. M. as a table or some oth er household item in McClelland, air communications officer o:r which had been established in Europe, the a Bedouin's tent in the desert. A large part the Army Air Forces; and Mr. Charles 1. Near East, and north Africa. Subsequently, of the superlative airways communications Stanton, Deputy Administrator of the Civil a member of the committee (Senat or Mc­ service in Europe, in north Africa, in the Aeronautics Administration. The hearings FARLAND) had an opportunity to m ake simi­ Near East, and particularly in the South Pa­ comprise two volumes of 574 pages and to­ lar surveys of communications installations cific areas, disintegrated, and t he existing gether with m aps,_charts, table: , and other and operations in key gateway cities within situation is such that qualified witnesses, for valuable exhibits afford the most current and the continental . United St at es as well as example, Gen. Douglas MacArthur, term fly­ reliable information on the subject of int er­ throughout the Caribbean area, Alaska, and ing in t he Far East and in the Pacific haz:-· national communications presently available. the entire Pacific, including Hawaii, John­ ardous or unsafe in comparison with the "It should be noted here, however, that ston Island, Kwajalein, Guam, Tinian, Sal­ comparative safety of wartime. Even the these hearings are by no means complete nor pan, Iwo Jima; Tokyo and Japan generally; transport arms of the Army and Navy are do they represent views and opinions of all Shanghai, Tsientsin, Tsingtao, and Peiping, seriously hampered by the present communi­ authoritative sources on this sUbject. The China; Okinawa; Manila; Darwin, Brisbane, cations situation. And while the accident committee limited the first phase of its hear­ and Sydney, Australia; New Caledonia, Fiji, rate for both commercial and military trans­ and Canton ~sl ands. ings to the representatives of the Govern­ port flying has s ~eadily decreased in recent ment departments, desiring to obtain a well­ The committee believes . it is important years, the recent upsurge in major accidents rounced and over-all viewpoint from the to point" out that when World War II ended, is directly traceable to a lack of, or an inade­ Government agencies prior to determining the United States had under its cont rol a quate number and type of, communication for the record the viewpoints of the repre­ world-girdling wire and radio communica­ aids to navigation. sentatives of :the American carriers in the tions system such as had theretofore been This brief summary of the disintegration international field. During the course of the wistfully conceived only in rather imagina­ that has taken place in the communications hearings it became obvious that the affected tive plans. It was the last word in modern­ facilities for airways is being rapidly paral­ Government departments were not of one ity, and it performed superbly under all leled in the magnificent communications mind with respect to the policy that should sorts of conditions. Communication be­ network operated by the Army Communica­ be laid down by this Government to govern tween Washington and the most remote tions Service, which coupled with the Naval American international communications .. places in India, China, Japan, Africa, the Communications Service, makes possible There was no disagreement over one funda­ Near East, and in most of Europe was al­ this world-girdling communications network. mental fact-American international com- · most instantaneous and teletype conversa­ Brought into being within 18 months after· munications stood in need of improvement tions could be carried on with the same the outbreak of the war, it gave this country !rom the standpoint of better, faster, cheaper, facility that an American manufacturing for the first time in its history the kind of 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 883 communications network that is dreamed · while our Government still'enjoyed the pres­ the corporation does not know whether it about. The brains and ability and know­ tige and affection that its contribution to­ should make improvements in its cable' lines, how of every American communications car­ ward winning the war had given the United aggressively. seek new business and attempt rier and communications equipment manu­ St ates among the nations of the world, to build up its international business, or as­ facturer went into the building and mainte­ thought would have been given and action sume that eventually it must dispose of this nance of that system. But, as in the case of t aken toward working out mutually satis­ operation and do little about it. airways communications, rapid demobiliza­ factory arrangements or temporary agree­ · Meanwhile the company has faced tre­ tion of trained personnel, evacuation from ments with many foreign powers .for the con­ mendously increased operating costs, due to bases and areas all over the world where tinued maintenance anc;l operat ion in certain retroactive wage decisions and increased communications equipment was installed areas, either by us or by them, of both air­ wages. It has been granted rate increases and m aintained, fiscal retrenchment, and the ways communications and commercial com- · by t he Federal Communications Commission, lessening need by the military for such a munications installations and service. but its ability to carry on and .furnish a first­ world-wide service are the principal factors Unfortunately, this policy was not fol- · class communications service to American in the break-up of this network of communi­ lowed. Instead of seizing opportunities users is further hampered by this legislative cations. which appeared to have been available, it­ anomaly. It must be remembered, as has been will now be necessary, in most cases, to be­ This company is likewise suffering an addi­ pointed out in earlier reports by the com­ gin all over again, relying on our bargaining tional discrimination in the way of special mittee, that except for the period of the war, abilit y in international conferences. Our · rates for Government business. The special the United States never has had a world-wide record of accomplishments in such confer­ rate for Government messages was a require­ cpmmunications service available to Ameri­ ences in both the communication and avia­ ment of the 1866 Post Roads Act, as amended, can patrons which insured the delivery of tion spheres has not yet been marked with under which the company was granted cer­ diplomatic, military, or commercial m~ssages outstanding success. tain righ ts-of-way over public lands. A pro­ through its own services to every point of The committee has carried out the func­ vision which would have removed the special destination and at rates as low as those tion assigned it by the. Senate. It has sur­ rate to Government was eliminated from the available to nationals of other nations. This veyed extensive communications installations Domestic Merger Act when that bill was in is not the fault of American commercial car­ throughout the world. It has held hearings, conference. The committee, however, de­ riers doing business in the internatim:1al which though incomplete from the stand­ sires to point out that this company is the field; in equipment, methods, initiative, and point of finally evolving a legislative policy, only private business in America which is all-around ability they surpass the world . . has, nevertheless, l:"rought up to date the most required to furnish service to the Govern­ For example, the British communications authoritative body of dat a bearing on the ment at a lower rate than to other patrons. monopoly, Cables & Wireless, whose m ajor subject of American international communi­ The Congress last year eliminated the special installations and methods of operation the land-grant rates for railroad haulage of Gov­ cations. In the 3~ years since the study committee surveyed in such key places as was authorized by the Senate, the commit­ ernment supplies and personnel, and no London and Malta, by comparison, employs tee has expended $14,555.16 of the $15,000 ?-P­ other communications carrier is required to equipment and methods fully a quarter of a propriated for the work, this expendUure in­ grant the Government a special rate. century behind those of the major American cluding salaries for staff. The surveys of The committee believes that in fairness to carriers. But the fact remains that the communications installations, the hearings, the Western Union and in the interest of British combine, through Empire preferences and the study generally has armed members strengthening this domestic communications and ot her arrangements, has been for years, of the committee with valuable information company so that it can offer a better service and remains today, · a world-circling commu­ on the broad general subject of international to American users, the Congress should (a) nications networ-k whose services must be communications and their importance to the either eliminate from the law the provision employed to get messages into many, many diplomatic, military, and economic welfare which prevents the Western Union Co. from places in the world. As a single company of the Nation. carrying on fully and freely its international operating throughout the world and partly The committee deems it important to point business by cable, or expedite legislation pro­ owned by the Government (recently it has out that the study here reported on grew viding for merger of international carriers been n ationalized and will be wholly owned so that the cables may be transferred to such by the Government) the British Government out of the legislative preparat ion of the bill a carrier, and (b) eliminate the prevailing ­ has pushed it into a preeminent place jn which became the Domest ic Merger Act, per­ special rate to Government as an incongruity world-wide communications. Moreover, its mitting the merger of the Western Union not required of any other private business. users anywhere in the British Commonwealt h and Postal Telegraph companies. In its The committee also looks forward with a of Nations enjoy a preferential Empire rate original form that legislation, carrying out great deal of anticipation to a report on in­ against which competition is difficult. the recommendations of an earlier report ternational communications which is ex­ Before World War II, except for Navy ship­ by this committee, would have permitted a pect ed from the interdepartment al commit:­ shore and to a more limited degree shore­ similar merger of American carriers operating tee. It recognizes that while the primary shore, and except for limited Army commu­ in the international field, but bai-red the duty of laying down a legislative policy in nications within the continental United creation of a single over-all communica­ this field devolves upon the Congress, it is States and to certain Territorial possessions, t ions carrier operat ing both in the domestic of the greatest importance that the Congress the diplomatic, military, and commercial and international fields. The provision per­ h ave before it the views of the interested communications of the United States and its mitting a merger of international carriers and affected Government departments and citizens were subject to the economic and was dropped at the specific request of the agencies, and that these views be unified, so political influences of competing governments Navy Department, and other agencies of Gov­ that they represent a broad policy deter­ and their agencies. ernment. These agencies, faced at that time mination on this vitally important com­ This committee had previously expressed wit h the exigencies of defense preparations, munications problem. The committee be­ the hope (S. Rept. No. 1907, 79th Cong.) felt they did not have the time to devote to a lieves that the more than 3 years that have before the disintegration of war-built com­ study of so important a problem, and asked el13.psed since this study was undertaken has munications had gone too far that the United that it be deferred until such time as their afforded ample time for the Government States acting through the State Department, views could be worked out. · agencies concerned to reach agreement on would have evolved and promulgated an The removal of the international merger what should be this Nation's international American communications policy for the provision has worked an injustice on the communic-ations policy. The committee it­ guidance of American communication com­ Western Union Telegraph Co., the sole re­ self has made ·clear, in earlier reports, that panies; it had hoped that the creation of a maining domestic carrier which subsequently permissive consolidation of carriers and care­ second interdepartment al committee on absorbed the Postal Telegraph Co. The Do­ ful frequency allocation standards are prime communications would lead to unified agree­ mestic Merger Act specifically prevented the legislative requisites. ment among the various departments and merged domestic carrier from engaging in in­ The committee believes that with the co­ agencies of Government which have hereto­ ternational business and conversely; any operation and assistance of the agE!ncies of fore expressed conflicting opinions before merged international carrier from engaging Government concerned with the problem, a this committee as to what should be Ameri­ in domestic business. Because the law as permanent solution can be and should be can communications policy. final}y enacted did not permit merger of in­ worked out as rapidly as possible. The com­ This committee believed that promulgation ternational carriers, the Western Union Co. mittee reiterates the final paragF-aph of its of such a policy was desirable and necessary has found itself in the anomalous position interim report of July 31, 1946: so that our own American communications of not being able to dispose of its extensive "The committee trusts that with the ad­ companies could be guided in their future trans-Atlantic cables and has continued to vent of the Eightieth Congress it will have plans, not alone with respect to competition operate them under special permit of the the benefit of the Executive's view on Ameri­ between themselves as against foreign com­ Federal Communications Commission, which can international communications policy and munication services, but likewise with re­ has been renewed from time to time, until that the policy so presented will have the spec't to what American users of international some final solution of the merger question is approval and support of all of the interested communications services may expect in the made by the Congress. It is neither a sound Government departments and agencies. way of rates and practices which directLy nor a healthy situation for a corporation to With such a recommendation before the affect the freer exchange of news and infor­ operate a phase of its business under a law Congress, the committee is of the opinion mation between nations. which provides that it mtist eventually dis­ that. further hearings, during which the view­ This committee_also had hoped that ev.en . pose of that phase of its business, but mean­ point of the carrier representatives will be before the formulation of such a policy and while must continue to operate it. Obviously, heard, can be expedited and the Congress 884 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 7 · presented with a definitive legislative pro­ By Mr. O'MAHONEY: that support to the social sciences which was posal which would strengthen and improve S. 537. A bill for the relief of Earl M. Se­ dropped from the committee bill by the Sen­ international communications service all mingsen; to the Committee on the Judiciary. ate should be reinstated. over the world, witll the object of making By Mr. DWORSHAK: Many other Senators have been interested cheaper and more readily available American S. 538. A bill for the relief of Carleton and, in fact, have worked tirelessly in per­ n ews to all other countries and their news to Cummings; to the Committee on the Judi­ fecting this bill. In view of this fact I ask America;. cheapening, speeding, and a:ffording ciary. unanimous consent that other Senators may greater and more secure communications to By Mr. McFARLAND (for himself and be permitted to officially join in sponsoring American commercial interests and making Mr. HAYDEN): this bill and that their names be added upon more secure and complete American diplo­ S. J. Res. 60. Joint resolut_ion to authorize my submitting them to the Senate. I also matic and military communications." the San Carlos irrigation and . drainage dis­ ask unanimous consent for a brief extension of my remarks at this point for the purpose BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTION trict, Arizona, to drill, equip, and acquire wells for use on the San Carlos irrigation of further describing its purposes and status. INTRODUCED project; to the Committee on Public Lands. The Senate bill-8. 1850-which in the last Congress had been pfdected after many ' Bills and a joint resolution were in­ NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION troduced, read the first time, and, by months of activ~ study and hearings pro­ unanimous consent, the second time, arid Mr. THOMAS of Utah. Mr. President, vided Federal assistance on a peacetime basis I introduce for appropriate reference a for scientific scholarships and fellowships, referred as follows: and for scientific research, including funda­ By Mr. CAPPER: bill creating a National Science Founda­ mental research generally, and applied re­ S. 524. A bill to authorize the Department tion, which is similar to the bill passed search in health and medicine and national of Agriculture to receive contributions from by the Senate last year. I ask unani­ defense. These functions were favored by foreign governments to help defray the ex­ mous consent that a statement prepared the Senate only after exhaustive evidence penses of its work in cooperating with for­ by me in connection with the bill be provided by its own Military Affairs Commit­ eign governments in furthering the inter­ printed in the RECORD. tee and the Office of Scientific Research and change of knowledge and skills between the The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ Development showed that existing Govern­ people of the United States and the peoples ment and private arrangements could not of other countries, and for other purposes; pore. The bill introduced by the Sena­ supp'ort the needs of an advanced industrial to the Committee .on Agriculture and For­ tor from Utah will be received and ap­ nation like our own. estry. propriately r,eferred, and, without ob­ Another purpose of the bill was the crea­ (Mr. THOMAS of Utah introduced Senate jection, the statement will be printed in tion of a central Federal scientific agency bill 525, to promote the progress of science the RECORD. which would have general oversight over the and the useful arts, to secure the national The bill

JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL'S DEPARTME NT RESERVE ENSIGNS White, Thomas C. *Hendershot, Charles To be bri gadier general Adams, Joseph E., Jr. Johnston, Warren E. Whitehouse, William s. Brig. Gen. William Robert Clayton Mor­ Albright, Cletus A. Jones, Harry C. A., Jr. Herms, Ralph R. rison (major, Judge Advocate General's De­ Ambler, Robert F. Jorgensen, Cecil M. Wilson, Herbert B. *Herr, Donald L. partment Reserve), Army of the United Ashmead, Duffield 3d Kerr, John W. Adams, Robert E. Hodges, Richard H. Avant, John L. King, Herbert T. Arch, Theodore S. J. Hoffman, Raymond L. St ates. Armstrong, Russell I. Hoffner, James H. MEDICAL CORPS RESERVE Baker, Robert W. Kip, Phelps C. Barli, John, Jr. Klein, Harry J. Asbury, David A. Holm, Kenneth C. To be bri gadier generals Barrett, Milton J. Knoblock, Walter W. Athow, Robert F. Howell, Ralph T. Brig. Gen. St anhope Bayne-Janes (lieuten­ Barton, Lee s, Knox, Gordon L. Atkins, Robert E. *Huestis, Gerald S. ant colonel, Medical Corps Reserve), Army of Baumgartner, JamesKoch, Walter M. Baird, Harold J. *Hughes, Warren R. the United States. R , Lamberson, Don M. Barber, Lester W. *Hogg, James V. Brig . . Gen. Isidor Schwaner Ravdin (lieu­ Baxter, Denver F. Larsen, Orrin K. Bazler, Paul S., Jr. Jenkins, John W. tenant colonel, Medical Corps Reserve) , Army Beadle, Marvin L. Lawyer, John W., Jr. Bennett, Francis B. Johns, James G. of the United States. · Bell, Charles P. Lear, John R. *Benz, Robert P. Johnson, Garvis D. *Berger, Robert S. ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT RESERVE Berger, Eugene B. Lloyd, Marshall 0. Johnson, Philip W. Besel, Michael N., Jr. Karnes, Austin G. To be brigadier general Berry, John W. Lowrie, Robert G. Bonewits, Donald G. Malley, Francis E. Bjurback, Stanley N. *Kaul, Fredric H. Brig. Gen. Edward Samuel Gree~baum Bowen, John F. Maurer, Nelson H. Blackburn, James T. Keck, Carroll B. (lieutenant colonel, Ordnance Department Briggs, Claude M., 3d Mayer, WilliamS. Bowden:, Bill Keeley, Hugh M. Reserve), Army of the United States. Bright, George L., Jr. McCain, Howard G. *Bowie, James M. Keifert, Robert N. *Boyle, John J. QUARTERMASTER CORPS RESERVE Bryant, Franklin D: M;cCarthy, Florence W. Keller, Robert C. Braid, Herbert C. To be brigadier generals *Burke, Edmund, Jr. McGaw, Don~ld A. *Kenny, J!lmes P. Carter, William H. McGrady, James P., Jr. Brantley, Melvin H. Kimzey, John H. Brig. Gen. Georges Frederic Doriot (lieu­ Castrichine, Barthalo-McGrath, Donald E. Brennan, Nicholas I. King, John M. tenant colonel, Quartermaster Corps Re­ mew McGrath, William H. Brock, Robert J. Kozak, Norbert J. serve), Army of the United States. Cefaratti, Donald, Jr. Mcintyre, John J. Brown, Errington Kozluk, Walter ~rig. Gen. Bernhard Alfred Johnson (ma­ Chamberlin, Robert McLaughlin, Douglas Brown, Vernon L. Krebs, Edward C., Jr. jor, Quartermaster Corps Reserve), Army or Chambliss, Joe "E" C. Burks, Melvin L. *Labrum, Willard D. the United States. Cheverton, Robert E. McNair, Emmett T. Butler, Arthur P. Lammers, Lorin R. Brig. Gen. John Reed Kilpatrick (colonel, Christiansen, Ar- Mencin, Adolph Butler, John F'. Lampkin, Kenneth Cavalry Reserve), Army of the United-States. nold R. Meng, Edwin "L", Jr. Byrd, William V. "E", Jr. Baker, William G. SIGNAL CORPS RESERVE Clingan, George M. Michael, John F. La Roe, Edward T. ?amp.bell, Thomas M. Lasseter, Joe F., Jr. To be major general Cogshall, James H. Michael, Bernard E. Conerly, Tom B., Jr. Miller, Clark W. Carll~le, Geoffrey E. LeBreton, Guy J., Jr. Maj. Gen. William Henry Harrison, Army Connelly, James P. F. Mills, Ernest J. Challam, Leonard J. Lee, John w. of the United States. · Correll, Noble 0., Jr. Minnick, Harvey E. Chalmers. Norman E. Lerew John w Jr To be brigadier generals Cox, Warren M. Moore, Oswald M. Coli, Ch~r~es L. Leute: George M., jr. Brig. Gen. Carroll Owen Bickelhaupt Cravens, Harold L. Morris, Gene C. ?oak, Wilham E. Little, John B. (colonel, Signal Corps Reserve) , Army of the Debold, Joseph F. Morrison, James W. Cooke, Nelson M. Lorentson, Adrian V. United States. . · De Veas, Thomas E. Moyce, Murray A. ?ooper, ~l?yd F. Lowry, Allen W. Brig. Gen. Ephraim Franklin Jeffe, Army of Dickerson, Vincent M. Nissen, John C., Jr. Co~, Wilham R. Lucas, William E., 3d the United States. Dunn, Jack B. Noble, Lee V. Cram, Horace T. Ludwig David w Brig. Gen. Charles Eskridge Saltzman Duquette, Herbert E.,Offutt, Ray D. *C.riddle, Merdin C. *Lyngby, Alfred R.. -(lieutenant colonel, Signal Corps, National Jr. Olvey, Mervin L. Cnte_s, Jack 0. MacKay, Robert T. Guard of the United States), Army of the Eddy, Billy L. O'Rourke, Frank R. Cur~1s, Charles E., Jr. Manring, Alvin B. United St ates. Empey, Robert E. Pace, Robert D., Jr. Dav:s, John F. Martens, Theodore J. Brig. Gen. David Sarnoff (colonel, Signal Emrick, Merwin G. Pahl, Herschel A. Davis, Judson C., Jr. Mayer Nicholas J Corps Reserve) , Army of the United States. Ennis, Edw~rd J. Penney, Willoughby W. Delcamp, Michael s. McAd~ms Lee T · Brig. Gen. Samuel Morgan Thomas (major, Erickson, Jack L. Perry, Eugene R. Dempster, John T., Jr. McCabe Hugh T Jr Fisher, Hubert W. Pierucki, Ervin J. Deney, Leonard J., Jr. *McCarth J 0 hn:· F · Signal Corps Reserve), Army of the United *DeRoco Vernon J y, • States. Fitzgerald, David R. Planton, David N. Dooling, 'David · McCarthy, Thomas S. Forster, Robert M. *Pollak, Edward G. IN THE NAVY Downey, Harmon A. McClaugherty, Ber- Fosha, Charles E. Rains, David C. Drehobl, George F. • nard M. The following list of officers appointed to Foster, William I., Jr. Reed, William D. the ranks indicated in the lim• of the Navy: Dryer, Orville W. J. McEvoy, John W. Freudenberg, HaroldRichter, Alvin F. Dunkum, Hugh H., Jr.McKee, J<:>hn N. ( • Indicated officers to be designated for EDO W. Riddle, John W. Dunn, Richard J. McLaughlm, Burton J. and SDO subsequent to acceptance of ap­ Fromknecht, GeorgeRobert s, Levi J., Jr. *Ellis, Walter J. Meek, John P. pointment) W. Russell, John B. Epps John H Mellem, Ellsworth L. Galassi, Mario C. Salisbury, Harley G. Farr~ll Ted L. Miles, Kenneth N. LIEUTENANT COMMANDERS *Garay, Paul N. Scally, Francis W. Campbell, Douglas M. Fewel, 'James 'w. * ~iller, Ashton C. Gill, Ronald E. Schaefer, William W. Finnegan Paul F Miller, George W. •wood, Sanford B. D. Gillette, Keith F . Schatz, Clifford E. Ha;milton, George H. Foley, John J. · *Miller, Jack N. Gilman, Richard C. Searcy, John E., Jr. Fontinell Ernest W Miller, Loel R. LIEUTENANTS Gimpel, Herbert J. Seward, Joseph G. *Foote, ienneth c: : Miller, Otto C. •navis, Thomas M. *Pooler, Louis G. Glennon, Edmund Shaw, Joseph E. *Ford, William R. Monteath, Edward B. Fit ch, Robert A. · Price, Glennon G. Gniady, Edward Sheppard, William L. Fowler; William E. Moore, James I. *Bellinger, Lorentz D.Spangler, Earle S. Gorden, Oliver A. Sinnott, Myles R. Greenway, Victor Skon, Warren A. · Frketic, Louis J. Moore, John L. •Bon, Francis J. *Wallace, Thomas G. Gatlin, William A. Moore, Thomas H. *Lubelsky, Benjamin W. H. Smit h, J ack H. Griffin, Juel, Jr. Snider, Harold A. Gerhard, Harry "E", Moran, William J. L. Guh se, Donald E. Snipes, Rodney F. J r . *Mullane, Leo W. LIEUTENANTS (JUNIOR GRADE) Hammer, Lloyd A., Jr.spencer, Clyde M. Gibbons, Hugh E. Nabours, Laverne F. Duncan, Richard L. *Burtz, Charles R. Harden, Charles A. Stadter, George B. Gibbons, James G. Nolta, Cornelius V., Jr. *Read, Samuel H. P.,Eastwood, J ames A. Harmon, Alfred W. Stewart, Harold E. Girault, Norton R. Nolte, Miles H., Jr. Jt. *Grant, Everett A. Hathaway, Marvin F. s t u art; Robert L. Greene, William M. A.Norville, Robert W. • Allen, Arthur A. *Halloran, Edward R. Hayek, Paul A. Sullivan, Warren, Jr. Greenwell, J ack Nuernberger, Gale W. Arens, Carl E. Hewitt, John V. Hays, Robert C. Sundt, Robert K. Griese!, Vincent J. Ogle, Robert J. *Carnes, James R. Hotchkiss, Stuart T. Helsel, Kenneth D. Swanson, Ray J. *Griffing, Charles w. Oliver, Almon "P" *Chiles, Griffin *Owen, John Hennessey, Charles A.,Tanton, Paul W. *Harringt on, William ~' Schafer, William K. Grubbs, Thomas A., Olson, Edwin G. Jr. Taylor, Halton H. Jr. Ostensoe, Orner C. F. *Smith, Stuart C. Holmes, Robert A., 3d Taylor, Harry B. *McCrackin, Otho E. Swenson, Harold R. Gustaferro, Joseph F.Ottea, Mathias M., Jr. *Meads, Leo J. *Wardlow, Harold V. Holmes, Robert E. Teague, Marx M. *Hall, George M. *Ot to, Clarence E. *Veverka, Rudolph E. *Evans, Frank W., Jr. Holzrichter, Max A. Thorne, Fred H. Hampton, Warren J. Packer, Samuel H. Berrey, Julius M. Merrick, Richard C. Horton, William P. 'I·hornell, Enos Harlan, James L. Page, Robert L. Bishop, Edward W. Moureau, Ralph H. Howard, Garnett "E" Torbett, Jack Harper, Charles L. Paterson, Donald P. *Concannon, Charles *Ogden, Herbert L. Ireland, Joe N. Twomey, Paul P. Harris, David D. *Pattison, William J. F. *Seiler, Donald W. !sen, Forester W. Tyler, Claude L. Harris, Ernest C., Jr. Patton, Peter G. *Hartung, Walter P. Caffey, Kenneth W. Iverson, Halvor Wall, Charles G. Hebert, Ernest P. Peters, Bruen H. *Adams, John Q. Condit, James W. Jessee, Jack W. Wentz, Charles A. Hemmingsen, CharlesPaynter, Thomas G. *Barnwell, John J. Schmidt, RusSell J. Johnson, William R. Wenz, Carl R., Jr. J. · Phillips, Howard E. 1947 ' CONGRESSiONAL RECORD-SENATE 901 Potter, Robert' B. Browning, Robert B. Loveland, Charl-es F. Broman, Clifford G. Lockwood, Burton G. Solonchak, William Pruett, James W. Buescher, Homer V. Lowe, Claude 0. *Brooks, Tilden L. Longley, Wilbur E. Stack, Martin J. Ramseyer, William F., *Burns, William L. MacMurdo, Charles *Brough, James A. Lowe, Grady H. Stallings, Wilbur L. Jr. Burr, Robert M. Marshall, Scott w. Browning, Benjamin MacFarlane, Arthur S.Stark, Kenneth J. Randolph, John B. Burton, Lester H. Mayer, Albert J. H., Jr. MacKenzie, James B. Steffen, Edward J. Ransford, Clyde E. Butcher, Cecil 0. Mayhew, Myron A. Bryan, Roland T. Mackey, Wendell C. . Steinkellner, Robert Rasmussen, Merwin E. *Campbell, Donald C. Maynard, Vincent D., *Burum, Roger L. Maddox, James W. H. Ray, Charles E. Carroll, Eugene J., Jr. Jr. *Butler, Thomas E. Mallonee, Gordon L. Stephenson, Jack L. Read, Robert B. Chaky, Emil · McKeel, Alonza B., Jr.Cah1ll, Joseph H. Maltby, Adin J., Jr. Stone, William A. *Reeves, Carl G. *Chapman, Arthur S. McNair, William D. Caire, Albert D. Mark, Robert B. Stork, Nathan L. Richardson, Charles C. *Chesky, Kaz P. *Meinsler, Edward F.,Callahan, George E. Martin, Charles E. Sullivan, William H. L. Rinlt, Victor B. *Chirillo, Louis D. Jr. Card, Fred S., Jr. McCabe, Robert E. Swagert, Everett D. Robinson, Charles D. Clarke, Robert D. Miskill, Donald K. Carter, Otis D. McCallon, Victor L. Sweet, Clifford D., Jr. Rogers, Leo J. Coad, Richard J. Murray, Royal C., Jr. Cerstvik, Milan S. McCormick, Robert W. Thielges, James M. Rubinow, Sydney G., Condor, Bernard Nelson, James D. *Clarke, Samuel R. McGovern, William *Thomas, Randolph Jr · Cooley, Benjamin C., Norrington, William *Cochran, Elvin P., Jr. Mcintyre, Edward L. G. *Ryan, Richard E. Jr. E., Jr. *Callender, Edward H . McKillop, Harvey E., Thompson, Arthur E. Ryce, Clarence 0. Cos, Grant A. *Olivari, Louis *Connolly, Daniel E. Jr. Thompson, Harry M. Sanderson, Harold M. Cress, Warren D. Orcutt, Robert E. Courtin, Robert E., Jr. McKnight, George W. *Toll, John S. Schoggen, Phil H. Cullen, Patrick 0. *Page, James C. *Cykler, John. F. McMullen, Birton E. Tomlinson, Orville L. Searle, Willard F., Jr.curtis, Theodore E. Pefley, John W. Davis, Byron E. McMurray, Samuel F. Toole, Warren K. Seeber, James W. Davidson, John R. Pels, John H. Davis, Henry C. *Mereness, Robert H. Vaa, Norman A. Severin, Clifford E. Davis, William ·R. Piatek, Joh? _A. De Benham, Robert W Miles, Ross E., Jr. Vogler, William H., 2d Shakshober, MacLean Delmanowski, Ernest Randell, W1lllam D. De Bard, Robert K. Miller, Charles J. Wall, James R. C. F. ~ayner, Donald E. Deering, Harold J. *Miller, Melvin A. *Wallace, Edwin H. · *Shaver, Robert G. Datamble, Paul A., Jr. Reed, Jam_es T. Deltchman, Vincent Miller, Ned *Walruff, Charles A. Sherman, Frank E. Dew, Donald F. R~mon~. Hillary F. Eaton, John M., Jr. Ming, RobertS. *Wannamak·er, Them- *Sherman, Roger J. *Dickman, Robert H. R1ce, Lmcoln P. Edmisten, William H. Mitchell, George A. as M. Sherwood, Charles Dierks, D. J. R~chards, Floyd D. Edmonson, Edgar T. Moore, Sam H. Weible, Robert C. Shuett, Donald W. mze, Melvin w. Riker, Alden S. *Edwards Horace L Moran, William F. Wheeler, Richard F. Simmons, Mitchell M. Doescher, Walter W., Robinson, Gerald "A" *Evans Henry L . *Moroney, John D. White, Robert E. Smith, Allen M. Jr. Robinson, Richard L. *Fair, Thomas F:, Jr. Morris, Floyd R. "'Whyte, John E. Smithey, Thurman E. Edwards, William E. Schall, Rodney F. Felsberg, Alfred T. Morris, James W. Wiggins, Samuel P. Spencer, Frank 0. Emerson, Allan L. Schaumburg, Dale P. Fielder Herbert H Moyers, Layman D. Williams, Carl H. Stafford, Edward P. Enquist, Edwin R. Schlecht, Max A. Flory, Edwin B. · Mukhalian, Zaven *Williams, Guy R. Staiger, Hugh K. Erickson, Ernest 0. Seaman, George H. *Flynn, Daniel Mulholland, WilliamWilson, Marshall W. Sharp, Wallace E. Forman, Richard E. St~nley, Henry T., Jr. Ernesti, John H. P. . Wood, Harold D. Steinmeyer: Lloyd R. Faulconer, Douglas "J" S~ettler,. Waite~ R. Foxworthy, John P. Murphy, Arthur C. Wollam, Raymond L. S~monelll, Orazw Friedman, Malcolm C Needham, Theodore P.Achberger, Eldon E. Stewart, Clifford L. Fleming, William W. Sims, James H. *G D ld L Strickland, Eugene C. *Ford James·W Slasinski, Floyd M. arver, . on~ · *Neeley, William E. Ackerman, James D. Sutherland, James w.Foste~. William G. *Smith, Carl T. Gaw, BenJa_m:n D. . Newman, John R. Adams, Thomas H. Sweet, Robert R. Fox, Floyd E. Smits, Cornelius J., Jr. Geddes, Wll~Iarr;, ~- Norelius, Roy A. Ba:mowsky, Clarence Swint, George, 3d Frees, Norman W., Jr. "'Sobczyk Eugene Green, Maunce F Oliver, John D. J., Jr. Tall, Harold R. *Furnas Wendell J. Spahr, H~rman G. Groesch, John W. *Parisian, Richard W.Barnett, Gene A. *Tessin, William Garbler 'Paul Stamm, Charles C. Haisten, Frank D. Parramore, Douglas G.Beatty, John W. Thomas, Robert H. Gard, J~hn G. Stanczyk, Stanley L. Hansen, Dale V. Partlow, George L. Bennett, William 0. Thompson, R?b_ert J · Gillen, Earle C. · Stephens Alvis H Hansen, Henry J., Jr. Parzych, Henry M. Bernard, Harry, Jr. _Thompson, Wilham M. Gladstone, Willi:=tm G. Stewart, Charles M. Hartsell, Harr~ V., Jr. Petersen, Chester L. Binder, Martin Jr. Gladwell, Paul F. Taneyhill Paul "A" Hawley, Maurice V. Peterson, Robert F. Bird, Noel V. *Thomson, Fred R. Goddard, Hollis Jr ' '*Heagy, Daniel W. Phillips, Douglas G. Bolger, Robert J., Jr. Thornton, Jack H. Gorman John V Theien, Robert H. He?gepeth, Ch~rles H. Pietrowski, Edward Bowman, Millard G. · Timmer, Berilard W. Granat 'Arnold M Towne, Thomas w. Heiken, Fredenck c. L. F. Brill, Harry K. Tobin, Lo?1~ J . GreenV.:ood, Thom~s E. Trotter, William R. Hellickson, Aaron J. Powell, Edwin H. Brock, Marvin A. Tobin, Wilham F., Jr. *Griffin, Harry K., Jr. *Vann, Isaiah M., Jr. 'Henson, John· H. Presson, Herman W. Broolts, Richard I., Jr. Tracey, Wal~e~ Grigsby, Hubert C. Walker, Jack A. Heron, James J. Pruski, Leonard Burkholder John ;urnbull, ~Illlam 0. Gross, Seymour G. *Walsh, William J. H~s .. Paul W. Purcell, Charles J . Campbell, Kenneth *Turner, Fila H. Haithcock, June D., Jr. Warton, John F. H~ggms, Ethan B. Purcell, Kenneth E. Canney, Frank C. Van Ohlen, John Halub Raymond Weaver Marvin V. Jr.Higley, Warren A. Randle, David D. Chabot, James V. *Wadewitz, Walter F. Handlin, Daniel W. weeks, 'George R. ' "'Hitz, Frederick w., Jr. Randle, Jack Cleland, Henry G., Jr. Walsh, Thomas J. Hansen Herman C Welty, Jack w. Hodnett, Richard C. *Rapp, Lawrence B. Corbett, Marshall J. *Weisenberg, Joseph Herb, J~mes W. · Whittle, Claude B. Hoerath, John R. Reiland, Ronald R. Coyle, John J., Jr. 0. Hewitt, Floyd Wicker, David A. Hoffman, Burt A. Roberts, Lester B. Crawford, Nathan P. Welge, Leslie A. *Holcomb John W Wilcox, Charles E. Hoke, R,obert W. Roberts, Perry Custer, Robert E. *Wesper, Willis H. *Jacobus 'Neal . Wiles, Alfred B. Hricinak, Michael D. Robinson, Edward M. *Daniel, Charles L. Wessel, Robert L. Johnson' Frank E Wiskirchen, Richard L.Hubbard, Edward R. Robison, Charles w. Danta, Robert C. White, Rue W. ' · Woods, Kenneth G. *Hurd, Ernest L., Jr. "'Roddy, William T. *Ditch, William E .. Whiteman, Stephen J. Jones, Warren M. Woody, Ellis A. . *Hutchison, Earle G. Rosegrant, Angelo J., Dodson, Robert B. *Wicker, Whiting ~adel, Frank E. *Wroblewski, SigmundJablonski, Felix J. Jr. Dolan, Owen F. *Wiederspahn, Wil- KK~l~e~, LMeo N. R v. *Jenkins, James E. *Roth, Richard H. Doran, George T., Jr. lard H an z y, yron . Young, Lawrence L., *Johnson, Carl E. *Roth, William J., Jr. Dunn, George G. Wiegand: Robert A. Keith, H_ugh E. Jr. Johnson, Terry J. Rowe, Harrie J. Dunton, Stanley W. *Wilburn, William C., Kelly, Giles M. *Ziegler, George F. Jones, Arthur W,. Russell, Charles E. Easley, David E. Jr Kest, narold W. Adler, William C., Jr. Karlsven, George J. Rust, Dorvan T. Eberly, Paul A. Willls "P" "M" Kidd, Robert A. Aichele, Sylvester S. *Katz, Saul Ryan, George G. Euster, Jerold P: Wilso~. Richard J. Kirley, Thomas J. Aldridge, Ivers F. *Keatts, John C., Jr. Sackett, Albert M'. Everett, Travis E. Wood, William M. Kleffner, Frank P. Allen, Homer H. "'Kenney, Paul G. Schaer, Frederick D. Eyring, Joseph R. Wright, Graydon D. Klockenkemper, Jo- *Allen, Kirke M. Kessler, Roy J. Scheer, Lawrence~- ·Farren, William J. Zangel, Howard C. seph B. . Anderson, Charles 0 , Kilroy, Richard F. Schirmer, Adolph c. Finnigan, Robert J. Abrams, Robert c. Knueven, William H. Anderson, Lloyd F. Klym, Charles S. Schoenfeld, John R. Foy, George E. *Adair Lallance A. Koberg, Donald R. Baldwin, Thomas B.,Koepcke, W1lliam W. Schub Walter J. Frank, Irwin W. Arnold: Lemuel H. Kova:nic, Francis "J" Jr. Kohman, Robert N. •selm~n. Richard J . Frankiewicz, Edward Atcheson, George, 3d KruzlCk, George F. *Banister, Montgom-Kroencke, W1lliam H. Setterholm, Ralph G. J. *Baird, Lawrence I. Landtroop, Joe M. ery *Lagle, Robert D. Shaw, Arthur E. Garbarino, Andrew W., Beauboue!, James A Langevin, Gerald J. Beadles, Joseph W. Lamar, William w., Jr. Sherwin, Robert W. Jr. *Benassi, Dominic A. Largess, Clifton R., Jr. Bell, William B. Lang, Donald A. Sims, Clifford L., Jr. *~ibbons, John P. Beydler, Warren H. Leeds, Walter V. Berg, Leonard J. Larkin, Pauls. *Sisk Francis J. Gilbert, Glen w. Bill, Wells R., Jr. Lindbloom, Nils W. *Berquist, Paul Lawton, Richard C. Smith, Floyd E. Glore, William G. Bivins, William "F" :Lindquist, Dean H. Betz, Merle E. Leib, James M. Smith, Rush s. Graham, Mac A. Blade~ Charles p Line, Bryant W. Beumer, Everett H. Lincoln, John L., 4th Smith, Wallace E. Gramling, Alfred S. Boyki~. James o. · Lloyd, James F. Boland, Thomas G. Little, James w. Smith, Welborn.H. Gregory, Lyman E. Brooks, Bailey F·.; Jr, Locke, Robert P.' *Bradbury, Malcolm J Lobbregt, RObert B, Smith, William K. Grove, Leo H. Brown, Robert H., Jr. Long, David A. Brite, Murre! C. Lockhart, James A. Sokoloff, Norman Groves, John G., Jr. 902 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~SENATE FEBRUARY 7

Halwachs, Alois W. Sinclair, Thomas L. Green, Harold G. Poynter, Lewis L. The following-named officers to the grade~ Hargap, Ge.orge B., Jr.Smith, Walter R. "'Grifh\'1, Donald Ranzau, Walter W. and ranks indicated in the Supply Corps of Harlander, Douglas G.Spann, Willis L. *Gunth~r. Thomas M.Redmayne, Richard B. the Navy: Hart, Felix E., Jr. Sperandio, Joseph L. Haden, 'l'urner R. Redwine, "W" "J" ASSISTANT PAYMASTERS WITH THE RANK OF Hatch, Vyrl S. *Steffen, Ernest W. Hagler, Bmy E. Reynolds, Clifford G. LIEUTENANT (JUNIOR GRADE) Hawkins, Rex "E" Still, Raymond G. Hargrave, W}.J.liam R. Rhodes, William B. Amdahl, Olaf K. Lee, Andrew W. Hays, Lyle R. Storseth, Robert P. · Harvey, Jame~ H., Jr.Riley, Horace, Jr. Heile, Donald H. Sullivan, Richard P. Herman, William M. *Roberts, John C., Jr. Crull, Ford R. Heck, Charles B. Hershey, Kirk *Sweeny, Wilson J. Hesse, Theodore S. Rockwell, Kenneth L. Roberts, Thomas C., LaBonte, Charles L. *Heyl, James Tarrant, Bernerd R. Hines, William M. *Root, Thomas B. Jr. Thompson, Louis A., Hickman, Marion E. Taylor, Robert V. Hoeft, Edward G. Rowe, Donald E. Cates, William E. Jr. Hicks, Richard J. Ternasky, Eugene F. Hol'Qrook, James G. Rushin, '1'homas E. Kaufman, Frederick Hill, Robert A. Hiller, Raymond H. Thigpen, Francis Y. Hollingsworth, RobertRussell, George A., Jr. A. Ratcliffe, Russell S. Hudspeth, William L. Thomas, Charles M., J. Ryan, Eugene P. ASSISTANT PAYMASTERS WITH THE RANK Hylind, Kenneth G. Jr. Humphrey, George S.,Ryner, Evan H. OF ENSIGN Jacobs, Ralph, Jr. Thomas, Robert B. Jr. Sally, Aloysius Andersen, Mark E. Kirchoff, D_onald J. James, John C. Thorndike, David M. Johnson, Harold E. Schermerhorn, Dale V. Bahl, Donald W. Kompanek, Andrew Jenkins, Glen E. Tierney, William J. Johnson, Olaf C. "'Schmidt, Herbert T. Brauer, Robert W. "J", Jr. "'Jester, Walter H. "'Tollenaere, Lawrence Jones, Harold L. · Schmieder, Arthur H. Conard, Melvin L. Leonard, Wilson B. - Junk, Winfield H. R. Keeler, Charles B. Serrell, Andrew Cross, Sydney E. Lewis, Joseph E. Kanapicki, Kasimir Tuck, Charles W. Kempf,' Lawrence A. *Shimp, Robert P. Davis, Richard M. Lightner, Thomas A. Karch, Ernest J. Vanderpool, _J~y R. Kutchera, Dean J. Shrake, Francis B. Eddleman, John P. L. Keating, cornelius F. Vantram, Wilham A., Laakso, Leslie R. Shumaker, Charles E. Ewing, Ray S. Lillis, James F. *Keller, Wally K. Jr. Landry, Adelard F. Smith, Hugh W. Gavey, Harry E. Lundquist, Lawrence Kelly, Dean E. ~all, Charles L. Larue, Wilbur H. Smith, Joseph E., 3d Gudgeon, Albert G. E. Kelly Fonville ·watson, Raymond S. Latch, Herbert Smith, Rodney N. Hackett, John J. Maggard, Talmadge P; Kelly: Robert R. Weaver, ~eith T. Lawson, Jacob F. Smolen, Francis E. Jack, Ralph H. Mandich, Donald R. Keyes, Thomas E. We?b, Milton G. Lindsley, Jack N. Smyth, Robert P. Kallaus, Alfred R., Jr.Masterson, James E. Killian, Ray A. We1r, Saxt