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The German Islam Conference and the Structuration of Muslims in Germany Muslim Positions in the Religio-Organisational Fields of Denmark, Germany and England Vinding, Niels Valdemar Publication date: 2013 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Citation for published version (APA): Vinding, N. V. (2013). Muslim Positions in the Religio-Organisational Fields of Denmark, Germany and England. Det Teologiske Fakultet. Publikationer fra Det Teologiske Fakultet No. 42 http://www.teol.ku.dk/Forskning/publikationer/ Download date: 30. Sep. 2021 NIELS VALDEMAR VINDING NIELS VALDEMAR ISBN 978-87-91838-58-3 NIELS VALDEMAR VINDING Muslim Positions in the Religio-Organisational Fields of Denmark, Germany and England Muslim Positions in the Religio-Organisational Fields of Denmark, Germany and England NIELS VALDEMAR VINDING Muslim Positions in the Religio-Organisational Fields of Denmark, Germany and England Publikationer fra Det Teologiske Fakultet 42 NIELS VALDEMAR VINDING NIELS VALDEMAR ISBN 978-87-91838-58-3 NIELS VALDEMAR VINDING Muslim Positions in the Religio-Organisational Fields of Denmark, Germany and England Muslim Positions in the Religio-Organisational Fields of Denmark, Germany and England NIELS VALDEMAR VINDING Muslim Positions in the Religio-Organisational Fields of Denmark, Germany and England Publikationer fra Det Teologiske Fakultet 42 Muslim Positions in the Religio-Organisational Fields of Denmark, Germany and England Muslim Positions in the Religio-Organisational Fields of Denmark, Germany and England Niels Valdemar Vinding PhD Thesis, submitted 1 March 2013 Centre for European Islamic Thought, Faculty of Theology, University of Copenhagen Muslim Positions in the Religio‐Organisational Fields of Denmark, Germany and Britain Niels Valdemar Vinding Publications from the Faculty of Theology no. 42 © 2013 Niels Valdemar Vinding ISBN 978‐87‐91838‐58‐3 (trykt) ISBN 978‐87‐91838‐70‐5 (pdf) Submitted on 1 march 2013 for the degree of PhD at the Faculty of Theology, University of Copenhagen under the academic supervision of Jørgen S. Nielsen Cover photo made available by Zontik Games and edited by Marcus Grønbech. Front page layout by Betinna Hovgaard‐Schulze Printing and binding by: Grafisk – University of Copenhagen University of Copenhagen 2013 Published by The Faculty of Theology University of Copenhagen Købmagergade 44‐46 DK – 1150 København K Denmark For KMK and AMV Thank you for making the difficult parts a little easier and for being there when even the easiest proved incredibly difficult. Contents Chapter One: Introduction ............................................................................ 5 1.1 The challenge of modelling Islam and Muslim organisations ............5 1.2 The religio-organisational field and the ‘peculiar game of chess’ ......6 1.3 What’s at stake?...................................................................................8 1.4 The original application.......................................................................9 1.5 Method and epistemological approach..............................................11 1.6 Outline of the structure......................................................................14 1.7 Acknowledgements ...........................................................................16 Chapter Two: Theories, Concepts and an Analytical Strategy of the Religio-Organisational Field ......................................................................17 2.0 Introduction .......................................................................................17 2.1 Models...............................................................................................19 2.1.1 Clifford Geertz and the two sides of models ..............................19 2.1.2 Talal Asad’s postcolonial criticism of Geertz’ definition of religion .................................................................................................22 2.2 Field...................................................................................................25 2.2.1 Pierre Bourdieu and fields of social reality.................................25 2.2.2 Religious fields ...........................................................................32 2.3 Institutions and organisations............................................................37 2.3.1 Institutions, institutionalisation and neoinstitutionalism ............38 2.3.2 Organisations, organisational theory and organisational environments........................................................................................48 2.3.3 Organisational fields ...................................................................51 2.4 Norms ................................................................................................55 2.4.1 Introduction and a little context to the present study of norms...55 2.4.2 “What, then, is a norm?”.............................................................57 2.4.3 Legal norms ................................................................................59 2.4.4 Social norms................................................................................61 2.4.5 Norms as common denominators................................................63 2.4.6 Norms as instruments of examination.........................................66 2.4.7 Norms as procedural management of risk ..................................69 2.5 Symbols, representations and requisite variety .................................72 2.5.1 Symbolic capital and symbolic power ........................................72 2 Contents 2.5.2 Representation.............................................................................75 2.5.3 Requisite variety .........................................................................77 2.6 Conclusion: the religio-organisational field and the analytical strategy to approach it...........................................................................................80 2.6.1 The analytical strategy of the religio-organisational field ..........81 2.6.2 The hidden imposition of arbitrary principles of division ..........83 Chapter Three: The Governing Models of Church, State and Religion Relations in Europe.....................................................................................87 3.1 Introduction .......................................................................................87 3.2 The governing paradigm of models and modelling...........................90 3.2.1 First phase of modelling: church and state .................................93 3.2.2 Second phase of modelling: religion and state ...........................96 3.2.3 Third phase of modelling: the Islamic challenge......................102 3.3 “The peril of modelling” and other criticisms.................................105 3.4 Fragments of alternatives ................................................................110 3.5 Conclusions and steps towards the religio-organisational field ......113 Chapter Four: Outlines of the Religio-Organisational Fields in............... 117 Denmark, Germany and England ............................................................. 117 4.1 Introduction: Muslims in the religio-organisational field ...............117 4.2 An outline of the religio-organisational field in Denmark..............120 4.2.1 History of regulation of religion in Denmark ...........................121 4.2.2 Current status of law and religion in Denmark.........................123 4.2.3 Islam and Muslim organisations in Denmark ...........................129 4.2.4 The religio-organisational field in Denmark.............................133 4.3 An outline of the religio-organisational field in Germany..............135 4.3.1 History of religion and state relations in Germany...................136 4.3.2 Current status of law and religion in Germany.........................140 4.3.3 Islam and Muslim organisations in Germany ...........................146 4.3.4 The religio-organisational Field in Germany............................149 4.4 An outline of the religio-organisational field in England................152 4.4.1 History of regulation of religion in England.............................152 4.4.2 Current status of law and religion in England ..........................155 4.4.3 Islam in England .......................................................................158 4.4.4 Muslim organisations and institutions in England....................161 4.4.5 The religio-organisational Field in England .............................163 4.5 Conclusions .....................................................................................165 Contents 3 Chapter Five: The Advisory Committee on Religious Denominations, Danish Muslim Organisations and the fundamental dividers in the religio- organisational field in Denmark. ..............................................................167 5.1 Introduction .....................................................................................167 5.2 From defunct recognition to new procedural rules .........................170 5.3 Muslim organisations and fifty years of struggle for recognition ...173 5.3.1 Recognition of Islam as religious community ..........................174 5.3.2 An association ‘whose primary purpose is god worship’ .........176 5.3.3 Organisational structure and institutional stability ...................178 5.4 The consecration of arbitrary boundaries........................................179 5.5 Conclusion: Limited Muslim positions ...........................................183 Chapter Six: The German Islam Conference and the
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