DOCSLIB.ORG

Performance of Bark Beetle Damaged Norway Spruce Wood Against Water and Fungal Decay

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Performance of Bark Beetle Damaged Norway Spruce Wood Against Water and Fungal Decay PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE bioresources.com Performance of Bark Beetle Damaged Norway Spruce Wood Against Water and Fungal Decay Davor Kržišnik, Boštjan Lesar, Nejc Thaler, and Miha Humar * Norway spruce is one of the most important wood species in Central Europe. Unfortunately, bark beetles have prominently attacked spruce trees. Bark beetles colonize wood in symbiosis with ophiostomatoid fungi, which is visible in prominent blue staining. This reduces the commercial value of the infested wood. The relevant properties of blue stained wood were therefore determined: bending and compression strength, sorption properties, DVS analysis, water uptake, and durability against wood decay fungi. This information was applied in the Meyer-Veltrup model for assessment of material resistance. Scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed severe infestation of blue stained wood, which was also evident from the color of the specimens. The mechanical properties were almost unaffected, as were the sorption properties. However, the durability and water exclusion efficacy of blue stained wood were considerably decreased, which indicates that decay can be expected to appear faster on blue stained wood than on control-untreated wood specimens. Keywords: Bark beetle; Blue stain; Durability; Norway spruce; Sap stain; Water performance; Wood decay fungi Contact information: University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; *Corresponding author: [email protected] INTRODUCTION Norway spruce (Picea abies) is one of the most important wood species in Central Europe. The growing of spruce wood has been promoted even in regions in which this tree species is not naturally present. Spruce in these locations is fairly susceptible to various abiotic and biotic factors (Repe et al. 2013). The health of the forest thus decreases and the percentage of sanitary felling increases. Damage caused by insects, mostly bark beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytinae), is the most important reason for sanitary felling of Norway spruce in Central Europe, followed by pathogenic fungi and windthrow (Repe et al. 2013). The most devastating effects of bark beetles on spruce trees in Central Europe are associated with Ips typographus, Pityogenes chalcographus, Ips amitinus, and Polygraphus poligraphus (Kirisits 2001; Repe et al. 2015). Ips typographus is predominately aggressive towards Norway spruce. This beetle develops on weakened or freshly harvested trees. The damage caused by bark beetles has even increased due to global warming in the last decade (Repe et al. 2013). Bark beetles are well-known vectors of ophiostomatoid fungi. These fungi are introduced into a new host tree during bark-beetle attacks and the construction of their egg galleries (Harrington 2005; Jankowiak et al. 2009). Bark beetles carry the fungal spores on specialized structures called mycangium, or freely on their bodies. The spores can also be eaten and passed through the digestive tract (Paine et al. 1997). Wood colonization by ophiostomatoid fungi can lead to blue to grey discoloration of the sapwood, which is Kržišnik et al. (2018). “Blue stained wood,” BioResources 13(2), 3473-3486. 3473 PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE bioresources.com frequently referred to as blue stain or sap stain (Humar et al. 2008; Ratnasingam et al. 2016). Discoloration is a result of the micro-organismal pigment, melanin (Zink and Fengel 1989; Hernandez et al. 2016). Blue stain is a blue, grey, or black striped discoloration on wood. Fungi causing blue stain consume nutrients in the parenchyma cells of sapwood. However, in certain cases, enzymes associated with degradation have been determined; for instance, mannanase, pectinase, and amylase have been detected (Schirp et al. 2003). Although blue stain fungi belong to the same group of fungi as soft rot fungi (Troya et al. 1990), it is generally assumed that blue stain fungi do not cause any minor cell wall attack, so strength properties are hardly affected (Schmid 2006; Humar et al. 2008). It is presumed that fungal hyphae grow on the internal face of cell walls, without any enzymatical alteration on the surface (Liese 1964). However, some hyphae of blue stain fungi have also been seen within parenchyma cell walls (Liese 1964), or even between cell walls in the middle lamella region, which can affect the mechanical properties. Furthermore, blue stain fungi produce intra- and extracellular enzymes, some of which can degrade polysaccharides and pectins. Enzymes that degrade lignin are also present (Troya et al. 1990; Sharpe and Dickinson 1992). Ophiostomatoid fungi, as well as other blue stain and sap stain fungi, affect wood permeability. These fungi are thus frequently used for bio-incising, a biotechnological method designed to enhance the permeability of refractory wood species by incubation with wood-inhabiting fungi or bacteria (Lehringer et al. 2010; Thaler et al. 2012). The most frequently used organism for a variety of biotechnological processes in the wood processing industry is called Cartapip 97. It is an albino strain of Ophiostoma piliferum (Mai et al. 2004). An increase in wood permeability is presumably induced by the selective degradation of pit membranes in bordered and half-bordered pits, entailing only negligible changes in the tracheid cell wall. The influence of micro-organisms on the permeability of wood has been known for some decades (Mai et al. 2004). The main aim of this study was to elucidate how decreased moisture performance influences the service life of blue stained wood in aboveground applications. Water performance can be described as an ability of the wood to restrain water uptake during rainfall events and to release the water as fast as possible in order to keep moisture content below threshold required for fungal decay. The material resistance of wood in an aboveground application is a function of inherent durability (as a consequence of the presence of biocides and/or biologically active extractives) and water performance (Meyer-Veltrup et al. 2017). The inherent durability of spruce is low, so good water performance efficacy considerably influences the material resistance of wood outdoors. Because the water performance of blue stained wood is presumably considerably reduced, it is of great commercial importance in forecasting the service life of blue stained wood. Material resistance is a key piece of data for the majority of the service life prediction models. However, information on material resistance is not sufficient to estimate service life, as service life in addition to material resistance depends on micro and macro climate, as well as conditions of use. EXPERIMENTAL In the frame of the present study, basic properties of blue stained and control wood were determined. These properties included mechanical properties (bending and compression strength), color, sorption properties, water uptake, and durability against Kržišnik et al. (2018). “Blue stained wood,” BioResources 13(2), 3473-3486. 3474 PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE bioresources.com wood decay fungi. Some of these data were applied in a material resistance model (Meyer- Veltrup et al. 2017). This approach enables comprehensive assessment of quality of blue stained wood. Materials The research was performed on Norway spruce (Picea abies) wood. The wood originated from central Slovenia and had grown between 500 and 700 m above sea level. The diameter of the trees was between 35 and 45 cm. There were two types of wood used; control samples were made of undamaged spruce, without visible signs of decay or blue staining. The second set of specimens was made of wood from spruce trees that had been felled due to attack by European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) and were severely infested with Ophiostomatoid fungi, which causes blue staining. This material in the present study is therefore identified as blue stained wood. The density of the samples and ring width of the two sets of specimens were comparable. Color of Wood The color of the specimens was determined from scanned specimens and expressed in the CIE L*a*b* system (Humar et al. 2008). The L*-axis represents the lightness, while, a* and b* are the chromaticity coordinates. In the CIE L*a*b* coordinates, +a* stands for red, -a* for green, +b* for yellow, -b* for blue, and L* varies from 100 (white) to zero (black). Any color can thus be characterized (Brock et al. 2000). Mechanical Properties Static three-point bending tests were performed according to the EN 310 standard (CEN 1993) on a Zwick-Roell Z005 universal testing machine (Zwick-Roell, Ulm, Germany) to obtain the modulus of elasticity (MoE - bending) and bending strength (Fm – bending strength). In total, 20 test specimens (10 replicates for each specimen type) with dimensions 100 mm × 20 mm × 5 mm were prepared and conditioned in a standard climate (relative humidity = 65 ± 5%; temperature = 20 ± 2 °C) until a constant mass of the specimens was achieved. The specimens were tested for MoE and Fm immediately after incubation in the standard climate. Compressive strength (Fm - compression) was determined according to the ASTM D1037-12 (2012) standard on a Zwick-Roell Z100 universal testing machine (Zwick-Roell, Ulm, Germany). In total, 20 test specimens (10 for each specimen type) with dimensions 50 mm × 20 mm × 20 mm were prepared and incubated in a standard climate until a constant mass of the specimens was achieved. The specimens were tested for compressive strength immediately after incubation in the standard climate. After the test, the compressive strength (Fm) was calculated. Specimens used for mechanical properties were also used for determination of density. Density was determined after conditioning in a standard climate (RH = 65 ± 5 %; T = 20 ± 2 °C). In order to calculate density, all three dimensions of specimens were measured, and their mass was then determined. Density was determined on all 40 specimens. SEM Analysis Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to confirm the presence of fungal hyphae in the wood. Specimens were prepared, ensuring that they were oriented in all three anatomical planes, cutting the surface of each anatomical plane with a sliding Kržišnik et al.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A New Species of Antrodia (Basidiomycota, Polypores) from China
    Mycosphere 8(7): 878–885 (2017) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/8/7/4 Copyright © Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences A new species of Antrodia (Basidiomycota, Polypores) from China Chen YY, Wu F* Institute of Microbiology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China Chen YY, Wu F 2017 –A new species of Antrodia (Basidiomycota, Polypores) from China. Mycosphere 8(7), 878–885, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/8/7/4 Abstract A new species, Antrodia monomitica sp. nov., is described and illustrated from China based on morphological characters and molecular evidence. It is characterized by producing annual, fragile and nodulose basidiomata, a monomitic hyphal system with clamp connections on generative hyphae, hyaline, thin-walled and fusiform to mango-shaped basidiospores (6–7.5 × 2.3– 3 µm), and causing a typical brown rot. In phylogenetic analysis inferred from ITS and nLSU rDNA sequences, the new species forms a distinct lineage in the Antrodia s. l., and has a close relationship with A. oleracea. Key words – Fomitopsidaceae – phylogenetic analysis – taxonomy – wood-decaying fungi Introduction Antrodia P. Karst., typified with Polyporus serpens Fr. (=Antrodia albida (Fr.) Donk (Donk 1960, Ryvarden 1991), is characterized by a resupinate to effused-reflexed growth habit, white or pale colour of the context, a dimitic hyphal system with clamp connections on generative hyphae, hyaline, thin-walled, cylindrical to very narrow ellipsoid basidiospores which are negative in Melzer’s reagent and Cotton Blue, and causing a brown rot (Ryvarden & Melo 2014). Antrodia is a highly heterogeneous genus which is closely related to Fomitopsis P.
    [Show full text]
  • Polypore Diversity in North America with an Annotated Checklist
    Mycol Progress (2016) 15:771–790 DOI 10.1007/s11557-016-1207-7 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Polypore diversity in North America with an annotated checklist Li-Wei Zhou1 & Karen K. Nakasone2 & Harold H. Burdsall Jr.2 & James Ginns3 & Josef Vlasák4 & Otto Miettinen5 & Viacheslav Spirin5 & Tuomo Niemelä 5 & Hai-Sheng Yuan1 & Shuang-Hui He6 & Bao-Kai Cui6 & Jia-Hui Xing6 & Yu-Cheng Dai6 Received: 20 May 2016 /Accepted: 9 June 2016 /Published online: 30 June 2016 # German Mycological Society and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 Abstract Profound changes to the taxonomy and classifica- 11 orders, while six other species from three genera have tion of polypores have occurred since the advent of molecular uncertain taxonomic position at the order level. Three orders, phylogenetics in the 1990s. The last major monograph of viz. Polyporales, Hymenochaetales and Russulales, accom- North American polypores was published by Gilbertson and modate most of polypore species (93.7 %) and genera Ryvarden in 1986–1987. In the intervening 30 years, new (88.8 %). We hope that this updated checklist will inspire species, new combinations, and new records of polypores future studies in the polypore mycota of North America and were reported from North America. As a result, an updated contribute to the diversity and systematics of polypores checklist of North American polypores is needed to reflect the worldwide. polypore diversity in there. We recognize 492 species of polypores from 146 genera in North America. Of these, 232 Keywords Basidiomycota . Phylogeny . Taxonomy . species are unchanged from Gilbertson and Ryvarden’smono- Wood-decaying fungus graph, and 175 species required name or authority changes.
    [Show full text]
  • Wood Research Indoor Fungal Destroyers of Wooden Materials – Their Identification in Present Review
    WOOD RESEARCH 63 (2): 2018 203-214 INDOOR FUNGAL DESTROYERS OF WOODEN MATERIALS – THEIR IDENTIFICATION IN PRESENT REVIEW Ján Gáper Technical University in Zvolen, Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Department of Biology and Ecology Zvolen, Slovak Republic et University of Ostrava Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology Ostrava, Czech Republic Svetlana Gáperová, Terézia Gašparcová, Simona Kvasnová Matej Bel University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic Peter Pristaš Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Biology and Ecology Košice, Slovak Republic Kateřina Náplavová University of Ostrava, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology Ostrava, Czech Republic et University of Minho Ceb-Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus De Gualtar Braga, Portugal (Received January 2018) ABSTRACT The wood-destroying fungi traditionally were separated from one another primarily on a basis of their sporocarp and/or strain morphology. Their diversity and simple macro- and 203 WOOD RESEARCH micromorphology of fungal structures have been major obstacles for more rapid progress in this regard. However, over the past two decades, there has been substantial progress in our understanding of genetic variability within traditionally recognized morphospecies. In this study we have overviewed genetic variation and phylogeography of macrofungi, which are important destroyers of wooden materials indoor of buildings. Several morphologically defined species of these fungal destroyers (Coniophora puteana, C. olivacea, C. arida, Serpula himantioides) have been shown to actually encompass several genetically isolated lineages (cryptic species). The protective efficacy against cryptic species within traditionally recognized morphospecies through laboratory tests (EN 113) and field trials (EN 252) might be sufficient to better prognosis of decay development in wooden materials for hazard assessment and for proper conservation and management plans.
    [Show full text]
  • Influence of Soil Characteristics on Wood Biodeterioration by Brown
    applied sciences Article Influence of Soil Characteristics on Wood Biodeterioration by Brown Rot Fungi Javier Ribera 1,* , Elisabeth Michel 2 and Francis W. M. R. Schwarze 1 1 Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa, 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland; [email protected] 2 Laboratory for Advanced Fibers, Empa, 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 21 November 2020; Accepted: 9 December 2020; Published: 10 December 2020 Abstract: Soil conditions can directly influence the inoculum potential of wood decay fungi, which is likely to be a major factor in the premature failure of utility poles across Europe. The objective of our study was to assess the influence of soil pH, humic acid and iron on wood decay. For this purpose, we incubated Fe-impregnated wood specimens on artificial medium to evaluate the influence of the metal on the activity of brown rot fungi. Moreover, the impact of Cu-leaching from impregnated wood specimens that were exposed to humic acid solutions was measured. In addition, weight losses caused by brown rot fungi in impregnated wood pole segments and stiffness (Young’s modulus of Elasticity) of Cu-impregnated wood specimens were quantified. The pH measurements showed that the soil samples were slightly acid (pH = 6.7 0.7). In comparison to non-impregnated controls, ± the Fe-impregnated samples significantly increased weight losses by brown rot fungi (>30–40%). In the presence of humic acid the release of copper from chromium-free wood preservatives (up to 1 143.34 mg L− ) was enhanced. Weight losses in impregnated wood segments by brown rot fungi ranged from 5.3 to 20.4%.
    [Show full text]
  • A Revised Family-Level Classification of the Polyporales (Basidiomycota)
    fungal biology 121 (2017) 798e824 journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/funbio A revised family-level classification of the Polyporales (Basidiomycota) Alfredo JUSTOa,*, Otto MIETTINENb, Dimitrios FLOUDASc, € Beatriz ORTIZ-SANTANAd, Elisabet SJOKVISTe, Daniel LINDNERd, d €b f Karen NAKASONE , Tuomo NIEMELA , Karl-Henrik LARSSON , Leif RYVARDENg, David S. HIBBETTa aDepartment of Biology, Clark University, 950 Main St, Worcester, 01610, MA, USA bBotanical Museum, University of Helsinki, PO Box 7, 00014, Helsinki, Finland cDepartment of Biology, Microbial Ecology Group, Lund University, Ecology Building, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden dCenter for Forest Mycology Research, US Forest Service, Northern Research Station, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, 53726, WI, USA eScotland’s Rural College, Edinburgh Campus, King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK fNatural History Museum, University of Oslo, PO Box 1172, Blindern, NO 0318, Oslo, Norway gInstitute of Biological Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern, N-0316, Oslo, Norway article info abstract Article history: Polyporales is strongly supported as a clade of Agaricomycetes, but the lack of a consensus Received 21 April 2017 higher-level classification within the group is a barrier to further taxonomic revision. We Accepted 30 May 2017 amplified nrLSU, nrITS, and rpb1 genes across the Polyporales, with a special focus on the Available online 16 June 2017 latter. We combined the new sequences with molecular data generated during the Poly- Corresponding Editor: PEET project and performed Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses. Ursula Peintner Analyses of our final 3-gene dataset (292 Polyporales taxa) provide a phylogenetic overview of the order that we translate here into a formal family-level classification.
    [Show full text]
  • The Phylogenetic Position of Postia S.L. (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from Patagonia, Argentina
    Mycologia, 105(2), 2013, pp. 357–367. DOI: 10.3852/12-088 # 2013 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 The phylogenetic position of Postia s.l. (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from Patagonia, Argentina M.B. Pildain Key words: Antrodia clade, mating type, molecu- M. Rajchenberg1 lar phylogeny, nuclear behavior, Ryvardenia A´ rea de Proteccio´n Forestal, Centro de Investigacio´n y Extensio´n Forestal Andino Patago´nico, C.C. 14, 9200 Esquel, Chubut, Argentina, and Consejo Nacional de INTRODUCTION Investigaciones Cientı´ficas y Te´cnicas (CONICET), Argentina Brown-rot polypores that display a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and thin- to thick-walled basidiospores have been included mostly Abstract: We investigated the phylogenetic relation- in the genus Postia Fr., one of the largest genera in ships of Postia species from Patagonia with rDNA ITS the the Polyporales (Basidiomycota). The genus was and LSU sequences, together with morphological, characterized on the basis of its morphological and cultural and biological features. All species in the cultural features, mating system and nuclear behavior genus were included in a ‘‘Postia clade’’ irrespective of the mycelium by David (1980). In brief, she neatly of whether their spores were thin- or thick-walled. distinguished species in this genus (treated as This clade is characterized by tetrapolar mating, a Spongiporus Murrill, a taxonomic synonym) by their normal nuclear behavior, metachromatic generative (i) monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and absence of fiber hyphae in culture. One hyphae with walls that are irregularly thickened in subclade merged the austral taxa P. pelliculosa and P.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Phylogeny and Taxonomy of Fibroporia (Basidiomycota) in China
    Phytotaxa 203 (1): 047–054 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.203.1.4 Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of Fibroporia (Basidiomycota) in China YUAN-YUAN CHEN, HAI-JIAO LI & BAO-KAI CUI* Institute of Microbiology, PO Box 61, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China * Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected] Abstract Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies on the Chinese species of Fibroporia were carried out. Fibroporia albicans sp. nov. is described and illustrated on the basis of collections originating from Jiangxi and Xizang provinces, based on morphology and phylogenetic analysis of ITS rDNA sequences. Morphologically, it is characterized by resupinate, annual basidiocarps, white to cream-colored pore surface when fresh, becoming cream to cream-buff upon drying, small pores (6–8 per mm), presence of white to cream rhizomorphs, a dimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, fusoid cystidioles, and oblong to ellipsoid basidiospores; moreover, it causes a brown rot. Molecular data suggested a close relationship between Fibroporia albicans and F. citrina. Six species of Fibroporia form a monophyletic entity with 100% MP and 1.00 BPP sup- ports. An identification key to the Chinese species of Fibroporia is provided. Key words: brown-rot fungi; Fomitopsidaceae; ITS; polypore; taxonomy Introduction Fibroporia was described by Parmasto (1968) with Polyporus vaillantii DC. as the generic type, to accommodate species with fimbriate to rhizomorphic margin and ellipsoid and slightly thick-walled basidiospores, and proposed the following combinations: Fibroporia vaillantii (DC.) Parmasto, F.
    [Show full text]
  • Erythrophleum Suaveolens) on Wood Rot Fungi
    PRINT ISSN 1119-8362 Full-text Available Online at J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. Electronic ISSN 1119-8362 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem Vol. 23 (9) 1685-1690 September 2019 http://ww.bioline.org.br/ja Antifungal Activity of Compounds obtained from Sawdust and Stem Bark of Sasswood Tree (Erythrophleum suaveolens) on Wood Rot Fungi *1EKHUEMELO, DO; 1AGBIDYE, FS; 2ANYAM, JV; 3EKHUEMELO, C; 2IGOLI, JO 1Department of Forest Production and Products, 2Department of Chemistry, 3Department of Crop and Environmental Protection, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]; Tel: +234- 07031332803 ABSTRACT: Extracts and compounds from the sawdust and stem bark of Erythrophleum suaveolens were studied for antifungal activity. The plant materials were extracted using hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol to obtain the crude extracts. Column chromatography over silica gel was used to purify the extracts and obtain pure compounds. Betulin and 21- acetoxylupenone were obtained from the stem bark and cycloeucalenol from the sawdust. The compounds were very active on most of the fungi with zones of inhibition between 18 to 23 mm. Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) was highest at 50 µg/mL against Aspergillus fumigatus, Coniophora puteana, Fibroporia vaillantii, Fomitopsis pinicoca, Gloeophyllum sepiarium, Phaeolus schweinitzii and Rhizopus spp. whereas antifungal activity was least at MFC of 200 µg/mL. The study demonstrated that E. suaveolens stem bark and sawdust isolates possess antifungal activity and could be used in the control of the soft-rot, brown-rot, wet rot and white-rot of wood and diseases caused by wood fungi. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v23i9.13 Copyright: Copyright © 2019 Ekhuemelo et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity of Fungi, Causing Wood Biodeterioration in Buildings in Poland Against the Background of Research Conducted in Other European Countries
    Biodiversity of Fungi, Causing Wood Biodeterioration In Buildings In Poland Against The Background Of Research Conducted In Other European Countries. Bogusław Adam Andres ( [email protected] ) Warsaw University of Life Sciences: Szkola Glowna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1430-6786 Krzysztof J. Krajewski Warsaw University of Life Sciences: Szkola Glowna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie Izabela Betlej Warsaw University of Life Sciences: Szkola Glowna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie Research Article Keywords: house-rot fungi, wood-decaying fungi, biodiversity, survey research Posted Date: July 14th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-679759/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/13 Abstract The paper presents the results of surveys on the diversity of wood-destroying fungi in buildings and wooden engineering structures outdoors in Poland. The respondents reported a total of 48 species and genus of wood-degrading Basidiomycetes. The greatest species diversity of wood-degrading fungi was found on open-air engineering structures (33 species), the second location in terms of biodiversity was unused residential buildings (30 species), the lowest biodiversity was found in the used residential buildings (21 species).The most common fungi in the buildings were Serpula lacrymans (24.8%), Coniophora puteana (14.1%) and Fibroporia vaillantii (13.8%). The prevalence of S. lacrymans and C. puteana in buildings in Poland is similar to the European average. The occurrence of indoor polypores group (Amyloporia sinuosa, Fibroporia vaillantii, Neoantrodia serialis) in Poland is twice as high as the European average.
    [Show full text]
  • An Inventory of Fungal Diversity in Ohio Research Thesis Presented In
    An Inventory of Fungal Diversity in Ohio Research Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with research distinction in the undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University by Django Grootmyers The Ohio State University April 2021 1 ABSTRACT Fungi are a large and diverse group of eukaryotic organisms that play important roles in nutrient cycling in ecosystems worldwide. Fungi are poorly documented compared to plants in Ohio despite 197 years of collecting activity, and an attempt to compile all the species of fungi known from Ohio has not been completed since 1894. This paper compiles the species of fungi currently known from Ohio based on vouchered fungal collections available in digitized form at the Mycology Collections Portal (MyCoPortal) and other online collections databases and new collections by the author. All groups of fungi are treated, including lichens and microfungi. 69,795 total records of Ohio fungi were processed, resulting in a list of 4,865 total species-level taxa. 250 of these taxa are newly reported from Ohio in this work. 229 of the taxa known from Ohio are species that were originally described from Ohio. A number of potentially novel fungal species were discovered over the course of this study and will be described in future publications. The insights gained from this work will be useful in facilitating future research on Ohio fungi, developing more comprehensive and modern guides to Ohio fungi, and beginning to investigate the possibility of fungal conservation in Ohio. INTRODUCTION Fungi are a large and very diverse group of organisms that play a variety of vital roles in natural and agricultural ecosystems: as decomposers (Lindahl, Taylor and Finlay 2002), mycorrhizal partners of plant species (Van Der Heijden et al.
    [Show full text]
  • DECAY of LIVING WESTERN REDCEDAR: a LITERATURE REVIEW Sturrock, R.N., Braybrooks, A.V., Reece, P.F
    CANADIAN FOREST SERVICE CANADIAN WOOD FIBRE CENTRE DECAY OF LIVING WESTERN REDCEDAR: A LITERATURE REVIEW Sturrock, R.N., Braybrooks, A.V., Reece, P.F. INFORMATION REPORT FI-X-014 The Canadian Wood Fibre Centre brings together forest sector researchers to develop solutions for the Canadian forest sector’s wood fibre related industries in an environmentally responsible manner. Its mission is to create innovative knowledge to expand the economic opportunities for the forest sector to benefit from Canadian wood fibre. The Canadian Wood Fibre Centre operates within the CFS, but under the umbrella of FPInnovations’ Board of Directors. FPInnovations is the world’s largest private, not-for- profit forest research institute. With over 500 employees spread across Canada, FPInnovations unites the individual strengths of each of these internationally recognized forest research and development institutes into a single, greater force. For more information, visit FPInnovations.ca. Additional information on Canadian Wood Fibre Centre research is available online at nrcan.gc.ca/forests/researchcentres/ cwfc/13457. To download or order additional copies of this publication, visit the website Canadian Forest Service Publications at http://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/publications. Decay of Living Western Redcedar: A Literature Review Rona N. Sturrock1, Ann V. Braybrooks2, and Pamela F. Reece3 Natural Resources Canada Canadian Forest Service Canadian Wood Fibre Centre Information Report FI-X-14 2017 1Rona N. Sturrock - Research Scientist (retired), Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, BC 2Ann V. Braybrooks - Science Writer, Victoria, BC 3Pamela F. Reece - Currently Aquatic Scientist, Stantec, Victoria, BC Natural Resources Canada Canadian Forest Service Pacific Forestry Centre 506 West Burnside Road Victoria, British Columbia V8Z 1M5 Tel.: 250-363-0600 http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/forests/research-centres/pfc/13489 Unless otherwise noted, all photos were provided by Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service.
    [Show full text]
  • Building Mycology Other Titles from E & FN Spon
    Building Mycology Other titles from E & FN Spon Homes and Health How housing and health interact B.Ineichen Paperback (0-419-17100-2), 208 pages Healthy Housing: a practical guide R.Ranson Paperback (0-419-15400-0), 304 pages Unhealthy Housing Research, remedies and reform R.Burridge and D.Ormandy Hardback (0-419-15410-8), 480 pages Wood Preservation Second edition B.A.Richardson Hardback (0-419-17490-7), 240 pages Wood: Decay, pests and protection R.Eaton and M.Hale Hardback (0-412-53120-8), 560 pages For more information about these and other titles please contact: The Promotion Department, E & FN Spon, 2–6 Boundary Row, London SE1 8HN Telephone 071–522– 9966 Building Mycology Management of decay and health in buildings Edited by JAGJIT SINGH BSc, MSc, PhD, CBIOL, MIBIOL, AIWSc, FIRTS Associate Director Oscar Faber Consulting Engineers St Albans, UK E & FN SPON An Imprint of Chapman & Hall London • Glasgow • Weinheim • New York • Tokyo • Melbourne • Madras Published by E & FN Spon, an imprint of Chapman & Hall, 2–6 Boundary Row, London SE1 8HN, UK Chapman & Hall, 2–6 Boundary Row, London SEI 8HN, UK Blackie Academic & Professional, Wester Cleddens Road, Bishopbriggs, Glasgow G64 2NZ, UK Chapman & Hall GmbH, Pappelallee 3, 69469 Weinheim, Germany Chapman & Hall USA, One Penn Plaza, 41st Floor, New York NY 10119, USA Chapman & Hall Japan, ITP-Japan, Kyowa Building, 3F, 2–2–1 Hirakawacho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102, Japan Chapman & Hall Australia, Thomas Nelson Australia, 102 Dodds Street, South Melbourne, Victoria 3205, Australia Chapman & Hall India, R.Seshadri, 32 Second Main Road, CIT East, Madras 600 035, India First edition 1994 This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005.
    [Show full text]