Reference number of working document: ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22/WG20 N??? Date: 1999-06-11 Reference number of document: ISO/IEC draft FPDTR3 14652 Committee identification: ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22 Secretariat: ANSI Information technology — Specification method for cultural conventions Technologies de l’information — Méthode de modélisation des conventions culturelles 1 Document type: International standard Document subtype: if applicable Document stage: (40) Enquiry Document language: E H:\IPS\SAMARIN\DISKETTE\BASICEN.DOT ISO Basic template Version 3.0 1997-02-03 ISO/IEC FCD 14652 © ISO/IEC 2 Contents Page 3 4 1 SCOPE 1 5 2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES 1 6 3 TERMS, DEFINITIONS AND NOTATIONS 2 7 4 FDCC-set 6 8 4.1 FDCC-set definition 6 9 4.2 LC_IDENTIFICATION 10 10 4.3 LC_CTYPE 11 11 4.4 LC_COLLATE 27 12 4.5 LC_MONETARY 42 13 4.6 LC_NUMERIC 46 14 4.7 LC_TIME 47 15 4.8 LC_MESSAGES 53 16 4.9 LC_PAPER 53 17 4.10 LC_NAME 55 18 4.11 LC_ADDRESS 57 19 4.12 LC_TELEPHONE 57 20 5 CHARMAP 58 21 6 REPERTOIREMAP 62 22 7 CONFORMANCE 90 23 Annex A (informative) DIFFERENCES FROM POSIX 91 24 Annex B (informative) RATIONALE 93 25 Annex C (informative) BNF GRAMMAR 107 26 Annex D (informative) INDEX 112 27 BIBLIOGRAPHY 115 28 ii © ISO/IEC ISO/IEC FPDTR3 14652 29 FOREWORD 30 31 ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International 32 Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. 33 National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of 34 International Standards through technical committees established by the respective 35 organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical 36 committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, 37 governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the 38 work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint 39 technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. 40 41 The main task of a technical committee is to prepare International Standards but in 42 exceptional circumstances, the publication of a Technical Report of one of the following 43 types may be proposed: 44 45 - type 1, when the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an 46 International Standard, despite repeated efforts; 47 48 - type 2, when the subject is still under technical development or where for any 49 other reason there is the future but not immediate possibility of an agreement on an 50 International Standard; 51 52 - type 3, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from 53 that which is normally published as an International Standard ("state of the art", for 54 example). 55 56 Technical Reports are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC 57 Directives, Part 3. 58 59 Technical Reports of types 1 and 2 are subject to review within three years of publication, 60 to decide whether they can be transformed into International Standards. Technical Report 61 of type 3 do not necessarily have to be reviewed until the date they provide are considered 62 to be no longer valid or useful. 63 64 ISO/IEC TR 14652 is a Technical Report type 1, and it was prepared by Joint Technical 65 Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee 22, Programming 66 languages, their environments and system software interfaces. 67 68 The Annexes A, B, C and D of this Technical Report are for information only. iii ISO/IEC FCD 14652 © ISO/IEC 69 Introduction 70 71 This Technical Report defines a general mechanism to specify cultural conventions, and it 72 defines formats for a number of specific cultural conventions in the areas of character 73 classification and conversion, sorting, number formatting, monetary formatting, date 74 formatting, message display, paper formats, addressing of persons, postal address 75 formatting, telephone number handling, and a way to specify how much is covered and the 76 status of it. 77 78 There are a number of benefits coming from this standard: 79 80 Rigid specification Using this Technical Report, a user can rigidly specify a 81 number of the cultural conventions that apply to the 82 information technology environment of the user. 83 84 Cultural adaptability If an application has been designed and built in a 85 cultural neutral manner, the application may use the 86 specifications as data to its APIs, and thus the same 87 application may accommodate different users in a 88 culturally acceptable way to each of the users, without 89 change of the binary application. 90 91 Productivity This standard specifies those cultural conventions and 92 how to specify data for them. With those data an 93 application developer is relieved from getting the 94 different information to support all the cultural 95 environments for the expected customers of the product. 96 The application developer is thus ensured of culturally 97 correct behavior as specified by the customer, and 98 possibly more markets may be reached as customers may 99 have the possibility to provide the data themselves for 100 markets that were not targeted. 101 102 Uniform behaviour When a number of applications share one cultural 103 specification, which may be supplied from the user or a 104 built-in nature, their behaviour for cultural adaptation 105 become uniform. 106 107 The specification format is independent of platforms and specific encoding, and targeted to 108 be usable from a wide range of programming languages. 109 110 A number of cultural conventions, such as spelling, hyphenation rules and terminology, are 111 not specifiable with this standard, but the standard provides mechanisms to define new 112 categories and also new keywords within existing categories. An internationalized 113 application may take advantage of information provided with the FDCC-set (such as the 114 language) to provide further internationalized services to the user. 115 116 This Technical Report defines a format compatible with the one used in the International 117 String Ordering standard, ISO/IEC 14651. This Technical Report is backwards compatible 118 with the ISO/IEC 9945-2:1993 POSIX shell and utilities standard, particulary its clauses iv © ISO/IEC ISO/IEC FPDTR3 14652 119 2.4 and 2.5. The major extensions from that text are listed in annex A. This Technical 120 Report has enhanced functionality in a number of areas such as ISO/IEC 10646 support, 121 more classification of characters, transliteration, dual (multi) currency support, enhanced 122 date and time formatting, paper size identification, personal name writing, postal address 123 formatting, telephone number handling, and management of categories. There is enhanced 124 support for character sets including ISO/IEC 2022 handling and an enhanced method to 125 separate the specification of cultural conventions from an actual encoding via a description 126 of the character repertoire employed. A standard set of values for all the categories has 127 been defined covering the repertoire of ISO/IEC 10646-1. 128 v TECHNICAL REPORT © ISO/IEC ISO/IEC FPDTR 14652:1999(E) 129 Information technology — Specification method for cultural 130 conventions 131 132 1 SCOPE 133 134 This Technical Report specifies a description format for the specification of cultural 135 conventions, a description format for character sets, and a description format for binding 136 character names to ISO/IEC 10646, plus a set of default values for some of these items. 137 138 The specification is upward compatible with POSIX locale specifications - a locale 139 conformant to POSIX specifications will also be conformant to the specifications in this 140 Standard, while the reverse condition will not hold. The descriptions are intended to be 141 coded in text files to be used via Application Programming Interfaces, that are expected to 142 be developed for a number of programming languages. 143 144 2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES 145 146 The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this 147 text, constitute provisions of this Technical Report. For dated references, subsequent 148 amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties 149 to agreements based on this Technical Report are encouraged to investigate the possibility 150 of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For 151 undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. 152 Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid Technical Reports. 153 154 ISO 639 (all parts), Codes for the representation of names of languages. 155 156 ISO/IEC 2022, Information technology - Character code structure and extension tech- 157 niques. 158 159 ISO 3166 (all parts), Codes for the representation of names of countries and their 160 subdivisions. 161 162 ISO 4217, Codes for the representation of currencies and funds. 163 164 ISO 8601, Data elements and interchange formats - Information interchange - Represen- 165 tation of dates and times. 166 167 ISO/IEC 9945-2:1993, Information technology - Portable Operating System Interface 168 (POSIX) - Part 2: Shell and Utilities. 169 170 ISO/IEC 10646-1:1993, Information technology - Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Cha- 171 racter Set (UCS) - Part 1: Architecture and Basic Multilingual Plane (including Cor.1 and 172 AMD 1-9). 173 174 ISO/IEC 14651, Information technology - International string ordering - Method for 175 comparing character strings and description of a default tailorable ordering. 176 177 ISO/IEC 15897:1999, Information technology - Procedures for registration of cultural 178 conventions. 1 ISO/IEC FCD 14652 © ISO/IEC 179 180 3 TERMS, DEFINITIONS AND NOTATIONS 181 182 3.1 Terms and definitions 183 184 For the purposes of this Technical Report, the terms and definitions given in the following 185 apply.