DOCSLIB.ORG

Department of Foreign Languages Education English Language and Teaching Program

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Department of Foreign Languages Education English Language and Teaching Program Department of Foreign Languages Education English Language and Teaching Program ENGLISH LANGUAGE INSTRUCTORS’ PERCEPTIONS OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE IN A MULTICULTURAL CONTEXT: A SUGGESTED MODEL Hasan ÖZKAN Ph.D. Dissertation Ankara, (2018) With leadership, research, innovation, high quality education and change, Department of Foreign Languages Education English Language and Teaching Program ENGLISH LANGUAGE INSTRUCTORS’ PERCEPTIONS OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE IN A MULTICULTURAL CONTEXT: A SUGGESTED MODEL ÇOKKÜLTÜRLÜ BİR BAĞLAMDA İNGİLİZCE ÖĞRETİM GÖREVLİLERİNİN KÜLTÜRLERARASI İLETİŞİM YETİSİ ÜZERİNE ALGILAR: BİR MODEL ÖNERİSİ Hasan ÖZKAN Ph.D. Dissertation Ankara, (2018) Acceptance and Approval i Abstract With the improvements and developments brought about by the globalization, intercultural communicative competence has been gaining more interest and importance. As in all communicative activities, language, especially the foreign language, plays an essential role in intercultural communication. Intercultural communicative competence has been recognized by Common European Framework of Reference for Languages along with foreign language teaching curricula and textbooks. In this phenomenological study, it is aimed to document and study the experiences and perceptions of instructors teaching English abroad regarding the culture and intercultural communicative competence (ICC), and the place and application of these in the foreign language education. Mixed method data collection process is used in this study; a questionnaire, a scale, semistructured interviews and focus group interviews are used to collect data from 64 participants. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis are used to process the data through the guidance of preexisting ICC models. Analysis of the data indicates associations and concepts overlapping with preexisting models of ICC, along with new insights on components of ICC and requirements of ICC development for English language instructors working in a multicultural context. Findings reveal participants insights about possible modifications to the existing ICC models, and the essential components of training programs for ICC development. Keywords: intercultural competence, culture, foreign language teaching, intercultural education. ii Öz Kültürlerarası iletişim becerileri, küreselleşmenin getirdiği yenilikler ve kolaylıklar sonucunda giderek önem ve ilgi kazanmaktadır. Her türlü iletişim etkinliğinde olduğu gibi, kültürlerarası iletişimde de dil, özellikle yabancı dil, en temel rollerden birisini oynamaktadır. Yabancı dil öğrenimi sürecinde kültürlerarası iletişim becerilerinin kazanımı Avrupa Dilleri Ortak Çerçeve Programında yer bulmuş ve birçok dil öğretimi müfredatı ve ders kitabında bu becerilerin geliştirilmesi vurgulanmıştır. Bu fenomenolojik araştırma yurtdışındaki İngilizce öğretim görevlilerinin kültür ve kültürlerarası iletişim yetisine (KİY) ve bunların yabancı dil eğitimindeki yeri ve kullanımına dair algılarını ve deneyimlerini belgelemek ve çalışmak amacındadır. Karma yöntem ile veri toplanan bu çalışmada, birer anket ve ölçek, görüşme ve odak grup görüşmesi ile 64 katılımcıdan veri toplanmıştır. Halihazırda var olan KİY modellerinin rehberliğinde, elde edilen veri betimleyici istatistikler ve tematik analiz kullanılarak işlenmiştir. Verilerin analizi halihazırda var olan KİY modelleriyle örtüşen çağrışım ve anlayışların yanı sıra çok kültürlü bir ortamda çalışan İngilizce öğretim görevlerinin KİY bileşenleri ve KİY gelişimi için gerekenlere dair yeni anlayışlara işaret etmektedir. Bulgular halihazırda var olan KİY modellerinde yapılabilecek olası değişikliklere, ve KİY gelişimi için eğitim programlarının bileşenlerine dair katılımcıların anlayışlarını ortaya koymaktadır. Anahtar sözcükler: kültürlerarası iletişim, kültür, yabancı dil öğretimi, kültürlerarası eğitim. iii Acknowledgements "If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of Giants." – Isaac Newton, 1675 I cannot express my gratitude enough for Giants who have helped me in my journey. My supervisor, Prof. Dr. Mehmet Demirezen with his endless support and guidance; my mentors and dissertation committee members Prof. Dr. Arif Sarıçoban, and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nuray Alagözlü with their constant support and patience have been and will always be the true owners of this work. I want to thank Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hüseyin Öz, and Assist. Prof. Dr. İsmail Fırat Altay for their support and guidance for the completion of this study. All faculty members of Hacettepe University, of whom I have had the honor to learn from since 2002, have my deepest respect and gratitude; their impact on my life cannot be described with words. My parents İmran Özkan and Ahmet Özkan, my brother Hüseyin Özkan have been my source of motivation and energy. The distance between us has never made things easier for me, but they are always in my heart. Last but not least, I would like to thank my dear wife, Betül Minnet Özkan. She is my oasis, my guide; together we will never stop chasing our dreams. Her motivation, sacrifice, energy, and grace are sole the causes of completion of this work. I would not have been where I am in my life without her. iv Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................... ii Öz ........................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements ................................................................................................ iv List of Tables .......................................................................................................... ix List of Figures ........................................................................................................ xii Symbols and Abbreviations .................................................................................. xiv Chapter 1 Introduction ............................................................................................ 1 Statement of the Problem ................................................................................... 2 Aim and Significance of the Study....................................................................... 4 Research Questions ............................................................................................ 5 Assumptions ....................................................................................................... 6 Limitations ........................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 2 Literature Review ................................................................................... 7 Sociology of Language and Culture .................................................................... 7 Cultural Theory ................................................................................................. 10 Identity and Culture Relationship ...................................................................... 11 The Culture in the Context of Education ........................................................... 14 Professional Self-Concept and Cultural Background Ties ................................. 17 Kuwait: A Brief Description ................................................................................ 21 Arab Culture ...................................................................................................... 31 Kuwaiti Culture .................................................................................................. 38 Universities of Kuwait ........................................................................................ 43 English Language Education in Kuwait ............................................................. 45 Intercultural Communicative Competence ........................................................ 49 Intercultural Competence Framework/Model by Deardorff ................................ 53 v Summary and Conclusion ................................................................................. 55 Chapter 3 Methodology ........................................................................................ 57 Research Design............................................................................................... 57 Setting and Participants .................................................................................... 61 Data Collection .................................................................................................. 64 Instruments ....................................................................................................... 68 Data Analysis .................................................................................................... 79 Issues of Validity and Reliability ........................................................................ 82 Summary and Conclusion ................................................................................. 83 Chapter 4 Findings ............................................................................................... 84 Describing the Participants ............................................................................... 84 Research Question 1. What are the Experiences of Participants in the Multicultural Context of Kuwait as English Language Teachers? .......................................... 91 Sub-Question 1.1. How do the participants perceive their identity within Kuwaiti culture?
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mihaela Tirca
    UNIVERSITAT DE VALÈNCIA DEPARTAMENT DE FILOLOGIA ANGLESA I ALEMANYA Programa de Doctorat en Llengües, Literatures i Cultures i les seues Aplicacions LITERARY ACTIVISM IN ANGLOWAITI WRITING: GENDER IN NADA FARIS’S LITERATURE Presentada por MIHAELA TIRCA Dirigida por Dra. Carme Manuel Cuenca Dr. Vicent Cucarella Ramon València, Octubre 2020 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to begin by expressing my most heartfelt gratitude and special appreciation to Professor Carme Manuel for accepting me to carry out this work under her directions. This thesis would have not been possible without her invaluable guidance toward the analysis of Nada Faris’s literary works and continuous monitoring. I cannot thank her enough for her permanent help into this study. In addition, her motivating words constituted the motor of this thesis. I am profoundly grateful to her for providing me with the means to accomplish this work. I consider myself to be enormously privileged to have been her student throughout all these years. I am deeply indebted to Professor María José Coperías whose constant assistance and instrumental support helped me to carry out this project. I feel extremely honored to have had the opportunity to be under her supervision. I humbly extend my appreciation and thanks to Professor Vicent Cucarella Ramon for kindly agreeing to supervise this thesis. I am also thankful to Nada Faris’s significant suggestions and clarifying notes about her work and for inspiring me every day for a couple of months by sharing the light of a candle. My most profound gratitude goes to my mother and my grandmother who always encouraged me to continue this thesis even when circumstances in my life were the least favorable.
    [Show full text]
  • Semantic Innovation and Change in Kuwaiti Arabic: a Study of the Polysemy of Verbs
    ` Semantic Innovation and Change in Kuwaiti Arabic: A Study of the Polysemy of Verbs Yousuf B. AlBader Thesis submitted to the University of Sheffield in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of English Literature, Language and Linguistics April 2015 ABSTRACT This thesis is a socio-historical study of semantic innovation and change of a contemporary dialect spoken in north-eastern Arabia known as Kuwaiti Arabic. I analyse the structure of polysemy of verbs and their uses by native speakers in Kuwait City. I particularly report on qualitative and ethnographic analyses of four motion verbs: dašš ‘enter’, xalla ‘leave’, miša ‘walk’, and i a ‘run’, with the aim of establishing whether and to what extent linguistic and social factors condition and constrain the emergence and development of new senses. The overarching research question is: How do we account for the patterns of polysemy of verbs in Kuwaiti Arabic? Local social gatherings generate more evidence of semantic innovation and change with respect to the key verbs than other kinds of contexts. The results of the semantic analysis indicate that meaning is both contextually and collocationally bound and that a verb’s meaning is activated in different contexts. In order to uncover the more local social meanings of this change, I also report that the use of innovative or well-attested senses relates to the community of practice of the speakers. The qualitative and ethnographic analyses demonstrate a number of differences between friendship communities of practice and familial communities of practice. The groups of people in these communities of practice can be distinguished in terms of their habits of speech, which are conditioned by the situation of use.
    [Show full text]
  • Doing Business Guide Understanding Kuwait's Tax Position
    Doing business guide Understanding Kuwait’s tax position Doing business guide | Understanding Kuwait’s tax position Contents 04 05 07 08 Kuwait fact sheet Business environment Audit and accounting Filing requirements requirements 09 10 13 14 Laws of labor and Foreign Direct Investment Public Private Partnerships Capital markets employment Incentivizing investment in Promoting investments in the Promoting investment in Kuwait Kuwaiti public sector Kuwait 15 17 20 21 Kuwait tax law Tax administration Tax retention rules Amendments to existing executive rules 22 23 24 25 Divided Neutral Zone (DNZ) Taxability of joint ventures Tax treaties Offset program 26 27 28 Taxes on Kuwaiti Other taxes Potential expansion in companies Kuwait tax regime 03 Doing business guide | Understanding Kuwait’s tax position Kuwait fact sheet Geography Government Location Southwest Asia Type Constitutional monarchy. Most executive power resides with the Amir (ruler); the Area 17,818 sq km prime-minister and deputy- prime ministers are Boundaries Bordering the Persian Gulf, appointed by the monarch between Iraq and Saudi Arabia Constitution Adopted 11 November 1962 Coastline 499 km Amir Sheikh Sabah Al-Ahmad Terrain Mostly flat plain desert Al Sabah Divisions 6 governorates (muhafazat) Climate Extreme hot summers and short which are further divided into winters districts City Kuwait City Politics Mainly stable with few public protests and minimum effect Time zone GMT +3 on the economy Legal system Civil Law jurisdiction; Kuwaiti Laws are derived from Egyptian Laws
    [Show full text]
  • DOCTORAL THESIS Teaching Cultural Heritage Through Craft In
    DOCTORAL THESIS Teaching Cultural Heritage through Craft in Kuwaiti Primary Schools for Girls Malajmi, Fatema Award date: 2013 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 03. Oct. 2021 Teaching Cultural Heritage through Craft in Kuwaiti Primary Schools for Girls By Fatema MAlajmi, BA, MA A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of PhD School of Education University of Roehampton 2013 ABSTRACT Students in Kuwait are not taught art history in schools and know very little about their cultural heritage. This study developed a formal curriculum unit which introduced a traditional women’s craft into the art curriculum for girls in Kuwait. The aim was to use art history to increase their understanding of their cultural heritage and of their female identities and roles in society. The action research methodology involved collaboration with three local primary art teachers, a professional weaver and a Kuwaiti education expert.
    [Show full text]
  • Indicators of Urban Health in the Youth Population of Kuwait City and Jahra, Kuwait
    Indicators of urban health in the youth population of Kuwait City and Jahra, Kuwait Fayez Alzarban A thesis submitted to the University of Liverpool for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Public Health) at the Faculty of Health and Life Sciences March: 2018 Declaration No portion of the work in this thesis has been submitted in support of an application for any degree or qualification of the University of Liverpool or any other University or institute of learning. Signature Acknowledgements I would like to start by thanking my outstanding supervisors at the University of Liverpool: Dr. Daniel Pope and Dr. Debbi Stanistreet, for their constant support, dedication, and encouragement throughout my study period. I am also grateful for all the help I have received from my academic advisors allocated by the Postgraduate team: Prof. Dame Margaret Whitehead, Prof. Sally Sheard, Prof. David Taylor- Robinson, and Prof. Martin O’Flaherty, for all the advice and guidance they have given me. I would also like to thank Prof. Susan Higham for tremendous support at a very difficult period during my studies. In Kuwait, I would like to extend my thanks to Dr. Jafaar Dawood, the head of the Department of Public Health at the Ministry of Health (Kuwait), for his support in every step of this research in Kuwait. Without his exceptional efforts, this project would have not been possible. I would also like to thank the health inspectors at the Department of Health (Kuwait) for their generosity and dedication in conducting the survey with me: Basim Awkal, MS. Allimby, Ala’a Jaad, Saleh Mohammed, Michelle Asaad, Sarah Alazmi, and Hesa Alali.
    [Show full text]
  • Zakir Naik: What Did I Do to Earn the Tags of ‘Dr Terror’, ‘Hate Monger’? Islamic Scholar Dr
    www.Asia Times.US NRI Global Edition Email: [email protected] September 2016 Vol 7, Issue 9 Zakir Naik: What did I do to earn the tags of ‘Dr Terror’, ‘Hate Monger’? Islamic scholar Dr. Zakir Naik wrote an open letter to Indians called ‘Five Questions and an Appeal’ where he lamented about being targeted and labeled a ‘terror preacher’ in India. In the letter, Naik said, “Of 150 countries where I’m respected and my talks are welcomed, I’m being called a terrorist influencer in my own country. What an irony. Why now, when I’ve been doing the same thing for over 25 years?”. Naik, 51, is an Islamic preacher, who founded the Islamic Research Foundation in 1991 when he started Dawah or religious preaching. His lectures mostly revolve around how Islam is superior to all other faiths. While he claims to be an advocate of interfaith dialogue, his preaching’s’ reinforce all the stereotypes which exist against Muslims. Following reports that one of the militants of Dhaka terror attack was inspired by Naik’s misinterpretations of Islam, there are growing demand for strict action against him. In the letter, Naik asks why he has become the enemy number one for the State and Central government. “It has been over two months since the ghastly terror attack in Dhaka, and over one month since I’ve been asking myself what exactly have I done to become the enemy number one of the media as well as the State and Central Gov- ernment,” wrote Naik. × and justice. He also questioned the repeated investigations on him by government agencies.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloads/2003 Essay.Pdf, Accessed November 2012
    UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Nation Building in Kuwait 1961–1991 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/91b0909n Author Alomaim, Anas Publication Date 2016 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Nation Building in Kuwait 1961–1991 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Architecture by Anas Alomaim 2016 © Copyright by Anas Alomaim 2016 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Nation Building in Kuwait 1961–1991 by Anas Alomaim Doctor of Philosophy in Architecture University of California, Los Angeles, 2016 Professor Sylvia Lavin, Chair Kuwait started the process of its nation building just few years prior to signing the independence agreement from the British mandate in 1961. Establishing Kuwait’s as modern, democratic, and independent nation, paradoxically, depended on a network of international organizations, foreign consultants, and world-renowned architects to build a series of architectural projects with a hybrid of local and foreign forms and functions to produce a convincing image of Kuwait national autonomy. Kuwait nationalism relied on architecture’s ability, as an art medium, to produce a seamless image of Kuwait as a modern country and led to citing it as one of the most democratic states in the Middle East. The construction of all major projects of Kuwait’s nation building followed a similar path; for example, all mashare’e kubra [major projects] of the state that started early 1960s included particular geometries, monumental forms, and symbolic elements inspired by the vernacular life of Kuwait to establish its legitimacy.
    [Show full text]
  • KUWAIT BANKING REPORT 2019 Evolving Landscape H
    KUWAIT BANKING REPORT 2019 Evolving Landscape H. H. SHEIKH SABAH AL-AHMAD H. H. SHEIKH NAWAF AL-AHMAD AL-JABER AL-SABAH AL-JABER AL-SABAH The Amir Of The State Of Kuwait The Crown Prince Of The State Of Kuwait CONTENTS 4 Foreword KUWAIT FUTURE OF BANKING OVERVIEW IN KUWAIT 6 Executive Summary 8 Economic Overview 32 CBK Transformation Strategy 13 Government Initiatives 35 Regulatory Sandbox 15 Economic Outlook CEO INSIGHTS 41 CBK Initiatives 19 Financial System Overview 16 Economic Outlook for Kuwait and the BANKING CAPACITY BUILDING Region LANDSCAPE FOR THE FUTURE 26 Opportunities and Challenges for the 20 Sector Overview 42 Capacity building by CBK Banking Sector and Kuwaiti Financial 25 Sector Performance Institutions 37 The Future of Banking 29 Other Insights 47 Initiatives by Academic Institutions 44 Capacity Building Initiatives 49 Other Strategic Initiatives in Capacity Building 4 | Kuwait Banking Report 2019 FOREWORD Dr. Mohammad Y. I am proud to say that we at the CBK are leading a Al-Hashel number of key initiatives that will help the bank- Governor ing industry navigate through this transformative Central Bank of journey. CBK is playing a critical role in the develop- Kuwait ment of the Fintech ecosystem. As a regulator, we are responsible for achieving a sustainable balance between enabling innovation and ensuring the sta- bility of the financial system, for the benefit of the broader economy and society. Taking a proactive and dynamic approach, we have established a clear vision and strategy towards embracing technology for the greater benefit of society. The Central Bank of Kuwait (CBK) presents the Ku- wait Banking Report “Evolving Landscape", demon- We realize that modern and efficient regulations strating our continued commitment to support the form a key block for a safe, state-of-the-art, Fin- growth and development of Kuwait’s banking indus- tech ecosystem.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Culture on Third-Line Leaders in the Kuwait Oil Sector
    International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 11 • No. 8 • August 2020 doi:10.30845/ijbss.v11n8p8 The Impact of Culture on Third-Line Leaders in the Kuwait Oil Sector Dr. Alawi Taqi Practitioner in a Leadership Position Kuwait Oil Industry Abstract Societies pass through several transformational phases that could result from economic growth and changes in technology as well. At present, Kuwait is going through such transformation mainly because of the wealth brought by the oil revenues and the current oil price drops. The society has gone through a rapid evolution, without passing into gradual transformational phases.This research studies the impact of culture on leadership within the oil and gas sector in Kuwait. Culture in Kuwait is influenced strongly through Islamic religion and values. Issues related to Wasta (nepotism) and Kuwaitization (nationalization) is a substantial factor in business and every other aspect in Kuwait. Through in-depth interviews with 42 third-line leaders, the research identifies the influence of societal and collectivist culture, Wasta, Kuwaitization, and organization structure. The root problem is the lack of adequate Kuwaiti workforce with the required skills and experience. With a larger expatriate population in Kuwait, the focus of government in Kuwaitization is essential. However, this should not be at the cost of expertise. The emphasis should be on recruiting and identifying talent to achieve excellent business performance. The influence of Wasta needs to be eliminated. Keywords: Leadership, Culture, Oil and Gas sector, Kuwait. 1: Introduction Societies pass through several transformational phases that could result from economic growth and changes in technology as well (Karabati and Say, 2005).
    [Show full text]
  • Kuwaiti Female Leaders' Perspectives: the Influence of Culture
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Clute Institute: Journals Contemporary Issues In Education Research – March 2010 Volume 3, Number 3 Kuwaiti Female Leaders’ Perspectives: The Influence Of Culture On Their Leadership Omaymah E. Al-Suwaihel, Colorado State University, USA ABSTRACT This research revealed the interactions between the Kuwaiti culture, gender, and leadership from the perspective of five Kuwaiti female leaders. Within a qualitative design approach and narrative inquiry methodology, the researcher interviewed five Kuwaiti females who shared their stories of their personal and professional experiences about the interactions between culture, gender, and leadership. The analysis and interpretation of this research uncovered two key findings: 1) the influence of Kuwaiti culture on female leadership and 2) the commitment of these female leaders to have a positive impact on their culture. The development of female leadership within Kuwait represented a collaborative effort by all the country’s female leaders. As this research showed, these female leaders took advantage of every opportunity to prove their capabilities as leaders who deserve to serve effectively beside male leaders. The research data included some recommendations that could provide significant support for the development of female leaders, not only in the State of Kuwait, but also in other countries that could benefit from such progress. In addition, this project included some implications for further research studies focused on issues related to the interactions between female leadership and cultural influences. Keywords: Female leadership, Kuwait, culture influence, gender role, leader, Middle East, narrative inquiry INTRODUCTION ver time, the concept of leadership has developed independently based on various research theories.
    [Show full text]
  • Interview with Chas W. Freeman Jr
    Library of Congress Interview with Chas W. Freeman Jr. The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR CHAS W. FREEMAN, JR. Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: April 14, 1995 Copyright 1998 ADST Q: Can you tell me a bit about your background, when and where you were born and then something about your family. FREEMAN: Sure. I go by Chas W. Freeman, Jr. And the reason for that is, first of all, Chas is an old abbreviation for Charles in my family. But George Bush, when he sent me to Saudi Arabia as ambassador, knew me as Chas, and somehow that ended up on the commissioning certificate. So, since I've never been called Charles, I simply decided that that was a better solution. Legally, I'm still Charles, but for all other purposes, I'm Chas. My background. I'm a typical product of centuries of American miscegenation. The Freemans came to this country in 1621. And there is a family tradition (which may or may not be correct) that the reason for this is recorded in a famous English law case called Freeman vs. Freeman, in which, as I recall, my putative ancestor was a rake and a ne'er- do-well in London (the family was originally from Devon), and was persuaded by a wealthy uncle, having lost all his own money in gambling and drinking, that he should marry a very ugly, overage young lady who was the ward of this uncle. Being a scoundrel, he naturally insisted on a written contract.
    [Show full text]
  • Toward a Political Theory of Sectarianism in the Middle East
    Toward a Political Theory of Sectarianism in the Middle East: The Salience of Authoritarianism over Theology Author(s): Nader Hashemi Source: Journal of Islamic and Muslim Studies, Vol. 1, No. 1 (May 2016), pp. 65-76 Published by: Indiana University Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/jims.1.1.05 Accessed: 28-09-2016 21:08 UTC REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/jims.1.1.05?seq=1&cid=pdf- reference#references_tab_contents You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms Indiana University Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Islamic and Muslim Studies This content downloaded from 73.95.133.62 on Wed, 28 Sep 2016 21:08:53 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Toward a Political Theory of Sectarianism in the Middle East: The Salience of Authoritarianism over Theology Nader Hashemi Abstract: In his critically acclaimed book, Th e Shi’a Revival: How Confl icts within Islam Will Shape the Future, Vali Nasr has suggested that traditional concepts and cat- egories used to explicate the Middle East, such as modernity, democracy, fundamen- talism and nationalism, no longer adequately explain the politics of the region.
    [Show full text]