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The Proceedings of the Cambridge Historical Society, Volume 33, 1949-1950

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The Proceedings of the Cambridge Historical Society, Volume 33, 1949-1950 The Proceedings of the Cambridge Historical Society, Volume 33, 1949-1950 Volume Thirty-three Table of Contents OFFICERS...............................................................................................5 PAPERS THE DANA-PALMER HOUSE.................................................................7 ​ ​ ​ BY H.W.L. DANA THE HISTORY OF GARDEN ST.............................................................37 ​ BY LOIS LILLEY HOWE THE OWNERS OF ELMWOOD................................................................58 BY LUCY KINGSLEY PORTER CAMBRIDGE TREES..........................................................................94 BY LOIS LILLEY HOWE THE EARLY LIFE OF SAMUEL McCHORD CROTHERS..............................100 BY KATHERINE F. CROTHERS CHARLES WILLIAM ELIOT.................................................................117 BY JEROME D. GREEN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATIONS OF CHARLESTOWN AND CAMBRIDGE........134 BY CHARLES F. WHITING MEMORIALS ELDON REVERE [sic.]JAMES.......................................................................156 BY DAVID T. POTTINGER MAUDE BATCHELDER VOSBURGH.......................................................158 ​ ​ BY DAVID T. POTTINGER HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW DANA...........................................160 ​ BY ROBERT WALCOTT ANNUAL REPORTS...............................................................................163 ​ MEMBERS............................................................................................171 ​ THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORICAL SOCIETY PROCEEDINGS FOR THE YEARS 1949-1950 LIST OF OFFICERS FOR THESE TWO YEARS President: Hon. Robert Walcott Vice Presidents: Miss Lois Lilley Howe Mr. Samuel A Eliot Treasurer: Mr. John T.G. Nichols Curator: Mrs. Laura Dudley Saunderson Secretray: Mr.David T. Pottinger Editor: Mr. Charles Lane Hanson MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL The Foregoing and the following: 1949 1950 Mrs. Maude B. Vosburgh Mr. Roger Gilman Miss Penelope B. Noyes Mr. Bremer W. Pond Miss Katharine F. Crothers Miss Penelope B. Noyes Mr. Roger Gilman Miss Katharine F. Crothers Mr. Edward Ingraham Miss Rosamond Coolidge 5 PAPERS READ DURING THE YEARS 1949-50 ​THE DANA-PALMER HOUSE BY H. W. L. DANA Read November 5, 19461 ​ Revised in 1949 OR some of us who grew up as children in Cambridge there were two familiar jingles F ​ which​ seemed to sum up all the history we needed to know. One gave us the date of the discovery of America: In fourteen-hundred-and-ninety-two Columbus sailed the ocean blue. ​ The other couplet gave what seemed to us equally important — the date of the founding of Harvard College: In sixteen-hundred-and-thirty-six Harvard College was built of bricks. As far as I know, our first image — that of the blue ocean in 1492 — still remains substantially correct; but unfortunately our second image — that of red brick buildings at Harvard in 1636 — needs a little modifying. It now appears that the first building was erected in Harvard not in 1 This​ paper was originally given as an illustrated lecture, showing on the screen: maps and views of the Harvard Yard at various periods; plans and pictures of the Dana-Palmer House and its various rooms; and portraits of its successive occupants. Since it seemed impractical to reproduce all of these fifty or more illustrations it was thought advisable to rewrite the article for publication in these Publications, at the same time bringing it up to date as of 1949. 7 2 1636 but in 1638 and it was not of brick but of wood. ​ So were all the other buildings then ​ standing inside the area which we now think of as the Harvard Yard. It was only gradually that brick buildings began to appear among the wooden ones. Little by little, however, the rising tide of brick factory-like buildings, such as Holworthy Hall, came to dominate the Yard. A hundred years ago James Russell Lowell, in his "Indian Summer Reverie," noted this and wrote: There, in red brick, which softening time defies, Stand square and stiff the Muses' factories. ​ Yet at that time part of the charm of the Harvard Yard was the lingering presence there of old yellow-painted wooden houses together with the red factories of the Muses. In the century that has passed since then, however, all the wooden houses except Wadsworth House have now been removed from the Yard and their places taken by larger brick buildings crowding the whole south side of the Yard. If the Emperor Augustus could boast that he had found Rome built of brick and left it of marble, Harvard College may yet be able to boast that it found Cambridge built of wood and is leaving it built of brick. When James Russell Lowell was in college, the whole south side of the Yard consisted of a dignified row of wooden buildings well separated from each other by gardens and orchards. At the western end, on the corner of Harvard Square or "The Village," as it was then called, 3 stood the old wooden Meeting House. ​ Next came Wadsworth House which had served as ​ 4 Washington's Headquarters during his first two weeks in Cambridge in 1775. ​ Then, beyond ​ the entrance to the "Ox-Pasture," came the dilapidated old Wigglesworth House with its 5 steep-pitched wooden roof. ​ Next to that, approached by a curved entrance from the ​ 2 Samuel​ Eliot Morison, The Tercentennial History of Harvard College and University, Vol. I; The Founding of Harvard College, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1935, Chap. XX, The "Old College," pp. 271-291. 3 ​ Alexander McKenzie, Lectures on The History of the First Church in Cambridge, Boston, 1873; Stephen Paschall Sharpies, Editor, Records of the Church of Christ at Cambridge in New England 1632-1830, Boston, 1906. 4 ​ Mabel Lorenz Ives, Washington's Headquarters, Upper Montclair, N. J., 1932, pp. 13-23; Henry Ware, "A Harvard Landmark," The Harvard Register, pp. 120-121. 5 Harvard​ University Handbook. Cambridge, 1936, p. 6. On a placque at the end of the new Wigglesworth Hall built in 1931 is a bas-relief of the old Wiggleworth House built in 1633 for the Reverend Thomas Hooker, and finally torn down in 1844. 8 6 street, stood the Stephen Sewall House. Then,​ beyond the "Fellows' Orchard," was the Old ​ Parsonage with its picturesque old-fashioned well-sweep.7 ​ Finally, in the south-east corner of the Harvard Yard, was the sloping hillock surmounted with the house which is our chief concern here.8 ​ This little knoll in the corner of the Yard had originally been part of the garden of Edmund Goffe who had come to Cambridge in 1635. From him this strip of land descended through a series of Goffes to his great-great-granddaughter, Lydia Trowbridge Dana, and to her son, Chief Justice Francis Dana.9 ​ During the American Revolution, this little hill was surmounted by breast-works and used as a part of the fortification of Washington's Camp. A fosse on the further side of this fort marked the outer edge of the Harvard Yard and was the site of what later became Quincy Street.10 ​ What had been the fort marked the western edge of the large estate of Judge Francis Dana, which extended from here to the still higher hill farther to the east, on the top of which he built his famous mansion in 1785. From there the estate extended through a large part of what is today Cambridgeport.11 ​ After Judge Dana's death in 1811 the site of the old fort, and the surrounding land, passed to his brother, the Reverend Edmund Dana who was then living in England. Two of the daughters of Judge Dana, Elizabeth Ellery Dana and Sarah Ann Dana, became engaged to two brothers, George Foster and James Foster, the nephews of Andrew Craigie. Just before the day set for their double wedding, in the autumn of 1817, the two Foster brothers died tragically of the fatal epidemic that swept through Cambridge. One of the Dana sisters, Sarah, and her brother, Richard Henry Dana, in try- 6 "H.​ W. L. Dana, "The Stephen Sewall House," Old-Time New England, April, 1947, Vol. 37, pp-.94-99 7 ​ An Historic Guide to Cambridge, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1907, pp. 18-20. 8 ​ Joseph Levering, "The Dana House," in The Harvard Book, Cambridge, 1875, Vol. I, pp. 143-144; H. W. L. Dana, "In the Southeast Corner," Harvard Alumni Bulletin, April 27, 1946, Vol. 48, pp. 575-579. 9 ​ W. P. Cresson, Francis Dana, New York, 1930. 10 ​ Samuel Francis Batchelder, "Editor's Note," Cambridge Historical Society, Proceedings for the year 1925, Vol. 18, pp. 27-28. 11 ​ "A Plan of a part of the Land belonging to the Honorable Francis Dana Esq. lying in Cambridge, By Peter Tufts, Jun., May 23, 1810." 9 ing to minister to the afflicted, caught the same dread disease, which left them partial invalids for the rest of their lives. On May 7, 1822, an older Foster brother, Dr. Thomas Foster, bought this corner lot for 12 $1807.50 from the Reverend Edmund Dana ​ and proceeded to carry out the wishes of his ​ two brothers by building a house there for the bereaved Dana Sisters. Wearing mourning, as though they were actually the widows of the two Fosters, Miss Betsey Dana and Miss Sarah Dana lived on as old maids, and when they died were buried in the old burying ground at Harvard Square, in the Dana Tomb, where their lovers lay buried.13 ​ "THE IDLE MAN" When the two Miss Danas moved into this new house, they took with them a third sister, Martha Remington Dana, and their brother the essayist and poet, Richard Henry Dana 1st 14 (1787-1879), the first of five generations in succession to bear that name. ​ During the ​ previous year, while he was occupying the rickety old Wigglesworth House in the Harvard Yard, his wife had died, and two months later his youngest daughter Susan died of a fall there. From the melancholy associations of that house he was glad then to move with his three sisters and his three remaining children to this new house, where he became head of the household. The new house into which they finally moved on February 3, 1823, seemed to bring the whole family a new lease of life.
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