Jared Sparks
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The Elective System Or Prescribed Curriculum: the Controversy in American Higher Education
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 471 740 HE 035 573 AUTHOR Denham, Thomas J. TITLE The Elective System or Prescribed Curriculum: The Controversy in American Higher Education. PUB DATE 2002-08-00 NOTE 17p. PUB TYPE Reports Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Curriculum Development; *Educational History; Educational Trends; *Elective Courses; *Higher Education; *Required Courses IDENTIFIERS *United States ABSTRACT This paper traces the development of curriculum in higher education in the United States. A classical education based on the seven liberal arts was the basis of the curriculum for the early colonial colleges. In its earliest days, the curriculum was relevant to the preparation of students for the professions of the period. Over time, the curriculum evolved and was adapted to correspond to trends in U.S. society, but the colleges did not change the curriculum without intense debate and grave reservations. The tension between a prescribed course of study and the elective principle has cycled through the history of U.S. higher education. The elective system was both a creative and destructive educational development in the post-Civil War era. Eventually, the curriculum changed to a parallel course of study: the traditional classical education and the more modern, practical program. By the end of the 19th century, the U.S. curriculum had evolved into a flexible and diverse wealth of courses well beyond the scope of the colonial curriculum. This evolution moved the university into the mainstream of U.S. life. The debate over prescribed curriculum versus electives continues to generate lively discussion today. (Contains 12 references.)(SLD) THE ELECTIVE SYSTEM OR PRESCRIBED CURRICULUM: THE CONTROVERSY IN AMERICAN HIGHER EDUCATION Emergence of Higher Education in America Thomas J. -
Information to Users
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University M crct. rrs it'terrjt onai A Be" 4 Howe1 ir”?r'"a! Cor"ear-, J00 Norte CeeD Road App Artjor mi 4 6 ‘Og ' 346 USA 3 13 761-4’00 600 sC -0600 Order Number 9238197 Selected literary letters of Sophia Peabody Hawthorne, 1842-1853 Hurst, Nancy Luanne Jenkins, Ph.D. -
Seeking a Forgotten History
HARVARD AND SLAVERY Seeking a Forgotten History by Sven Beckert, Katherine Stevens and the students of the Harvard and Slavery Research Seminar HARVARD AND SLAVERY Seeking a Forgotten History by Sven Beckert, Katherine Stevens and the students of the Harvard and Slavery Research Seminar About the Authors Sven Beckert is Laird Bell Professor of history Katherine Stevens is a graduate student in at Harvard University and author of the forth- the History of American Civilization Program coming The Empire of Cotton: A Global History. at Harvard studying the history of the spread of slavery and changes to the environment in the antebellum U.S. South. © 2011 Sven Beckert and Katherine Stevens Cover Image: “Memorial Hall” PHOTOGRAPH BY KARTHIK DONDETI, GRADUATE SCHOOL OF DESIGN, HARVARD UNIVERSITY 2 Harvard & Slavery introducTION n the fall of 2007, four Harvard undergradu- surprising: Harvard presidents who brought slaves ate students came together in a seminar room to live with them on campus, significant endow- Ito solve a local but nonetheless significant ments drawn from the exploitation of slave labor, historical mystery: to research the historical con- Harvard’s administration and most of its faculty nections between Harvard University and slavery. favoring the suppression of public debates on Inspired by Ruth Simmon’s path-breaking work slavery. A quest that began with fears of finding at Brown University, the seminar’s goal was nothing ended with a new question —how was it to gain a better understanding of the history of that the university had failed for so long to engage the institution in which we were learning and with this elephantine aspect of its history? teaching, and to bring closer to home one of the The following pages will summarize some of greatest issues of American history: slavery. -
The Invisible Woman and the Silent University
The University of Southern Mississippi The Aquila Digital Community Dissertations Spring 5-2012 The Invisible Woman and the Silent University Elizabeth Robinson Cole University of Southern Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations Part of the Adult and Continuing Education Administration Commons, Educational Leadership Commons, History of Gender Commons, Online and Distance Education Commons, Social and Philosophical Foundations of Education Commons, United States History Commons, and the Women's History Commons Recommended Citation Cole, Elizabeth Robinson, "The Invisible Woman and the Silent University" (2012). Dissertations. 538. https://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations/538 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The University of Southern Mississippi THE INVISIBLE WOMAN AND THE SILENT UNIVERSITY by Elizabeth Robinson Cole Abstract of a Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of The University of Southern Mississippi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2012 ABSTRACT THE INVISIBLE WOMAN AND THE SILENT UNIVERSITY by Elizabeth Robinson Cole May 2012 Anna Eliot Ticknor (1823 – 1896) founded the first correspondence school in the United States, the Society to Encourage Studies at Home. In the fall of 1873 an educational movement was quietly initiated from her home in Boston, Massachusetts. A politically and socially sophisticated leader, she recognized the need that women felt for continuing education and understood how to offer the opportunity within the parameters afforded women of nineteenth century America. -
Bostonians and Their Neighbors As Pack Rats
Bostonians and Their Neighbors as Pack Rats Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/american-archivist/article-pdf/24/2/141/2744123/aarc_24_2_t041107403161g77.pdf by guest on 27 September 2021 By L. H. BUTTERFIELD* Massachusetts Historical Society HE two-legged pack rat has been a common species in Boston and its neighborhood since the seventeenth century. Thanks Tto his activity the archival and manuscript resources concen- trated in the Boston area, if we extend it slightly north to include Salem and slightly west to include Worcester, are so rich and diverse as to be almost beyond the dreams of avarice. Not quite, of course, because Boston institutions and the super—pack rats who direct them are still eager to add to their resources of this kind, and constantly do. The admirable and long-awaited Guide to Archives and Manu- scripts in the United States, compiled by the National Historical Publications Commission and now in press, contains entries for be- tween 50 and 60 institutions holding archival and manuscript ma- terials in the Greater Boston area, with the immense complex of the Harvard University libraries in Cambridge counting only as one.1 The merest skimming of these entries indicates that all the activities of man may be studied from abundant accumulations of written records held by these institutions, some of them vast, some small, some general in their scope, others highly specialized. Among the fields in which there are distinguished holdings—one may say that specialists will neglect them only at their peril—are, first of all, American history and American literature, most of the sciences and the history of science, law and medicine, theology and church his- tory, the fine arts, finance and industry, maritime life, education, and reform. -
The Proceedings of the Cambridge Historical Society, Volume 11, 1916
The Proceedings of the Cambridge Historical Society, Volume 11, 1916 Table of Contents OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES .......................................................................................5 PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SEVENTH TO THIRTY-NINTH MEETINGS .............................................................................................7 PAPERS EXTRACTS FROM LETTERS OF THE REVEREND JOSEPH WILLARD, PRESIDENT OF HARVARD COLLEGE, AND OF SOME OF HIS CHILDREN, 1794-1830 . ..........................................................11 By his Grand-daughter, SUSANNA WILLARD EXCERPTS FROM THE DIARY OF TIMOTHY FULLER, JR., AN UNDERGRADUATE IN HARVARD COLLEGE, 1798- 1801 ..............................................................................................................33 By his Grand-daughter, EDITH DAVENPORT FULLER BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF MRS. RICHARD HENRY DANA ....................................................................................................................53 By MRS. MARY ISABELLA GOZZALDI EARLY CAMBRIDGE DIARIES…....................................................................................57 By MRS. HARRIETTE M. FORBES ANNUAL REPORT OF THE TREASURER ........................................................................84 NECROLOGY ..............................................................................................................86 MEMBERSHIP .............................................................................................................89 OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY -
Lemuel Shaw, Chief Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court Of
This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the information in books and make it universally accessible. https://books.google.com AT 15' Fl LEMUEL SHAW I EMUEL SHAW CHIFF jl STIC h OF THE SUPREME Jli>I«'RL <.OlRT OF MAS Wlf .SfcTTb i a 30- 1 {'('• o BY FREDERIC HATHAWAY tHASH BOSTON AND NEW YORK HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY 1 9 1 8 LEMUEL SHAW CHIEF JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT OF MASSACHUSETTS 1830-1860 BY FREDERIC HATHAWAY CHASE BOSTON AND NEW YORK HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY (Sbe Slibttfibe $rrtf Cambribgc 1918 COPYRIGHT, I9lS, BY FREDERIC HATHAWAY CHASE ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Published March iqiS 279304 PREFACE It is doubtful if the country has ever seen a more brilliant group of lawyers than was found in Boston during the first half of the last century. None but a man of grand proportions could have emerged into prominence to stand with them. Webster, Choate, Story, Benjamin R. Curtis, Jeremiah Mason, the Hoars, Dana, Otis, and Caleb Cushing were among them. Of the lives and careers of all of these, full and adequate records have been written. But of him who was first their associate, and later their judge, the greatest legal figure of them all, only meagre accounts survive. It is in the hope of sup plying this deficiency, to some extent, that the following pages are presented. It may be thought that too great space has been given to a description of Shaw's forbears and early surroundings; but it is suggested that much in his character and later life is thus explained. -
Bible Matters: the Scriptural Origins of American Unitarianism
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Vanderbilt Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Archive BIBLE MATTERS: THE SCRIPTURAL ORIGINS OF AMERICAN UNITARIANISM By LYDIA WILLSKY Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Vanderbilt University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In Religion May, 2013 Nashville, Tennessee Approved: Professor James P. Byrd Professor James Hudnut-Beumler Professor Kathleen Flake Professor Paul Lim Professor Paul Conkin TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………3 CHAPTER 1: WILLIAM ELLERY CHANNING AND THE PASTORAL ROOTS OF UNITARIAN BIBLICISM………………………………………………………………………………..29 CHAPTER 2: WHAT’S “GOSPEL” IN THE BIBLE? ANDREWS NORTON AND THE LANGUAGE OF BIBLICAL TRUTH………………………………………...................................................77 CHAPTER 3: A PRACTICAL SPIRIT: FREDERIC HENRY HEDGE, THE BIBLE AND THE UNIVERSAL CHURCH…………………………………………………………………...124 CHAPTER 4: THE OPENING OF THE CANON: THEODORE PARKER AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF BIBLICAL AUTHORITY…………………………………………..168 CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………...........................205 BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………………………213 INTRODUCTION The New England Unitarians were a biblical people. They were not biblical in the way of their Puritan ancestors, who emulated the early apostolic Church and treated the Bible as a model for right living. They were a biblical people in the way almost every Protestant denomination of the nineteenth century -
Catalogue of the Athenaean Society of Bowdoin College
The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Maine History Documents Special Collections 1844 Catalogue of the Athenaean Society of Bowdoin College Athenaean Society (Bowdoin College) Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mainehistory Part of the History Commons This Monograph is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Maine History Documents by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Pamp 285 CATALOGUE OF THE ATHENANE SOCIETY BOWDOIN COLLEGE. INSTITUTED M DCCC XVII~~~INCORFORATED M DCCC XXVIII. BRUNSWICK: PRESS OF JOSEPH GRIFFIN. 1844. RAYMOND H. FOGLER LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF MAINE ORONO, MAINE from Library Number, OFFICERS OF THE GENERAL SOCIETY. Presidents. 1818 LEVI STOWELL . 1820 1820 JAMES LORING CHILD . 1821 1821 *WILLIAM KING PORTER . 1822 1822 EDWARD EMERSON BOURNE . 1823 1823 EDMUND THEODORE BRIDGE . 1825 1825 JAMES M’KEEN .... 1828 1828 JAMES LORING CHILD . 1829 1829 JAMES M’KEEN .... 1830 1830 WILLIAM PITT FESSENDEN . 1833 1833 PATRICK HENRY GREENLEAF . 1835 1835 *MOSES EMERY WOODMAN . 1837 1837 PHINEHAS BARNES . 1839 1839 WILLIAM HENRY ALLEN . 1841 1841 HENRY BOYNTON SMITH . 1842 1842 DANIEL RAYNES GOODWIN * Deceased. 4 OFFICERS OF THE Vice Presidents. 1821 EDWARD EMERSON BOURNE . 1822 1822 EDMUND THEODORE BRIDGE. 1823 1823 JOSIAH HILTON HOBBS . 1824 1824 ISRAEL WILDES BOURNE . 1825 1825 CHARLES RICHARD PORTER . 1827 1827 EBENEZER FURBUSH DEANE . 1828 In 1828 this office was abolished. Corresponding Secretaries. 1818 CHARLES RICHARD PORTER . 1823 1823 SYLVANUS WATERMAN ROBINSON . 1827 1827 *MOSES EMERY WOODMAN . 1828 In 1828 this office was united with that of the Recording Secretary. -
Cotton Mather
PEOPLE MENTIONED OR ALMOST MENTIONED IN CAPE COD: THE REVEREND COTTON MATHER COTTON MATHER CAPE COD: The Harbor of Provincetown —which, as well as the greater part of the Bay, and a wide expanse of ocean, we overlooked from our perch— is deservedly famous. It opens to the south, is free from rocks, and is never frozen over. It is said that the only ice seen in it drifts in sometimes from Barnstable or Plymouth. Dwight remarks that “The storms which prevail on the American coast generally come from the east; and there is no other harbor on a windward shore within two hundred miles.” J.D. Graham, who GRAHAM has made a very minute and thorough survey of this harbor and the adjacent waters, states that “its capacity, depth of water, excellent anchorage, and the complete shelter it affords from all winds, combine to render it one of the most valuable ship harbors on our coast.” It is the harbor of the Cape and of the fishermen of Massachusetts generally. It was known to navigators several years at least before the settlement of Plymouth. In Captain John Smith’s map of New England, dated 1614, it bears the name of JOHN SMITH Milford Haven, and Massachusetts Bay that of Stuard’s Bay. His Highness, Prince Charles, changed the name of Cape Cod to Cape James; but even princes have not always power to change a name for the worse, and as Cotton Mather said, Cape Cod is “a name which I suppose it will never lose till shoals of codfish be seen swimming on its highest hills.” REVEREND COTTON MATHER HDT WHAT? INDEX THE PEOPLE OF CAPE COD: COTTON MATHER “I was emptying the Cistern of Nature, and making Water at the Wall. -
Charles Ammi Cutter
CHAPTER I EARLY LIFE AND HARVARD STUDENT YEARS Early Years Charles Ammi Cutter was a member of a nineteenth century family that can be described as, "solid New England stock." The members had a pride in ancestry "not so much because their forbears were prominent in the social, polit- ical, or financial world, but because they were hard-working, plain-living, clear-thinking, and devout people, with high ideals.,,1 The Cutter fa_ily had its start in America with the arrival in Massachusetts from Newcastle-on-Tyne in Eng- land of the widow, Elizabeth Cutter, and her two sons about 1640. Through her son, Richard, she became the progenitress of descendants who, each in his own way, helped to civilize the colonial wilderness and who played a part in bringing the young nation through its revolutionary birth pains. 2 The Cutters were primarily farmers and merchants but included among their ranks clergymen, physicians, and later, 1 W. P. Cutter, Charles Ammi Cutter, p. 3. 2The principal sources for Cutter genealogical materi als are Benjamin Cutter, A Histor of the Cutter Famil of New England, revised and enlarged by William R. Cutter Bos ton: David Clapp and Son, 1871), passim; William R. Cutter, comp., Genealo ical and Personal Memoirs Relatiri to the Families of the State of Massachusetts 4 vols.; New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Company, 1910), III, passim. 1 2 soldiers. For example, Ammi Ruhamah Cutter (1735-1810) served as a physician during the second capture of Louisburg 1 during the French and Indian War. He later distinguished himself as Physician General of the Eastern Department of the Continental Army. -
Prodigal Sons and Daughters: Unitarianism In
Gaw 1 Prodigal Sons and Daughters: Unitarianism in Philadelphia, 1796 -1846 Charlotte Gaw Senior Honors Thesis Swarthmore College Professor Bruce Dorsey April 27, 2012 Gaw2 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ....................................................................................... 3 Introduction: Building A Church ...................................................................................... .4 Chapter One: Atlantic Movements Confront a "National" Establishment ........................ 15 Chapter Two: Hicksites as Unitarians ................................................................. .45 Chapter Three: Journeys Toward Liberation ............................................................ 75 Epilogue: A Prodigal Son Returns ..................................................................... 111 Bibliography ................................................................................................. 115 Gaw3 Acknow ledgements First, I want to thank Bruce Dorsey. His insight on this project was significant and valuable at every step along the way. His passion for history and his guidance during my time at Swarthmore have been tremendous forces in my life. I would to thank Eugene Lang for providing me summer funding to do a large portion of my archival research. I encountered many people at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, the Library Company of Philadelphia, the American Philosophical Society, and the Friends Historical Library who were eager and willing to help me in the research process, specifically