Revision of the Clearwing Osminia (: )

W. DONALD DUCKWORTH and THOMAS D. EICHLIN

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 361 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

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S. Dillon Ripley Secretary Smithsonian Institution SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 361

Revision of the Clearwing Moth Genus Osminia (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae)

W. Donald Duckworth and Thomas D. Eichlin

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS City of Washington 1983 ABSTRACT Duckworth, W. Donald, and Thomas D. Eichlin. Revision of the Clearwing Moth Genus Osminia (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 361, 15 pages, 27 figures, 1 map, 1983.—The clearwing moth genus Osminia is revised and four new species are described. All species in the genus are reviewed regarding their taxonomic history, known distribution, identity, and morphology. A distribution map, photographs of the adults, drawings of the genitalia, wing venation, and other aspects of the morphology are included.

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus).

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Duckworth, VVr. Donald. Revision of the clearwing moth genus Osminia (Lepidoptera—Sesiidae) (Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 361) Bibliography: p. Supt. of Docs. No.: SI 1.27:361 1. Osminia—Classification. 2. —Classification. I. Eichlin, Thomas D 1938- II Title. III. Series. QL1.S54 no. 361 (QL561.S47] 591s [595.78']] 82-600280 Contents

Page Introduction 1 Acknowledgments 1 Classification 2 Distribution 2 Biology 2 Checklist 3 Genus Osminia Le Cerf 4 Key to the Species of Osminia 4 Osminia bicornicolis, new species 5 Osminia colimaensis, new species 6 Osminia donahueorum, new species 7 Osminia ferruginea Le Cerf 8 Osminia phalarocera, new species 8 Osminia ruficornis (Edwards) 9 Literature Cited 11 Figures 12

in

Revision of the Glearwing Moth Genus Osminia (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae)

W. Donald Duckworth and Thomas D. Eichlin

Introduction species of sesiids (Duckworth and Eichlin, 1977a, 1977b, 1978b). Beginning with this paper, it is our intention The present paper provides a review of the to publish a series of studies on the genera and small, structurally unique genus Osminia. Engel- species of the clearwing (Sesiidae) of the hardt (1946), in his monograph of the North Western Hemisphere. This interesting and American clearwings, recognized the uniqueness unique family of Lepidoptera has been recog- of the only species known to him, rujicornis Ed- nized as distinct for more than a century and has wards, and established the monobasic genus Sig- been the subject of an increasing number of naphora based on this species. The present authors systematic, biological, and biochemical studies in discovered that Le Cerf (1917) had described the recent years (Heppner and Duckworth, 1981). monobasic genus Osminia for its type-species fer- Our research on sesiids began in 1971 and has ruginea from Mexico and that ruficomis and ferru- always had as an ultimate goal a faunal analysis ginea were cogeneric. Consequently, the Engle- of the family for the New World. In order to hardt genus was synonymized (Duckworth and properly prepare for the orderly gathering and Eichlin, 1977c:27). Field work conducted in re- analysis of information at the species-group level, cent years in Arizona and Mexico has provided it has been necessary to conduct and publish an examples of four new species belonging to this array of studies relating to type material and genus, which are herein described. higher classification (Duckworth and Eichlin, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—The authors gratefully 1973, 1974, 1977c, 1978a). In addition, a number acknowledge the cooperation and assistance of of papers have been published which were out- the following individuals and institutions for their growths of field work associated with the use of support in this study. For allowing us to examine synthetic pheromones for attracting a variety of specimens in their care: P.H. Arnaud, Jr., Cali- fornia Academy of Sciences, San Francisco; J.P.

W. Donald Duckworth, Department of Entomology, National Mu- Donahue, Los Angeles County Museum of Nat- seum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. ural History; R. . Fischer, Michigan State Uni- 20560. Thomas D. Eichlin, Laboratory Services/Entomology, Di- vision of Plant Industry, California Department of Food and Agricul- versity, East Lansing; J.A. Powell, University of ture, Sacramento, California 95814. California, Berkeley; K. Sattler, British Museum

1 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

(Natural History), London; R.O. Schuster, Uni- ventral cilia in both sexes and some features of versity of California, Davis; P. Viette, Museum the male genitalia; however, the wing venation National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Special pattern is most like species of the genus Melittia. thanks go to the following for special collecting, Consequently, proper placement of Callithia must which provided much of the original material await the acquisition of additional material and reported here: K.E. Donahue, J.P. Donahue, detailed studies. R.R. Snelling, Los Angeles County Museum of Together, the tribes Melittiini, Sesiini, and Os- Natural History; T.P. Friedlander, Texas A & M miniini form a complex that is somewhat set University, College Station; M.S. Wasbauer, Cal- apart from the remainder of the subfamily Sesi- ifornia Department of Food and Agriculture, Sac- inae. ramento. For special assistance we would like to acknowl- Distribution edge with gratitude R. Gustafson, botanist, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, for The known distribution for species in the genus identifying plant specimens; G.L. Venable, staff Osminia is provided in Map 1. While field activi- illustrator, Department of Entomology, National ties in the southwestern United States and Mexico Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Insti- in recent years coupled with the enhanced col- tution, Washington, D.C. for the illustrations; lecting capability provided by the advent of sesiid C.S. Papp, M.R. Papp, Labo- pheromones has greatly improved our knowledge ratory, California Department of Food and Ag- of the occurrence of the species of Osminia, the riculture, for the photographs and maps and for data are still far from adequate. A far more technical assistance, respectively. constraining problem is the virtually total lack of Lastly, our gratitude is extended to D.R. Davis life cycle and host-plant information for any of and R.C. Froeschner for critical review of the the included species. Consequently, any effort to manuscript and their encouragement and sup- analyze distribution patterns beyond the most port. obvious generalities becomes unacceptably spec- ulative at this time. The currently known distribution for the genus Classification is defined by the range of 0. rujicornis, which is from Virginia south to Florida, west to Missouri, Osminia is a small and structurally unique ge- and from southern Arizona to southern Mexico. nus. Along with the monobasic genus Calasesia The remainder of the species range from southern Beutenmuller, it composes the tribe Osminiini in Arizona to south central Mexico. Thus, the genus the subfamily Sesiinae (Duckworth and Eichlin, appears to be essentially Nearctic in distribution 1977c). This group is, in our opinion, a specialized with most of the species occurring in the arid and offshoot of the genus Sesia Fabricius, based mainly semiarid areas of the southwestern United States on features of the male genitalia, such as the well- southward to south central Mexico. developed gnathos and simple scale patches on Additional observations must, of necessity, the valva. Osminia also appears to have some await the acquisition of additional specimens and affinities with the genus Melittia Hiibner, such as life history information. the large eyes, scale plate beneath the scape of the antenna, and certain features of the male genitalia. Biology The Neotropical species Callithia oberthun Le Cerf, type-species of the monobasic Callithia, ex- As mentioned previously, virtually no data are hibits some characteristics similar to those found known regarding the life histories of the species in species of Osminia, such as antennae that lack comprising the genus Osminia. In general, sesiids NUMBER 361

1. Osminia ruficornis 2. O. bicornicolis 3. O. donahueorum 4. O. phalarocera 5. 0. ferruginea 6. O. colimaensis

MAP 1.—Distribution of Osminia species.

exhibit great similarity in most aspects of their Gray. While at the moment this can only be life cycle (Duckworth and Eichlin, 1974; Heppner considered an adult feeding record, it may well and Duckworth, 1981). provide the first substantive clue to the larval There is no reason to assume, at this point, that host plant, if future field studies result in locating species of Osminia vary from the boring habit and rearing larval or pupal material. typical of all known sesiid larvae. Morphological studies of the adults indicate the normal diurnal Checklist adult activity pattern, and collection data report Osminia Le Cerf adults of two species (0. ruficornis, 0. donahueorum) 0. bicornicolis, new species feeding in congregations at nectar sources. In the 0. colimaensis, new species 0. donahueorum, new species case of 0. donahueorum, all the specimens were 0. ferruginea Le Cerf collected at the flowers of a legume (Fabaceae), 0. phalarocera, new species subsequently determined to be Cracca edwardsu 0. ruficornis (Edwards) SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Genus Osminia Le Cerf length, veins from cell, therefore, relatively short; M3 and Cui very short stalked. Male genitalia Osminia Le Cerf, 1917:327 [type-species: Osmimaferruginea Le Cerf, 1917, monotypy]. with valva mostly densely clothed with long dark Signaphora Engelhardt, 1946:131 [type-species: Carmenta rufi- setaceous scales; various spine-like processes, cornis Edwards, 1881, original designation].—Duckworth ridges or projections near center of valva, depend- and Eichlin, 1977c:27. ing on species; without crista sacculi; vinculum relatively wide, with saccus relatively short, wide, DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS.—Head with eyes broadly rounded apically; gnathos usually well very large (eye index range: 1.40-1.85) (Powell, developed, projecting, of various forms depending 1973:8), extending to vertex behind antennal on species; uncus roof-shaped, thickly clothed bases, shortest distance between eyes across vertex with long setaceous scales as on valva; aedeagus less than greatest vertical length of eye, ratios narrow, apically with various sclerotization, and range from 9:10 to 3:10, depending on the species with dorsal and/or lateral processes on certain (interocular index, Davis, 1975:5), ocelli very species. Female genitalia with ostium bursae quite large; vertex roughened, posterior margin with different for each species, often complex; ductus chaetosemae; small scale plate present beneath bursae usually relatively short, gradually widen- antenna projecting horizontally slightly over edge ing to oblong corpus bursae; corpus bursae with of eye; labial palpus roughened, elongate, pro- signum of various forms, most often a stout, con- jecting above front to slightly above highest level ical, spine-like structure. of vertex; antenna relatively strongly clavate, one- DISCUSSION.—The known species of Osminia are half to two-thirds length of forewing, lacking mainly distributed in Mexico and southeastern ventral cilia on both sexes except very short cilia Arizona. One species, 0. ruficornis, occurs from present on male O. ferruginea; proboscis present, southern Mexico to Virginia. normal, not reduced. Forewing with veins Ri and There are some observations suggesting that R.2 confluent for most or part of their length to one or more of the species may utilize species of wing margin; R4 and R5 stalked for more than Fabaceae (legumes) as hosts. Very little is known one-half their length. Hindwing with cell very about the biology of any of the species of Osminia; long, extending to about two-thirds of wing consequently, the immature stages are not known.

Key to the Species of Osminia

1. Abdomen dorsally with one or more yellow or white bands 2 Abdomen dorsally without yellow or white banding (perhaps with some scattered powdering of pale colored scales) 4 2. Abdomen dorsally with more than one yellow or white band O. ruficornis (Edwards) Abdomen dorsally with one white band 3 3. Abdomen ventrally with white band on segment 4; antenna powdered yellow or orange O. donahueorum, new species Abdomen ventrally unbanded with white; antenna with white or pale yellow spot about one-third from apex . O. phalarocera, new species 4. Forewing dorsally strongly powdered pale pink or pale yellow medially before and after discal spot O. bicornicolis, new species Forewing dorsally unpowdered or powdered with rust-red on costal margin and discal spot 5 NUMBER 361

5. Rust-red on vertex of head, powdered on abdomen dorsally, on anal tuft, and on costal margin and discal spot of forewing dorsally O. ferruginea Le Cerf Without rust-red O. colimaensis, new species

Osminia bicornicolis, new species gus with narrow, elongate, sinuous, sharply pointed, lateral processes. FIGURES 6, 12, 18, 20, 23; MAP 1 FEMALE.—Similar to the male. MEASUREMENTS.—Wing length 7-10 mm. Eye Female Genitalia (Figure 20): Region of ostium index 1.65-1.70, range for both males and fe- bursae complex, with large, blind, sac-like struc- males. ture ventrad: posterior portion of ductus bursae MALE.—Head: Vertex roughened, brown- mostly sclerotized except ventrally, remainder black with many long, thin, white scales mixed; short, membranous; corpus bursae oblong, sig- occipital fringe white and brown-black mixed; num uniquely in form of sclerotized, pigmented front brown-black, white laterally, beneath scape patch with thin medial plate projecting into cor- and often scattered dorsally and medially; labial pus bursae. palpus strongly roughened with long, thin scales TYPES.—Holotype (male): "9 mi. north Ojo Cal- of similar length throughout, brown-black, white iente, Zac, MEX., V-12-1962"; "F.D. Parker, and some pale yellow scales mixed; antenna collector" (deposited at University of California, brown-black, unpowdered. Davis). Thorax: Brown-black, pink patch at wing base Paratypes (133: 128 males, 5 females): 1 male anteriorly, elsewhere with much pink, white and with same data as holotype. 13 males: "Mex., pale yellow mixed. Temoris, Chih., IX-13-1969": "T.A. Sears, R.C. Abdomen: Brown-black with sortie pale yellow Gardner, C.S. Glaser." 1 male: "2 mi. N. Choix, and pink variously, strongest laterally and ven- Sin., Mex., IX-7-1968"; same collectors. 6 males: trally; anal tuft poorly developed, with much "4 mi. NW Choix, Sin., Mex., VIII-29-1968"; pale yellow. same collectors. 8 males: "4 mi. NW Choix, Sin., Legs: Coxae brown-black basally but with Mex., IX-1-1968"; same collectors. 4 males: "4 much pale pink, pale yellow and white laterally mi. NW Choix, Arroyo del Saucillo, Sin., Mex., and distally; femora brown-black, ventrally with IX-1-1968"; same collectors. 89 males: "5.5 mi. very long, thin, pale yellow and white scales; tibiae brown-black, distal one-half dorsally with NW Choix, Sin., Mex., IX-5-1968"; same collec- tuft of long, thin pale yellow and white scales, tors. 4 females: "55 k, R.45, Zacatecas, Mex., some also ventrad; tarsi pale yellow, brown-black VII-3-61, R & K Dreisbach." 1 male: "MEX.: at joints. Gto., 9 mi. SE San Luis de la Paz, VII-7-64"; "CD. Johnson, Collector." 2 males, 1 female: Forewing: Mostly opaque with margins, veins "Zimpan, Hdgo., Mex., VH-8-68"; "M. Was- and discal spot brown-black, but discal cell, below Cui and apical area pink or pale yellow, these bauer & J. Slansky, Coll.s" I male: "Hujintlan, scales apparently easily lost, leaving hyaline Morelos, Mexico, 8-22-56, R. & K. Dreisbach." areas. 1 male: "Chipancingo, Guer., Mex., 7-24-61, R. Hindwing: Hyaline with very narrow, brown- & K. Dreisbach." 1 male: "MEX., Mich.: (mi. black margins; fringe white on anal margin to 43241.0) 1.6 km E Morelia, 2042 m. elev., 13 wing base. Sept. 1976, C. George & R.R. Snelling, colls."; Male Genitalia (Figure 18): Valva strongly up- "attracted to Farchan ZZ-ODDA pheromone." curved distally, outer margin somewhat concave; DEPOSITION OF TYPES.—Holotype: male (Univer- medial projection on valva latero-apically; aedea- sity of California, Davis). SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Paratypes (98 males, 5 females): 20 males (Uni- sally, white laterally; front brown-black, much versity of California, Davis); 10 males (California white beneath antenna, laterally, and overlaid Insect Survey, University of California, Berkeley); medially; labial palpus roughened, white dorsally 10 males, 1 female (California Department of and mesally, brown-black and white laterally, Food and Agriculture, Sacramento); 20 males, 1 white ventrally mixed with setaceous brown- female (California Academy of Sciences, San black scales; antenna brown-black, powdered yel- Francisco); 20 males (Los Angeles County Mu- low ventrally to near apex. seum of Natural History); 20 males (American Thorax: Brown-black, overlaid with setaceous Museum of Natural History, New York); 8 males, straw-colored scales; setaceous white scale tuft 1 female (Michigan State University, East Lan- behind wing; straw-colored patch beneath wing. sing); 20 males, 2 females (National Museum of Abdomen: Brown-black; dorsally with poste- Natural History, Washington, D.C.). rior margin of each segment paler, two overlaid TYPE-LOCALITY.—9 mi (14.5 km) north of Ojo with setaceous yellow scales, four with some se- Caliente, Zacatecas, Mexico. taceous white scales; anal tuft brown; ventrally HOST PLANT.—Unknown. all segments overlaid with setaceous white scales, DISTRIBUTION.—Western and central Mexico, apex beneath anal tuft yellow-orange, yellow from Chichuahua and Zacatecas to Guerrero and scales covering exposed valvae. Morelos. Legs: Forecoxa yellow-orange, white laterally; DISCUSSION.—Adults were collected in July, femora brown-black, white setaceous tufting August, and September, except for two specimens along ventral margin, white on dorsal margin; from Zacatecas taken in May. The moths, partic- tibiae brown-black, tufted white medially; tarsi ularly the males, apparently congregate in large brown-black, much pale yellow to white on first numbers under certain conditions, which are not segment and at tarsal joints. as yet understood. Forewing: Mostly hyaline, margins, veins, dis- When known localities of 0. bicomicolis are plot- cal spot brown-black, lightly powdered yellow, ted on a map of the vegetation zones of Mexico, strongest powdering on anal margin; ventrally according to Leopold (1950:508), these localities more strongly powdered yellow on costal margin. fall either in the "Pine-Oak Forest Zone" or Hindwing: Hyaline, margins very narrow, adjoining zones, including "Mesquite-Grassland" brown-black; fringe on anal margin becoming in central Mexico on one side of the pine-oak white near wing base. forest and "Tropical Deciduous Forest" in south- Male Genitalia (Figure 16): Valva apically ern and western Mexico on the other edge of the truncate, costal edge sharply upcurved to apex, pine-oak forest. thickly clothed with dark setaceous scales on dis- ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name bicomicolis is tal one-half, which nearly obscure triangular derived from the Latin bi (two), cornis (horned), process in middle of valva; gnathos gradually and colis (penis); it is considered a noun in ap- tapered to sharp, downcurved point; aedeagus position. The name refers to the two, elongate with two sharply pointed, rod-like processes api- processes on the aedeagus. cally, one on each side. FEMALE.—Unknown. Osminia colimaensis, new species TYPE.—Holotype (male): "Colima, Mexico;"

Figures 7, 11, 16, 24; MAP 1 "Genitalia Slide by M.R. Papp, CDA 384." DEPOSITION OF TYPE.—Holotype: male (National MEASUREMENTS.—Wing length 7.5 mm. Eye Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Insti- index, 1.75, male. tution, Washington, D.C., USNM 77541). MALE.—Head Vertex roughened, brown-black TYPE-LOCALITY.—Colima, Mexico. and yellow mixed; occipital fringe yellow dor- HOST PLANT.—Unknown. NUMBER 361

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the type- black; fringe white toward wing base. locality. Male Genitalia (Figure 15): Valva relatively DISCUSSION.—Described from a single male narrow, strongly upcurved, with small spine-like specimen, which has no date or collector on the projection near center; saccus relatively narrow; label. This species is distinctive in the genus gnathos hood-shaped, strongly indented medi- because of its mostly hyaline wings with narrow ally; aedeagus with rod-like projection dorsoapi- margins and well-defined discal spot. cally, similar to 0. rujicornis. FEMALE.—Similar to the male. Osminia donahueorum, new species Female Genitalia (Figure 19): Ostium bursae

FIGURES 5, 9, 15, 19, 25; MAP 1 simple, very broad, slightly pigmented, abruptly tapering to narrow, short, somewhat sclerotized, MEASUREMENTS.—Wing length: 4-7 mm. Eye rugose ductus bursae, which gradually widens index 1.41, male and female. into obovate corpus bursae; small conical signum MALE.—Head: Vertex relatively smooth, on corpus bursae. brown-black with yellow or pale orange laterally TYPES.—Holotype (male): "ARIZ: Santa Cruz and in short streak medio-posteriorly; occipital Co., Madera Cyn., 5600 ft., Bog Springs C.G., 3- fringe brown-black and pale yellow mixed dor- 5 August 1977, JP & KE Donahue." sally, white laterally; front and scale plate brown- Paratypes (85: 53 males, 32 females): 84 with black; labial palpus slightly roughened, white same data as holotype. 1 female: "Ariz., Pima with brown-black dorsally and apically; antenna Co., Madera Canyon, VIII-11-1974, Eichlin et brown-black, but strongly powdered pale orange al." on dorso-posterior side. DEPOSITION OF TYPES.—Holotype: male (Los An- Thorax: Brown-black, variously overlaid with geles County Museum of Natural History). white, pale yellow, pale orange and pink scales; Paratypes (53 males, 32 females): 10 males, 6 setaceous white scale tuft behind wings; white females (Los Angeles County Museum of Natural stripe laterally from collar to wing base. History); 10 males, 6 females (American Museum Abdomen: Brown-black, variously overlaid of Natural History, New York); 5 males, 3 females with white, pale yellow, pale orange and pink scales; segment four with white band on posterior (California Insect Survey, University of Califor- margin dorsally, widening laterally and becoming nia, Berkeley); 10 males, 6 females (California solid white ventrally. Academy of Sciences, San Francisco); 5 males, 3 Legs: Forecoxa white, some brown-black dis- females (California Department of Food and Ag- tally; femora brown-black, ventral edge with se- riculture, Sacramento); 13 males, 8 females (Na- taceous white scales; tibiae brown-black except tional Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian white tuft with dark spine-like scales mixed en- Institution, Washington, D.C.). circling hind tibia at medial spurs; spurs white; TYPE-LOCALITY.—Bog Spring Camp Ground, tarsi brown-black with some pale yellow or white 5600 ft (1707 m), Madera Canyon, Santa Cruz on each segment, dark spine-like scales projecting County, Arizona. at joints; legs mesally mostly pale yellow or white. HOST PLANT.—See following discussion. Forewing: Mostly opaque, with small area in DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the type-lo- cell and one in apical portion just beyond discal cality. spot appearing clear but consisting of white trans- DISCUSSION.—This species is named for Kathy lucent scales, brown-black, variously powdered and Julian Donahue, Los Angeles County Mu- with white, pale yellow and pink scales; ventrally seum of Natural History, in recognition of their with much white on basal one-half. discovery of the species and its possible host plant. Hindwing: Mostly hyaline; margins brown- All of their specimens (87) were collected at the 8 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY flowers of a legume (Fabaceae) identified by Rob- apically; aedeagus more elongate, slender. ert Gustafson, Los Angeles County Museum bot- FEMALE.—Unknown. anist, as Cracca edwardsii Gray. Verifications of TYPE.—The label on the unique holotype gives this plant as a host for 0. donahueorum would the data as "1901-3." We lack a photograph of require locating associated larvae or pupae and this species, but it is shown by Le Cerf (1917:328, rearing them to adulthood. fig. 3956) and Zukowsky (1936-1937, pi. 178). DEPOSITION OF HOLOTYPE.—Male (Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris). Osminia ferruginea Le Cerf TYPE-LOCALITY,—Near Cordoba, Mexico. HOST PLANT.—Unknown. FIGURE 17, MAP 1 DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the type- Osminia ferruginea Le Cerf, 1917:328. locality.

MEASUREMENTS.—Wing length 12 mm. Osminia phalarocera, new species MALE.—Head: Vertex roughened, brown- FIGURES 4, 8, 14, 22, 26; MAP 1 black, white and rust-red mixed; occipital fringe white, some yellow dorsally; front brown-black, MEASUREMENTS.—Wing length 5-7 mm. Eye some yellow latero-ventrally; labial palpus rough- index 1.77-1.84, range for males and females. ened, brown-black, some yellow mixed; antenna MALE.—Head: Vertex roughened, brown- with very short ventral cilia, dorsally brown-black black with white, pale yellow and pale orange with much orange powdered variously, ventrally mixed medially and posteriorly; occipital fringe orange, scape yellow. brown-black with white and pale yellow mixed; Thorax: Brown-black with setaceous rust-red front and scale plate brown-black; labial palpus and yellow scales mixed. roughened ventrally with mostly even length, Abdomen: Brown-black; dorsally variously white scales, white with brown-black dorsally and powdered rust-red; ventrally with much pale yel- apically; antennae brown-black with preapical low on segments 4 and 5; anal tuft somewhat white spot about one-third distance from apex. elongate-quadrate, rust-red, slightly orange api- Thorax: Brown-black. cal ly. Abdomen: Brown-black; segment 4 with white Legs: Mostly brown-black, but with some pale band dorsally only, band narrower medially; seg- orange powdered on forecoxa, dorsally on femur, ment 1 with white tuft laterally. ventrally on foretibia, medially and ventrally on Legs: Forecoxa white, some brown-black dis- tarsi, tarsal segments brown-black at joints tally; femora brown-black; tibiae brown-black (hindlegs missing on holotype). except white in tuft dorsally near medial spur Forewing: Mostly hyaline; apical margin pair; tarsi mostly pale yellow to white except for somewhat diffuse, brown-black with rust-red; cos- brown-black at joints and first segment of hind- tal margin brown-black with rust-red powdering tarsi solid brown-black. and between R3 and R4+5; discal spot brown- Forewing: Opaque, brown-black; dorsally black with some rust-red. with very few white scales scattered in cell and Hindwing: Hyaline; margins very narrow, no apically; ventrally strongly powdered white on discal spot, rust-red powdered on anal margin costal margin to cell. dorsally, but without rust-red powdering ven- Hindwing: Mostly hyaline with relatively nar- trally. row margins somewhat suffuse; fringe white near Male Genitalia (Figure 17): Much like 0. rufi- wing base. cornis but with saccus more narrow; gnathos of Male Genitalia (Figure 14): Valva broad, se- different form, much shorter and not pointed taceous scales on distal portion and on uncus, NUMBER 361 pale, not black as on the other species of Osminia, the genitalic structures of the two species are medial projection thin, broad, with margin hav- markedly different. All specimens were collected ing wide V-shaped impression forming points on in late September to late October. both ends of projection; juxta wide, with slender ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name phalarocera is dorso-lateral projections; gnathos very short, derived from the Greek phalaros (white-spotted) broadly rounded; aedeagus with short, lateral, and kera (horn); it is considered feminine in gen- spine-like projection. der. The name refers to the preapical white spot FEMALE.—Similar to male. on each antenna. Female Genitalia (Figure 22): Ostium bursae sim- ple; ductus bursae elongate, slender, short poste- Osminia ruficornis (Edwards) rior section sclerotized with small, nearly trian- gular extension posteriodorsad; corpus bursae rel- FIGURES 1-3, 10, 13, 21, 27; MAP 1 atively large, oblong, signum a large conical pro- Carmenta ruficornis Edwards, 1881:184. jection. Carmenta minuta Edwards, 1881:185. TYPES.—Holotype (male): "MEX., Jal. (mi. Aegeria candescens Edwards, 1882:123. 72764.9) 3.4 km NW Tequila, 1295 m elev., Sept. Tarsopoda marcia Druce, 1889:81. 1976, C. D. George & R. R. Snelling, colls."; Osminia ruficornis.—Duckworth and Eichlin, 1977c:28. "attracted to Farchan ZZ-ODDA pheromone." MEASUREMENTS.—Wing length 4-7 mm. Eye Paratypes (6): 3 males: "MEXICO: 8 mi. S. index 1.57-1.66, range for males and females. Guadalajara, Jal., late Sept. 1954, F.X. Wil- MALE.—Head: Vertex roughened, brown- liams"; 1 with "Genitalia Slide By T.D. Eichlin, black and yellow mixed; occipital fringe yellow USNM 76133." 1 male: "Plan de Barranca, 3200, dorsally, white laterally; front gray-black, white Jal MEX., 25 Sept. 1976, CDG & RRS"; "C. D. laterally; labial palpus slightly roughened, yel- George and R. R. Snelling, colls." 1 female low, some brown-black dorsally; antenna blue- "Tepotzlan, Morelos, Mex., 9-26-57, R. & K. black, strongly powdered orange ventrally. Dreisbach"; "Genitalia Slide By T.D. Eichlin, Thorax: Brown-black; collar yellow ventrally; USNM 76134." 1 female: "Cuernavaca, Morelos, yellow spot before wing base. Mex., 10-29-57, R.&K. Dreisbach"; "Genitalia Abdomen: Brown-black; segments 2, 4, 6, and Slide By T.D. Eichlin, CDA 383." 7 banded yellow dorsally; ventrally with four DEPOSITION OF TYPES.—Holotype: male (Los An- solid yellow or white bands. geles County Museum of Natural History). Legs: Forecoxa yellow laterally; femora Paratypes: 1 male, 1 female (National Museum brown-black; tibiae brown-black, broadly ringed of Natural History, Washington, D.C.); 3 males with yellow medially; tarsi golden-yellow, ringed (California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco); with brown-black at joints. 1 female (Michigan State University, East Lan- Forewing: Opaque or with small hyaline streak sing). in cell and small hyaline spot distad of discal TYPE-LOCALITY.—3.4 km northwest of Tequila, spot; brown-black, variously but lightly powdered 1295 m elevation, Jalisco, Mexico. deep orange basally in cell and just beyond discal HOST PLANT.—Unknown. spot; ventrally powdered yellow basally and DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the type se- along costal margin. ries collected in Jalisco and Morelos, Mexico. Hindwing: Hyaline; very narrow margins DISCUSSION.—Superficially, 0. phalarocera re- brown-black; narrow discal spot pale yellow or sembles 0. donahueorum. They can be most easily orange; ventrally most veins powdered orange. separated by the presence of preapical white spots Male Genitalia (Figure 13): Valva narrow, up- on the antennae and the absence of white ven- curved toward apex, with triangular, sharply trally on the abdomen of O. phalarocera. Details of pointed spine near center; saccus, short, broad; 10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY gnathos elongate, narrow, rod-shaped, sharply Georgia (C. minuta). Arizona (A. candescens). Dos downcurved at apex, with thin shelf-like projec- Arroyos, Guerrero, Mexico (7". marcia). tion ventrad of gnathos; aedeagus with rod-like HOST PLANT.—Unknown. projection dorso-apically. DISTRIBUTION.—Virginia south to Florida, west FEMALE.—Similar to the male. to Missouri; southern Arizona to southern Mex- Female Genitalia (Figure 21): Ostium bursae ico. somewhat complex, sclerotized, heart-shaped; DISCUSSION.—Adults of 0. rujicornis have occa- ductus bursae short, narrow at ostium bursae, sionally been seen congregating at nectar sources where ductus seminalis arises, gradually widening during August and September. Though widely to obovate corpus bursae; corpus bursae with distributed and frequently collected, nothing is spine-like signum. known of its biology. DEPOSITION OF TYPES.—Holotype (0. rujicornis): Southern Arizona specimens (form "can- male (National Museum of Natural History); descens") differ from the typical form by having Holotype (C. minuta): female (Michigan State more orange powdering on the forewing; abdom- University). Holotype (A. candescens): female (Na- inal banding white, not yellow; white on the tional Museum of Natural History). Lectotype collar and mixed with yellow on the spot anterior (T. marcia): male (British Museum of Natural to the wing base; white dorsally on the labial History). palpus; white mixed with yellow on the forecoxa; TYPE-LOCALITIES.—Georgia (0. rujicornis). and white replacing the yellow on the hindtibia. Literature Cited

Davis, DR. Edwards, Henry 1975. West Indian Moths of the Family Psychidae with 1881. New Genera and Species of the Family Aegeridae. Descriptions of New Taxa and Immature Stages. Papilio, 1(10): 179-208. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 188: 66 pages. 1882. Descriptions of New Species of North American Druce, H. Heterocera. Papilio, 1 (10): 123-130. 1889. Descriptions of New Species of Lepidoptera, Engelhardt, George P. Chiefly from Central America. The Annals and 1946. The North American Clear-Wing Moths of the Magazine of Natural History, series 6, 4:77-94. Family Aegeriidae. United States National Museum Duckworth, W. Donald, and Thomas D. Eichlin Bulletin, 190:1-222, 32 plates. 1973. The Type-Material of North American Clearwing Heppner, John B., and W. Donald Duckworth Moths (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae). Smithsonian Contri- 1981. Classification of the Superfamily Sesioidea (Lepi- butions to Zoology, 148: 34 pages. doptera: Ditrysia). Smithsonian Contributions to Zool- 1974. Clearwing Moths of Australia and New Zealand ogy, 314: 144 pages. (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Le Cerf, F. Zoology, 180: 45 pages. 1917. Contributions a l'etude des Aegeriidae: Descrip- 1977a. Two New Species of Clearwing Moths (Sesiidae) tion et iconographie d'especes et de formes nou- from Eastern North America Clarified by Sex velles ou peu connues. Etudes de Lepidoplerologie Pheromones. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, Comparee, 14:137-388. 31:191-196. Leopold, A.A. 1977b. A New Species of Clearwing Moth from Southcen- 1950. Vegetation Zones of Mexico. Ecology, 31:507-518. tral Texas. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 53:175- Powell, J.A. 178. 1973. A Systematic Monograph of New World Ethmiid 1977c. A Classification of the Sesiidae of America North Moths (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea). Smithsonian of Mexico (Lepidoptera: Sesioidea). Occasional Pa- Contributions to Zoology, 120: 302 pages. pers in Entomology (Sacramento), 26:1-54. Zukowsky, B. 1978a. The Type-Material of Central and South Ameri- 1936-1937. Familie: Aegerriidae. In A. Seitz, Die Gross- can Clearwing Moths (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae). Schmetterlinge der Erde, II. Abteilung: Exotische Fauna, Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 261: 28 pages. volume 6 (Die amerikanischen Spinner und 1978b. The Clearwing Moths of California (Lepidoptera: Schwarmer): 1215-1262, plates 176-180, 185. Sesiidae). Occasional Papers in Entomology (Sacra- Stuttgart: A. Kernen. [1936:1215-1256. 1937: mento), 27:1-82, 7 plates. 1257-1262.]

11 12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 1-2.—Morphology of Osminia rujicomis: 1, head (latero-anterior view); 2, wing venation.

(0)

phalarocera

phalarocera

FIGURES 8-12.—Abdominal morphology, dorsal view of ab- dominal segment eight of male (scales removed): 8, Osminia phalarocera; 9, 0. donahueorum; 10, 0. ruficornis; 11, 0. colimaen- sis; 12, 0. bicomicolis.

bicornicolis

FIGURES 3-7.—Head morphology (schematic), frontal and dorsal views: 3, Osminia ruficornis; 4, 0. phalarocera; 5, 0. donahueorum; 6, 0. bicomicolis; 7, 0. colimaensis. NUMBER :?61

FIGURES 13-18.—Male genitalia (ventral view, right valva removed): 13. Osminia ruficorms; 14, 0. phalarocera; 15, 0. donahueorum; 16, 0. colimaensis; 17, 0. ferruginea; 18, 0. bicornicolis. 14 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 19-22.—Female genitalia (ventral view). 19, Osminia donahueorum; 20, O. bicornicolu: 21, 0. ruficornts; 22, O. phalarocera. NUMBER 1561 15

FIGURES 23-27.—Osmima adults: 23, O. bttorni- colis; 24, 0. colimaensis; 25, 0. donahueorum; 26, 0. phalarocera; 27, 0. ruficomis.

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