1596 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 1 By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the Legis­ world, with haunting fears of a war won Domestic Allotment Act, as amended., to en­ lature of the State of North Carolina, me­ . ~n~ a peace lost; it\ this bafiting hqur we courage the growing o.f war crops ·by protect­ morializing the President and the Congress t4rn to Thee know;ing that low lies our ing the allotments of producers of cotton, of the United States to enact legislation for wheat, and peanuts. the relief of counties whose taxable property best till lifted up to heaven. Unworthy has been taken over for national forests and though we are, Thou hast made us keep­ .c~L!" o:F niE ROLL parks; to the Committee on the Public Lands. ers of the holy flame of freedom the Mr. BARKLEY. I suggest the absence Also, memorial of the Legislature of the fathers kindled with their lives. We ·of a quorum. State of North Carolina, memorializing the 'would share that sacred fire until tyr­ The VICE PRESIDENT. . The clerk President and the Congress of the United anny everywhere having been consumed will call the roll. States to lend their immediate assistance in all the nations of the earth shall be obtaining tobacco-plant bed cloth for the The Chief Clerk called· the roll, and farmers of eastern North . Carolina; to the blessed. · the following· Senators answered to their • Committee on Military Affairs. As this day the President of the Re­ names: Also, memorial of the Legislature of the public, re.turning from world..:embracing Aiken Hart Overton State of Oregon, IJ1emorializing the President councils·, stands before the Congress in Bailey Hateh. Pepper and the Congress of the United States to an historic hour to ·lift up the hopes and Ball Hawkes Radcliffe enact Senate bill 313 to the end that certain Bankhead Hayden Reed dreams for world accord and cooperation, Barkley Hlckenlooper Revercomb lands may be opened .to mineral entry; to the we would bow with grateful hearts that ·Bilbo Hill Robertson Committee on the Public Lands. by the victorious sword of the United Brewster Hoey Russell Bridges Johnson, Calif. Sal tonstall Nations this hour has arrived on Thy Briggs Johnson, Colo. Shipstead PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS calendar of salvation. Steel our wills Buck Johnston, S.C. Smith and steady our hands with power and Burton Kilgore ·, Stewart Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private Bushfield La Follette Taft bills and resolutions were introduced and wisdom that with eager joy we may dedi­ Butler Langer 'l'aylor severally ref~rred as follows: cate the Nation's strength to throw open Byrd McCarran Thomas, Idaho the gates of a new life for all mankind. Capehart · McClellan Thomas, Okla. By Mr. KEFAUVER: We ask it in that Name that is above Capper McFarland Thomas, Utah H. R. 2414. A bill for the relief of the estate Chandler McKellar. Tobey of""'Ed Edmondson, deceased; to the Commit-. every name. Amen. Chavez McMahon Tunnell ·tee on Claims. THE JOURNAL Cordon Magnuson Tyding·s _ . By Mr. PLOESER: Donnell Maybank Vandenberg H. R. 2415: A bill for the relief of Joseph On request of Mr. BARKLEY, and by Downey Mead . Wagner Eastland Millikin Walsh Tarantola and Ida Tarantola; to the Com- · unanimous consent, the reading of the Ellender Mitchell Wheelr;r mfttee on Claims. · Journal of the proceedings of the calen­ Ferguson Moore Wherry dar day Wednesday, February 28, 1945, Fulbright Morse White George Murdock Wiley PETITIONS, ETC. was dispensed with, and the Journal was Gerry Murray , Willis approved. Green Myers Wilson Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions Guffey O'Daniel and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT­ Gurney O'Mahoney APPROVAL OF BILLS and referred as follows: · Mr. mLL. I announce that the Sena­ 113. By Mr. HALE: Memorial of the State Messages in writing from the President tor from Florida [Mr. ANDREWS], the of Maine, protesting the passage of legisla­ of the United ::)tates were communicated Senator from Illinois LMr. LucAs], the tion pro~iding for the drafting of men for to the Senate by Mr. Miller, one of his labor in industrial plants; to the Committee Senator from North Dakota [Mr. MosEs], secretaries, and he announced that the and the Senator from Nevada [Mr. on Military Affairs. President had approved and signed the 114. By Mr. CANFIELD: Resolution adopt­ ScRUGHAM] ·are necessarily absent. ed by the New Jersey State legislative board, following acts: The Senator from Texas [Mr. CoN­ Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and En­ On February 24, i945: NALLY] is a delegate to the Inter-Amer­ ginemen, objection to the proposed St. Law­ S. 375. An act to provide for the effective administration of certain lending agencies of ican Conference in Mexico and is there­ rence waterway and power project; to the . fore necessarily absent. Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com­ the Federal Government. merce. On February 28, 1945: The Senator from Virginia [Mr. 115. By Mr. LYNCH: Memorial of the Sen­ s. 210. An act to repeal the act entitled "An GLASS] is absent because of illness. ate of the State of New York requesting the act to authorize the conveyance of the old Mr. WHERRY. The Senator from Congress of the United States to enact such lighthouse keeper's residence in Manitowoc, Vermont [Mr. AusTIN] is absent on offi­ legislation as may be necessary to accord the Wis., to the Otto Oas Post, No. 659, Veterans cial business as a delegate to the Inter­ State of New York title in fee to the land of Foreign Wars of the United States, Manito­ woc, Wls.," appro'!ed June 16, 1938; American Conference at Mexico City. now owned by the United States and leased The Senator from Illinois [Mr. to the State of New York for the ·use of the S. 213. An act to authorize the Secretary New York State Merchant Marine Academy; of the Navy to grant to the city of Canton, BROOKS] is necessarily absent. . to the Committee on Public Buildings and Ohio, for highway purposes only, a strip of The VICE PRESIDENT. Eighty-eight Grounds. land situated within the United States naval Senators have answered to their names. ordnance plant at Canton, Ohio; 116. By Mr. WOLCOTT: Petition of 17 resi­ A quorum is present. . S. 216. An act to authorize the Secretary dents of St. Clair, Mich., expressing inter­ SPECIAL COMMITTEE ' TO STUDY AND est in legislation which will prevent inter­ of the Navy to convey to Oahu Railway & Land ference with the broadcasting of noncom­ Co. an easement for railway purposes in cer­ SURVEY PROBLEMS OF SMALL-BUSI­ mercial programs presented by recognized tain lands situated at Halawa, Ewa, Oahu, NESS ENTERPRISES T.H.; educational institutions; to the Committee The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. S. 218. An act to authorize the Secretary of the Navy to lease certain lands situated in appoints the Senator from Connecticut San Diego County, State of California; [Mr. HART] a member of the Special S. 219. An act to amend section 1442, Re­ Committee to Study and Survey Problems vised Statutes, relating to furlough of officers of Small Business Enterprises, to fill the . SENATE by the Secretary of the Navy; S. 221. An act to authorize Lewis Hobart vacancy caused by the resignation of the Senator from Ohio [Mr. TAFTJ. THURSDAY, MARCH 1, 1945 Kenney, Charles Garner, Charles Clement Goodman, and Henry Charles Robinson to BOARD OF REGENTS, SMITHSONIAN (Legislative day of Monday, February 26# accept decorations a.nd orders tendered them INSTITUTION by the Government of tl;le United States of 1945) Brazil; The 'VICE PRESIDENT. Pursuant to The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, S. 315. An act for the relief of G. F. Allen, section 5581 of th~ Revised Statutes of on the expiration of the recess. chief oisbursing officer, Treasury Department,_ the United State.s (U.S. C., title 20, ch. 3, and for other purposes; sec. 43), the Chair appoints ~the Senator The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown S. 317. An act for the.relief of G. F. Allen, Harris, D. D., offered the following chief disbursing officer for the Treasur'y De­ from Georgia [Mr. GEORGE] and the prayer: · partment, and for other purposes; and Senator from Maine [Mr. WHITE] mem• S. 338. An act to amend· the Agricultural bers of the Board of Regents of the Father of all mankind, with minds Adjustment Act of ,1938, as amended., and Smithsonian· Institution, to fill existing burdened for the Nation and for the eections 7 to 17 of the Soil Conservation and vacancies thereon. /

1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 1597 REPORT OF NATIONAL CAPITAL HOUSING Department of the Interior, fiscal year 1945, 1slative Branch, United States Senate, fiscal AUTHORITY amounting to $47,625 (with an accompany­ year 19~5. amounting to $211,215 (with ac­ ing paper); to the Committee on Appro­ companying papers); to the Committee on The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the priations and ordered to be printed. Appropriations and .ordered to be printed. Senate the following message from the SUPPLEMENTAL ESTIMATES, DISTRICT OF FISHERY RESOURCES OF THE UNITED STATES President of the United States, which COLUMBIA (S. Doc. No. 13) ·A letter from the Secretary of the In­ was read and referred to the Committee A communication from the President of terior, transmitting, pursuant to law, a re­ o.n the District of Columbia: the United States, transmitting supplemen­ port (Fish and Wildlife Service) on a survey To the Congress of the United States: tal estimates of appropriations, fisc al of the fishery resources of the United States year 1945, for the District . of Columbia, and its possessions (with an accompanying In accordance with the provisions of report); to the Committee on Commerce. section 5 (a) and (b) of the District of amounting to $33,000 (with an accompany­ ing paper); to the Committee on Appropria­ PAYMENT OF IRRIGATION CHARGES AGAINST Columbia Alley Dwelling Act, approved tions and ordered to be printed. CERTAIN PUEBLO INDIAN LANDS June 12, 1934, I transmit herewith for the information of the Congress the report SUPPLEMENTAL ESTIMATE, . WAR DEPARTMENT, A letter from the' Acting Secretary of the FOR FLooD CONTROL (S. Doc. No. 10) Interior, transmUting a draft of propcs ~ d of the National Capital Housing Author­ legislation to authorize the Secretary of the ity for the 10-year period from October A communication from the President of the United States, transmitting a supple­ Interior to contract with the Middle Rio 9, 1934, to June 30, 1944, which includes mental estimate of appropriation for the Grande Conservancy District ·of New Mexico the annual report for the fiscal year War Department, for flood control, fiscal year for the payment of oper~tion and mainte­ ending June 30, 1944. 1945, amounting to $1,000,000 (with an ac­ nance charges on certain Pueblo Indian lands FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT. companying paper); to the Committee on (with an accompanying paper); to the Com­ mittee on Indian Affairs. THE WHITE HOUSE, March 1, 1945. Appropriations and ordered to be printed. [The report accompanied a · similar SUPPLEMENTAL EsTIMATE, WAR DEPARTMENT, PERSONS EMPLOYED BY COMMITTEES message to the · House df Representa .. FOR FLOOD CONTROL (S. DOC. No. 11) WHO ARE NOT FULL-TIME SENATE OR tives.J A communication from the President of COMMITTEE EMPLOYEES the United States, transmitting a supple­ EXECUTIVE COMMMUNICATIONS, ETC. mental estimate of appropriation for the The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the War Deparpment, for flood control, fiscal year Senate reports for the month of Feb­ Senate _ the following communications 1945, in the form of an amendment to the ruary 1945, from the acting chairman and letters, which were referred as in­ Budget, amounting to $5,000,000 (with an and chairmen of certain committees. in accompanying paper); to the Committee on response to Senate Resolution 319 (78th dicated: Appropriations and ordered to be printed. Cong.), .relative to persons employed by SUPPLEMENTAL ESTIMATE~ DEPARTMENT OF THE SUPPLEMENTAL ESTIMATES FOR THE SENATE committees who are not full-time em~ INTERIOR (S. Doc. No. 12) (S. Doc. No. 14) ployees of the Senate or any committee A commmunic~tion from the President A communication from the President of thereof, which were ordered to lie on of the United States, transmitting a sup­ the United -States, transmitting supplemen­ the table and to be printed in the RECORD, plemental estimate of appropriation for the tal estimates of appropriations for the Leg- as follows: APPROPRIATIONS MARCH 1, 1945. names of persons employed by the committee of Senate Resolution 319, agreed to August To the Senate: who are not full-time employees of the Sen­ 23, 1944: The above-mentioned committee hereby ate or of the committee for the month of submits the. following report showing the . Februar-y 1945, in compliance with the terms

Annual Name of individual Address Name and address of department ·or organization by whom paid rate of com­ pensation

John F. Feeney. ------1425 Rhode Island Ave. NW ______Gen eral Accounting Office, Washington, D. C. ···------$6, 400 B arolrl E . Merrick ______------______006 Aspen St. NvV ... ------___ __.. clo _____ .. ______------.. ----. ------___ ------4, 800 'fhomas J. Scott. __ .------1210 34th St. SE·------F ederal Bureau of Investigation, Department of Justice, Washing- 4, 800 ton, D . C. · · Mrs. Mamie L. Mizen.------1434 Saratoga A v e ------~---- District of Columbia Go vernment______3, 500

KENNETH MCKELLAR, Acting Chairman. COMMITTEE ON NAVAL AFFAIRS MARCH 1, 1945. names of-persons employed by the committee of Senate Resolution 319, agreed to August To the Senate: w ~.1o ara not full-time employees of the Sen­ 23, 1944: The above-mentioned committee hereby ate or cf the committee for the montp of submits the following report showing the February 1945, in compliance with the terms

Annual ~arne of individual Address Name and r. ddress of department cr organization by whom paid rate of com· pensation

Capt. James A. Saunders, U. S. Navy 4105 Oliver St., Chevy Chase, Md·------~ --- Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, Navy Depar ~ ment. Wash- $6,000 (retired). · ington, D. C. · Chief Yeoman Herbert S. Atkinson (AA), 2405 Pennington Road, Trenton, N. J ------Bureau of Naval Personnel, Navy Department, Washington, D. C •. 1, 512 U.S. Naval Reserve.

DAvm I. WALSH, Chairman. SPECIAL COMMITTEE INVESTIGATING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE PROGRAM MARCH 1, 1945. names of persons employed by the committee of Senate Resolution 319, agreed to August To the Senate: who are not full-time employees of the Sen­ 23, 1944: The above-mentioned committee hereby ate or of the committee for the month of aubmits the following report showing the February 1945, in compliance With the terms

Annua.. Name of individual Address N arne and address of department or organization by whom paid rate of com­ pensation loe L. Martinez (investigator) ______-______208 Massachusetts Ave. NE·--···------U. S. Maritime Commission, Commerce Bldg., 14th St., between $3,800 · E and Constitution Ave. NW. Franklin N . Parks (investigator)______No. 106, 4021 Benton St. NW ·------····---- Office of Price Administration, 2d and D Sts. SW------·------3,800 Brig. Gen. Frank E. Lowe· ------~------1316 New Hampshire Ave· --·--·------Finance Office, Pentagon Bldg ______6,000

JAs. M. MEAD, Chairman. 1598 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD-SENATE ~1:ARCH 1 .

- . SENA'l'E NAVY LJAISON OFFICE, . ROOM 461, SENATE OFFICE BUILDING

MARCH 1, 1945. names of persons employed by the committee of Senate Resolutio+:t ~19, agreed to August To the Senate: who are not full-time employees of the Sen.;. 23, 1944: ... . The above-mentioned committee hereby ate or of the committee for the month of submits the following report showing the February 1945, in compliance with the term~ _.. •. Annual Name of individual Address Name and ~ddr~ss .of department or organization by whom . paid rate of com· pensation

Lt. Frederick A. McLaughlin, U. S. 5305 41st St. NW. Washington, D. C __ ·______Bureau of Naval Personnel, ~avy D_epartment, Washingto~, D. C .. ~ 2. 400 Naval Reserve. ... Lt. Joseph G. Feeney, U. s. Naval Re- 2741: :t:llth St. NW, Washington, D. C ______do·------~ ------.------~ ------2,400 serve. · • Yeoman (2d cl) Eleanor W. St. Clair, 2134 R St. NW, Wa~hington, D . C ______do·------~------~------1,152 U.S. Naval Reserve. . . . Yeoman (2d cl) Loretto F. Jochman. _____ do __ ------___ ------__ --·.do. ___ ------...... -----...... --.------~----- ... -----... 1,152 U. S. Naval Reserve. ·

The above employees ai·e representatives of the Bureau of Naval Personnel, Navy Dep~rtment, to assist Senators on naval personnel matter. · DAVID I. WALSH. SUBCOMMITTEE ON WARTlME HEALTH AND EDUCATION MARCH 1, 1945. ·names of persons employed by the committee of Senate Resolut ion 319, agreed to August To the Senate: who are not full-time employees of the Sen­ 23, 1944: ·The above-mentioned com.p1ittee hereby ate or of the committee for the month of submits the following report showing the February 1945, in compliance with the terms

Annual Name of individual Address Name and address of cepartment or organization by whom · paid rate of com· pensation.

Lauretta April______2714 Quarry Road NW., Washington, D. 0_____ War Production Eoard, 3d St. and Independence Ave. SW ------~3 •.200 Groff Conklin ______-:_ ___ 514 2d St. NW., Washington, D. C ______..... do ...... ------·------. 5,600 Philip C. Curtis __ ; ______· 4303 Russell Ave., Mount Rainier, Md...... · Navy Department, 18th St. and-Constitution Ave. NW ------3,800 Ruth Fine______804 Houston Ave., Takoma Park, Md ______Federal Public. Housing Administration, 1001 Vermont Ave. NW.. . 2,000 Rose Gerber.______... 2513 14th St. NE., Washington, D. C ...... Navy Department,!Sth St. and Constitution Ave. NW .••• : ...... 2,000 1 6, _000 ~~~fddL~~rd:.-~======: :::::::::::::::::: = f{~W&~~~~eW~~gfuglf~!: ¥>~~ ~-~=== ::::::: ::: =: ~~ = ====: ::: ==·=== =: ::: === = :: :·: :.:::::::: ======:::::: 6,200 Carl Malmberg ______1813 F St. N vv ., '\' ashington, D. C ______Federal Eecurity Agency, 1825 H St. NW ------~------·------. 5,600 Love Morgan ______1607 18th St. SE., Washington, D. C ______Veterans' Administration, Vermont Ave. and I St. NW ______12,000 Ruth Morgenstern ______~------:!022 Rodman St. r-;;w., Washington, D. 0 ______..... do ______2, 600 Sari Schwartz ______1701 16th St. NW., Washington, D. C .. : ______Federal Public Housing Administration, 1001 Vermont Ave. NW ___ 2,000 L\h~~~~~t~~l~tare:.dical Corps, Army of :2804 Terrace Road SE., Washington, D. c ______'U.S. Army, Pentagon Bldg ____ ------2,000 Lt. Comdr. John B. Truslow, Medical 2007 Peabody Et., West Hrattsville, Md_, ______U.S. Navy, 18th St. and Constitution Ave. ·Nw ______---~-- Corps, U.S. Naval Reserve. 3,000 Dolores Raschella (resigned, Feb. 7, 1945) .

1 On extended leave .without pay. CLAUDE PEPPER; Chatrman. PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS . and the great industries located on the Great _ment already concluded with the Dominion Lakes and the agriculture of the Northwest of Canada, and provide the necessary funds Petitions, etc., were laid before the States will-benefit as a result of the opening· Senate ·by the Vice President and re­ for the speedy completion of this great proj­ of the St. Lawrence as a shorter route· for ect a~ a vital, economic,.and defense necessity. ferred as indicated; - · ocean commerce to deliver to foreign -nations "That the secretary of state be instructed A concurrent resolution' of the Legisla­ the products of our industries and agricul­ to send copies of this resolution. to the Presi­ ture of Minnesota; to the Committee on ture, and more than ever before the develop­ dent, the Vice President, the Speaker of the Commerce: ment of the power to be generated by the St. · House of Representatives of the United "Copcurrent resolution memorializing the Lawrence is recognized as a vital economic States, and to each of the Senators and Rep­ Congress of the United States to take necessity; and resentatives in Congress of the State of Min­ prompt' action to ratify the agreement be­ "Whereas the agreement is now again being nesota. tween the Government of the United submitted to the Congress of the United • "EDWARD J. THYE, States and the Dominion of Canada for the States for approval, the Presidents of the "Governor of the State of . Minne~ota." devel-opment of the St. Lawrence water·:. United States for the past 25 years have com­ mitted themselves to the deve!Jpment of the A concurrent resolution of the Legisla­ way ture of Minnesota; to the Committee on In- "Whereas representatives of the Govern­ St. Lawrence, and Presid_ent Frank.lin D. terstate Commerce: - Roosevelt has characterized the St. Lawrence ments of the United States and of the Do­ "A concurrent resolution memorializing the minion of Canada in 1941 consummated and project as of economic value comparable to the Panama Canal, and a vital necessity as Congress of the . United State• to repeal signed an agreement for the development of a defense measure; and Public Law No. 403 of the Seventy-seventh the St. Lawrence River, both for navigation Congress, being an act to promote the na­ and power purposes, so as to permit free "Whereas the State of Minnesota, through its legislature, for the last 25 years has tional security and defense ·by establish­ passage of oc~angoing ships from . the At­ ing daylight saving time lantic Ocean to the head of the Great Lakes affirmed its continued support of this project, and into the heart of the American continent, and through the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence "Whereas the Seventy-seventh Congress en.: and make available the development of this Tidewater Commission of Minnesota has·con-_ acted an act to promote the national security great potential· source of electric energy for tinuously promoted, the development of the and defense by establishing daylight.::saving necessary public use; and St. Lawrence River, believing that the project time, which was approved January 20, 1942, "Whereas the . agreement was under con­ is a vital necessity for the stimulation and Public Law No. 403 (8. 2160); and sideration by the Qongress of the United development of the resources of this State "Whereas the basic industry of this State States at the time of the Japanese attack at and of the entire Northwest, as well as a and the one in which the greatest number of Pearl Harbor, and shortly tJ;}.ereafter we were great economic advantage to the Nation, ami people of this State are engaged or employed at war with the Central Powers in Europe, as that the project has already been too long is agriculture; and a consequence of which ·action on· the- agree-· delayed: Now, therefore, be it "Whereas the observance of this law has ment was advisedly deferred; and · "Resolved by· the senate (the ho~e · of disrupted schedules of farms and cause(! "Whereas world developments since 1941 representatives concurring), That we com­ great inconvenience to agriculture, which have made it increasingly apparent that the mend and support ·the President of the United necessarily operates by the hours -of the sun securing of a permanent and just peace ·wm States in his steadfast, consistent, and ener­ rather than the clock; and · inevitably be attended with vastly increased getic support of this project, and· urge· the "Whereas the benefits of daylight saving commerce with foreign nations, and particu­ Congress of the United States, without fur­ time could be· more satisfactorily . obtained lar_ly with the European and Asiatic nations, ther delay, to; approve· ~n-cl r_atify·the agree- by the simple adjustment of working sched- 1945. CONGRESSIONAL. -RECORD-SENATE 1599 ules in a few industries: Now, therefore, be House of Representatives, and a copy thereof Agricultural and Mechanical College; to the it be sent to each Member of Congress from the Committee on Agriculture and ForestrY,. "Resolved by the Senate of the State of State of North Carolina. By Mr. MAGNUSON: ltfinnesota (the house of 1·epresentatives con­ SEc. 3. That this resolution shall be in full S. 661. A bill for the relief of Harold H. curr~ ng therein), That the Congress of the force and effect from and after its ratifica- Rhodes; and United St ates, at its present sitting, be and tion. · S. 662. A bill for the relief of the Puget the same is urgently petitioned and requested In the general assembly, read three times Sound Bridge & Dredging Co.; to the Com­ to enact such legislation as will accomplish and ratified, this the 23d day of February mittee on Claims. the repeal of the act of Congress aforesaid; 1945. By Mr. KILGORE: be It further PROHIBITION OF LIQUOR SALES AROUND S. 663. A bill for the relief of the heirs of " R esolved, That a duly authenticated copy MILITARY CAMP8-PETITION Henry I. Brown; to the Committee on Claims. of this resolution be transmitted to the Pres­ _. By Mr. ROBERTSON: ident of the United States, to the Presiding Mr. TUNNELL. Mr. Presfdent, I ask S. 664. A bill to amend the act entitled "An Officers of the Senate and House of Repre­ unanimous consent to present a petition act for the preservation of American antiqui­ sentatives of the Congress of the United signed by about 269 citizens of Delaware ties,'' approved June 8, 1906; to the Com­ Stat es and to each of the Senators a;nd Rep­ asking for the enactment of legislation mittee on Public Lands and ,Surveys. r esent atives from the State of Minnesota in to provide for the· common defense in By Mr. DOWNEY: the Congress of the United States. relation to the sale of alcoholic liquors S. 665. A bill to reimburse uncompensated "EDWARD J. THYE, leave to Government Printing Office em­ "Governor of the State of Minnesota." to the members of the land and naval forces of the United States. I request ployees earned during the fiscal year 1932; to A joint memorial of the Legislature of the that it may be appropriately referred. the Committee on Civil Service. State of Oregon, memorializing Congress to By Mr. ELLENDER: enact the bill (S. 313.) to reopen the revested The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob­ S. 666. A bill for the relief of certain civil­ Oregon & California Railroad and reconveyed jection, the petition presented by tae ian employees, or former civilian employees, Coos Bay Wagon Road grant lands to explo­ Senator from Delaware will be received of the War Department on account of loss, ration, location, entry, and disposition under and referred to the Committee on Mili­ damage, or destruction of personal property the general mining laws; to the Committee tary Affairs. of sUch employees or former employees as a on Public Lands and Surveys. result of a fire on July 28, 1941, at Borinquen (See joint memorial printed in full when REPORTS OF A COMMI'ITEE Field, Puerto Rico; to the Committee on presented by Mr. CoRDON on February 27, The following reports of a committee Claims. 1945, p. 1472, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD.) were submitted:.· By Mr. ELLENDER ('by request) : RELIEF OF COUNTIES WHOSE TAXABLE S. 667. A bill for .the relief of Harland / By Mr. ELLENDER, from the Committee Bartholomew and associates; to the Com­ PROPERTY WAS TAKEN OVER FOR NA­ on Claims: mittee on Claims. TIONAL P,URPOSES-RESOLUTiON OF S. 467. A bill for the relief of Maj. M<:i l­ By Mr. GREEN: NORTH CAROLINA LEGISLATURE colm K. Beyer; without amendment (Rept. S . 668. A bill granting a pension to Emma No. 65); and Mr. HOEY. Mr. President, I ask S. Boutwell; to the Committee on Pensions. H . R. 1360. A bill for the relief of F. L. ' By Mr. McCLELLAN: unanimous consent to present a resolu­ Gause and the legal guardian of Rosalind and Helen Gause, minors; with an amend­ S. 669. A bill to name a dam on the Little tion which was adopted by the General Missouri River in Pike County, Ark., and the Assembly of North Carolina, and ask that ment (Rept. No. 66). By T1\.YLOR, from the Committee on reservoir created by the same; to the Com­ it be printed in the RECORD, under the Mr: mittee on Commerce. rule, and appropriately referred. Claims : There being no objection, the resolu­ S. 514. A bill for the relief of the Baldwin DEMOCRACY AT THE CROSSROAD8-AD­ Bros. Paving Co.; wit hout amendment (Rept . DRESS BY THE VICE PRESIDENT tion of the North Carolina Legislature No. . 67); and was received and referred to the Com­ H. R. 242. A bill for the relief of Ruben M. (Mr. BRIGGS asked and obtained leave to mittee on Public Lands and Surveys, as Herren; wit hout amendment (Rept. No. 68). have printed in the RECGJRD an address on By Mr. McMAHON, from the Committee the subject Democracy at the Crossroads, foll~ws: delivered by the Vice President, at Jefferson Senate Joint Resolution 95 on Claims: H. R. 256. A bill for the relief of Dr. Lu­ City, Mo., February 22, 1945, which appears Joint resolution memorializing the Congress ther J. Head; without amendment (Rept. in the Appendix.] to ~nact legislation for the relief of coun­ .No. 69.); and ties whose taxable property has been taken THE CRIMEA CONFERENCE-ADDRESS BY H. R . 9 ~ 6 . A bill for the relief of the estates over for national forests and parks of Robert C. Meals and Mrs. Bessie Mae SEN:A TOR WHEELER Whereas the National Government has ac- Morgret, Mrs. Margaret J. Meals, Donald (Mr. WHEELER asked and obtained leave quired and now holds a large amount of lands Meals (a minor), and Betty Wrightstone (a to have printed in the RECORD a radio ad­ in this State acquired for national forests minor); without amendment (Rept. No. 70). dress entitled "The Crimea Conference," de­ and national parlts; and !By Mr. MORSE, from the Committee on livered by him on February 27, 1945, which Whereas in some counties the amount of Claims: appears in the Appendix.] land so taken represents a large proportion S. 407. A bill for the relief of Pierce Wil­ of the taxable property of the counties and, liam Van Doren and Elmer J. Coates; with THE EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT-AD­ while held by the National Government, is amendments (Rept. No. 71); and DRESS BY MRS. EMMA GUFFEY MILLER not subject to taxation by the various coun­ S. 426. A bill for the relief of Mr. and (Mr. PEPPER asked and obtained leave ties of the State in which such lands lie; and Mrs. Walter M. Johnson; with an amend­ to have printed in the RECORD an address on Whereas by reason of the taking of such ment (Rept. No. 72). the equal rights amendment delivered 'by lands many of said counties are unable to By Mr. JOHNSTON of South Carolina, from Mrs. Emma Guffey Miller on Febru'lry 10, meet the payments on outstanding obliga­ the Committee on Claims: 1945, at Boston, Mass., before the National tions and pay the other operating expenses S. 515. A bill for the relief of Wallace Rob­ Association of University Women, which ap­ o::: the counties for maintaining the necessary ertson, Henry Bowlcer, and Edward Parisian, services for the people therein; and and for other purposes; without amendment pears in the Appendix.] Whereas the taking of such property and (Rept. No. 73); THE PRIMACY OF THE SPffiiTUAL-AD~ the loss of such taxes has created a crisis in S. 544. A bill for the relief of Dave Hou­ DRESS BY GEORGE E. STRINGFELLOW the county government of many counties of gardy; without amendment (Rept. No. 74); the State: Now, therefore, be it and (Mr. MEAD asked and obtained leave to R esolved by the senate (the house of rep­ H. R. 1793. A bill to confer jurisdiction have printed in the RECORD an address en­ resentatives Qoncurring) : upon the United States District Court for titled "The Primacy of the Spiritual," de­ SECTION 1. 'Ihat the Congress of the United the Eastern District of South Carolina to ·livered by George E. Stringfellow on the oc­ States be memorialized to adopt some legis­ hear, determine, and render judgment upon casion of his retiring as president of the lation which will provide for annual pay­ the claim of the board of trustees of the Kiwanis Club of New York City, on January ments to the various counties of the State, Saunders Memorial Ho::-.;?ital; without amend­ 3, 1945, which appears in the Appendix.] compensating· such counties for the loss in ment (Rept. No. 75). taxes from the lands taken over by the Na- THE BRETTON WOODS ' AGREEMENT- • tional Government for national forests and BILLS INTRODUCED EDITORIAL FROM ST. LOUIS GLOBE­ national parks therein, to the end that said Bills were introduced, read the first DEMOCRAT counties may continue to function and meet time, and, by unanimous consent, the the necessary obligations of county govern­ [Mr. WAGNER asked and obtained leave ment. second time,·and referred as follows: to have printed in the RECORD an editorial SEc. 2. That a copy of this resolution shall By Mr. OVERTON: entitled "The Bretton Woods Agreement," be sent by the secretary of state to the Presi­ S. 660. A bill to transfer certain lands situ­ published in the St. Louis Globe-Demo­ dent of the United States, the President of ated in Rapides Parish, La., to board of su­ crat of February 16, 1945, which appears in the United States Senate, the Speaker of the pervisors of Louisiana State University and the Appendix.] 1600 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. MARCH 1 UTILIZATION OF MANPOWER RESOURCES (For nominations this day received whole did not have the assets, or. the po­ AND STRIKES-EDITORIAL COMMENT and nomination withdrawn, see the end tential assets at prevailing prices, to pay [Mr. HOEY asked and obtained l~ave to of Senate proceedings.) off their debts. have printed in the RECORD two editorials EXECUTIVE REPORT OF A COMMITTEE He~y Wallace was the man who con­ from North Carolina newspapers dealing with ceived the basic remedies for this tragic the so-called work-or-fight bill and one The following favorable report of a situation. Henry Wallace was the man dealing with strikes, which appear in the nomination was submitted: who organized the machinery for apply­ Appendix.] By Mr. WALSH, from the Committee on · ing the programs for whicl. Congress GOVERNMENT REGULATION OF BUSI­ Naval Affe. irs: passed the necessary legislation. I NES8-EDITORIAL FROM THE WALL Chaplain Robert D. Workman, United would not, and he would not, deny for a STREET JOURNAL States Navy, to have the rank of rear admiral in the Navy, while serving as chief of chap­ moment the credit due the thousands of [Mr. HAWKES asked and obtained leave . lains under the Chief of Naval Personnel. men and women who were associated to have printed in the RECORD an editorial with him in that program-George Peek, entitled "The Co-lllpulsory St~te-the Men The VICE PRESIDENT. If there be Chester Davis, M. L. Wilson, Howard Tol­ of Business Who Build Booby Traps for no further reports of committees, the ley, Cully Cobb, R.' M. Evans, and many Themselves," published in the Wall Street clerk will state the nominations on the others of the staffs of the Department of Journal of February 13, 1945, which appears Executive Calendar. in the Appendix .] Agriculture, the extension services in DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE the States, .and the land-grant colleges. THE SIXTY -MILLION-JOB PROGRAM­ Not only these but literally millions of ARTICLE BY JACK REED The legislative clerk read the nomina­ tion of Henry A. Wallace to be Secre­ farmers participated in the planning and [Mr. BRIDGES asked and obtained leave ts;try of Commerce. application of these programs, for Henry to have printed in the RECORD an article en­ Wallace insisted from the outset that titled "Willis Calls Sixty-Million-Job Plan The VICE PRESIDENT. The question the farmers themselves should be finally 'Political Propaganda,' " published in the is, Will the Senate advise and consent responsible for determining whether, Indianapolis Star of February 18, 1945, which to this nomination? appears in the Appendix.] · and how, quotas should be applied, and Mr. HILL. Mr. President, since the for determining many of the basic JOINT MEETING OF THE TWO HOUSES­ nomination of Henry Wallace was_sent policies in the operation of the various ADDRESS BY THE PRESIDENT ON THE to the Senate for confirmation I have agricultural programs. YALTA CONFERENCE received many :nessages from my con­ Nor, Mr. President, would I deny to the stituents in Alabama regarding it. I Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, I un­ Congress 'its proper credit for adopting have received messages from organized and setting up the machinery for these derstand that the House of Representa­ - groups, both in favor and in opposition tives has requested that the Senate be programs. The Congress itself repeat­ to the nomination. In addition, I have . edly demonstrated its faith in Henry in the Hall of the House at a quarter past received many messages written spon­ .12 o'clock. So I ask unanimous consent Wallace by continual enactment of nec­ taneously by persons who rarely feel essary legislation and by making the that the Senate now proceed to the Hall called upon to express themselves di­ of the House of Representatives and necessary appropriations to carry out the rectly on pending issues. Through these legislation. Those members of both par­ that, upon the conclusion of the Presi­ latter there runs a significant reaction, dent's address, it return to its Chamber ties who supported these programs year a reaction which can best be describ~d as in and year out, and both major parties and resume the consideration of busi­ dismay and concern over the violent and ness. . which have now accepted the basic pro­ unreasoning opposition to Henry Wal­ grams in their platforms, also share in The VICE PRESIDENT. '\Vithout ob­ lace from some quarters. The particu­ jection, the request of the Senator from the credit. These programs proved real­ lar group of constituents of which I istic and practical during the years when Kentucky is agreed to, and the Senate speak find it difficult to understand why will proceed to the Hall of the House of we were faced with the problem of rot­ Henry Wallace should have been the ob­ ting surpluses in our granaries, unwanted Representatives to meet with the House ject of suc.h attacks. From what they in joint session. , cotton in our warehouses, and unfed know of Henry Wallace-and by now cattle overrunning the pens of our stock­ Thereupon (at 12 o'clock and 10 min­ most Americans have a clear conception utes p. m.) the Senate, preceded by its yards. of the man and the guiding purposes of These programs proved sufficiently Secretary (Leslie L. Biffle), its Sergeant his life-and what they know of the at Arms (Wall Doxey), the Vice Presi­ flexible to be immediately adapted to the problems and opportunities that con­ necessities of war; I am confident that dent, and the President pro tempore, {ront us, they cannot comprehend why proceeded to the Hall of the House of in the readjustments from war back to he should now be opposed so vehemently pea.ce the basic principles of the pro­ Representatives for the purpose of hear­ and at times maliciously. ing the address by the President of the grams will be found essential again. Granted the significance of the issue, From a state of bankruptcy, American United States on the recent Yalta Con­ sufficient evidence is at hand on which ference. agriculture has progressed to the present · the S3nate can arrive at a decision. astounding success in the production of (For the President's address delivered 'Volumes have been spoken and written this day to the joint session of the two the food and fiber products essential in on the issue. Much has been said that the conduct of the present glol 1 war. Houses, see p. 1618 of the House pro­ needed to be said at this time in America. ceedings of March 1, 1945.) We have the best fed and best clothed Some things have been said which should Army in all history. Food has been LEGISLATIVE SESSION not have been said and which are lack­ available for the civilian ·population in ing in both reason and fact. The Senate returned to ~ts Chamber at quantities that no nation involved in war, 1 o'clock and 35 minutes p. m., and th,e For example, in the heat of debate, the either at present or at any time in the Vice President resumed the chair. charge was made that "Mr. Wallace past, has ever experienced. More than made a failure as Secretary of Agricul­ that, we have had sufficient quantities to EXECUTIVE SESSION ture." I hesitate to take the time of permit allotments to our allies in order Mr. BARKLEY. I move that the Sen­ the· Senate to remind it how utterly ri­ that they might be able to operate more ate proceed to the consideration of exec- diculous such a statement is. I do not effectively in destroying the common utive business. '" . believe it influenced many people, unless enemy. The motion was agreed to; and the there be some whose memories are so Will any man deny that Henry Wallace Senate proceeded to .the consideration of short and whose sources of information was more responsible than any other executive business. · so meager that they do not know the single individual for establishing Ameri­ truth. can agriculture on the sound basis which • EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED The truth is that when Henry Wallace has made this tremendous achievement The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the became Secretary of Agriculture the . possible? "Inexperienced" is indeed a Senate messages from the President of farmers of this Nation were bankrupt. I ·silly description of the man who directed the United States submitting sundry use that term in its literal meaning.. the most intricate and comprehensive nominations (and ·withdrawing a nomi­ Not only were millions of individual economic structure ever devised in a nation) which were referred to the ap .. farmers in personal legal bankruptcy, democratic nation-a structure that in­ propriate committees. but the farmers of this Nation as a cluded such varied programs as produc- 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 1601 tion quotas for 6,000,000 farms, loans of our own farm and factory products lieve that untrained farmers, armed with all kintls to farmers totaling $9,000,- abroad. hunting rifles, could defeat a well­ 000,000, rehabilitation loans for. dis.­ Alabama and the Nation need men like trained professional army. The men possessed tenants on which loans there Henry Wallace in positions of authority. who conceived our Constitution and its was a greater return than on loans to Without such men the hope for a dy­ system of a government of laws as an many of our great industrial concerns; namic expansion of industry in the South answer to tyranny were denounced as soil conservation; R. E. A., the food 1s lost. Withput such men the develop­ wishful thinkers and impractical ideal­ stamp plan, the school~lunch program, ment of hundreds of plants to process ists. Thomas Jefferson's Bill of Rights 1 agricultural research, and so on through' our raw materials, provide jobs for our was hooted at as an idealistic mirage by a long list which does not need recital people, and a market for our goods can­ those who said it was not only imprac­ here. not be achieved. It is said by some that tical but foolish to believe that the incH­ What happened to the individual farm the South has a surplus of men, women, vidual citizen could be assured his per­ family during this period? The average and children. The truth is that the sonal, political, intellectual, economic, net income of the farm family trebled. South has a shortage of opportunity. and spiritual liberties. The fertility of the farmer's soil has been Until that shortage is remedied millions This Nation is. still not so old that it restored to a measure believed impossible of people will continue to leave the South is ready to turn its back on men of vision. in so short a time. The American farmer to find opportunity in other sections of Without vision we shall certainly suffer still does not partiCipate in the national the country, and carry with them an the paralysis of decay. Henry Wallace income to the extent that economie enormous investment in the expendi­ believes fervently in the continuing dy­ justice requires. But, Mr. President, tures that have been made for their food, namic expansion of America's capacity today there- is hope that the Ameri­ clothing, shelter, and education. . to produce. He beli~ves in a continuing can farmer will be restored to full par­ The South has a continuing stake in opportunity for productive enterprise, ticipation in every phase of our national freeing private enterprise from the and a rising flow of the goods and serv­ life. shackles of monopoly restraints, the de­ ices to which our people are entitled. Henry Wallace came to Washington velopment of a transportation system Without such expansion there will not with the conviction that wealth in its that will permit the free flow of goods be jobs for the men who are today fight­ natural course :flows upward, not down­ from region to region, the development ing and sacrificing for the opportunity ward. He knew that a hot fire at the of international markets, and a healthy of peace and security. If apple selling is bottom would heat the :flue all the way flow of goods between nations. This not to become the vocation of the vet­ to the top. He knew that the industrial Nation as a whole has an identical stake erans of this war, we must have a bold, tycoons do not do business at the corner if our economy and way of life are to be courageous faith in America's future. drugstore, with the baker, or at the shoe­ preserved. I know of no man, either If we are not to suffer another terrible repair shop. So Henry started at the from within or without the South, who depression, we must have vision, fore­ bottom-with the smallest businessman has a more intimate knowledge of the sight, and determination in shaping the in America, the farmer-the bankrupt basic economic problems which affect its Nation's future. farmer and the American with little farms and factories than has Henry Henry Wallace is one of this Nation's economic stake in America. He made a Wallace. I know of no man who has had great protectors of American enterprise. specialty of littJe business. He made a more genuine concern for the con­ Without such men we cannot protect and those little businesses pay. He started tinual development of the South's op­ preserve the structure of this Nation's their dollars on their natural course. portunities. economy. It will be radical. and dan­ Those dollars bought new paint for There are cynics who scoff at Henry gerous to risk the economic chaos which weat}lered farm buildings, new farm ma­ Wallace as an idealist. It is a start­ will surely follow if we pursue the timid, chinery, new clothes and washing ma­ ling and a depressing thought that a man halting, and confused course of inaction chines, and paid furnishing accounts should be ridiculed because he believes and delay. Henry \Vallace was one of and doctor bills long overdue. Those in applying the principles of Christianity the men who provided the foresight and dollars flowed through every segment in everyday life. initiative to shape new measures to re­ If this Nation needs, and if the world store American agriculture a decade ago and stratum of American business. when it writhed in the agony of bank­ They fired the furnaces at Pittsburgh. in which we are living requires, more selfishness and more greed, more selfish­ ruptcy and decay. At the time the pro­ I am interested in Henry Wallace be­ ness in daily living, more selfishness grams with which he has been identified cause of my concern for the-welfar·e and among groups within the Nation, and were conceived, they were damned as prosperity of all the people of the Nation more selfishness between nations, then impractical and unworkable. Today and, particularly, of the people of Ala­ Henry Wallace is not qualified for a posi­ those basic programs have won the ac­ bama, the men and women who work on tion of responsibility in the Government. ceptance of both political parties, and as its farms, in its cotton and steel mills, If this Nation is through with its ef­ we look back we see that they were -in its mines and factories-and the welfare forts to apply the basic principles of fact, sound conservation measures. - of those who own or hope to own some of democracy, if it is ready to term Chris­ Bernard Baruch recently toolc note of those enterprises. It was in the twenties tianity "impractical," then Henry Wal­ the misquotation and distortion of a re­ that I first met Henry Wallace, arid, I lace is certainly not needed at this time. mark which is quoted with glee by those. must confess, it was this man of the West But if we list~n to the American peo­ who scoff at Henry Wallace. Mr. Baruch, who first impressed upon me in full force ple, I think we will hear a clear mandate who is certainly no upstart as a student the true nature of the slow strangulation to the effect that this Nation is not afraid of the American economy, had this to of enterprise in both the West and South of idealism in its every-day life, and that s-ay recently before the New York Herald through the iniquitous system of freight­ it is not ready to relapse into an era of Tribune forum: rate differentials. Henry Wallace was a cynicism and selfishness. The human The objective of a world community is not pioneer in· this fight. · misery and wreckage around this globe so academic as it seems. In fact, supplying everyone who needs it, and who is willing to It was on the occasion of my first are products- not of impractical ideals~ but of the very opposite. We know that work, even including the Hottentots, with a meeting with him that I had the heart­ quart of milk a day might prove an economic ening experience of talking to a man greed, selfishness, suspicion, and distrust as well as a social &.dvantage. It might even are not the keys to world order, security, from ~he West who understood the eco­ be-profitable. - I say this as an aside to those nomic suicide inherent in the Smoot­ and prosperity that our self-styled pretendedly hard men of business who seem- · practical men would have us believe. ingly scorn any touch of idealism, part of Hawley Tariff Act. For Henry Wallace Can any Senator take pride-in the fact which may be only enlightened self-interest. saw clearly then, as every reputable stu­ that "visionary" has become a term of Besides, idealism is the very core of our Amer­ dent of econ.omics either saw at the time contempt in powerful circles within our ican· spirit. Read the Declaration of Inde­ or has since come to acknowledge, that Nation? Every man who has made a pendence. by erecting an insurmountable tariff wall contribution to American history since Bernard Baruch concluded by em­ around this Napion we were stifling the the Nation's founding has been nagged phasizing' a point which Henry Wallace channels of international trade;· deny­ and belittled l:>y the naggers 'and prat­ has always emphasized: · ing other nations an opportunity to pay tlers of their times. This Nation was Well fed, clothed, housed, and educated, their debts to us, and committing the carved out by' Geoz:ge Washington 'de-­ man is less inclined toward spoliation an<:t ultimate folly of killing the market for spite those· who · said -it was fblly .to be- bloodshed than is his ill-used brother. 1602 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE . MARCH 1 Even a business writer so little inclined ment stations about the international Our past record is not so perfect that to view Wallace with f.avor as Ralph progress of the science of agriculture we can afford to close our minds to new Robey, writing in the department Busi­ in their own tongue. When he arrived ideas. . ness Tides, in Newsweek, challenged the 1n China, diligent study of the C~ese True conservatism. consists of main­ unimaginative and hide-bound business language made it possible for him to taining_the best in our institutions with­ element in these words: greet our Chinese allies in their· own out obstructing progress. We must not Wallace h as a program. You say it is silly. language and to talk with them directly confuse conservatism with obstruction­ But can you prov~ it; prove it in a way which about the future of these peoples whose ism, for the latter may lead to rifts in the next 10 people with whom you talk will lives have become a symbol of mixed our social structure, with undesirable understand, and will believe? And then can tragedy and hope. consequences. you go ahead and spell out an alternative This We are considering today whether we means which offers more prom!se of making matter of addressing peoples in sure that there will be a job in the post-war their own tongues may not be of major will approve for Secretary of Commerce period for everyone who wants to work? significance in itself, but it is one reason a man who holds that the best we have for the widespread respect for Henry done in the past is inadequate for the Mr. Robey is right. This Nation can­ Wallace and for America among peoples future, and who is bold enough to ad­ not go forward on the motive power of outside our country. It is one evidence vance new ideas. those who scream and call names; it of his appreciation and respect for other He holds that it is possible to expand cannot prosper on a diet of negativism cultures, and the contributions .which our national economy so as to provide and defeat; it was not built by those others can -and are making to the peace full employment for 60 ,000,000 people. whose only cue was to tear down. - and security of the world of the future. He has met with ridicule because of The name of Henry Wallace is not a A rebuke to Henry Wallace by the Senate his confidence in the future of the United new one on the American scene. There would dismay and dishearten many out­ States. was the grandfather of the present Wal­ side this Nation. He ·has been derided and verbally lace-Uncle Henry Wallace, as he was Here at home there are few men in stoned because he expresses faith in known to thousands across the Nation. public life today who have as great a the common man and champions the There was the father, Henry Cantwell personal following- among men and cause of the weak and unfortunate. Wallace, himself a former Secretary of women of all groups and all sections of He has unloosed a torrent of abuse Agriculture. The present Henry Wal­ the country as Henry Wallace. His upon his head for advocating equality· lace is the third of a succession of men presence in the Cabinet will broaden and of opportunity for all. from the.west who have raised a clarion strengthen the base of support for Gov­ He has been misrepresented. His voice against economic injustice and ernment in these critical years. Like­ words have been twisted and his record greed. There ·has been a consistency in wise, a denial of this opportunity for him ~istorted from one end of this country grandfather, son, and grandson seldom to reenter the.Cabinet would weaken and to the other, until one is forced to won­ found in three successive generations of undermine faith in Congress and the Na­ der if fairness and justice are taking a men. This consistency has been char­ tional Government. holiday. acterized by straight speaking, the high­ Mr. President, I have been in politics It is not my intention to speak in est personal integrity, and a rugged, im­ for a long time, and in stormy places; defense of Henry Wallace. He needs no movabL concern for the public welfare. but I have never seen or experienced be­ defense from me. His record for hon­ Grandfather and father could certainly fore such a thunderstorm of excitement, esty and courage and loyalty and as an take pride in the fact that throughout wild charges, defamation, and extrava­ administrator will compare well with this bitter fight no man has yet, by either gant libel as this question of an ordi­ that of any of his contemporaries, in­ hint or implication, questioned the pres­ narily routine confirmation to a Cabinet cluding his enemies and critics. ent Henry Wallace's integrity. Each post has brought down upon Henry I shall, therefore, devote my attention fight in which he has been involved has Wallace's head, and your head, and to the situation which will confront us increased his stature and the number of m1ne. I have argued here before, and as we near the end of this world war, people who respect his bjgness of spirit. I repeat now, that we, as Senators, when the position of Secretary of Com­ It has been suggested by those who should put such malignance and hys­ merce will be important. either are not aware of the facts or do teria aside, turn our minds to other We need men with both courage and not care to inform themselves that pressing considerations, and confirm this foresight to face that which lies before Henry Wallace has been a failure at con­ appointment immediately. us. This is no time for fainthearted ducting his own business. Yet when the leadership. record is consulted he is acknowledged Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, at the end of the present war, most of the nations In his message to Congress last year, as a success in varied fields-as an agri­ President Roosevelt enunciated an eight­ cultural economist and statistician, as will find themselves debt ridden and prostrate. They will look to the United point economic bill of rights. Specifi­ an agronomist, as a writer, as . a public cally these points are: administrator. He was even a success States to lead them out of economic chaos. The right to useful and remunerative as a Vice President, something of a nov­ jobs. elty in American history. His research The foundation of world security will be the domestic prosperity of the United· The right to a decent living, with ade­ in the science of plant breeding led to quate food and clotning and recreation. his establishment of the first commercial States. It will be a part of our respon­ production of hybrid corn seed, an enter­ sibility to the world to maintain that The right of the farmer to raise and prise which resulted in a tremendous in­ prosperity. sell his products at prices which will give crease in corn production for hundreds · To properly exercise leadership, it will his family a decent living. of ..,thousands of farmers and ·a highly be necessary for us to build our own na­ The right of every businessman, large successful personal business for him. tional economy on a foundation so firm and small, to be free from unfair com· What happens on the American politi­ that we will not fail in the great task petition and domination by monopolies. cal scene draws the interest of peoples in which lies before us. The right of every family to a decent many lands. The course of government We should assume this leadership in home. here carries the hopes of millions who all humility, however, remembering that The right to adequate medical care have come to look upon this Nation's until we entered the war we, ourselves, and good health. · acceptance of international responsibility had not achieved a stable and balanced The right to protection from fear of as a determining factor in the security economy, and. that only war provided old age, sickness, accident, and unem­ and welfare of peoples everywhere. full employment for our own people. ployment. Henry Wallace has become a symbol to Our preo:.war economy failed to pre­ The right to a good education. those in .other nations who look to Amer­ vent the present war. A return to the Can anyone deny that those rights ica with a new respect and a new faith. same level will not prevent future wars. should be our objective? When he traveled among the nations to We cannot insure the future welfare of As one who has never cast his vote the south, it will be- recalled, he ad­ our own Nation, let alone the world, by for President Roosevelt, let me say that dressed our neighbors 'in Spanish. Again a return even to the most prosperous I subscribe to these aims. They embody when he crossed Siberia he talked to conditions which prevailed previous to the spirit of practical Christianity. Only Russians at their agricultural experi- this war. the politically blind will oppose them, 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 1603 because of their dislike for the admin· which will give an increased outlet for Unemployment ·is cumulative·. If we istration. personal initiative and a greater oppor­ control it at the start, our task is easier. It matters little to me what the source tunity for personal independence. I hope that we may profit from the may be of any plan if it will promote the Middle-class Americans constitute the errors of the public-works program of welfare and security of our people and foundation on which democracy and the last decade. extend the spirit of Christianity through­ good government must rest: Their lives Let us avoid at all cost the symbols of out the world. must not be dominated either by Gov­ humiliation which marked every project No one has the right to deride the goal ernment or economic monopolies. of the W. P. A. of 60,000,000 jobs, if 60,000,000 jobs will If America is seriously in danger of be­ Let us avoid the wastefulness of pro­ attain the objectives specified in the coming a Communist or Fascist nation, it grams which induced local governments President's economic bill of rights. wHl be because we have become overbal­ to incur burdens of debt beyond their I do not know whether 60,000,000 is anced on the side of Government or cor­ ability to carry .. the right number, but I do know that, re­ poration employment. If carried too far, Let our public-works projects be of gardless of party, regardless of position, either one could lead to a change in gov­ that type which will not only encourage and regardless of all else, it should be the ernment. but necessitate an expansion in private aim of each and every one of us to work Let us, therefore, strive to develop our industry. for full employment ·and equal oppor- post-war economy in such a way that, so I rather ·like Mr. Wallace's suggestion tunity for all. · far as possible, every man may be his that public-works'programs, except those We have no right to be .defeatists. We own master, own his own 'home, and that are universally recognized as re­ have no right to say that it cannot be develop his own opportunity. quiring direct public employment-such done. It can be done, for it must be With the coming of the armistice, we as highway construction-be carried out done. face the first stage of the remaking of by contract with private industry. This We shall face a test as great as any our national industry and commerce method at least would remove the stigma nation ever faced in time of peace, but from the business of ·war to the business of public relief which branded millions we will meet it victoriously. of peace. of deserving workers under the W. P. A. To meet this test we must resolve first The way in which we handle this tran­ This may not be the bE.st .method, but of all that we will not permit a policy of sition will have a determining effect I am willing to try it. Whether it works scarcity to prevail. Only a policy of upon our future well-being. or not will depend largely upon the pri­ plenty, with full production and full em­ ·Besides 10,000,000 veterans who will ployment, will carry us through the diffi­ want to return to peacetime pursuits, vate contractors themselves. cult period of the post-war years. · there are 20,000,000 men and women now Some people object to public works of There are those who fear the coming of engaged in war industries, most of whom almost any kind. If they had their way, peace. There are those who fear that will want to return to private employ­ we would still be driving our ox teams our form of government is in danger. ment. over the toll roads. Of course our Government is in dan­ Several million men and women whose Almost every great industry in America ger. It has been in danger; ever since homes have been dislocated because of is today dependent upon our magnificent the day it was born. Anything worth . the war will return to their own commu­ system of highways, and yet many of us having is always in danger, but we have nities or seek new fields of employment here recall instances when there was successfully defended it many times in elsewhere. definite opposition to the elimination of the past. We can successfully defend it Many persons employed in war indus­ certain privaJ;ely owned roads and now. tries have made money, have saved bridges. The only chance I see for an overthrow money, have bought Government bonds, The mass production of the automobile of our Government will be a degree of and will be amply able to provide for was made possible by the fact that we unemployment which becomes uncon­ themselves through the conversion had public highways on which to drive trollable. period. millions of cars. It is unemployment and want that Others have been negligent and waste­ There are men who fought every at­ breed war among the nations and revo­ ful of their earnings and may conceiv­ tempt to develop public power in our lutions in government. ably become public problems. country, yet we \vould not be winning I do not believe the form of govern­ Millions of others, however, through this war today if their opposition had ment under which we have· lived 160 no fault of their own, will be little, if any, not been overcome and Grand Coulee, years will be radically changed. . better off financially than they were Bnnneville, Boulder Dam, the '.t'ennessee We shall not become Fascists or Com­ when the war began. Valley Authority, and other public power · munists OV.:!rnight. True, we have in If we do not, through the cooperation . develops had not been constructed over America believers in these totalitarian of Government and business, make ade­ their objections. forms of government, but 99 percent of quate provision for productive employ­ Materials of war have been produced ~n the people of our country are believers ment for these millions of people, then record-breaking quantities bY private in our own form of government. we may see the start of a decline in industry :..t.s a result of public power de­ The words "Communist" and ''Fascist'' business which will affect everyone velopment. are .cruel words when applied to loyal adversely. There is more work to be done in de­ American citizens who have nothing in · Let us, therefore, see to. it that fami­ veloping our natural resources-work common with those forms of govern­ lies are returned to their own homes and which will not only give a high degree ment. Decent men will not use these that unemployment compensation in of employment with its consequent in­ words against those with whom they dis­ 9,dequate amount and for a proper crease in business for manufacturers, agree. length of ~ime is provided for them. tradespeople, and transportation com­ Many a man has been called a Com­ Let us, also, promptly provide cover­ panies, but which will create enormous munist or a Fascist simply because his age for the several million people now permanent additions to our national enemies can find nothing else wrong unprotected against unemployment, in­ wealth and our national security. with him. cluding the civilian employees of the Are we going to let provincial thinking Nnw, what about the 60,000,000 jobs, Vo/ar and Navy Dzpartments. Congress and selfish desire block the development or -;vhatever number is necessary to pro­ , blundered in this last fall. It is not too of such natural resources as the Missouri, vide employment for all who wish to late to correct our error now. the St. Lawrence, and the Arkansas Riv­ work? An extensive public works program ers and to jeopardize the future welfare Unfortunately, some persons appear to should be in readiness to absorb a large of our people and the safety of our take the attitude that jobs are available number of those who would otherwise Nation? from only two sources-either the Fed­ be unemployed, whenever the need ap­ I hesitate to think what would happen eral Government or a few great corpo­ pears. in this country if the apostles of .de­ rations. If by employing a million men on pub­ featism and greed could have their way. It is true that the Federal Government lic projects at the right time we can They cry out against Government em­ and big business are large employers of prevent 10,000,000 more from becoming ployment of every form, yet· the course labor .... but after this war we must make idle later, it is only the part of sanity they advocate would lead straight to every effort to provide opportunities and wisdom to do so. Government employment in a degree .. 1604 CONGRESSIONAL . RECORD.--:-SENATE MARCH 1

. which .would make their wildest fears .ily farm in America, but this type of I regard it ::ts my right and duty to seem insignificant. · farming cannot compete with the cor­ criticize the Government when I think Do. they remernl:ier tne bonus army poration farm, and particularlY. with it is in error and to fight .- at all times to that came to. Washington some 13 years . foreign production, except through or• put it on a sounder and more business­ ago? . ganization. like basis, but I will hot heckle and ob­ There were about 3,000 men in that Eighth. Provide a better he~lth pro­ struct it at every turn in otder to bring bonus army-unemployed veterans. gram for all the people of this country upon it a record of failure. They created something of a panic at with adequate hospital facilities, health I will make every . effort to assist in that time. inspection in schools, and adequate pro­ doing those things which must be done Th.e Government finally sent them up vision for medical services for all. to promote national and international to Vermont to build dams. The conduct Ninth. Develop a national system of ·welfare and security. As a patriotic citi- of these men of the bonus army there air transportation to the fullest extent zen, I can do no less. . was as orderly as the conduct of men so that communities heretofore at a dis­ The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. MUR­ in other walks of life. They proved that advantage may take their rightful place DOCK in the chair) . The pending ques­ they would work when opportunity to in the economic world. The develop- tion is, Will the Senate advise and con­ work was afforded them. . ment of air transportation will make sent to the nomination of Henry A. Wal­ If 3,000 unemployed veterans alarmed possible the decentralization of popula­ lace to be Secretary of Commerce? ·the city of Washington a few years ago, tion and industry, which of itself will Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, recently I let those who riow support a course which nece.ssitate a vastly expanded ec.onomy . received a letter, from which I wish to will surely lead to greater unemployment with its subsequent increase in oppor­ read, for it might be said that it gives among servicemen imagine, if they can, tunities for employment and proper liv- me the text for the remarks which I am what will happen if after this war the ing conditions. · about to make: 3,000 ·men of the bonus army shall be Finally, let us determine that never To begin with, I feel that essentially the multiplied a thousand times. again shall people .go hungry in this Na­ Wallace episode is merely an incident in a Let 5,000,000 veterans become unem­ tion while food rots on the farm. rather fundamental trend which must en­ ployed and we will see a demand for Gov­ As an immediate start toward guaran­ gage our attention.- ernment operation of industrial plants. teeing adequate diets for all our people ! am referring, of course, to the renewed When that time comes, those who now we can expand the school lunch pro- interest of Congress in G9vernment corpo­ pursue a course which can only lead to . gram, encourage factory feeding of the rations. The operation of the R. F. C. from the "bread line and bayonet'' method of proper kind and .work out a food allot­ . the Department of Commerce is obviously dealing with unemployment wm·be very ment program which will serve the two­ not the sole intent of Congress. The House glad to vote for anything to satisfy the passed a measure which would tighten con­ fold purpose of eliminating farm sur- gressional control over the R. F. C. and the demands of these men. - . pluses and improving the health of those subsidiary _lending agencies. BYRD and BUT­ The question may properly arise as to who are presently undernourished. LER are reported as sponsoring a bill to regu­ · what we can do to guarantee an expan­ The health of our people is a national larize Government corporations by · requir­ sion of our domestic economy to an ex­ asset of greatest importance in peace ing them to submit their programs and fund tent which will provide approximately requests to the Bureau of the Budget. Their or war. bill also provides for an annual audit by the full employment. I have said little concerning the de­ There are a thousand ways by which General Accounting Office. velopm~nt of our· foreign trade. That · contributions may be me.de to this end The whole question·of Government entities subject is too great to be covered here. of tre~endous power has been brought into Without resorting to direct Government I will say that, to my mind, it offers pos­ the spotlight by the Wallace nomination. employment of labor. Here are just a . sibilities which· even the imagination. Charlie Dawes, Atlee Pomerene, and Jesse few .of them which pertain primarily to cannot comprehend today. Jones were keenly conscious of their respon­ rural development-and I speak of rural In concluding, Mr. President, let me sibilities. Under .wanace, of course, the development because that is a field of our say that I believe the partial program R. F. C . .could easily become a vehicle for economy with which I am most familiar, economic and social crackpots. and which comes first to my mind: which I have suggested can be safely en­ The R. F. C. is, however, only one of a great First. Insure farmers of an income trusted to Henry Wallace as Secretary of many Government corporations. Back here. which will put agriculture on an equi- Commerce, as far as the Secretary bf in the hinterlands we are, of course, appalled Commerce would have anything to do at the tremendous pyramid of Government . table basis with other.factors of our na­ about it. · corporations ranging in their activities from tional economy. The American farm is I further believe that the members of business loans to urban and rural mortgages. still the world's best market. If its pur­ the Cabinet are in fact personal ad­ They include the Defense Homes Corporation, chasing power is not maintained, full the Disaster Loans Corporation, the Electric employment without extensive Govern­ visers of the President and that he Home and Farm Authority, the Federal Crop ment assistance will be impossible. should be permitted to choose anyone he Insurance Corporation, the Federal National . Second. Extend to over 4,000,000 farms wishes for a Cabinet post so long as·that Mortgage Association, the Production Credit now without electric service the benefits person's record is clear and his charac­ Corporation, the Regional Credit Corporation, of rural electrification. ter unquestioned. the United States Commercial Company, and Third. Extend to 5,000,000 farm homes As I have said, I have never voted for the Tennessee Valley · Associated Coopera­ President Roosevelt. I was on the losing tives, Incorporated. the advantages which rural telephone You will recall that after the last World lines can provide. side in the last election; but, so far as I War CARTER GLASS, who was then Secretary Fourth. Establish a rural sanitation am concerned, the election campaign of the Treasury, urged that Government cor­ authority which will enable farm people was over on the night ·of November 7, porations be brought under the general to provide adequate water supply and 1944. budgeting system. · sewage disposal for their homes, thereby Our Nation is now engaged in the most You will recall also that it was only a. crucial war of all time. The fate of the decade ago that people were ·blindly compla­ contributing to the comforts of rural liv­ cent in their happy, innocent assumption ing and to the health of the Nation. entire world depends on the outcome of this war. that Federal lending ·corporations were an Flfth. Develop water transportation emergency measure: wherever practi'cable and in connection We will win it and when it has been It hasn't worked out that way; The proba­ with this development, every kilowatt­ won, we will be confronted with the bilities are that the huge pyramid 1B here to hour of electric energy which can be eco­ problems of peace-new problems that · stay. If it is here to stay, then, to borrow a. nomically produced, for we will need it in .. we have never had to meet before. phrase from the late Jim Reed, "the times the years that lie ahead. The · American people have decided are ripe and rotten ripe" for Congress to take that the present · administration shall appropriate steps to keep governmental cor­ Sixth. Continue farm credit coopera­ porations within control. tives and oppose the efforts of those who · handle those problems. . , even now are attempting to do away with i would not consider it good Citizen­ Mr. President, we are coming again to these organizations which guarantee. ship on my part, and certainly not states­ a fork in the ro~d. The Senate and the comparatively low-cost credit to farmers. manship, to attempt to _obstruct the Gov­ House of Representatives are soon to lead Seventh. Encourage the organization ernment in its effort to solve these prob­ America in one direction or the other- . of farm cooperatives. We need the fam- lems in the best possible manner. to post-war depression or prosperity. 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE , 1605 In this Chamber we are soon to con­ The horse-sense folks have deep-rooted Dealers. And the New Dealers told them firm or reject one of the proposed guides dispute with this New· Deal philosophy, something like this: . for our American journey. He is Henry not with Mr. Wallace as a personality. "Yes sirree, folks, that was only the V/allace. In passing upon him for the For they once bought and tried the New beginning. Now you've got to use our office of Secretary of Commerce, the Sen­ Deal bill of goods and found it wholly double-sized AU-Red Healer to put you ate will be exercising its free choice as wanting. They took a long swallow of out of your misery!" defined by section 2, article II of the its economic patent medicine in order to Mr. President, I am talking about a United States Constitution. . · cure their real and imaginary national man's philosophy. I am not talking I have heard so many arguments on ills, but they lived to r9gret it. facetiously. the subject of what the Constitution Speaking of patent medicine, as a Mr. President, many times in years means that I shall forego looking at any matter of fact, the cracker-barrel folks past I was a spectator at medicine-man language except the Constitution. in America think that the whole tribe of shows. I saw the medicine man mount When the Constitution delegates to me, New Dealers resembles the medicine men the platform and spout a lot of "banana as a Senator of the United States, the of old. And they have mighty good rea­ oil" about some fabulous cure-all. I saw responsibility of voting for or against the sons for comparing the mumbo jumbo good, honest folks come up to the medi­ confirmation of a nomination, it needs of the medicine men to the economic cine man, looking at him as if he were a no further definition. That power is lingo of the New Dealers. These folks savior, and plunk down their hard­ full and complete in m'e. The only ques­ hear the New Dealers glad-handing their earned American eagles for worthless tion is my responsibility and how I audience with their dripping praise of nostrums. I, too, regard much of the interpret it. the common man. Then, they ·hear talk we hear nowadays as the talk of But whatever action we take on Henry them "carrying on" about the aches and medicine men about their medicine. Wallace's nomination, we may be certain ills of our American economic body. They may self-righteously believe in t.he that it will not be a conclusive action. Soon, they watch the slick process of value of their cure-all. But I remember We, here, will be taking a turn in the fear suggestion taking effect, and the the lesson of the past: that their panacea road, but it will not be a decisive turn. American public beginning to tremble is both worthless and downright dan­ For the battle royal will only· then have wfth "shivers and shakes." Then, at gerous. So I am not going to be silent begun over the policies which Henry last, as was to be expected, they watch while they continue to hawk their wares. Wallace represents. the New D~al medicine men boost And I ·am not going to be placed in the I do not·rejoice over this forthcoming their cure-all: "And now, ladies and category of a conservative or a Tory battle. I fervently wish that Providence gentlemen, if you· will step right up, because I stand for American principles. could so enlighten the eyes of all of us, we will present for your astonished So, here and now, I propose to examine 'that one path-the true path to post-war and beaming countenances the rem­ the patent medicine put out by the New prosperity-would become universally edy that makes a sick nation well and Deal & Co., Henry Wallace, proprietor apparent -and acceptable. But that, un­ a well nation better-the New Deal's in chief. I propose to debunk the whole fortunately, is not the case. The lines in magic healer of 1945. This miraculous company's sales talk and show it up for America are already forming on the panacea has received the unqualified en­ exactly what it is-in an American word . great debate to come. I may only pray dorsement of some of the foremost of cemmon usage, if not of the most that it will be a ·cool, calm, and construc­ potentates of Europe. So reach down genteel. society-hokum. I am going to tive debate. And I, for one, may only into your pockets, my friends, and pur­ take their hokum apart and show you its humbly make the contribution which my chase this boon to mankind. All in one basic ingredients. Those ingredients are: conscience demands of me. great pink bottle, wrapped in red tape. First. The hokum of fear. In this debate,· we have on the one Come and get it, good people." Second. The hokum of newness. hand, the folks who honestly believe that If,· Mr. President; you think that is Third. The hokum of government. Henry Wallace· is, in effect, a new mes­ a weak take-off on what the medicine Fourth. The hokum of strife. siah. They think he will lead us into .man could do, you never saw the medi­ Flfth. The hokum of guaranties. the promised land by taking a direction cine man. I have seen strong lumber­ Remember them: Fear, newness, gov- due leftward. And on the other hand, jacks who, after listening to the medicine ernment, strife, and guaranties. we have the folks who are equally hon­ man, finally conceived in their minds Then after cleaning some of the New est and have due respect for Mr. Wal­ the notion that they were ill, and I Deal's hokum out of our ears we will be lace's sincerity and integrity, but are have seen them buy one bottle, five able to do some straight thinking on how certain that his beliefs make him a false bottles of the stuff, trembling and afraid to proceed on the American way to pros­ prophet. because of the suggestion of sickness and perity. These latter folks-horse-sense folks­ illness. And thus it went on, through 1. THE HOKUM OF FEAR do not want us to view Mr. Wallace as the years. , The unchanging come-on of every a man apart. They want us to see him Mr: TOBEY. Mr. President, will the medicine man is his appeal to fear. In the light of the long line of synthetic Senator yield? Raise hobgoblins in your audience's eye economists who have been preaching to The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does and pretty soon you have raised its hair, us since l933 to depart from our Ameri­ the Senator from Wisconsin yield to the its blood pressure, and its eagerness to do can way of life. These ersatz thinkers Senator from New Hampshire? whatever you tell it. So the New Dealers borrowed their ideas from the economic Mr. WILEY. I yield. have scared the American public about advisers ·of Mussolini and Hitler. And Mr. TO EY. The Senator left out the past and about the future. They the horse-sense folks want us to remem­ one important point. All of us would have piously bemoaned the depressions of ber what happened when America tried like to know how much a bottle. out those ersatz ideas of Mr. Wallace's [Laughter.] bygone days and they have wailed about forerunners, the New Deal "brain trust­ Mr. WILEY. I have seen a bottle of more "hard times comin' aknockin' at ers." Under their guidance we stumbled .such stuff which, upon later analysis, the door,'' particularly if the indispensa­ through 7 hard years, not into a prom­ was found to cost 7 cents to produce, in­ ble Mr. Wallace is not confirmed, or if he ised land, but unto a deeper wilderness cluding the bottle, sell for a dollar a is, indeed, made a martyr to his beliefs of their own misguided making. bottle or six for five bucks. And we by the action of the big, bad Senate. The New Deal! That is the issue know what the purchaser got. The New Dealers gloomily forecast bread which is before us today and which will Now, after this kind of snake-oil talk, lines, SOUi> kitchens, apple stands on be before us for a long time to come. even the horse-sense folks have to pinch street corners, and every other dismal The New Deal-not a scare name, not an themselves to keep from being hypno­ picture they can draw. · irrational bogie, but a false philosophy tized. What helps them to keep their Now, what are the facts about this of life and government. It is this phi­ senses is the memory of what happened hokum? · losophy-economic, political, and spirit­ toward about 1940. About then, after First. The fact is that our American ual-which Mr. Wallace expounds most they had been guzzling the New Deal's system has had enough vitality in the prominently today, and which he frankly firewater for 7 years, they went crawling, span of a handful of generations to give promises to advance, come what may. as sick as ever as a Nation, to the New us blessings in greater abundance than 1606 CONGRE~SIONAL RECORD~SENATE MARCH 1 . ever before experienced by any people at Who wants · credit for that? Henry trend. Month after month the trend is any time in man's history. Wallace? Why .should we not take the ,for the opt imist ic argu~ent to get better. blinders off our eyes and see that busi­ • • • With only 7 percent of the world's pop­ And with equal steadiness the talk grows ulation, even before the war, we pos:­ ness is given the credit to which it is into bigger and bigger totals of what for­ sessed 71 per:cent of the world's auto­ entitled? eign countries will be wanting in the way mobiles, 59 percent of the world's tele­ Mr. Rum! also estimated that posi­ of American export goods-$6,000,000,000 for phones, 52 percent of the radio sets. We tions in Government and military serv­ Russia, $2,000,000,000 for France, $2,000,- drank 55 percent of all the cofiee con­ ice would add enough jobs to" that total 000,000 for Italy, . $3,500,000~ 000 for China, sumed in the world, rolled on 63 percent to attain the national goal· of 60,000,000 and-so on. of the petroleum and 66 percent of the jobs. • • • rubber, and used 75 percent of all· the There we have one angle of the sit.:. Last bullish argument, and perhaps most impressive of all, is the political probability silk in the world. Twenty-six million of uation. Is there any reason, therefore, that hold-the-line an d Government con­ our children normally attended school. why we should fear and then turn the trols (rationing, allocat ions, etc.) will be con­ We had 912 radio stations and 20,000 job over to Government to do? It has tinued for "a While at least" after the war, motion-picture theaters. We owned enough to attend to in the political field. All previous post-war booms have been al­ 141,000,000 life-insurance policies and (h) Another .famous economist, Dr. lowed to blow their tops in inflationary h ad 44,000 ,000 bank deposits, witr $130,- Sumner H. Slichter, formerly of the Uni­ speculation which exhausted buying power 000,000,000 on deposit. in a hurry. This t ime the steam is likely versity of Wisconsin, and now at H~r­ to be held in and will therefore in all prob­ Second. The fact is that our 16-cylinder vard University, has expressed the same ability last much longer than ever before. American system has experienced some well-founded high expectations in a re­ avoidable depression bumps on the road cent article. He estimated that "after (d) Let us· recognize that one of the in the past. But it has hit these bumps -the war, the total demand for housing, crucial factors in post-war prosperity because whenever Government, business, industrial plant and equipment, inven­ will be the maintenance of demand at its labor, or agriculture took over the steer­ tories, and net exports will be about · present high level. There is no reason ing· wheel they have gone where they $24,600,000,000. With Government de­ why we cannot do this, or why we cannot jolly well pleased without sufficient re­ manding $31,000,000 ,000 of goods, and start our peacetime production hum­ spect for the wishes of their partners. consumers $104,000 ,000,000, the total de­ ming and keep it humming right _along. And when they were not at the wheel mand would be about $159,600,000,000, What a market for goods America is they have done a lot of back-seat driving or $3,600,000,000 more than the esti­ today. Manufacturers want to modern­ by -shouting out conflicting directions. mated output of 57,000,000 men working ize their machinery . and their plants. But we have learned our lesson. We have 7.5 percent fewer ·hours at present effi­ Merchants want to· restock their bare learned tl:at we will malce the most mile­ ciency." shelves and build the most up-to-date age toward prosperity if we all work as Let me note parenthetically that the trade outlets. · a team, if ..we leave Government at the average working hours per week in man­ Consumer wants are breath-taking wheel, but only as the willing chauffeur ufacturing are now about 45%. · High because they have been unfilled for so who fulfills the mutual requirements of working hours, ..including overtime, will, long. Right now,-for example, there is the three great cooperating groups. of course, be appreciably lowered after a backlog of demand for 12,000,000 to Government is a servant, not a master. the war. · 15,000,000 automobiles, or 3 years of rec-· Third. The fact is that no single man (c) A recent article in the Christian ord-breaking auto-production capacity. is so essential to the prosperity of Amer­ Science Monitor has breathed the same Had consumer durable goods been man­ ica that the Nation will collapse if he kind of opti.mism. ufactured during 1942-44, 10,000,000 re­ occupies or does not occupy an impor­ frigerators. would have been produced, tant position in Government. That goes I have before me some quotations from this refreshing article. They should 16,500,000 electric irons, 41,000,000 radios, for· Henry Wallace or anyone else. 82,000,000 clocks and watches, 6,000,000 Fourth. The fact is that no man on help to dispel the stale, feverish air of washing· machines Six and one-half either side of the Senate aisle ever had "misery· spread by the New Dealers. million couples have been married dur­ the slight est intention of. crucifying Mr. · I read as follows: ing the last 4 years and a high propor­ 'Wallace or making him a martyr. No There is a curious contrast between recent tion of them have not set up housekeep­ one wanted to nail him to the cross, al­ rises in the stock marl<;:et and the current ing. The marriage rate is expected to though many of us wanted to "nail" as pessimism of most of the public about the immediate post-war period. The st ock mar­ continue to rise in the first 2 years after "bunk" some of his misleading notions, ket is saying in no uncertain terms that the war, and the annual United States just as the electorate of my State nailed · prosperity or full employment for industry, increase in number of families to be his bunk in the last election campaign or the high wartime rate of business, is to about 550,000. This means more de­ after he had come to Wisconsin and can­ continue well into the peace. mand for homes and for home furnish­ vassed from county to county against . . . ings of every kind. The National Hous­ the Senator who is now speaking. Yet in contrast most of the public still ing Agency has estimated· that during [Laughter.] seems to fear that the moment the war in the first post-war decade an average Fifth. The fact is that right now, in the Pacific ends there will be a depression, yearly construction of 1,250,000 non­ the words of President Roosevelt, himself, with millions of soldiers and war workers farm dwellings alone will be required, in dan ger of unemployment. On things like "we have nothing to fear but fear it._ or 300,000 more than the number con~ this the stock market is usually more right structed during the 1925 peak year. self." than the public, and in point ~ fact there Sixth. The fact is that we can achieve are substantial reasons for expecting that What a thrilling challenge · all this every single one of the tempting objec­ high industrial activity and plentiful jobs is to the productive genius of our cit­ tives which Henry Wallace has presented will persist for many months and perhaps izens. to the American public-better housing, years after the final disillusionment of Ger­ (e) But this is not all. Vast new better health, better security, better many and Japan. horizons in brand new industries are wages, working conditions, hours, and so • • opening up in aviation, in plastics, and forth, without Mr. Wallace's bag of There are plenty of developments which in electronics. Take the last industry economic tricks. argue powerfully for the optimists. Sav-­ ings in the .United States are far over $100,- alone, electronics. In the. 1939 Census Now we can prove this crucial sixth 000,000,000, rising around $35,000,000,000 a of Manufacturers it occupied a mere point without any star-gazini, but with year. The rest of the world has $20,000,- subheading, "Radio- and tubes" under realistic evidence. . 000,000 of gold and doll~r credits pl;us th)' "Electrical machinery.'~ By 1941 it pro­ (a) Within· the last few days, the hope of large American loans, with or with­ duced approximately $300,000,000 of chairman of the Federal Reserve Bank out the help of the Bretton Woods Bank for goods in its own right. By 1944 this figure Reconstruction and Development.· And of New York, Mr. Beardsley Ruml, has there are growing scarcities of cars, tires, de­ had soared to $4,000,0QO,OOO, or a 1,333 stated that "it was reasonable" to expect · cent homes, clothes, etc., in · the United percent increase in 3 years, or the equal that American private business would States and appalling ·needs in Europe and of the dollar. product .volume of the provide 54,000,000 to 56.000,000 jobs after Asia. More impressive, however, is what · third largest industry group in the 1939 the war. · m lght be called an argu.ment tram the census, namely, the great automobile 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 1607 and automobile equipment industry~ households and nineteen and five-: eighths Was our war-production achievement And the electronics industry is still an million persons receiving all sorts of due to Government? Or was it not often infant! Federal, State, and local relief. By 1939, in spite of the confusing, conflicting, and Let me recall to Members of the Sen­ after an unparalleled orgy of deficit confounding orders issued pell-mell by ate the stunning fact that smce 1870 financing, we had six and one-half mil- , authority-mad bureaucrats? 15 completely new industries, employing lion households and nineteen and one­ Government is neither a seat of virtue _ 15,000,000 workers, have developed from quarter million persons on relief! Those nor a seat of evil, but just what the pre­ scientific research. We today are figures are from theW. P. A. Statistical vailing administration makes it. If "the standing on the threshold of a scientific Bulletin. In 1940, the year before we got powers that be" decide to "serve the Na­ age ·of incredible inventions and ad- into this war. after 7 years· of blindly tion's best interest" by socking private vances for 'peacetime abundance. . following false Messiahs, we had 10,000,- enterprise in the jaw, it is inevitable that (f) And lastly, under·this major cate­ 000 unemployed. During that 7 years, free enterprise will soon go down and go gory of the \terns of false fear, let us take we had an average of ten and one-half down for the count at that. And when it a brief look at the 60,000,000 job figure million unemployed. does go down, the Nation will go down which the new dealers say we cannot Why should we expect any different with it. Let us not forget recent his· attain without their hocus-pocus. results this time? Call the old formula to-ry in Germany and in Italy. Many economists think this figure is by any high-sounding name "Cradle-to­ So, enough of the New Deal hokum entirely too high. They say we can have the-Grave Security," "the Beveridge that Government is going to operate in what is called full employment at a much Plan," "Jobs for All"-so long as it has the a vacuum and produce job magic. Magic lower figure, by retiring the old folks, same unsound ingredients, it will lead to · never produces any real jobs except for sending our youngsters back to school, economic ruin. Give its apologists the magician himself. Government may, and making it possible for many of our enough rope, and they will hang our en­ by "made work," produce jobs but the womenfolk to keep house and have their tire system. For once they upset the jobs will not pay real American pay en­ husbands be the breadwinners. apple cart, destroy the delicate balance in velopes. They will give little more than The distinguished Senator from Ohio our political life, by centralizing power in the subsistence hand-outs of the old [Mr. TAFT] eloquently made a very tell­ the executive branch of the Government, W. P: A.-$31.20 a month for . unskilled ing point along this line last week. He it inevitably follows that they will de­ W. P. A. workers in the South, for ex­ stated that it was not an arbitrarily high stroy the delicate balance of our eco­ ample. Because the fatal paradox is number of jobs but the standard of living nomic life. Through deficit financing, that Government cannot provide high of a people which matle for their well­ they will settle government's huge weight wages unless it is to make its employ­ being and happiness. upon the back of private enterprise and ment more attractive than private em­ Right now we have· 51,250,000 people crush it to death. The process can pro­ ployment, and thus keep persons on its in the civilian labor force, in addition to ceed by reverse order-that is, destroy rolls indefinitely. 12,000,000 persons in the armed services. the economic checks and balances first, 4. THE HOKUM OF STRIFE That makes 63,250,000 for the total labor and then the political. That is what New Deal propaganda seethes with force. However, a minimum of 2,000,000 happened in Italy; that is what hap­ strife. Big business is pictured at the will be required for the armed services pened in Germany. That is recent his­ throat ot little business. The farmer is even after the long period of demobiliza.;. tory, not medieval history. But, either viewed as perpetually at loggerheads with tion, and an additional 6,000,000 may be way, our spiritual foundations will be the consumer, the consumer at swords expected to withdraw from the labor simultaneously undermined and the re­ point with the middleman, the middle­ force voluntarily as soon as the war sult will be a dictatorship of the Fascist -man at -odds with the producer, the pro­ emergency is over. Deduct those 8,000,- or Communist stripe. ducer at odds with labor. The Nation 000 people from the 63,250,000 and you There is nothing new about any of the is presented as an economic arena-where have 55,250,000 for whom we must pro­ New .Deal's creations, except the new rival groups slug it out to their mutual vide jobs. That is about the figure for wonder that folks could fall, hook, line, extinction. The New Deal seems to which the American Legion has inaugu­ and sinker, for discredited theories over thrive op this strife. It provides a con­ rated its Nation-wide job program. And and over and over and over again. venient excuse for its wholesale inter­ that is a far more reasonable and feasible 3. THE HOKUM OF GOVERNMENT vention. It jibes with the New Deal's number than the sky-high 60,000,000 The source of all of Mr. Wallace•s mir­ parent philosophy of class warfare. figure. acles and of all the New Deal's cures is, Now, of course, this Nation is founded Those should be points enough to dis­ of course, Washington, D. C. This is the on checks and balances in the economic pel the great amount of hokum aimed at birthplace of all that is good and all that as well as the political sphere. And inculcating fear in the hearts of Ameri- is holy. If in doubt, turn to government. there have been in the past many private cans. If suspicious, remember that govern­ persons and groups which have sought to 2. THE HOKUM OF NEWNESS ment moves in a mysterious way, its won­ throttle their competitors through Somehow folks always seem to "take ders to perform. Government does monopoly_ or unfair practices. Wealth to" anything that is wrapped up in a new everything better. Government knows has often been concentrated to an un­ package. So the new dealers have pro­ best. Government, government, gov­ due extreme. But it is quite wrong to claimed their job program as !'the latest ernment! assume that these minor "correctible thing" in public policy. Now, where in all of this New Deal shortcomings of our free competitive Actually, it is no such thing. It is the palaver is there any fundamental recog­ system are anything but the exception oldest stuff in the world, the stuff of nition of· the grass roots and city genius or are inevitable. - which the ancient institution of slavery working for private profit and the public Certainly in war, every economic group was made. It is the stuff which we im­ good, which made this Nation the mag­ in America has recognized its interde­ ported in the early thirties from the very nificent country that it is? Was it the pendence, although eve·n during this pe­ dictator nations which we have since had bureaucratic seat-warmers who spanned riod, there have been some obstinate to fight so bloodily . on battlefields. the Nation with railroads, who built the stand-outs. Is there any reason why in Moreover, it is the same concoction blast furnaces, broke the virgin soil, con­ the peace to come, our economic groups which was brewed for us in such heaping structed the cities? Was it the slide­ cannot work together to their mutual quantities between 1933 and 1940 and rule professors who brought atiout the satisfaction and profit? Are not the which gave us nothing but more financial miracle of American munitions, ships, profit-sharing policies between manage­ headaches and spiritual heartaches. and airplane production during this war? ment and labor, the employee pension The new dealers called it "pump prim­ Was it the Washington dreamers who and insurance plans of many industries ing" then and a lot of other innocent boosted the Nation's food output between the widespread labor-management com­ names. But it had the same ingredi­ 1940 and 1944 by 23 percent, while the mittees, the projected $600,000,000 finan­ ents-government pap, bureaucratic Nation's farm population dropped by 16 cial pool for America's small businesses patronage, and political pork. And what percent? Stop and think that over. to be provided by our private banks-are disastrous res\].lts they 'produced! Who was it but the common man, the these not all healthy signs? Do they not In 1933, when the New Deal took over, man of energy, the man who was willing prove that the strife which the New Deal we had five and one-eighth million to sweat and work and labor?. sees with such glee-or som~ may say, • 1608 CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD-SENATE MARCH 1 fosters with such success-is not the of the New Deal. But this -is enough to and agriculture throughout the· recon­ actual order of the day? point to the unmistakable conclusion version period and permanently there­ 5. THE HOKUM OF GUARAN_TlES that the American people have been after. · under the· high pressure of supersales­ Eighth. Maintain open the arteries of Mr. President, the biggest bait in the men of collectivism for far too long. competition by curbing both monopolies New Deal trap is the hokum about guar­ and cartels and giving encouragement anties. What has not the New Deal The time has come to resolve to aban­ don all trails which lead to despotism and assistance to small businessmen. promised to guarantee? It has vowed to and ruin and to march forward on the · It is only through measures such as guarantee jobs, credits, prouts, educa­ these that we may he true to the herit­ tions, security, health, housing. It has American way_of liberty and. prosperity. •THE AMERICAN WAY age which is ours. Only thus may we practically promised to give the moon on transmit the blessings of our way of life a silver platter to every American citizen. What should be our prqgram as we both to our returning young men and But it fails to tell us the price, the age­ proceed along this way? women of the armed services and our cit­ old price of slavery in a planned econ­ · First, make up our minds that there izens of the civilian ·population and to omy in which wages, hours, and every is more than enough resourcefulness and their children, and their children's chil­ other factor of production, distribution, vitality in our American system of pri­ dren, in the days to come. and consumption are held in the iron fist vate enterprise to bring on and maintain Let the torch of freedom "be a lamp of Government. prosperity. Banish the fear that we can­ unto our feet and a light unto our path." I say beware of these guaranties. Be­ not accomplish this through our free and Mr. HAWKES. ·Mr. President, I ,be-. ware of these bureaucrats bearing gifts . . volunta-ry means. "Fear is present lieve the citizens of the State of New "He who would give up liberty for secu­ where faith is absent." Let us have Jersey are entitled to know why. I shall rity deserves neither." The caged bird faith in ourselves and in our country. vote agains the confirmation of the nom­ has a guaranty of security, but it cannot Second, keep 'America's brain power ination of Henry Wallace to be Secretary tly. The hog that is fattened for the mobilized for peace as well as for war. of Commerce. There are no personal slaughter has a guaranty of security up 'Do not imm~diately disperse from the reasons, nor is there any unfriendliness until a certain date. Government service the able leaders re­ in the vote. I say beware of these guaranties not cruited from industry. The war on de­ . Most of our citizens are familiar with only· because of what we will lose mate­ pression will be as important as the war the President's letter to the Honorable rially but because of what we will lose on the Axis. Let us keep in ·many of th~ Jesse ·Jones, in which he requested Mr. spiritually-our self-reliance, our self­ high seats of Government the men who Jones' resignation in order that he, the respect, our initiative, our joy in free have helped us through the war produc- . President, might nominate Mr. Wailace. labor by the sweat of our brow and the. tion emergency and have fought off the -Let us here disregard the-political pay­ toil of our brain. · dream schemes of the new dealers. off, which is admitted in the letter. Let no one in this Chamber think for Third; give community planning· the Let· us here disregard the question as one moment that the insidious philoso­ green light. Do not let the false think­ to whether this reward. given to Henry phy of "the world owes me a living" has ers of the Left monopolize planning. Wallace for his activities in the political not already sapped much of.;-the produc­ That is what they want, Mr. President. campaign is either illegal, immoral, or an tive energies of our people. Government, They want a monopolized planning; unethical violation of-the third section the great provider, has taken care of they want to take over. They think it of the Federal Corrupt Practices Af't. I virtually everything in the last few years. is their show, their America, that it does think it is. It has given management lush contracts, not belong to you and me. . Let us here disregard the fact that the stockholders fat dividends, labor boom Planning is nothing more than con­ President has done the unusual thing of salaries. Of course,· everyone has had structive foresight based on corrective discharging, or asking for the resi~na­ to work mighty hard during these. war hindsight. But let not our planning be tion, of an able, patriotic man, who, ac­ years, but no one had had to stir to perverted into regimentation. In· every cording to the President himself, bas drum up business. There has not been city and hamlet of our Nation, let rep­ done a good job. any need for salesmanship; for Govern­ resentatives of labor, business, agricul­ · I cannot disregard the fact that Mr. ment has turned out to be a peerless ture, and Government sit down and vol.:. Wallace's appointment produces an un­ customer, anxious to take everything untarily work out community problems. balanced Cabinet, because I do not be­ that would meet specifications and to Democratically coordinate these plans lieve anyone will doubt that Mr. Wallace pay handsomely for it. at the State and at the Federal levels, and has been endeavoring primarily to rep­ Even as far back as 1942, the magazine, give every assistance and encouragement resent the organized labor leaders, and Fortune, reported that the will for private to them. the Cabinet already has a Secretary of enterprise was being dangerously para­ Fourth. Give private enterprise the Labor-Miss Perkins__:.wfro certainly can­ lyzed. I desire to repeat that, Mr. Presi­ green light. Promise it-with the inten­ not be accused of being unfavorable to dent. In 1942 Fortune magazine said the tion of fulfilling our promise-that we labor. · · · will for private enterprise was being will reward its initiative · and · remove ' The office of· Secretary of Commerce dangerously paralyzed. In July of that nuisance restrictions and competition on should be occupied by one who is skilled year this magazine asked the question: the part of Government. As I said be­ and experienced in business, industry, "Do you think some form of socialism . fore, neither the Federal nor the State and commerce and has the interest of would be a good thing or a bad thing for Government should take things over to prom.oti.ng tl).e . welfare of business, in­ the country as· a whole?" Twenty-five the point where either becomes the dustry, and commerce, with due regard arid one-half percent of the Nation master. to the welfare of the Nation. · • I thought it-would be a good thing. Forty Flfth. Set Government's lop-sided I still believe in our system of govern­ and one-half percent thought it would house in order. Reorganize and reduce ment-the freedom of the individual to be a bad thing, and 34 percent did not the top-heavy, sprawling bureaucracy engage in business and the vital neces­ know. The highest favoring vote for and balance the Budget·. A statement to sity of each citizen accepting his indi­ socialism came from business executives America that the Budget would be bal­ vidual responsibility in order to continue 40 percent, and the lowest from farm anced, bureaucrats thrown out, and our American system on its upward labor, 17% percent! If these figures do corners cut would do more to instill con­ progress. not show that it is later than many of fidence m the hearts of millions who own We are fighting this war to preserve us have thought to halt the trend toward Government bonds than would anything the right to have and express a differ­ socialism, I do not know what will show else. ence of opinion: The telegrams and let­ it. ' Sixth. Announce Government's role as ters I have received from the citizens of · Slowly, subtly the process of indoctri­ that of a good Samaritan, not a Santa New Jersey, as· well as citizens through­ nation of our people to a life where gov­ Claus, on both the home and foreign out the· United States, a-re preponder­ ernment takes care of everything goes fronts, helping both Americans and for­ antly against the confirmation of the on. And this hokum about guaranties eigners to help themselves, to solve their nomination.of Mr. Wallace-just as I am 1s in the forefront of this indoctrination. own ·problems through themselVes. against ·it. There is much more hokum from Seventh. Establish coop-eration as the ·. Mr.: Wallace seems to be in doubt as where all this came-the thinking mills order of the day bet_?~een business, labor, to the continuing value ef the Gonstitu- 1945 GONGRESSIONAt RECORD-SENATE 1609 tion of the United States; otherwise, in ernment regimentation and enslave­ ness. He has strong faith tnat free pri­ his book Whose Constitution he .would ment. Let us remember, my fellow vate enterprise can produce 60,000,000 not have said: Senators, that Government-guaranteed jobs after the war. If in wartime we can We in the United States should eventually security means nothing else than a produce goods worth $200,000,000,000 or be prepared if necessary to work out in the mortgage on individual liberty. more, he believes we can produce in great spirit of Madison a mechanism which would Mr.· TAYLOR. Mr. ·President, it is abundance houses, machinery; and cloth­ embody the spirit of the age as successfully with considerable humility and with ing in peacetime. He conceives the Gov­ as the Const itution of 1787 mirrored the some trepidation that I rise to contribute ernment to be a great power in reserve, philosophy of the eighteenth century. We It may hope that such action can be taken as a few words to this discussion. is, I to maintain order and balance, to hold bloodlessly as the Constitution· was enacted believe, thought that a newcomer should the scales even, and be prepared to carry and t hat the handiwork will be as enduring. keep his seat for a time until he has be­ on public works if for any reason the Th is will undoubtedly be possible if a spirit come better acquainted with the pro­ economic machine falters and unemploy­ cf common sense pre·vails; and if we use our cedures of and the issues before the ment soars to 3,000,00.0. He has a de­ Constitution as Hamilton anticipated it Congress. However, I am somewhat tailed plan to supervise the whole stu­ rhould be used, such action may not be vexed at having to sit here and listen to pendous undertaking and keep it in bal­ necessary at all. · all the reverberations vom the other side ance, so as to · avoid panics and shut­ I still believe that our Constitution, of 'the aisle with nothing emanating downs. And, first of all, he has abound­ with its · provisions· for -amendment, from this side. It does not seem to be ing faith in America. should not be altered, destroyed, or re- of a great deal of importance so I think Private industry must have faith to placed. - this ma,y be a good time for me to prac­ . expand before it can be expected to take · Theodore Roosevelt once said ~ hat the tice a little bit. [Laughter.] necessary risks; private investors must pure idealist is the most dangerous man Mr. President, on this occasion the is­ be assured that the full power of our ih the world because he is often honest; sue· at least, is easy to comprehend. It Government stands ready to forestall sincere, and conscientious but through is well understood. in every hamlet of any threatened economic collapse. lack of experience in the practical af­ the land, and I dare say the expressions The experi'ence of 1929 has not been fairs of life, he misleads many to their of opinions on this question which have forgotten. The vast credit of the Gov­ ernment standing ready to share unusual detriment. I peli~ve Mr. Wallace is a come to the S..enators are in volu.me and pure idealist. emphasis almost without · precedent. and abnormal risks with the private in­ · Saying y.ou are for the common·man is Everywhere citizens whose eyes are fixed vestor in getting started is needed to give one thing. Being for the common man on the future ·are deep-ly stirred and business the confidence necessary to pro­ alarmed lest the decision made here duce the jobs. No public figure has but failin~ ~ to acco~plish anything of should check the country's progress to come forward with so fine an analysis of consequence for J ~is benefit because of false philosophies and inexperience is a more prosperous condition than that the pro'Qlem and so definite a program tn which prevailed before the war. The meet it as has Mr. \Vallace. He has another thing. people of my State, Mr. President, and demonstrated both the vision and the But being sincerely for the best interest of the ,great West are deeply interested .power to act boldlY and practically. If of the common man and using the les­ in the question now before the Senate. he cannQt direct the great campaign to sons that come from the experience of The post-war objective laid out by furnish real employment that shall en­ . life to create intelligent cooperation with President Roosevelt is 60,0QO ,OOO jobs to rich every· part of our broad land, then, the common man, in order that he may be supplied normally by private enter­ in my judgment, no one else has appeared have the necessary opportunities to prise. Most of these, obviously, must who can. Certainly no one who has the enable him to enjoy a fair and honest come from what we refer to as small outlook of a full-time banker is likely to chance· to raise his standard- of living business, if we are to have an adequate have the large grasp necessary to do the and obtain security under a solvent gov­ and well-distributed economy. In my job. ernment is the only helpful course that State small business is about all the · This contest on the domestic business brings to him true, enduring benefits. business there is. In nearly all the West, scene is at bottom between those who This course should be the objective of all believe that some 20,000 big enterprises good Americans. and in my State especially, smal1 busi­ ness comprises an overwhelming ma­ allowed to do as th~y please, but shored I still believe in the philosophies of our jority of the business we have. The great up when crises come, to be sure, can do forefathers who founded and developed State of Idaho, which I have the honor the job without much concern for 3,000,- this· Nation and .afforded its people the in part to represent, has abundant, and 000 small· businesses scattered. over the highest living standard on the face of the varied, but · still largely undeveloped, country. Mr. Wallace is for a new eco­ earth. natural resources. \Ve have an, enter­ nomic. freedom for everybody, and he . Tbis accomplishment of our forefath­ prising, industrious. and honest people, recognizes the obstacles, .not only in ers, which we are now destroying, was and couJd easily with proper develop­ finance but in international trade poli­ made under the principle that the citizen ment support a far greater population cies which destroy confidence and oppor­ supports the Gove rnm~mt, and not under in prosperity and happiness. We have tunity in all sections of our land. His the principle that the Government sup­ always bee,n a raw material producing intelligence is applied to the whole prob­ ports the citizen. It was made under the ~tate, laboring under the handicap of lem, not merely to a small segment of it. principle that the Government should excessive freight rates in order to trans­ Mr. President, the speeches previous keep opportunity open to all its citizens, port what we pr<>duce to market, and to mine, made by able Senators, have and not under the principle that the much of the wealth already produced has been to the effect that what we want is Government owes a tailor-made job to its been drawn away to the seats of great experienced businessmen to conduct the ~it i zens. corporate enterprise. ' departments of Government. We do not The two fundamental reasons which Mr. President, such a State as mine is want idealists and men of vision. We actuate me to vote against the confirma­ keenly interested in having in the De­ want sound businessmen. A few days tion of Mr. Wallace are, first, the fact partment of Commerce a man of large ago the S~nator from Ohio [Mr. TAFT] that I believe the people of the United national views, a man who is interested made the statement that President States would like to see a better balanced in seeing ample credit and enterprise Roosevelt showed-a lack_of confidence in Cabinet than Mr. Wallace's appointment qirected to the areas that have been neg­ Henry Wallace in the letter which he would produce, and, secondly, I -w~sh to lected, and not primarily as a guardian wrote to Mr. Jones when he said, ''For see our Government remain solvent and of the gigantic concerns which already that reason only I am going to give Henry· its various groups · prosper, so that op­ dominate our business life. We want the job." I do not think he &hawed a portunities of advancement for the com­ leadership that looks ipto the future, not · lack of confidence in Mr. Wallace. I mon man may be a reality, rather than inereJy a close conservator of what we think .he placed too much .confidence in merely a promised and coveted goal. have. We want more jobs, more wealth, Mr. Jones when he thought · he would . It is my firm conviction that Mr. Wal­ more people, better homes, transporta­ not publish the letter. lace's philosophy of life and government, tion systems, and many other things. Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, will the if carried into effect, will destroy the op­ Mr. Wallace, I am convinced by the Senator yield? portunities of free man and lead to Gov- record, is no enerni of any kind of J;lusl- Mr. TAYLOR. I yield. XCI--102 1610 CONGRESSIONAB RECORD-RENATE MARCH l . Mr. TAPT. My statement about lack ts not surprising. It 1s understandable also men and were not affected with any of confidence related to the President's tor Hitler to desire to come out of this war private interest which would suggest at any cost victor for the German people. interference in the nomination of Mr. "But this attitude of the men who control prejudice in the performance of their Wallace as Vice President, and his · ob­ the gi-eat commodity industries, and who pro­ public duty. vious desire not to have him run on the pose to run them according to their own No one challenges the authority or ticket, or have his name submitted to judgment and their own morals, do not make responsibility of the Senate under the the-people, as a handicap to the Demo­ a pretty picture for the welfare of the com· Constitution to pass upon Cabine~ nom­ cratic ticket. I do not think I used the mon man. inations exactly like all other Executive letter to which the Senator ref.ers. "These International combinations of in· dutsrial capital are fierce troglodyte animals appointments. However, as a conserva­ Mr. PEPPE~. Mr. President, will the With tremendous power and no social brains. tive, I must point out that it is sig- Senator yield? They hover like an old silurian reptile about · . nificant that the practice of a century Mr. TAYLOR. I yield. our decent, more or less Christian, civiliza­ indicates the consideration which has Mr. PEPPER. Has not the Senator tion-like great dragons in this modern day been given by the Senate to the desir­ heard it said that the Devil quotes Scrip­ when dragons are supposed to be dead." ability of unity in the executive branch ture to his own ends? Would that have Mr. President, personally, I would of the Government in the interest of any analogy, in the Senator's mind, to rather have Henry•Wallace, with all his sound and successful administration. the effort of the able Senator from Ohio idealism and love of mankind-which Certainly in this century of consistent to be the analyst of Democratic Party .. seems to be a crime in the eyes of some-­ consideration of the President's official affairs? as Secretary of Commerce than one of family by men of all parties there has . Mr. TAYLOR. Mr. President, I wish to the fierce troglodyte animals with tre­ been no implication of approval of the read a brief editorial. It was written by mendous power and no social brains, ideas or the ideologies of the appointees: a Republican. 'Whenever I wish to make to which Mr. White refers. It would be easy to suggest many men an argument and bolster it with state­ The VICE PRESIDENT. The question in both parties who might seem far bet­ ments from someone who is supposed is, Will the Senate advise and consent ter qualified to perform the duties of to be an authority, ·I always try to choose to the nomination of Henry A. Wallace to Secretary of Commerce than the present a Republican, because then it cannot be be ·secret;ary of Commerce? . nominee. That way, however, lies the said that I am prejudiced. I am sure Mr. fiLL. I suggest the absence of a encroachment of the legislative upon the that nearly all Senators on the other side quorum.· executive department of the Government of the aisle, and I believe every Senator The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk will and the threat of chaos· in administra­ on this side of the aisle, will join with call the roll. - tion. me in saying that William Allen White The legislative clerk called the roll, The present nominee seems to many was a great American, beloved and re­ and the following Sena.tors answered to perfectly to personify the economic and spected by all thinking Americans. their names: social views, if any, of this administra­ Shortly before his death he visited Wash­ tion. Much of the criticism is based Aiken :aart Overton ington to look things over, and he wrote Baiiey Hatch Pepper upon a frankness of e~pre$sion that is the following editorial, which appeared . Ball Hawkes Radcliffe both unusual and refreshing in men in in the Emporia (Kans.) Gazette: Bankhead Hayden Reed public life. America has been wander:­ Barkley Hlckenlooper R.evercomb SAYS BIG BUSINESS Is RUNNING . WAR-8TARK Bilbo Hill Robertson ing in a dismal swamp of uncertainty MAD, RUTHLESS MEN OWE FIRST ALLEGIANCE Brewster Hoey Russell and confusion in domestic policies, chas­ TO • THEIR OWN STOCKHOLDERS, DECLARES Bridges Johnson, Calif. Saltonstall ing · a will-o'-the-wisp of constantly NOTED EDITOR. Briggs Johnson, Colo. Shipstead Buck Johnston, S. C. Smith changing proposals for restoring our eco­ William Allen White, noted editor of the Burton Kilgore Stewart nomic well-being. Hatred of Henry Emporia (Kans.). Gazette, recently came to Bushfield La Follette Taft Wallace based upon fear is the surest Washington to learn first-hand how the war Butler Langer Taylor is getting on. After sizing up the situation, Byrd McCarran Thomas, Idaho way of annointing him as the messiah of he wrote his impressions for his pap~r. Capehart McClel1an Thomas, Okla. a new day. If our responsibilities per­ "One cannot move about Washington," he Capper McFarland Thomas, Utah mitted consideration of political conse- . said, "without bumping into the fact that we Cha.IJdler McKellar Tobey Chavez McMahon Tunnell quences, it would be easy to envision are running two war~a for~ign war and a Cordon Magnuson Tydings Henry Wallace as the catalyst, to use a domestic war. Donnell May bank Vandenberg New Deal word, who may finally enable "The domestic war front is in the various DoWnEy Mead Wagner war boards. Every great commodity indus­ Eastland Millikin Walsh America really to choose up sides in try in this country is organized nationally Ellender Mitchell Wheeler these evolutionStrY days. and many of them, perhaps most of them, are Ferguson Moore Wherry Those, like myself, who disagree with parts of great national organizations, cartels, Fulbright Morse White Henry Wallace may prudently devote G~orge Murdock Wiley agreements, which function on both sides of Gerry Murray Willis their time and ·talents to the develop­ the battle front." Green Myers Wilson ment of a sounder program and a more UNCHECKED BY GOD OR MAN Guffey O'Dantel appealing candidate to seek the support Gurney O'Mahoney .,Here in Washington every industry is in· of the American people. That crusade . terested in saving its own· self. It wants to The VICE PRESIDENT. . Eighty­ may be gladly and enthusiastically come out of the war with a whole hide and eight Senators have answered to their joined by every American who believes it with its organization unimpaired, legally or names. A quorum is present. is high time that America had a chance 11legally. Mr. BREWSTER. Mr. President, as a to endorse a program which recognizes "One is surprised to find men representing . great commodity trusts or agreements or member of the possibly dwindling mi­ the amazing pr'ogress of the United syndicates planted in the various war boards. nority of the minority, upon this side, States under our present economic and "It is s11ly to say new dealers run this show. who have felt inclined to support the social and governmental system, and It's run largely by absentee owners of amal· Presidential right to choose as members which seeks simply to adapt that system gamated industrial wealth-men who either of his Cabinet those who are reputable to the world of tomorrow, without dis­ directly or through their employers control men, I think perhaps I should put in carding the principles of sound govern­ small minority blocs, closely organized, that the RECORD, not for the purpose of per· ment and sound thinking which have manipulate the physical plants of these trusts. suading anyone or justifying myself, but made America in the last century the "For the most part, these managerial mag· simply for the purposes of record, the productive marvel and envy of all the nates are decent, patriotic Americans. They reasons which have actuated me as a world. have great talents. If you touch them in member of the Committee on Commerce Mr. BURTON. Mr. President, during 9 relations of life out of 10, they are kindly, in first considering this matter when. I the past month the confirmation of the courteous, Christian gentlemen. had more distinguished company, and nomination of Henry A. Wallace as Sec­ "But in the tenth relation, where it touches their own organization, they are stark mad, . more recently in·the consideration of the. retary of Commerce apparently has be­ ruthless, unchecked by God or man, para­ matter here. comJ increasingly probable. During the noiacs, in fact, as evil in their design as For a centur·y every President of the same month the roll call of the opposi­ Hitler." United States has been permitted to have tion to the confirmation has therefore FIGHT FOR STOCKHOLDERS as members of his Cabinet those who become increasingly merely a referen­ "Thzy are determined to come out of this were personally and pOlitically congenial, dum upon Mr. Wallace's policies. This y;ar victors for their own stockholders-which so long as they .were reputable and honest referendum vote will. serve as a partial 1945 CO-NGRE-SSIONAL RECORD~SENATE 1611 guide to the attitude of the Senate on This in itself comes as near saying that of the ticket, thinks the ·latter is entitled to similar policies. he is in favor of a bloody revolution 1f it the job. I agree with such ·general objectives of has to come to that, but hopes that it will (3) ·The fact further is that the private be a peaceful one, as any comment I . have business, large and .small, which Mr. Wallace Mr. Wallace as the vital need for post-· heard from a public character. wants to help, is more suspicious of him and· war full employment 'and for interna:. He is a planner after the ways of the his plans of regimentation than it is of any tional peace and security. I propose. to Communists and Socialists: believes not only other public man in the United States do everything possible to attain those ob­ in the state's planning for the individual How can we expect teamwork fr~m a com­ jectives by sound methods. On the other but forcing the individual to behave accord­ bJnation of elements suspicious of each hand, I strongly disagree with Mr. Wal­ ing to such plan, the while trying to laugh other, such as business and agricultural in­ lace's policies and those of the President off reference to Socialists, Communists, or terests on the one hand and Mr. Wallace Fascists. Here is what he covertly states:· on the other hand are of each other? to reach their objectives through prodi­ "They will not be Socialists, Communists, gal governmental spending, governmen­ or Fascists, but plain men trying to gain by • • • • tal deficits, and governmental borrowing. The Reconstruction Finance Corporation democratic methods the professed objectives should be divorced fr.om Mr. Wallace's domi­ I regard such prodigalities as inex­ of the Communists, Socialists, and Fascists." nation or control by the Congress · of the cusab.le violations o·f the trusteeship of Any sane man knows that such an objec­ United States because of the wartime emer­ governmental power over· the public's tive is impossible under our existing Federal gency. Before 4 more years go by it is ·my own assets . . Unless checked, such prodi­ Constitution. prediction that the rank and file of American gality will not only waste the country's He expects eventually to completely dom­ people will be much better advised of the resources but will ·endanger the living inate farmers and producers, generally, and possible and dangerous consequences of our the great individualists who have made an present trend than they are at this time. standards, the personal freedom, and the outstanding record in fields of manufacture international peace available for our I take it for g~anted that every person and of production in the present war effort. with common sense is in agreement on the children and our children's children, for In fact he bluntly says: · proposition that the world owes no _man a whoSe futures we have been elected spe- "It may· be necessary to make a public living, but that a man is entitled to free, fair cial trustees. · utility out of agriculture. Every plowed opportunity to make a living. This pertains I voted my opposition to such prodigal field would have its permit sticking up on its to the right of the individual, but that indi­ policies last November, as did the ma­ post--it would be necessary to go to Congress vidual ha,s an obligation which is no better to get a very large appropriation so as to interpreted than in the parable of the talents jority of the voters in ·Ohio. I expect, have a police force of half a million men therefore, to· vote against the confirma..:. from the lips of the Incomparable One who to keep down racketeering." ' saw, knew, and understood realities, rewards, tion of Henry A. Wallace to be Secretary That he will ignore public opinion, which and penalities of human behavior for a period of Commerce, to record opposition to is the most important factor in this America far beyond the confusion and controversy many of his political policies. of ours, and as a public otHcial of the state, of His time. The parable is as follows (St. Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Mr. Pres- force the electorate who comprise and vocal­ Matthew XXV, 14: 30): 1dent, during the time when Mr. i:;:;e that public opinion to do things against "For'even as men going into a far country, their respective (instead of his doing it as called his servants and delivered to them his Wallace's name ·. has been before the the agent of public opinion and the servant Senate, I have received many letters in goods. thereof) wills, is evidepced by this astound­ "And to one he gave five talents, and to regard to the nomination. I desire to ing statement made by him: another two, and to another _one, to everyone insert at this point in the RECORD a long "Much as we dislike them, the new types according to his proper ability, and immedi­ of social control that we have now in opera­ and thoughtful letter from a friend of ately he ~ook his journey. mine in regard to the nomination of Mr. tion are here to stay, and to grow on a world "And he that received the five talents went Wallace, and my reply thereto. or national scale. We shall have to go on doing all these things we do not want to do." his way, and traded with the same, and Ther~ being no objection, the letters That he expects, regardlless of his high gained other five. were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, idealism, to force regimentation and Govern­ "And in like manner he that had received as follows: ment planning on the lowly, eommon man, the two gained other two. is not the subject of argument, so far as his "But he that had received the one, going MONTROSE, COLO., January 26, 1945. his way, digged into the earth and hid his Han. EDWIN C. JoHNSON, pernicious -declarations are concerned. He lord's money. United States Senator from Colorado, expresses himself· in the words of a cold, · Washington, D. C. icy, determined dictator. I quote again: "But' after a long time, .the lord of these · DEAR En. JoHNSON: • • • It is obvious "Regimentation without stint might, in­ servants came, and reckoned with them. that if the appointment of Henry Wallace is deed, I sometimes think, go further and "And he that had received the five talents, confirmed by the United States Senate, he faster here than anywhere else if we once counting, brought other five talents saying will wield more control in America than a took the bit in our teeth and set up for a 'Lord, thou didst deliver to me five talents, combination of tne- three largest banks of 100-percent American conformity in every­ behold I have gained other five over and· the United States, plus the United ·States thing." above.' Steel Co., plus the General Motors Co., plus To show that the American people are not "His lord said to him 'Well done, good and the Ford Motor C_o., if they were all acting informed of the hidden secret trend as »ele­ faithful servant; because thou has been faith­ in unison and accord-ing to plan. In such vant to the above pronouncements by Mr. ftll over a few things, I will place thee over a position Mr. Wallace, representing the Wallace, the brief, blunt comment of the many things; enter thou into the joy of thy lender, can impose all types of covenants on king's jester, Harry Hopkins, is here quoted: lord.' 'ljhe borrower who will naturally be anxious "People are too damned dumb to under­ "And he also that had received the two to promote the latter's business, great or stand." talents came and said: 'Lord, thou delivered small, and can require the borrower to as­ With the above statements and declara­ two talents to me; behold, I have gained sume · and agree to observe regimentation of - tions made by Mr. Wallace in mind, what do other two.' ' all hi~ actions and behavior under the direct the rank and file of the American people "His lord said to him 'Well done, good and control of the Government, without limit, think he wm do if placed in dire.ct control faithful servant; because thou hast been even to the point of writing into the loan of and charged with _the administration of faithful over a few things, I will place thee agreement covenants pertaining to the em­ practically all of the liquid assets held at. over many things; enter thou into the joy ployment of the labor used in the conduct the present time by the United States Gov­ of thy lord.' of the borrower's business and particularly ernment as creditor? He will regiment busi­ "But he that had received the one talent the terms and conditions of such employ­ ness, of course, and he wiil name not the came and said: 'Lord, I know that thou art ment, all at the borrower's expense. conditions generally imposed between the a hard man; thou reapest where thou hast The ideals. or principles of a man repre­ borrower and the lender, but the conditions not sown; and gatherest where thou hast not sent one phase of his character make-up. imposed by a man who has become a jeal­ strewed. His policies represent another. Mr. Wallace ous ideologist, and . who will concentrate " ·~nd being afraid, I went and hid the is already on record against the following of· more thinking. how much further a particu-· talent in the' earth; behold, here thou hast the American tradition of making the Ameri­ lar plan of his will .ad:va;nce the ideolpgy, that which is thine.' can way of life adjust itself to the limita­ rather than whether it is satisfactory to "And ' his lord . answering, said to him: tions and requirements of a written Con­ ensure the payment of the money borrowed. 'Wicked and slothful servant; thou knewest stitution, and being cognizant of the fact ( 1) Henry Wallace is not equipped by any that I reap where I sow not, and ·gather that subversive elements in our midst are previous experience .for heading the world's where I have not strewed. ~ engaged in a· revolution, will change com­ most colossal banking system-the· Recon­ "'Thou oughtest, therefore, to have com­ pletely our form of government. I quote struction Finance Corporation. mitted my .money to the bankers and at my bim: (2) His nomination is, a frank . political coming, I should have received my own with "We are in for a profound revolution. pay-off. :I'he Presid,ent openly and frankly usury. Those of us who realize the inevitability of' states that Mr. Wallace wanted to be Secre­ "'Take ye away; therefore, the talents revolution are anxious that it be graduai tary of Co.mmerce and that the· President, from him, and give it to him that hath ten and bloodless instead ofsudden and bloody.''· because o!'Mr. Wallace's work !6J;:'tlie succesl talents. ·- · ··· · · · · · · 1612 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 1

" 'For to every_one that ba.tb shall be given; under our lend-lease arrangement~and tt pointment is confirmed· as a. repetition of and be shall abound; but from him that will be further interesting, later on, to read pump-priming activities with which some of bath not, that also which he seemeth to the statistics showing what portion of Amer­ us have been sadly familiar. Such practice have shall be taken away.'" ican money, equipment, such as trucks, guns, had us in a tail-spin just before the present The chief enduring qualities of the New food, planes, and ammunition, was available war. If it had not been for the fact that Testament which epitomize His phllosophy for use by her valorous sons in the present private enterprise had through the years built of life are that . everything depends on the stupendous drive to reach Berlin-all of up an equity for more than 150 years, money individual, and that the individual has a which brings us to . the point that during could not have been borrowed to temporarily . direct responsib111ty for his own welfare. the period when individual enterprise had avert such pump-priming consequence--the Metaphorically, that individual represents full sway, the average American had finally present war and its exacting employments a light bulb. Whether by proper contact attained a higher standard of living than could not have averted the fast-overcoming with the dynamic generator of Divinity the had any other citizen of any other country economic cataclysm. We have attempted to individual wants that bulb to shine forth on the face of the globe during any present borrow and borrow and spend and spend with the effulgent glow of inner satisfaction, or any previous reriod in the world's history. our way into a fantastic prosperity which is up to the individual. The responsibility Right here I want to observe that because sometimes makes us forget that it is all on for not establishing the ·contact, also is the our country and Russia are joined together the cuff--or, in other words, has been accomp­ individual's. Such is the reason for the en­ as allies during the present war, is no reason lished with our savings-we the people baing during basis of Christianity. Similarly, the why we should be required to adopt the unable .to produce the profit or wealth to pay reason that Christianity is bitterly opposed Russian theory of government. If I am in as we go, or to make the various enterprises by the Fascist state in Italy, the Nazi dic­ the livestock business and I am interested in sustain the cost of experiments to be con­ tatorship in Germany, and the compelling keeping pure a common source of water ducted on the strength of our credit? Henry and all-powerful dominating state influence supply for my flocks, and in preserving Wallace intends to take practically all the of communistic Russia, is that these dif­ pasturage for my animals, it is common sense liquid assets our Government has, and under ferent forms of government must of neces­ for me to join with anybody to prevent the the guise of extending the credit of our Gov­ sity make all human beings mere serfs in poisoning of the springs or the impairment ernment to borrowers, attempt to spend our carrying out their plan of government, if of my pasturage by some malevolent indi· wa~ into full employment. This, in spite of that plan is to be successful. vidual who, at the moment happens to have the fact that such a program is based wholly The nineteenth-century liberalism of Cob­ evil designs against us both; but after we on borrowed money. · den and Bright, of Adam Smith and Hume, have jointly protected ourselves from the The chief weakness 1n Henry Wallace's or even Locke and Milton, who inherited evil design and eliminated or enjoined the thinking process is that he believes a para­ zealously the theory that any social organi­ continuance of the source of it, that is no dise on earth can be created by law. If God zation must primarily be established on reason why I have to adopt a religion or Almighty, with the aid o:f'a divinely conceived basic individualism (the theory that consid­ polltics which my neighbor espoused, nor Son, has·been unable to do it, how does Henry eration of the rights of the individual and the even his business methods, for that matter. Wallace think he can improve such a lesson resultant effects of any proposed such plan I may have "lent" or "leased" him during the to be learned from divine experience and sub­ of social organization of individual rights) pEriod of peril, equipment for our common · stitute a mere man-made plan of his own? as that theory was developed by Erasmus, protection. We have been paid in full--each If· the Senate of the United States will Montaigne, Cicero, Tacitus, Pericles, Thucy­ of us-by the mutual aid we have rendered before it confirms the nomination of Henry dides, etc., prompts me to assert that the to each other for common protection. A. Wallace, appoint an impartial committee present trend of government in the United Now we face in this America of ours today, to investigate Mr. Wallace's administration States will bring about, if unchecked, the definite threats having for their purpose the of the Farm Security Administration, with a. abandonment of this century-old· but. en­ undermining of what I choose to call the view of determining what his record in ac­ during philosophy. "liberalism of our western. civilization." This tion actually has been in displaying a flair The Renaissance period in our history trend or threat began more than a century for fantastic theories, or on the other hand stands out as the era when individuals, un­ ago. Socialism was the seed, or the dynamic showing practical realism, it will find all fettered and encouraged, while the power force which produced it. St. Simeon, one the evidence necessary to fortify its reason of state remained in a condition of sus­ of the founders, was franker than our pres­ for rendering a verdict based on fact. pended animation, were permitted the un­ ent-day Socialists are, because he believed The chief guilt of our present era lies in the regulated development and axpression of in frankness and bluntness and · had not fact that we feel as a certainty what Omar their respective talents, energies, and genius. learned the psychological force of "boring Khyaam knew was a futility when many cen­ It is to that peliiod we ascribe some of our from within.'' His plan, plainly stated, was turies ago he observed: greatest literature, thought, true liberalism, to reorganize society on the hierarchian lines . "Ahllove, could but you and I with Him con­ and advancement. It stands out with bril­ ·spire, liant splendor as a· tribute to the accom­ and by imposition of a "coercive spiritual power" where freedom was concerned, pro­ To change this sorry scheme of things, en­ plishments of various individual members tire, who were, because of lack of restraint upon duce the subjective and regimented citizen. them at the time, permitted to hand down He and his fellow prophets and creators Would we not shatter it to bits to succeeding generations the invaluable made no bones about their intention. Free­ And remold it nearer to the heart's desire?" treasures of their respective handiworks in dom of thought, they asserted, and regarded Mr. Wallace may have a desire in his heart, the way of art, literature, sculpture, poetry, it as the root evil of the 19th century but his thinking process is fatally faulty. He music, and inventive formulas. society. He predicted that those in or­ feels that law and the heart's desire can cor­ The framers of our Federal Constitution, ganized society who did not obey his pro­ rect all the evils of our time. some of whom were outstanding students posed planning boards would be, and I quote The foregoing comprises the first, or major of political science, surveyed the crimes, him literally, "treated as cattle." De Toque­ consideration for our serious reftection if we follies, and misfortunes of mankind as the ville, liberal Democrat that he was, a.nd who regard any type of government from a prac­ latter were recorded in the historical rec­ believed !Sincerely in freedom of thought and tical knowledge of human nature. There are ords of the past, and decided that private action, immediately discerned that de­ others that should not be lost sight of. enterprise as a twin companion of individual mocracy was an essentially individualistic A second consideration is that in estimat­ liberty, -was of equal importance with the institution and stood, therefore, in irrecon­ ing the value of any system of government inherent rights of the individual, such as cilable conftict with the Socialist theory of institutions due regard must be had to the freedom of speech, freedom of religion, free­ St. Simeon et al. He said in 1848: true functions of government and to the dom of the press, due process (which meant "Democracy extends the sphere of indi­ limitations imposed by nature upon what it the right to be tried before regularly organ­ vidual freedom. Socialism restricts it. De­ is possible for government to accomplish. ized courts controlled by orderly procedure, mocracy attaches all possible value to every We all know, of course, that we cannot abol­ previously adopted from the experience of tlie man. Socialism makes ea{)h man a mere ish all the evils in this world by statute, or ages). number; a mere agent; have nothing in com­ by the enforcement of statutes, nor can we The history of the United States of Amer­ mon but one word "equality•'; but notice the prevent the inexorable law of nature which Ica since that Constitution was adopted may differences; while democracy seeks equalities decrees that suffering shall follow vice, and clearly be described as the ftowering result in liberty, socialism seeks equalities in re­ all the evil passions and folly of mankind. of the Renaissance period. So definite has straint and servitude." Law cannot give to depravity the rewards of been that result that today our country With these thoughts and the above quota­ virtue, to indolence the rewards of ambition, has become so great in Its colossal develop­ tions from former Vice President Wallace In or to ignorance the rewards of learning. l'he ment that we are financing our associates in mind, can any man of common sense, hon­ utmost that government can do is measur­ the World War as well as sending our sons estly assert that Henry Wallace Is ·interested ably to protect men, not against the wrong to engage in ·battle everywhere, not only on in enforcing in America the American type they do themselves, but against wrong done far-flung battle fronts, but are lending and of individual enterprise in order to carry out by others, and to promote the long, slow leasing to every other allied participant food, the American way of life, or the bureaucratic process of educating mind and character to clothing, munitions, and war equipment in type of state domination, imposing a condi­ a better knowledge and nobler standards of unbelievable numbers and amounts for their tion of servitude on the individual citizen life and conduct. We know all this, but when aid, use, and protection. as practiced today in continental Europe? we see how much misery there is in the world It is interesting to note that Russia has Henry Wallace's asserted Intention to· pro• and instinctively cry out against it, and when received seven or eight billions of dollars . ylde jobs for 60,000,06Q people o! his ap• yre forget how little· after all it is possible 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 1613 for any government to do, and to hold the veniences of other systems are forgotten or tion to his wearing such righteous robes, but particular government of the time and place ignored. I do object to his being accorded the price­ to a standard of responsibility which no gov­ "It is not unusual to see governmental less privilege of wearing the lowly Naza­ ernment can possibly meet. The chief motive methods reformed and after a time, long rene's sacred sandals while he is in a posi­ power which has-moved mankind· along the enough to forget the evils that caused the . tion to show a record of results achieved course of development that we call the prog­ change, to have a new movement for a re­ through divine inspiration which qualifies ress of civilization, has been the .sum total form which consists in changing back to sub­ him as a vital vice regent of the very God of int elligent selfishness in a vast number stantially the same old methods that were himself. of individuals, each working for his own sup­ cast out by the first reform. In view of the foregoing comments, it is port, his own gain, his own betterment. It "The recognition of shortcomings or in­ my conviction that when any consideration is that which has cleared the forests and conv:eniences in governmeht is not by itself is given by our Government to the subject of cultivated the fields, and built ships and rail· sufficient to waq-ant a change of system. world peace or peace treaties the first and roads, m ade the discoveries and inventions, There should also qe an effort to .estimate most essential and important thing to be covered the earth with commerce, softened a:nd com:pare the shortcomings and incon­ kept in mind is that our American way of life by intercourse the enmities of nations and veniences of the system to be substituted, and our opportunity for individual enter­ races, and made possible -the wonders of lit· fpr although they may be different, they will prise should be kept foremost in 'mind, and erature and of art. Gradually, during the certainly exist." that no treaty or agreement of any kind long process, selfishness has grown more in­ How true that is. The Ten Command­ should be entered i:nto which could by any telligent, with a broader view of individual ments of divine manqate, given to Moses on possibility submerge the American ideals and benefit from the common good, and grad­ Mount Sinai, are asserted by competent phi­ the right of the individual to develop him· ually the influences of nobler standards of losophers to be the most compelling influence self in his own way and that he be particu­ altruism, of justice, and human sympathy in mankind's attempt to improye abiding larly not subject to overwhelming and com­ have impressed themselves upon the con­ standards of behavior for that mankind to manding state direction and bureaucratic ception of right conduct among civilized observe. They have been supplemented by domination. men. But the complete control of such mo­ empirical law. Yet, men are murdered in It has been no wonder to me that the tives will be the millenium. Any attempt war and in peace times. This is no reason C. I. 0. supported Mr. Wallace so vigorously to enforce a millenia! standard now by law WhY they should be abandoned or ignored. and enthusiastically when his name was put must necessarily fail, and any judgment Under the system of private enterprise, it up for Vice President. which assumes government's responsibility is true that some businessmen are selfish, I read this letter to a farmer friend, of to enforce such a standard must be an un­ grasping, and unsocial in their views, and ·as mine up to the end of the foregoing para­ just judgment. Indeed, no such standard to their responsibilities. Is this any sound graph, with the idea of stopping there. can ever be forced. It m\)st come; not by reason to believe that under Hemry Wallace When I had finished reading it he wanted superior force, but from the changed nature such impulses among mankind will lose their to know in what way the American people of man, from his willingness to be altogether rancid abhorrence? would be better advised of the dangerous .Just and merciful. There is left much for people under the consequences of the "present trend" and A!so, it is not merely useless but injuri· American way of life to do in improving be­ what I meant by the foregoing words. I ex­ ous for government to attempt too niuch. yond any previous accomplishment of the plained to him what I had in mind. When I It is manifest that to enable it to deal with race, the social conditions of our time. Em­ had concluded, he told me to put the rea­ -the new conditions I have described, we must ployers of labor can cooperate to encourage sons for my fears of the present trend in this invest government with authority to inter­ irrdustry to assume as carrying charges· and letter as I stated them to him. Here they • fere with the individual conduct of the citi­ overhead, many burdens having for their are: zen to a degree hitherto unknown in this purpose the alleviation of human misery. Let us assume that Henry Wallace pos­ country. When government undertakes to . I believe such things can be accomplished, sesses some well-meant idealisms and has a give the individual citizen protection by reg­ but only when industry itself can make the heart full of good intentions. In connection u lat ing the conduct.of others toward him in money to pay such charges. Certainly pump­ with this admisSion, what reader of this ar­ the field where formerly he protected him· priming contributions under the guise of ticle remembers the emotional tribute by self by his freedom of contract; it is limiting Government loans cannot long endure as Walt Whitman to that great leader whom the liberty of the citizen whq_se conduct is chaos and bankruptcy· will surely result. Lloyd George said "belongs to the ages." 1 regulated and taking a step in the direction · Another thought: The abuse of power on quote Mr. Whitman: of pat ernal government. While the new con­ the part of the executive authority has been "One of the best commentators of Shake­ ditions of industrial life make it plainly the curse of the ages. Our Constitution at· speare makes the height and aggregate of his necessary that many such steps shall be tempted to limit the unrestrained exercise qualities as a poet to be that he thoroughly t aken, they should be taken only so far as of that power. The Congress of the United States. of America, of which you are a part, blended the ideal with the practical or t hey are necessary and are effective. Inter­ realistic. If this be so, I should say what ference with the individual liberty by gov­ is the only remaining bulwark left in our Shakespeare did in poetic expression, Abe ernment should be jealously watched andre­ America to protect our people from its abuse. Lincoln essentially did In his personal and strained, because the habit of undue inter­ I am not concerned with the personalities official life." ference destroys that independence of. char .. involved in the now famous Montgomery Ward controversy, but I am deeply distressed I sincerely believe that Henry Wallace acter with out which in its citizens no free wholly fails to possess those qualities which governme~t can endure. over the efforts of our Government officials to use the United States Army to appropriate are capable of blending the high ideals with "We should not forget that while institu­ the practical or realistic in life, and in the tions receive their form from national char­ a wholesale and retail business engaged in supplying peacetime needs, when no such economic world in particular. He therefore acter, they h ave a powerful reflex influence lacks the necessary qualities required to ad· upon that character. Just so· far as a nation a'uthority was ever granted by your body to engage i.n such a lawless act. All these things minister and direct the disposition on behalf allows its in stitutions to be molded by its of the American people of the huge reservoir weaknesses of character rather than by its dovetail together. Because from my view­ point the appointment of Henry Wallace will of liquid assets belonging to them, because strength, it creates an influence to increase we know these must be carefully nurtured in weakness at the expense of strength. result in the egregious use and abuse of the powers of his office to a manner and extent view of our tremendous national debt, if "The habit of undue interference by gov­ that was never contemplated by your body private entert~rise is to put in effect business ernment 1n private affairs breeds the habit when it passed the original legislation which policies created by it. such a program is ab­ of undue relian ce upon government in pri­ was the sole source of authority of the official solutely necessary if individual enterprise is vate affairs at the expense of individual ini­ to be permitted to so conduct its business as tiative, energy, enterprise, courage, inde· agent to act. I started this letter for the purpose of com­ to employ the maximum number of people pena ent manhood. plimenting you. In connection therewith, out of the wealth it will create and from its · "The strength of self-government and the I felt that I owed you the duty of stating own production. motive power of progress must be found in my reasons for supporting your present atti­ I do not regard the reappointment of Jesse the characters of the individual citizens who tude for opposing the Wallace appointment, Jones as essential. Some other individ'!lal ma.ke up a nation. Weaken individual char­ None of these reasons above stated may ap­ may fit into the present schem.e of things acter among people by comfortable reliance peal to you. But in this America of ours, better than would Mr. Jones. What we do upon paternal government and a nation soon feeling that I know and understand what my want, however, is someone who retains an becomes incapable of free belf-3overnment treasured ones are fighting for in tht:: active absolute faith in the principles of liberalism, and fit only to be governed; the higher and service of our common country's cause, I ot Locke,.- Smith, et al., as they were being nobler qualities of national life that make hope you will not consider it too forward of applied in America, and whose eyes and am .. for ideals and effort and achievement become me to express without any rancor whatever, bitions have not been diverted with frenzied atrophied and the nation is decadent. on behalf of one group of Americans, our adulation toward foreign ideological shrines. "In t h e nature of things all government sincere concern over what we believe 1s a Capital and big business should not control must be imperfect because men are im­ dangerous trend in our Government's present or unduly influence the administration of perfect. Every system has its shortcomings ·course. the· R. F. C. Some realistic man with an eye and inconvenienc~s; and these are seen and I have frequently heard Henry Wallace's devoted to big and small business alike, with felt as they exist in the system under which p-ersonality likened unto the second coming faith in an ever-expanding world, and the we live, while the shortcomings and incon- of · Jesus Christ. I -·have no ·personal obj'ec- . best ultlm~te interests and welfare o! the 1614 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 1· common people and the laborers to be. em-· eovertly exercised in our administration of­ European civilization. In the first place, played, will serve America better than government because of the infiuence of civil­ what we have always called our Colonial would the election of any man as the Presi­ ian public opinion. He has likewise studied Revolution was; generally speaking, no revo­ dent of the United States at this particular. national and world trends of the various lution at all. We accepted the common laW· time. nations existing in the world today, and has of England, with certain limitation, when Does our Government wish to underwrite a more complete understanding of the his­ we adopted the Constitution of the United the failures made by the visionary optimism torical backgrounds and dynamisms of the States, and the Magna Carta of England is· of so many individuals engaged in private. several nations in this troubled world of ours revered in America, just as it is in England. enterprise? No - government possibly could than any o:ther single man in America today; We are traditionists, pure and simple. In· do it without dragging down to a common What was his written warning to our west­ other words, the habits and cust oms of cen­ lev~l every successful unit of private enter- ern civilization as expressed briefly by him turies became traditions wit h us after a prise. _ about a year ago? I quote: long,· long time. Revolutions, scientifically Our American way of life is what is known "Whatever may be the future of interna­ defined, as applied to government, mean a among historians and philosophers as west­ tional relations, most Americans, I take it, complete change or turning upside down. ern civilization, where the waters and nutri­ will agree that our Republic, including all While we in America might have dug a new tion, encouraging individual development the values connected with it, is to be main­ channel, we diverted the same pure waters and enterprise, have been mainly responsible tained and that; the civilization which it rep­ .of liberty and individual rights as our Eng­ not only for the growth of the tree of that resents (western) is to be continually ad­ lish forefathers did. western civilization but for the bountiful­ vanced." Constitutional government, a government ness of the fruits of that tree in the way of How can this advice be followed if our of laws, identifies and distinguishes the gov­ advanced standards of living for the great­ Government 1n America is merged in· any ernments comprising western civilizations. est possible number of people. way, internationally, with Mr. Stalin's, or England has an unwritten constit ution based Our American institutions in their manner how can this advice be followed if we stand on the habits and customs long established of expressing and interpreting western civ­ by ~, nd permit the experimentation with by a homogeneous people, but it is a consti­ ilization mean simply the foregoing objec­ bureaucratic schemes of state domination tution just the same. When Washington tives if they mean anything. and control by bureau mandates which be­ frowned on military dictatorship, and there­ The tree of that civilization, together with long in Russia and should find no root for after presided at the convention which the trees which metaphorically represent the nourishment or encouragement in this Amer­ framed the Constitution of the United St ates, British Commonwealths of today, stand ican soil or ours? he left no doubt as to where he stood on the grouped together among the trees represent- In his early days, Mr. Stalin directed the subject, because he knew the danger of the • ing oth er Nations' civilization, some stunted, killing with dynamite of guardians of gov­ undelegated use of power. How wise and some bearing bitter fruit, but all comprising, ernment money in order to steal such money. statesmanlike he was. A..recent incident will nevertheless, the forest containing incon­ His present foreign Vice Commissar, Maxim explain his vision and wisdom. Much hulla­ gruous species which we call all together our Litvinoff, was jailed for passing some of this baloo and personal controversy have been world civilization. raised over the military seizure without court "hot" money. Mr. Stalin enforced the edict authority of the ·Montgomery Ward Co. The Such other Oriental or European trees of government by men over men as opposed mostly li¥e in an atmosphere where the in­ to a .government of laws to be enforced im­ case, after the seizure, finally was decided in dividual, his rights and his future activities, partially and under the rules of justice for Judge Phillip Sullivan's Federal ·court in exist in surroundings suppressively contained Chicago. He held that it was simply a ques­ observance by every individual alike. When · tion as to whether the people's representa­ ·in the firm steel frame and maUe_d grasp of Kerensky, who believed in democracy, came state discipline and tyrannical mandate, .even tives in Congress (including yourself) had into power in Russia, the great Democrat re­ by legislation delegated such power to the to the extent of liquidating the individual, leased Stalin from an Arctic ·prison camp · if he happens to oppose the majority senti­ President. He held the mere fact that Con­ only to find himself fleeing 6 months later gress had authorized the taking over of ment-a mild way of extending official mur­ in undisguised fear of being summarily dis- - industries engaged in produc~ion of certain der, in order to make easy the culmination of posed of by the very prisoner to whom he had the great cause. articles considered necessary to supply the extended mercy and freedom. armed services of the United States under What is that "cause" or "object"? I have Mr. St alin proceeded to ·denounce democ­ hunted for several years now for a definition certain situations, did not cover a civilian racy and to begin immediately the construe-· enterprise, not' engaged in such production, which I could reliably quote from the pen of tion of the socialist state, and gave instruc­ Mr. Stalin himself. I finally found it in but devoted to distrituting goods, wares. and tions to his monolithic party to bring to im­ merchandise after.. they had been produced his book on Leninism which I possess. I ,.mediate culmination a totalitarian govern­ quote: (study the following definition well.) by others and wholly sold for civilian con­ ing body. He packed every bureau of brutal sumption. It took just a whole lot of Irish "The dict atorship of the proletariat is the aut hority with his personal henchmen. He guts on the part of the Honorable Phillip Sul­ domination of the proletariat under the knew that the chief dynamism of socialism livan, appointee of President rl.oosevelt now bom·geoisie, untrammeled by law, based on was more and more control by the state over serving on the Federal bench at -Chicago, to violence, and enjoying the sympathy and the individual, knowing full well that after bow at the shrine of sheer patriotism and de­ support of the toiling masses. Democracy this single, sole party obtained complete con­ votion to the Constitution and hold that the under the capitalistic system is the democ­ trol, the state as such would wither away and power which the Chief Executive attempted racy of the exploiting minority." that every person within its dominion would ' to exercise through the military department Charles Beard is our greatest living and be at the complete mercy of the party with­ of our Government, was not granted by the most highly respected United States histo­ out any established constitutional rights to Congress of the United States. His dec:sion rian He has from time to time attacked and protect them. What provision did he make was clearly right. bitterly denounced here and there evidences for free speech, free press, and the protec­ Fo'r some years now we citizens of Ameri­ of the mal-exercise of power by, and the tion of the minority? His record rs the best ca have been successively feeling and inhal­ · greed of, certain capitalists, just as he still evidence. The minorities who have opposed ing the smothering effects c-F bureaucratic condemns murder as a violation of 'the Ten him have either been jailed, exiled, or killed. domination and regimentation in this Gov­ Commandments. He has witnessed through As individuals they could claim no civil lib­ ernment of ours. The words quoted from the power of infiuence of public opinion alone erties whatever, nor religious liberties, either, the lips of Mr. Wallace near the beginning of the enactment in 1913 of a Federal income for that matter. He has murdered thousands this letter show plainly where he stands in tax revenue measure imposing · a tax- of 2 of prosperous peasants (Sulaks), and has .connection with his peaceful effort to domi­ percent on certain individual's, corporation's, starved to death by withholding wheat from nate, shackle,· and strait jacket the citizen­ and partnership's incomes. (It is interesting 3,600,000 peasants who sincerely objected to ship and especially the farmers of America in to recollect that the famous attorney, Mr. collectivism, and 1n the great purge, brutally order ·to enforce his idealism ·on them. Choate, bitterly argued the unconstitutional­ liquidated a million Communists who op~ What does his elevation to the position of ity of this act before the Supreme Court of posed his policies. His orgies became so Secretary of Commerce and dominating head_ the United States on the ma]or ground that bloody Lady Astor was moved, exasperatingly, of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation if Congress could impose a 2 percent tax to interrogate him as follows: "When are mean to the average citizen in America? for the aforesaid purposes, 1-t could later you going to . stop killing people?" Un­ Let us retlect a moment. We are now told on increase such tax to 10 or 20 percent of abashed, he snapped back: "When it is no on good authority that the R. F. C. alone h as the income described in the foregoing leg- · longer necessary." His henchmen, under his in its possession and control $45,000,000,- islation, and this, in Mr. Choate's judgment, direction dictated the policies, editorials, and 000 in assets belonging to us and which we would amount to confiscation.) Since the news l..ppearing in every newspaper pub­ as taxpayers have made pcssible. Roughly enactment of that legislation Mr. Beard had lished in his realm. Is it any wonder a speaking this amounts to $1,000 for every observed a depletion of estates by inherit­ prominent Russian obser-ved recently in the family existing in America. The average­ ance-tax exaction, and of yearly incomes United States of America: "You have to read head of a family knows what it means to by taxes thereon, until today, in excess of the American newspapers to Jearn what is work and by the use of thrift and sacrifice, 90 percent of the largest of incomes, and really going on 1~ Russia." save $1,000. I am quite sure if this fact inherited estates, may be legally set aside At this point I think there should be were brought home to the various heads of and extracted for Government use and ex­ pointed out the distinguishing contrast 1n the families in America, and they were asked penditure. Mr. Beard has likewise witnessed . habit, custom, and method of preserving ob­ for an opinion as to whether Mr. Wallace's the elimination of many abuses of power jectives between western and oriental or nomination for the foregoing position should 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~SENATE 1615 be confirmed or rejected, they would study a degree not now capable of estimation. Their think that he deliberately wrote it _on the long time before deciding to let their $1,000 ultimate resentment will be shock producing, sour note of political machinations to call an interest in the huge reservoir of national I know you will probably not agree with many alarming situation to the attention of the assets be handled by Henry -Wallace. He tliings I have said, but ·I cannot resist the' Senate and the country. has· already testified before your body. He temptation first to give you every encourage· . Congress made a tragic mistake when . it is going to provide jobs whether, or not and ment possible in tlle stand. you have taken. gave the Reconstruction Finance Corporation he is not interested particularly in whether · I also felt it was an obligation of true sports­ the power of life and death over the economy the so-called private enterprise he expects to manship to advise you frankly and in detail of this country and an even greater mistake underwrite malces money or not, so long as of my reasons for opposing Mr. Wallace's con­ when it placed it ln the President's Cabinet. it provides jobs. My prediction is that if he firmation. More power to you. I am not In the hands of Jesse Jones that power was Ehould be placed at the head of the R. F. C. exaggerating the fact at all when I say to you not abused, but even so in a democracy, such he will be encouraging a lot of so-called that, according to the sentiments that have power should not be held by any man. private enterprises which will compete with been so frequently expressed to me by Colo- In this connection, · it is interesting to private enterprises already in existence, and . rado citizens, Republicans and Democrats note that in the Senate vote on the Wallace which are self-supporting, and pay their aliJte, they are overwhelmingly behind· you in confirmation, nine Republicans voted for own way. The result will be chaos, even the stand you h~ve taken. I also believe a Wallace; one gave up his vote to pair with among our most prosperous private enter­ respect for your past and present courage will increase as time goes on and that in Colo­ an absent Democratic Wallace supporter; prise establishments. We have some pretty and one Republican who was absent was strong individualists in this State, Senator rado's tuture history you will be appraised as one of her all-time foremost statesmen announced as supporting Henry Wallace. JoHNSON, and also the biggest .percentage Thus one out of every three Republicans was · of independent voters north of the Mason among both the Democratic and Republican and Dixon line. It has not \lone l\1r. Wal­ Parties alike. a Wallace supporter. A partisan political matter, spelled out by lace's cause much good in Co~orado when We started out in these United States to fathers and mothers of sons and daughters preserve civilian supremacy over the threat the President as "ward politics," is before the Senate for approval, and the Republicans eng~ge d in real tough war service read that of a possible military dictatorship. That he was a guest of Sidney Hillman and the civilian suprEmacy has survived, but today, did not rally as one man to oppose it. In latter's Political Action Committee, and sym­ as never before, it faces the threat of bu­ fact, every third Republican supported this path:zers in New York City the other night, · reaucratic supremacy which has a way of in­ open-spoils system politics and this threat and went all out in explaining his ideological sulating itself from the will of the people to our traditional free enterprise system, notions, ably supported by the personal pres­ and is beyond the direct reach of their ballots which has mads America the wonder Nation ence and enthusiastic hand-clapping of bec'luse bureaucratic officials are appointed of the world. The case is clear. Congress Eleanor Roosevelt, the while fortified with a and not e:ected officers. When the Am:'!rican must take the tremendous power centered telegram of 1,000-percent baclcing in any­ people learn that in a republic bureaus, mas­ in the Reconstruction Finance Corporation thing Mr. Wallace wanted to do, signed by querading as benefactors of our citizenship, out of the Presiden~s Cabinet and place close the President himself. can bring about totalitarianism and a regi­ congressional safeguards about it. Sidney Hillma:n, the host of Mr. Wallace mentation of the individual, it will not take The pressure on Democratic Senators to· at the New Yorlc -banquet, is now abroad en­ them long to obstruct the trend. The people· confirm Wallace was tremendous, but enough couraging the formation of an international whose sons and . daughters are daily risking of us stood pat until It was agreed to re­ labor organization.. It will be interesting their lives on far-flung battle fronts to pre- ~ move the control of the Reconstruction to learn how the Russian labor organiza­ serve the American way of life are conscien­ Finance Corporation from the Department tions which are a p:ut of Mr. Stalin's gov­ tiously reappraising the real values of that of Commerce. When this is done by law, ern~ent and are under his complete domi­ way of life, and when. they get intelligently Wallace will be confirmed Secretary with­ nation, will be able to adjust their philoso· oriented this America of ours will steer a cut much trouble, since many S:matoi:s who phies to those of our western civilization? safe, sane course. do not support the Wallace political phi­ To put it in another way: If Henry Wal· The valiant course you are taking in stem­ losophy feel that any President should have lace is confirmed as head of the R. F. C., ming the trend toward State regimentation a Cabinet of his choosing. gone forever is the business formula by stamps you and your record as one of the In your lengthy and painstaking analysis which America has reached the most stu­ outstanding contributions made by any of the issues involved, you have brought pendous heights ever reached by any na­ American statesman of our time. With best personal regards, I remain, · forth ~ an unanswerable and overwhelming tion in any economic world. That formula. argument against the confirmation of Mr. simply stated is: Sincerely yours, CHARLES J. MOYNIHAN, Wallace to control the greatest banking in· (a) To make or produce things and services stitution ever to exist on earth-the Re­ for people, and through mass production, re­ construction Finance Corporation. I am duce the cost, thus extending the purchase UNITED STATES SENATE, Washington, D . C., February 15, 1915. grateful to you for your comprehensive range amongthe greatest possible number of and ably documented statement. customers or patrons; Mr. CHARLES J. MOYNIHAN, . Attorney at Law, Montrose, Colo. Sincerely, (b) To provide jobs for people; and E. C. JoHNSON. (c) To malce profits for the owners. DEAR CHARLES: I have read your letter re­ (d) Such profits to be taxes for social pur­ specting the confirmation of Henry A. Wal­ Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, in view of poses. lace wlth deep interest and wholehearted the remarks of the Senator from Maine I contend that America has been able to approval insofar as it applies to the R. F. C. and other lending agencies. When the [Mr. BREWSTER], I should lil{e to insert supply the demand for taxes for social pur­ in the RECORD a statement regarding the poses solely because of the ingenuity and apt­ Hoover administration created the Recon­ ness of our leaders in private enterprise who struction Finance Corporation, they created seven nominations of Cabinet officers have produced these profits, without which so an instrument which with a little more com·­ which have been rejected by the Senate much humanitarian and social advancement age and vision might have averted the acute­ since very early days: could not have been attained. We have be­ ness of the depression. They applied its First, Roger B. Taney, of Maryland, come so paralyzed in our thinking while self­ almost limitless possibilities with such fear and trembling that the New Deal became was nominated by President Jackson as indulging and experimenting with borrowed Secretary of the Treasury, and the nomi­ money that we have become unmindful of inevitable. Our mutual- friend, Wilson Mc­ the age-old warning, "Pay as you go," because Carthy, who was on the Reconstruction nation was rejected on June 24; 1834, we are fast approaching the time where, lilte Finance Board, at that time agrees with !11-e Caleb Cushing, of Massachusetts, was an Irish blackthorn club, it will hit us with respect to the foregoing. nominated by President Tyler to be Se.c­ squarely between the eyes. All one needs to From the very first the Reconstruction retary of the Treasury. · His nomination do is to remember that after the present war Finance Corporation has been in the hands was three times submitted to the Senate. ends we shall owe at least 10 times the of safe and sound businessmen. Congress, and was three times rejected, all on amount of the indebtedness resulting from as confidence in it grew, has entrusted it with the last war. We may adjust our food, cloth­ more and more power until at the present March 3, 1843. ing, and housing requirements to fix a time it can control American industry if so David Henshaw, of Massachusetts, was shrinking income, but we cannot avoid a inclined. nominated by President Tyler to be Sec­ fixed Government overhead 10 times greater · The Wallace crowd were quick to see this, retary of the Navy. His nomination was than the one that eventually faced us after and they put over some fast and furious rejected on January 15, 1844. the l~st war and bore us down. political maneuvering t.hat has equalled any­ If Mr. Wallace becomes head of the R. F. C., thing the world has yet seen in the line of James Madison Porter, of Pennsyl· there is no question but that Sidney Hillman political intrigue. Apparently the President vania, was nominated by President Tyler will write into every contract of employment became obligated to them and was their to be Secretary of War, and his nomi­ the unilateral provisions thereof, when any victim. He extricated himself by the most nation was rejected on January 30, 1844. industry owned or controlled by the R. F. C., awkward and naive, yet politically · shrewd, James S. Green, of New Jersey, was or which is a heavy debtor thereto, with the letter ever written by any President of the ultimate result that the sensibility and faith United States. Mr. Roosevelt is too smart nominated by President Tyler to be Sec.: to not have had a purpose in the shocking retary of the Treasury, and his nomina­ of the average American in our western civ·1 ilization will be shocked and tormented to a disclosures of hfs letter to Jesse Jones. · I tion was reJected on June- 15, 1844,. 1616 CONGRESSIONAL RE.CORD--SENATE MARCH I Henry Stanbery, of Ohio, was nomi­ to the Inter-American Conference in regularly engaged in an agricultural oc­ cupation. The wording of the law follows: nated by President Johnson to be Attar-· Mexico. "(k) Every registrant found by a selective­ ney General, and his nomination was re­ The result was announced-yeas 56, service local board, subject to appeal in jected on June 2, 1868. nays 32, as follows: · accordance with section 10 (a } (2), to be ­ Charles Beecher Warren, of Michigan, YEA&-56 necessary to and regularly engaged in lJ,n was on two occasions nominated by Pres­ Aiken Hatch Myers agricultural occupation or endeavor essen_­ ident Coolidge to be Attorney General. · Bailey Hayden O'Mahoney tial to the war effort, shall be deferred from His first nomination, made on March 5, Ball Hill Overton training and service in the land an d naval Bankhead Hoey Pepper forces so long as he remains so engaged and 1925, was rejected on March 10, 1925. Barkley Johnson, Colo. Radcliffe until such time as a satisfactory replace­ He was again nominated on March 12, Bilbo Johnston, S. C. Russell · Brewster Kilgore Sa.ltonsta.ll ment can be obtained: Provided, That should 1925, and his nomination was again re­ Briggs La Follette Shipstead any such person leave such occupation or jected on March 16, 1925. Chandler Langer Taylor endeavor, except for induct ion into the land Mr. BREWSTER. Mr. President, I do Chavez McClellan Thomas, Okla. or naval forces under this act, h is -selective­ not gather ·that the Senator from Ohio Downey McFarland Thomas, Utah service local board, subject to appeal in ac­ Eastland McMahon Tobey cordance with 1section 10 (a ) (2), shall intended his statement as an indication Ellender Magnuson Tunnell of the incorrectness of my statement re­ Fulbright . Maybanlt Tydings reclassify such registrant in · a class imme­ garding what has been done in the past George Mead Wagner diately as available for milit ary sel'Vice, un­ Gerry Mitchell Walsh less prior to leaving such occupation or en­ century, since only two of the instances Green Morse Wheeler deavor he req.uests such local board _to he has cited come within the past cen­ Guffey Murdock Wilson determine, and such local board, subject to tury, and in both those instances ques­ Hart Murray appeal in accordance wit h section 10 (a) (2), tion was raised as to whether the private NAY8-32 det ermines, that it is in the best interest interests of the individual would not sug­ Bridges Gurney Robertson of the war effort for him to leave such occu- gest prejudice in the performance of his Buck Hawkes Smith pation of endeavor for other work." · Burton Hlckenlooper Stewart When the Tydings amendment was public duty. Bushfield Johnson, Calif. Taft adopted it had become increasingly apparent I think the practice of this century Butler McCarran Thomas, Idaho that a continued and unlimited induction may well invite the sympathetic consid­ Byrd McKellar Vandenberg of farmers and farm laborers into tpe armed Capehart Millikin Wherry eration of the Senate when we recognize Capper Moore White forces would endanger t h e necessary food . the hundreds of men who have served Cordon O'Daniel Wiley supply for the United Stat es. during that period and the number of Donnell Reed Willis At the time the Tydings amendment was very violent social and economic dis­ Ferguson Revercomb discussed in Congress nothing was said about agreements which undoubtedly have oc­ NOT VOTING-8 th ~ importance of commercial fishing and fishing industries. curred during the many turbulent pe­ Andrews Connally Moses riods which have transpired. Austin Glass Scrogham 'l'he following data should be kept in mind: Brooks Lucas In 1940, 4,200,000,000 pounds of fish were The VICE PRESIDENT.' The .question consumed in the United States, while the is, Will the Senate advise and consent to So the nomination of Henry A. Wal­ consumption of meat was 18,700,000,000. the nomination of Henry A. Wallace, of lace, of Iowa, to be Secretary of Com­ pounds. This ratio of about 23:100 has Iowa, to be Secretary of Commerce? merce was confirmed. changed tremendously. According to the Mr. HILL and other Senators asked The VICE PRESIDENT; The clerk Office of Price Administration's statistics, for the yeas and nays. will proceed to state the further nomi­ 127 pounds of meat will be available per per.­ . The yeas and nays were ordered, and son in 1945 as compared with 148 pounds nations on the Executive Calendar. available in 1944. The differen ce has to .be the legislative clerk proceeded to call POSTMASTERS made good by other foodst uffs, of which fish the roll. The legislative clerk proceeded to read is the most important. Mr. WIDTE harmacy Corps Raymond W. Noble, Frederalsburg, Md., in produce. ' (temporary lieutenant colonel), with rank place of J. A. Johnson, transferred. "Last year in the California pilchard indus­ from March 4, 1945. / try the product per man was 500,'000 pounds. .First Lt. Ennis Dallas Sandberg, Pharmacy MICHIGAN That is 10 times as much food as the most Corps (temporary major), with rank from . Mabel D. Hartman, Baroda, Mich.,-in place productive farm industry can produce." March 4, 1945. of M.P.-Ladwig, deceased. 1618 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 1·

Kathleen I. Adams, Lachine, Mich. Omce DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Accordingly (at 12 o'clock and 4 min­ became Presidential July 1, 1944. Henry A. Wallace to be Secretary of Com­ utes p. m.) the House stood in recess sub­ Martha Compeau, Munger, Mich. Ofilce merce. ject to the C5l-ll of the Chair. became Presidential July 1, 1944. PosTMASTERS JOINT MEETING OF THE SENATE AND MISSOURI MAINE HOUSE Horace Walker Ames, DeSoto, Mo., in place H. Emily Cunningham, Damariscotta Mills. of R. W. Marsden, resigned. At 12 o'clock and 16 minutes p. m. the Louis P.Hubert, Florissant, Mo., in place of NEW YORK Doorkeeper, Mr. Ralph R. Roberts, an- · A. M. Pondrom, transferred. Martin E. Couillou, East Northport. nounced the Vice President of the United Burl P. Mitchell, Seligman, Mo., in place Jess J. Lantry, Hogansburg, States and the Members of the United of Z. S. Northcutt, transferred. Daniel P. Doran, Jordan. States Senate. MONTANA OKLAHOMA The Members of the House rose. Martha P. McCrory, Kevin, Mont., in place Goldie R. Strain, Wann. The Senate, preceded by the Vice Pres­ of E. C. Hoclrman, resigned. ident and by their Secretary and Ser­ • NEW JERSEY WITHDRAWAL geant at Arms, entered the Chamber. Richard F. McMahon, Montclair, N. J., in Executive nomination withdrawn from The VICE PRESIDENT took the chair place of P. J. Egan, resigned. at the right of the Speaker pro tempore, Edward J. Jennings, Trenton, N. J., in the Senate March 1 (legislative day of February 26), 1945: Mr. McCORMACK, and the Members of the place of J. M. Carwn, deceased. Senate took the seats reserved for them. NEW YORK POSTMASTER The SPEAKER pro tempore. On be­ KENTUCKY George E. Hlavac, Bohemia, N. Y. Office half of the House, the Chai~ appoints became Presidential July 1, 1943. J. Logan Warren to be postmaster at Me· the following Members of the House as Henry, in the State of Kentucky. NORTH DAKOTA a committee to escort the President Harold R. McKechnie, Calvin, N.Dak. Of· into the Chamber: The gentleme..n from fice became Presidential July 1, 1944. Georgia [Mr. RAMSPECKJ, the gentleman OKLAHOMA HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES from North Carolina [Mr. . DouGHTONJ, Myrl J . Finch, Tupelo, Okla. Office became and the gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. MARTIN]. \ Presidential July 1, 1944. THURSDAY, MARCH 1, 1945 PENNSYLVANIA The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair Ann K. Hunt, Darlington, Pa., in place of The House met at 12 o'clock noon, and appoints the senior S~nator from· Ken­ A. K. Hunt, resigned. was called to order by the Speaker pro ·tucky [Mr. BARKLEY], the senior Sena­ Edla. N. Huffman, Marshalls Creek, Pa.., lu tempore, Mr. McCoRMACK. tor from Maine [Mr. WHITE], and the place of Norman Huffman, deceased. The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera senior Senator from Tennessee [Mr. Mc­ Orvllla M. Hardican, Secane, Pa. Office be­ Montgomery, D. D., offered the following KELLAR] as a committee on the part of came President1al July 1, 1944. prayer: the Senate to conduct the President into Goldie H. Wright, Wind Ridge, Pa. Office the Chamber. became Presidential July 1, 1944. Our blessed Galilean Master, as we At 12 o'clock and 29 minutes p. m. . PUERTO RICO follow Thy teaching, grant that we may the Doorkeeper announced the Cabinet Marla C. Abraham, Aibonito, P. R.,in place be duty-minded, that we may love people of the President of the United States. of N. 0. Lebron, retired. and strive to meet their deepest needs. The members of the Cabinet of the RHODE ISLAND As advance guards of the forces of light President entered the Chamber and took Mildred B. Beaudreau, West Kingston, R.I., J~,nd good wiil, help us to leaven the lives the seats reserved for them in front of in place of G. S. Groome, resigned. of those whom we touch. In the midst of the Speaker's rostrum. these perverse times, when men are SOUTH 'DAKOTA ground down under the heel of tyranny, At 12 o'clock and 31 minutes p. m. Leona H. Becket, Nisland, S. Dak. Office 0 let us hear the voice of Him crying in the President of the United States, es­ became P.Lesidential JulY. 1, 1943. the wilderness: "Prepare ye the way of corted by the c.ommittee of Senators and TENNESEEE the Lord and make straight His paths." Representatives, entered the Hall of the Sam Spencer, Burns, Tenn. Office became Let us adorn our position by living the House amidst prolonged applause. Presidential July 1, 1944. truth in beauty, blameless, without re­ The SPEAKER pro tempore

conclusi_ons reached at that place called There was on all sides at this Confer­ We know, of course, that it was Hit~ Yalta, and give them your active sup7 ence an enthusiastic effort to reach an ler's hope and the German war lords' port, the meeting will pot have produced agreement. Since the time of Tehran, hope that we .would not agree-that some lasting results. And that is why I have a year ago, there had developed among slight crack might appear in the solid come before you at the earliest hour I all of us-what shall I call it?-a greater wall of Allied unity, a crack that would could after my return. I want to make facility in negotiating with each other give him and his fellow gangsters one a personal report to you and at the same that augurs well for the ·peace of the last hope of escaping their just doom. time to the people of the country. world; we know each other better. That is the objective for which his propa­ Many months of earnest work are I have never for an instant wavered in ganda machine has been working for ahead of us all, and l should like to my belief that an agreement to insure many months. But Hitler has failed. feel that when the last stone is laid on world peace and security can be reached. [Applause.] the structure of international peace it There were a number of things that we Never before have the major allies. will be an achievement toward which did that were concrete, that were defi­ been more closely united-not only in all of us in America have worked stead­ nite; for instance, the lapse of time be­ their war aims but also in their peace fastly and unselfishly together. tween Tehran and Yalta without confer­ aims. And they are determined to con- I am returning from this trip that ences of repre_sentatives, of .civilian rep­ - tiime to be united, to be united with each took me so far, refreshed and inspired. resentatives pf the three major powers, other-and with all peace-loving na­ I was well the entire, time. I was not ill has proved to be too long-14 months. tions-so that the ideal of-lasting peace for a second untii i arrived back in During that long period local problems will -become a reality. Washington, and here I heard all of the were permitted to become acute in places The Soviet, and British, and United rumors which had occurred in my ab­ like Poland, Greece, Italy, and Yugo­ States Chiefs of Staff held daily meetings sence. [Laughter.] . .Yes; I returned slavia. with each other. They conferred fre­ from the trip refreshed and inspired. Therefore, we decided ·at Yalta that quently with Marshal Stalin, Prime Min­ The Roosevelts are not, as you may sus­ even if circumstances made it impossible ister Churchill, and with me on·the prob­ pect, averse to travel Daughter]; we for the heads of the three governments lem of coordinating the strategic and seem to thrive OlJ. it. [Applause.] to meet more often in the future, we tactical efforts of the Allied Powers. And far away as I was, I was kept con­ would make sure that there ·would be They completed their plans for the final stantly informed of affairs in the United more frequent personal contacts for ex­ knock-out blows 'to Germany. · States. The modern miracles of rapid change of views between the secretaries At the time of the Tehran Confer­ communication have made this world of -state and the foreign ministers of ence, the Russian front, for instance, very small. We must always bear in these three powers. was removed so far from the American ·mind that ·fact W.ben we speak or think We arranged for periodic meetings at and British fronts that, while certain of international ,relations. I received a intervals of 3 or 4 months. I feel long-range strategic cooperation was steady stream of messages from Wash­ very confident that under this arrange­ possible, there could be no tactical, day­ ington, I might say from not only the ment there will be no recurrences of the by-day coordination. They were too far executive branch with all its depart­ incidents which this winter disturbed the apart. But Russian troops have now ments, but also from the legislative friends of world-wide cooperation and crossed Poland. They are fighting on the~ branch in its two departments; and ex­ collaboration. eastern soil of Germany herself; British cept where radio silence was necessary When we met at Yalta, in addition to and American troops are now on German for security purposes I could continuously laying out strategic and tactical plans soil close to the Rhine River in the west. send messages any place in the world; for the complete and final military vic­ It is a different situation today from and, of course, "in a grave emergency we tory over ·Germany, there were other what it was 14 months ago. A closer could even have risked the breaking of problems of vital political consequence. tactical liaison has become possible for the security rule. the first time in Europe. That was some­ I come from the Crimean Conference For instance, first there was the prob­ thing else that was accomplished in the with a firm belief that we have ma·de a lem of the occupation and control of Crimean Conference. good start on the 'road to a world of Germany after victory, the complete de­ Provision was made for daily exchange peace. There were two main purposes struction of her military power, and .the of information between the armies un­ in this Crimean Conference: the first assurance that neither nazi-ism nor der the command of General Eisenhower was to bring defeat to Germany with the Prussian militarism could again be re­ on the Western front and those armies greatest possible speed and ·the smallest vived to threaten the peace and civiliza­ under the command of the Soviet mar­ possible loss of Allied men. That pur­ tion of the world. [Applause.] shals on that long Eastern front, and pose is now being ·carried out in great Secondly, again for example, there was also with our armies in Italy_:_without force . . The Germany Army, the German the settlement of the few differences that the necessity of going through the Chiefs people are feeling the ever-increasing remained among us with respect to the of Staff in Washington or London as in might of our fighting men and of the international security organization after the past. Allied Armies; and every hour gives us the Dumbarton Oaks Conference. As You have seen one result of this ex­ ~dded pride in the heroic advance of our you remember, at that time and after­ change of information in the recent troops in Germany on German soil to­ ward, I said we had agreed· 90 percent. bombings by American and English air­ That is a pretty good percentage. I ward ~ meeting with the gallant Red craft of points which are directly related Army. think the other-10 percent was ironed out to the Russi'an advance on Berlin. The second purpose was to continue to at Yalta. · · · · From now on, American and British build the foundation for an international Thirdly, there were the general politi­ heavy bombers will be used-in the daY­ accord that would · bring o'i·der and cal and economic problems common to by-day tactics of the war. We have be­ security after the chaos of the war, that all of the areas that would be in the fu­ gun to realize, I think; that there is all would give · some assurance of lasting ture, or which have beer~, liberated from the difference in the world between tac­ peace among the . nations of the world . . the Nazi yoke. We ove:~; here find it very tics on the one side and strategy on the Toward that goal a tremendous stride difficult to understand the ramifications other-day-by-day tactical war in di­ was made. of many of these problems in foreign rect support of Soviet armies· as well as At Tehran a little over a year ago lands, but we are trying to. in the support of our own on the Western there were long-range military plans laid Fourth, there were the special prob­ front. by the Chiefs of Staff of the three most lems created by ·Poland· and Yugoslavia. They are now engaged in bombing and powerful nations. Among the civilian Days were spent in discussing these strafing in order to hamper the move­ leaders at Tehran, however, at that momentous matters, and we argued ment of German reserves, German ma­ time there were only exchanges of views freely and frankly across the table. But terials to the Eastern and Western fronts and expressions of opinion. · No political at the end on every ·point unanimous from other parts of Germany or from . arrangements were made, and none was. agreement was reached. And more im­ Italy. attempted. portant even than the agreement of Arrangements have been made for the At the Crimean Conference, however, words, I may say we achieved a unity of most effective distribution of all avail­ the time had come for getting .down ~o tho\lght and a way of getting along to­ able material and. transpo.rtation to the specific cases in the political field. [ether,- . ~plaus~ places where they can best be used in 1620 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 1

"the combined war effor~American, By compelling reparations in kind-in ments at the Crimean Confere:ace were British, and Russian. plants, in machinery, in rolling stock, in the agreements reached with respect to a The details of _these plans and ar­ raw materials-we shall avoid the mis­ general international organization for rangements are military secrets, of takes that we and _other people....:_other lasting world peace. The · foundations course; but tQis t-ying of things in to­ nations-made after the last war, the were laid at Dumbarton Oaks. There gether is going to hasten the· day of the demanding of reparations in the form of was one point, however, on which agree­ final collapse of Germany. -The Nazis money which Germany could never pay. ment was not reached. It involved the . are . learning about some of them al­ We do not want the German people to procedure of voting-of voting in the Se­ ready, to their sorrow, and I think all starve, or to become a burden on the rest cuti'ty Council. I want to· try to make three of us at the conference felt that of the world. - it clear by making it simple. It took they will learn more about them- tomor­ Our objective in handling Germany me hours and hours to get the thing row, and the next day, and the day after is simple-it is to secure the peace of straight in my own mind-and many that. [Applause.] · : ·the rest of the world now and iti the conferences. There will be no respite from these at­ ·future. Too much experience has shown At the Crimean Conference, the Amer­ tacks. We will not desist for one nlo­ ·that that objective is impo!:isible if Ger­ icans made a proposal-a proposal on the ment until unconditional surrender. many is allowed to retain any ability to subject which, after full discussion, I am [Applause.l · wage aggressive warfare . . [Applause.] glad to say was unanimously adopted You know, I have always felt that com­ . These objectives will not hurt the Ger­ by the other two·nations. mon sense prevails in the long run­ man people. On the contrary, they will It is not yet possible to announce the quiet, over-night thinking. I think that protect them from a repetition of the terms of it publicly, but it will be in a is true in German-y Just as much as it fate which the General Staff and Kaiser­ very short time. is here. The German people as well as ism imposed on them before, and which When the conclusions reached with re­ 'the German soldiers must realize that Hitlerism is now imposing upon them spect to voting are made known i think the sooner~the sooner they give up and again a hundredfold. It will be remov­ and I hope that you will find them fair­ surrender~surrender by groups or as in­ ing a cancer from the German body po- · that you will find them a fair solution dividuals, the sooner their present agony litic, which for generations has produced of this complicated· and difficult prob­ will be over. They must realize that only misery, only pain, for the whole lem-! might almost, .say a legislative only ~ world. with complete surrender can they problem. They ar~ founded in justice, ·begin to reestablish themselves as people During my stay in Yalta, I saw the and will go far to insUte international co­ whom the world might accept as decent kind of reckless, senseless fury and ter­ neighbors. rible destruction which comes out of operation for the maintenance of peace. We made it clear again at Yalta, and German militarism. Yalta on the B1ack · There is going· to be held, you know­ I now repeat-that unconditional sur­ Sea had no military significance of any after we have straightened that voting render does not mean the destruction or kind. It had no defense. matter out-in San Francisco a meeting enslavement of the German people. The Before the last war it had been a of all the United Nations of the world Nazi leaders have deliberately withheld resort-a resort for people like the Czars, on the 25th of April. There, we all hope, that p·art of the Yalta declaration from and princes, and aristocracy, and the and confidently expect, to execute a the German press and radio. They seek hangers-on. However, after the war, - definite charter of organization· under to convince the people of Germany that after the Red revolution, and until the which the peace of the world will be pre­ the Yalta declaration does mean slavery attacl{ on the Soviet Union by Hitler a served and the forces of aggression per­ and destruction for them. They are few years ago, the palaces and the villas manently outlawed. . working at it day and night, for that is of Yalta had been used as a rest and This time we are not making the mis­ how the Nazi hope to save their own recreation center by the Russian people. take of waiting uritil the end of the war skins-to deceive their people into con­ The Nazi officers took over the former to set up the machinery of peace. This tinued and useless resistance. palaces and villas for their own use. The time, as we fight together to win the We did, however, make it clear at the only ·reason that the so-called palace of war finally, we work together to keep conference just what unconditional sur­ the former Czar was still habitable when. it from happening again. render does mean for Germany. we got there was that it had been given­ As you know, I have always been a be­ It means the temporary control of Ger­ or he thought it had been given-to a liever in the document called the Consti­ many by Great Britain, Russia, France, German general for his own property tution. I spent a good deal of time in and the United States. Each of these and his own use. And when the rest of educating two other nations of the world nations will occupy and control a sepa­ Yalta was destroyed, he kept soldiers with regard to the Constitution of the rate zone of Germany-and the admin­ there to protect what he thought had United States-that the charter has to istration of the four zones will be co­ become his own personal villa. be and shou~d be approved by the Senate ordinated-coordinated in Berlin by a When the Red army forced the Nazis of the United States under the Consti­ Control Council composed of the repre­ out of the Crimea almost a year ago last tution. I think the other nations of the sentatives of the four nations. April, it was found that all of the palaces world know it now. [Laughter.] I am Unconditional surrender means some­ were looted by the Nazis, and then nearly aware of that fact and now all the other thing else. It means the end __of nazi-ism. all of them were destroyed by bombs nations are. And we hope the Senate [Applause.] It means the end of the placed on the inside. Even the hum­ will approve what is set forth as the Nazi Party and all of its barbaric laws blest of the homes of Yalta were not charter of the United Nations when they and institutions. spared. all come together in San Francisco next It nieans the termination of all mili­ There was little left of it except blank month. taristic infiuence in the public, private, walls, ruins, destruction. The Senate of th'e United States, and cultural life of Germany. Sevastopol-that was a fortified port through its appropriate representatives, It means for _the Nazi war criminals a about 40 or 50 miles away-there again has been kept continuously advised of the­ punishment that is speedy and just-and was a scene of utter destruction of a program of this Government in the cre­ severe. large city and great navy yards and ation of the International Security Or­ It means the complete disarmament -great fortifications. I think less than a ganization. of Germany; the destruction of its mili­ dozen buildings were left intact in the The Senate and the House will both be tarism and its military equipment: the entire city. represented at the San Francisco Con­ end of its production of armament; the I had read about Warsaw and Lidice ference. The congressional delegates dispersal of all of its armed forces; the and Rotterdam arid _Coventry, but I saw will consi-st of an equal number of permanent dismemberment of the Ger­ Sevastopol and Yalta! And I know there Republican and Democratic members. man General Staff which has so often is not room enough on earth for both The American delegation is, in every shattered the peace of the world. German militarism and Christian de­ sense of the word, bipartisan because It means that Germany w1ll have to cency. [Applause.] world peace is not exactly a party ques­ make reparations-reparations in kind But-to go on with the story which tion. I think that Republicans want for the damage which it has done to the I hope to do in under an hour-of equal peace just as much as Democrats. [Ap­ 1nnocent victims of its aggression. · importance with the military arrange- plause.] It is not a party question any 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD"-I-IOUSE 1621 more than is military victory-the win- They will endeavor to see to it that in- Russia, by Britain, and by me. The ob­ ning of the war. . . terim governments-the people who jective of making Poland a strong, inde­ When the Republic was threatened, carry on the interim governments be­ pendent, and prosperous nation with a first by the Nazi clutch for world con­ tw!=!en the occupation of Germany and government ultimately to be selected. by quest back in 1939 and 1940 and then by the day of true independence-will be as the Polish people themselves. the Japanese treachery in 1941, parti­ representative as possible of ail demo­ To achieve this objective, it was neces­ sanship and politics were laid aside by cratic elements in the population, and sary to provide for · the formation of a nearly every American, and every re­ that . free elections are held as soon as new government much more representa­ source was dedicated to our common possible thereafter. tive than had been possible while Poland safety. The same· consecration to the The responsibility for political condi­ was enslaved. There are, you know, two cause of peace will be expected, I think, tions thousands of miles away can no governments; one in London, one in Lu­ by every patriotic American-by every longer be avoided, I think, by this great blin, practically in Russia. human soul overseas, too. Nation. Certainly, I do not want to live Accordingly, steps were taken at Yalta The structure of world peace cannot to see another war. As I have said, the to reorganize the existing provisional be the work of one man, or one party, or world is smaller-smaller every year. government in Poland on a broader dem­ one nation. It cannot be just an Ameri­ The United States now exerts a tremen­ ocratic basis, so as to include democratic can peace, or a British peace, or a Rus­ dous influence in the cause of peace. leaders now in Poland and those abroad. sian, French, or a Chinese peace. It Whatever people over here think or talk This new, reorganized government will cannot be a peace' of large nations-or in the interests of peace is, of course, be recognized by all of us as the tempo­ of small nations. It must be a peace known the world over. The slightest re .. rary government of Poland. Poland which rests on the cooperative effort of mark in either House of Congress is needs a temporary government ·in the the whole world. known all over the world the following worst way-an interim government is It cannot be a structure complete. It day. We will coutinue to exert that in­ another way to put it. However, the new cannot be what some people think-a fluence only if we are willing to continue Polish Provisional Government of Na­ structure of complete perfection at first. to share in the responsibility for keeping tional Unity will be pledged to holding a But it can be a peace-and it will be a the peace. It will be our own tragic loss free election as soon as possible on the peace-based . on, the sound and just · if we were to shirk that responsibility; ' basis of universal suffrage and a secret principles of tJte Atlantic Charter, on F.inal decisions in these areas .are go­ ballot. the conception o~ the dignity of the hu­ ing to be made jointly, and, therefore, Throughout history, Poland has been· man being, an'd· on the· guaranties of they will often be the result of give­ the ·corridor through which attacks on tolerance and freedom of religious wor- and-take compromi§e. The United Russia have been made. Twice in this ship. , States will not always have its way 100 generation, Germany has struck at Rus­ As the Allied armies have marched to · percent-nor will Russia, nor Great Brit­ sia through this corridor. To insure military victory they have liberated peo­ ain. We shall not a'lways have ideal European security and world peace, a ples whose liberties had been crushed by solutions to compliQated international strong and independent Poland is neces­ problem, even though we are determined sary to prevent that from happening the Nazis for 4 long years and w~ose economy had been reduced to ruin by continuously to strive toward that ideal. again. Nazi despoilers. But I -am sure that:---ur.. der the· agree­ The decisions with respect to the ment reached at Yalta-there will be a boundaries of Poland were frankly a com­ There have been instances of political more stable political Europe than ever promise. I did not agree with all of it confusion and unrest in these liberated before. ·Of course, once there has been by any means. But we did not go as far areas-that is not unexpected-as in a true expression of the people's will in as Britain wanted in certain areas; we did Greece, or in Poland, or in Yugoslavia, any country, our immediate responsi­ did not go as far as Russia wanted in and there may be more. Worse than bility ends-with the exception only of certain areas; and we did not go as far as that, there actually began to grow up in such action as may be agreed' upon by I wanted in certain areas, It was a com­ qome of these places queer ideas of,· for the International Security Organiza­ promise. instance, "spheres of influence" that tion we hope to set up. While the decision is a compromise it were incompatible with t.he bask prin­ The United Nations must also begin is one, however, under which the Poles ciples of international collaboration. If to help these liberated areas adequately wili receive compensation in territory in allowed to go on unchecked, these devel­ to reconstruct their economy-! do not the North and West in ~xchange for what opments might have had tragic results. want them to starve to death-so that they lose by the Curzon Line in the East. It is fruitless to try to place blame for they are ready to resume their places in The limits of the Western border will this situation on one particul~r nation the world. The Nazi war machine has be permanently fixed in the final Peace or on another. It is the kind of develop­ stripped thein of raw materials, machine Conference. Roughly, this will include ment that is almost inevitable unless the tools, trucks, locomotives, and things in the new, strong Poland quite a large major powers of the world continue like that . . They have left the industry slice of what is now called Germany. It without interruption to work together of these places stagnant and much of was agreed also that the new Poland will and assume joint responsibility for the the agricultural areas unproductive. have a large and long coast line and solution of problems that may aris·e to The Nazis have left complete or partial many new harbors; also that East P;rus­ endanger the peace of the world. ruin in their wake. ria-most of it-will go to Poland. A Vve met in the Crimea, determined to . To start the wheels running again is corner of it will go to Russia; also-what settle this matter of liberated areas. not a mere matter of relief. It is to the shall I call it-the anamoly of the Free Things .that might happen that we can­ national interest of all of us to see that State of Danzig-! think Danzig would not foresee at this moment might happen these liberated areas are again made be a lot better if it were Polish. suddenly-unexpectedly-nex-t week or self -supporting and productive so that It is well known that the people east next month. And I am happy to confirm thQy do not need continuous relief from of the Curzon Line--this is an example to the Congress that we did arrive at a us. I should say that was an argument of why it is a compromise-the people settlement and, incidentally, a unani­ based upon common sense. east of the Curzon Line are predomi. mous settlement. One outstanding example of joint ac­ nantly White Russians and Ukrainians­ The three most powerful nations have tion by the three major Allied Powers a very great majority-not Polish; and agreed that· the political and economic . was the solution reached on Poland. The the people west of that line are predomi­ problems of any area liberated from the whole Polish question was a potential nantly Polish, except in that part of East Nazi conquest, or of any former Nazi _ source of trouble in post-war Europe, Prussia and Eastern Germany which satellite, are a joint responsibiUty of all and we came to the conference deter­ would go to the new Poland. As far three governments. They will join to­ mined to find a common ground for its back as 1919, representatives of the Allies gether, during the temporary period of solution. We did.- We know everybody agreed that the Curzon Line represented instability after hostilities, to help the does not agree with it-obviously. a fair boundary between the two peoples. people of any liberated area or of any Our objective was. to help create a You must remember also that there was former satellite state to solve their own strong, independent, and prosperous no Poland .or had not been any Polish problems through firmly established nation-that is the thing we must all Government before 1919 for a great many democratic processes. remember-those words agreed to by generations. 1622 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MARCH 1 I am convinced that this agre·ement on contrary, we must be prepared for a long been. No one can say exactly how long Poland, under the circumstances, is the and a costly struggle in the Pacific. any plan will last. Peace can endure most hopeful agreement possible for a But the unconditional surrender of only so long as humanity really insists free, independent, and prosperous Polish Japan is as essential as the defeat of upon it, and is willing to work for it, State. Germany. [Applause.] I say that ad­ and sacrifice for it. The Crimean Conference was a meet­ visedly with the thought in mind that Twenty-five years ae;o, American ing of the three major military powers on that is especially true if our plans for fighting men looked .to the· statesmen of whose shoulders rests the chief respon­ world peace are to succeed. For Japa­ the world to finish the work of _peace for .sibility and burden of the war. Al­ nese militarism must be wiped out as which they fought and suffered. We though, for this reason, another nation thoroughly as German militarism. failed them. We failed them then. We was not included-France was not a par- On the way back from the Crimea, cannot fail them again, and expect the -ticipant in the conference-no one should I made arrangements to meet personally world to survive. detract ~rom the recognition which was King Farouk, of Egypt; Haile Selassie, I think the Crimean Conference was a accordea there to her role in the future Emperor of Ethiopia; and King Ibn successful effort by the three leading na­ of Europe and the future of the world. Saud, of Saudi Arabia. Our conversa­ tions to find a common ground for peace. France has been invited· to accept a tions had to do with matters of com­ It spells-and it ought to spell-the end zone of control in Germany, and to mon interest. They will be of great of the system of unilateral action, .exclu­ participate as a fourth member of the mutual advantage because they gave us sive alliances, and spheres of influence, Allied Control Council on Germany. an opportunity of meeting and talking and balances of power·: and all the other She has. been invited. to join as a spon­ face to face, and of exchanging views in expedients which have been tried for cen­ sor of the International Conference at personal conversation instead of formal turies and have always failed. San Francisco next month. correspondence. For instance, from We propose to substitute for all these, She will be a permanent member of Ibn Saud, of· Arabia, I learned more of a universal organization in which all the International Security Council to­ the whole problem of the Moslems and peace-loving nations will finally have a gether with the other four major powers. more about the Jewish problem in 5 chance to join. And, finally, we have asked France that minutes than I could have learned by I am confident that the Congress and she be associated with us in our joint the exchange of a dozen letters. the American people will accept the re­ responsibility over the liberated areas of On my voyage, I had the benefit of sults of this Conference .,as the begin­ Europe. · seeing the Army, the Navy, and the Air nings of a permanent str-qcture of peace There were, of course,- a number of . Force at work. upon which we can begln,to build, under smaller things I have not time to go into All Americans, I think, would feel as God, that better world into which our on which joint agreement was had. We proud of our armed forces as I am if children and grandchild:J;"W-yours and hope things will straighten out. they could see and hear what I did. mine, and the childre~;t and grandchi.l­ Agreement was reached on Yugo­ Against the most efficient professional dren of the whole world-must live, and slavia, as announced in the communique; soldiers and sailors and airmen of all can live. and we hope that it is in process of ful­ history, our men stood and fought-and ­ And that, my friends, is the only mes­ .. fillment. won. [Applause.] sage I can give you. I feel it very deeply We have to remember that there are a I think that this is. our chance to see as I know that all of you are feeling it great many prima donnas in the world all to it that the sons and grandsons of today and are going to feel it in the wishing to be heard before anything be­ these gallant fighting men do not have future. [Applause.] comes fin.al; so we may have a little delay to do it all over again in a few years. Thereupon (at 1 o'clock and 25 minutes while we listen to more prima donnas. · The Conference in the Crimea was a p. m.) the President retired from the [Laughter.] turning point, I hope, in QUr history and, Hall of the House of Representatives. Quite natw·ally, this conference con­ therefore, in the history of the world. At 1 o'clock and 27 minutes p. m. the cerned "itself only with the European war There will soon be presented to the Sen­ Speaker pro tempore announced that and with the political problems of Eu­ ate and to the American people a great the joint session was dissolved. rope-and not with the Pacific war. decision that will determine the fate of Thereupon the Members of the Cab­ At Malta, however, our Combined the United States-and I think, there­ inet retired from the Hall of the House British and American Staffs made their fore, the fate of the world-for genera­ of Representatives. plans to increase their attack against tions to come. Thereupon the Vice President and the Japan. There can be no middle ground here. Members of the Senate retired to their The Japanese war lords know that We shall have to take the responsibility ·Chamber. they are not being overlooked. They for world collaboration, or we shall have AFTER RECESS have felt the force of our B-29's, and to bear the responsibility for another Tlle recess having expired, the House our carrier planes; they have felt the world conflict. was called to order by the Speaker pro naval might of the United States and do I know that the word "planning" is not tempore at 1:31 o'clock p. m. not appear very anxious to come out looked upon with favor in some circles. The ·SPEAKER pro tempore. The and try it again. In domestic affairs, tragic mistakes have message of the President will be re­ The· Japs know what it means to hear been made by reason of lack of planning; ferred to the Committee of the .Whole that "the United States marines have and, on the other hand, many great im­ House on the state of the Union and landed." [Applause.] And I think I provements in livj,pg, and many benefits ordered to be printed (H. Doc. 106). may add, having Iwo Jima in mind, that to the human race, have been ac­ At this time the Chair will declare the "the situation is well in hand.'' complished as a result of adequate, intel­ House in recess, subject to the call of the [Applause. J ligent planning-reclamation of desert Chair, so that the radio paraphernalia They also know what is in store for the areas, developments of whole river val­ may be removed. homeland of Japan now that .Qeneral leys, provision for adequate housing. RECESS . MacArthur has completed his magnifi­ The same will be true in relations be­ cent march back to Manila; [applause], tween nations. For the second time, in Accordingly (at 1 o'clock and 32 min-. and with Admiral Nimitz establishing air the lives of most of us, this generation is utes p.m.)" the Hause stood in recess sub­ bases right in their •wn back yard. face to face with the objective of pre­ ject to the call of the Chair. [Applause.] But lest somebody lay otf venting wars. To meet that objective, AFTER THE RECESS work in the United States I can repeat the nations of the world will either have The recess having expired, the House what I have said-a short sentence even a plan or they will not. The groundwork . was called to order by the Speaker pro in my sleep: "We haven't won the wars of a plan has now been furnished and tempore, Mr. McCoRMACK, at 2 o'clock yet," with an "s" on wars. .rt is a long, has been submitted to humanity for dis­ and 15 minutes p. m. tough road to Tokyo; it is longer to Tokyo cussion and decision. than it is to Berlin in every sense of the No plan is perfect. Whatever is adopt­ EXTENSION- OF REMARKS ·word. ed at San Francisco will doubtless have Mr. BONNER asked and was given per- The defeat of Germany will not mean to be amended time and again over the mission to extend his own remarks in the the end of the war against Japan; on the y.ears, just as our 0-wn Constitution has Appendix of the RECORD. 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1623 Mr. FOGARTY asked and was given Ludlow Rizley Simpson, Pa. ·when this bill was on the floor, the dis­ Maloney Rogers, Fla. -Talbot permission to extend his remarks by in­ Murray, Tenn. Rogers, Mass. Thom tinguished gentleman from Virginia was cluding ·therein a recent radio address O'Brien, Mich. Rogers, N. Y, Traynor good enough to let me have a moment of which he made. Patman Rowan Vursell time, and I, at that time, called the at­ Patterson Sabath Weaver Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask Rains Sheridan West tention of those in authority to the fact unanimous consent to extend rily re­ Rivers Simpson, ni. Winter that in my congressional -district there marks in the RECORD and to include are 8,000 empty houses, all of them in therein an address delivered by Prime The SPEAKER pro tempore. On this excellent condition. Throughout the Minister Winston Churchill before the roll call 369 Members having answered country there are today 29 surplus labor British House of Commons. to their names, a quorum is present. areas. In the particular section of the Mr. Speaker, I made inquiry of the By unanimous consent, further pro­ State of Pennsylvania which is repre­ Printing- Office. They informed me that ceedings under the call were dispensed sented by the gentleman from Pottsville, it will exceed the limit, and the estimate with. Dr.- FENTON, by the gentleman from on it is $312. I ask unanimous consent PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE Luzerne County [Mr. FLOOD], and by my­ that the extension may be made. Mr. DICKSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, I' ask self from Lackawanna County, there are The SPEAKER pro tempore. Not­ unanimous consent that on Wednesday 12,000 men and women out of work. withstanding and without objection, the next, at the conclusion of the legislative Thirty-some-odd-thousand men have extension may be made. program of the day and following any gone to other parts of the country to find There was no objection. special orders heretofore entered, I may employment. -Forty-some.:.odd thousand Mr. HENDRICKS asked and was given be permitted to address the House for have gone to the armed services. permission to extend his remarks in the 20 minutes. During the last 2 weeks I have had a RECORD. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there conference with those iri the office of the Mr. ANGELL asked and was given per­ objection to the request of the gentle­ Under Secretary of War. We have had a mission to · extend his remarks in the man from New York? conference with those in the office of the RECORD and include an article on Alaska. There was no objection. Acting Secretary of the Navy. This Mr. HOWELL asked and was given per­ Mr. PETERSON of Florida. Mr. morning I was in contact with Mr. Jus­ mission to extend his own remarks and Speaker, ·I ask unanimous consent that tice Byrnes. Next week we will have a include therein a letter. on Monday next, at the conclusion of the conference with General Clay. But I say Mr. CHENOWETH · asl{ed and was legislative program of the day and fol­ it is a shame. It is a shame that in the given permission· to extend his remarks lowing any special orders heretofore en­ conduct of the war program we find it in the Appendix of the RECORD. tered, I may be permitted to address the necessary to spend $1,500,000,000 and an Mr. WALTER asked and was given House for 30 minutes. additional $90,000,000 for housing, how­ permission to extend his remarks in the The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is· there ever worthy these particular projects RECORD and include therein an address objection to the request of the gentle­ may be, and yet neglect areas with sur­ delivered by the Assistant Secretary of man from Florida? plus labor and with thousands upon the Navy. There was no objection. thousands of empty houses. Each one of PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE these red dots on this map which I hold FIRST DEFICIENCY APPROPRIATION BILL, in my hand represents five empty houses Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan­ 1945 throughout the Lackawanna and Luzerne imous consent to address the House for Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. County areas of Pennsylvania. Once 10 minutes today after the completion Speaker, I move that the House resolve again I want to call the attention of those of business on the Speaker's desk and at itself into the Committee of the Whole who are allocating construction of proj­ the conclusion of any special orders here­ House on the state of the Union for the ects, if there are any more to be con­ tofore entered. further consideration of the bill (H. R. structed, they ought to give attention to The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there 2374) making appropriations to supply the Pennsylvania area which I represent. objection to the request of the gentle­ deficiencies in certain appropriations for Mr. LANHAM. Mr. Chairman, will the man from Pennsylvania? the fiscal year ending June ·30, 1945, and gentleman yield? There was no objection. for prior fiscal years, to provide supple­ Mr. MURPHY. I yield. EXTENSION OF REMARKS mental appropriations for the fiscal years Mr. LANHAM. As I understand it, the ending June 30, 1945, and June 30, 1946, Mr. KEFAUVER asked and was given gentleman's complaint is that many of and for other purposes. those plants have not been located where permission to extend his remarks in two The motion was agreed to. instances; in one to include an article by housing is available to that extent. I Accordingly the House ·resolved itself understand further that these particular Dr. Reed and in the other to include an into the Committee of the Whole House address he recently made. houses to which he refers are not in one on the state of the Union for the further of those war areas, but that if a defense Mr. HAGEN asked and was given per­ consideration of the bill, H. R. 2374, with mission to extend his own remarks in the plant had been established there, these Mr. SP.ARKMAN in the chair. houses would have been available? RECORD on two different subjects and in­ The Clerk read the title of the bill. clude two newspaper articles. Mr. MURPHY. That is exactly cor­ The Clerk read as follows: · rect. I want to emphasize the necessity CALL OF THE HOUSE Training for nurses (national defense): of bringing the job to the worker in­ Mr. TABER. Mr. Speaker, I make a The appropriations "Training for nurses, stead of continuing to place projects in point of order that a quorum is not pres­ Public Health Service (national. defense)", areas where they have not one but three, ent. in the Federal Security Agency Appropriation four, and five No. 1 defense areas, with The SPEAKER pro. tempore. Evident­ Acts for fiscal years 1944 and 1945, shall be no available labor. ly no quorum.is present. considered as having been made available for travel. · Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, Mr. RAMSPECK. Mr. Speaker, I move will the gentleman yield? a call of the House. Mr. MURPHY. Mr. Chairman, I move Mr. MURPHY. I yield to the gentle­ A call of the House was ordered. to strike out the last word. man from Ohio. The Clerk called the roll, and the fol­ Mr. Chairman, I note in the report of Mr. BROWN of Ohio. I would like to lowing Members failed to answer to their the committee on the housing-question call the gentleman's attention to the fact names: on page 6 that there was authorized that contracts have but recently been let [Roll No. 27] under title I of the Lanham Act of for the building of jet airplanes in the Andrews, Ala. Eaton Hebert October 14, 1940, an appropriation of San Diego, Calif., area, the most critical Bishop Ellsworth Heidinger Bunker Elsaesser Hill $1,500,000,000 for the purpose of meeting labor shortage and housing shortage area Celler Fenton Holifield acute housing shortages, and tha.t all but in the United States, which will require Chelf . Fernandez J ackson $7,878 of that amount has bee;n provided bringing in some 8,600 new workers and Clark Geelan King Clements Gorski Kirwan for; and that there is an additional ap­ constructing a considerab~e number of Coffee Green LaFollette plication in this bill for the sum of new housing facilities, and that the con­ Courtney Hall, Edwin Landis $90,000,000. I have no fight with any tract and that work could possibly be Dawson Arthur Larcade Drewry Harless, Ariz. Lea particular project for which that money done in the East just as w~ll as anywhere Durham Hays Lewis -is being ·appropriated. But 1 year ago else. 1624 CONGRESSIONA·L RECORD:.:_HOUSE MARCH 1

The CHAIRMAN. The time · of the -Mr. JEN~INS. __ Is· it not a f~ct al~o a project, one of the first iri the war pro­ gentleman has expired. that wherever there is congestion of labor gram, located in my district. Not many The pro forma amendments were there· is also a_great lack .of necessary months ago _we got information that the withdrawn. accommodations of life, in addition to thing would probably be closed up very The Clerk read as follows: housin-g, such as food? I have a letter ·soon. A little bit· later, after the empha­ Division of Mental Hygiene: For an addi­ today from ·a man in California saying sis of the war changed, there is a $10·,- tional amount, fiscal year 1945, for Division that he knew of 8,000 employees who left 000,000 expansion to that· project and of Mental Hygiene, Public Health Service, in­ one plant because of a shortage of foQd men are now being transported 75 or 100 cluding the objects specified under this head in that community. -miles to it. It is perfectly true that you in the Federal Security Agency Appropriation Mr. KEEFE. I think that is exactly can go to certain places and see great Act, 1945, $30,000. right, and it· is because of those short­ numbers of houses· that are not occu­ Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Chairman, I move to ages of community facilities and every­ pied, but that is because emphasis has strike out the last word. thing else that we are being called upon changed from one kind of production to Mr. Chairman, I · am deeply interested to make these constant appropriations. another, it has changed from one point in the thought just .xpressed by the dis­ The CHAIRMAN. The time of the to another, and I say that as long as the tinguished gentleman from Pennsyl­ gentleman from Wisconsin has expired. leaders in the War and Navy Depart- vania. It seems to me, in view of the Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. . ments, who have had charge of this pro­ present discussions of war manpower Chairman, I rise in opposition to the pro duction problem and who have given us -problems which have become so acute forma amendment. the record they have, want this, they that it has necessitated action by the I think there is one thing, in consider­ should have it. Read in. the hearings Congress, we opght to give serious con­ ing this housing problem, that we should what Judge. Patterson and Admiral sideration to the whole -problem of allo­ remember, and that is that this is not Moreen said. They stated: "We have cations by the procurement agencies for the purpose·of giving employment to gone over every bit of this. We need which are responsible for the vast build­ people; it is not for the purpose of ac­ every bit of this and probably more. If ing of factories and the production of commodating chambers of commerce; it it is authorized by the Congress, before armaments and supplies needed in this is not for the purpose of getting projects final construction begins we will go over war effort. May I call your attention to in our congressional districts. It is for it again and check it again." I think the ·fact that down at Mobile, Ala., in the purpose of winning the war and win­ our friend from Texas, chairman of the that great shipbuilding and- drydocks ning it quickly. Public Buildings and Grounds Commit­ area, where there were employed at the The gentleman from Wisconsin [Mr. tee, who has given a ·good deal of con­ peak some 26,000 to 30,000 employees, in KmEFEJ says he thinks the industries· sideration to this matter, at the proper a period of two weeks' time recently that should be brought to where the workers time will have something to say. company discharged 8,000 employees. are. As far as that is practicable, that Mr. RICH. Mr. Chairman, will the In the New York City area and in the is true. It ought to be done. gentleman yield? New England area there is a -surplus of Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Chairman, will· the _. Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. I yield shipbuilding labor.- In the Baltimore gentleman yield? to the gentleman from Pennsylvania. area there is a critical shortage of ship­ Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Not Mr. RICH. That is what the gentle­ building labor. A question that is very right now. man from Pennsylvania and the gentle­ properly asked by the ship workers of Mr. KEEFE. I do not want the gen­ man from Wisconsin are stating to the this Nation is this: Why is it not possible tleman to misquote me . or misinterpret gentleman. Instead of building the in­ to place an order for the construction or my statement. dustry in California, build the industry repair of ships at Mobile or at Boston Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. I yield in Pennsylvania where they have labor, · or at New York or at Brooklyn, instead to the gentleman then. ·what did the where they have the houses, where they of concentrating that production at Bal­ gentleman say? have the men to do the work. There is timore, in an area where they· have a _ Mr. KEEFE. The industry is already another thing about this. We have taken critical labor shortage. Instead of sug­ located at Mobile. It is already located for granted everything that the Army gesting a solution of the manpower prob­ at Brooklyn.- It is already located at says ought to be done. Now, some of lem by transporting workers from one · Boston. All I am asking is that the work the people in the Army we found out city to another, why would it not be pos­ be brought where the industry is already ought to learn something, and if we can sible to allocate work in the shipbuilding loca.ted and where the labor is already teach them something, for instance, that program or the production program, to present. it is just as easy to build a plant where the localities where there' is no critical Mr. WOODRUM. of Virginia. The . the people are and better, we ought to shortage of labor? It would be just as gentleman is asking that, but the people change their-views. and get them to do easy for a ship to go up to the New York in charge of the program and the peo­ that very thing. , area to be repaired as to go into Balti­ ple who have done a masterful job in Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. If the more. It would be very easy to take production tell us that they cannot fur­ gentleman from Pennsylvania thinks he some of those ships into Mobile where ther expand those industries in those can teach the Army that it is economi­ they are laying off thousands of workers, areas. We know that the aircraft in­ cally or logically sound to begin the con­ and thus not. only relieve the labor sit- dustry, for instance, is on the west coast struction of an aircraft industry in Penn­ -uation and the necessity for finding jobs ·and the most of the housing is needed sylvania, then I think the gentleman is for those thousands who are. being dis­ on the west coast. That is where the going to have a har-d problem doing that. charged, but it makes for more equal .emphasis - on this thing is going to be. Mr. RICH. W.e have air-plant facili­ distribution of_ community facilities, Judge Patterson of the Army and Ad- ties right in my own district and we can housing and everything else. It seems ~ miral Moreell of the Navy's· yards and · build more of them. We can also build to me the gentleman from Pemisylvania docks said they had combed this program them in the district represented by the · [Mr. MuRPHY] has touched upon a very carefully and that they must have these gentleman from Scranton just as well. important matter in connection with this _ workers in expanded industry, and they Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. The gen­ whole war effort. When we are solicited cannot get them there because they cio tleman knows that the course of this to continue pouring money into the con­ not have the facilities for them. They war has dictated that that industry be struction of housing and community fa­ cannot get QUr friends from Pennsyl­ laid out on the west coast on the Pacific cilities in the already congested areas, vania to go to the west coast and work Ocean. The question of transportation it seems to me we could start at the in the aircraft industry. and the question of labor indicate that other end of the dilemma and transfer They cannot take those people out is the place it has to be concentrated. some of the work projects out of those there because there are-no houses for The CHAffiMAN. The time of the critical areas ·and put them into other them to live in, there are no facilities gentleman has expired. areas where there is not a critical short- for them. In parts of Virginia, my own Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I move to age of labor. - State, not in my own district, I know strike out the last two words. Mr. JENKINS. Mr. Chairman, will where men are being transported in Mr. Chairman, at this time I am in the gentleman yield? busses 75 miles to Navy projects. Those hopes that the membership of this House . Mr. KEEFE. I yield. projects cannot be moved. There was • will pay attention to the facts as they 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1625

have been developed in the hearings and tion of some ~gency, which does not ing law and continue to receive old-age will weigh the things that really mean know what it is talking about, and whose assistance without being subject to de­ something and do the things that need · story does not go together, instead of dtlctions for the money they might ·thus to be done instead of doing things that sitting down and figuring the thing out earn, or be thrown off the rolls alto­ some promoter has tried to put across. on the square, we impede and we hamper gether and then possibly suffer delay in I am going to call your attention brie:tly .the war effort, because the folks can­ befng restored while they were reinvesti­ to some of the tragedies of this proposi­ not work in a war factory ·and produce gated. tion presented to us today with refer­ when they are building houses of this Today we are confronted with a short­ ence to the housing business. kind that are not needed. age of nurses in the Army and Navy. On page 203 of the hearings· you will I hope that when the House comes to hospitals, to meet which a nurses' draft find the number of different types of pub­ vote on this question it will think about bill has been reported by the Committee lic housing projects that are proposed. this thing; that it will feel its respon­ on Military Affairs. There i::; a shortage The grand total is 30,428; single unit, sibility and will not be guided by its of nurses in veterans' facilities. To . 23,440. That means family units costing emotions in this connection . meet these shortages will create a ·On an average, according to their story, The Clerk read as follows: further drain upon nurses for the care ·$3,500; single-person units, $5,900; stop- SOCIAL SECURITY BOARD of civilians, regardless of whether it' is gap, including trailers and quick-con- · Grants to States for old-age assistance, done by volunteer methods or otherwise. struction jobs that cost anywhere from aid to dependent children, and aid to the In every community there are many $600 to $1 ,200, 1,055. blind: For an additional amount, fiscal year older women who are excellent practical That is the proportion in which intelli­ 1945, for grants to State for old-age as- · nurses. Some of them did volunteer gence is used in setting up this program . sistance, aid to dependent children, and · nursing in the :flu epidemic of World and that is why they are able to submit aid to the blind, $6,200,000. · War No. 1. Most of them know a great to you figures running up to $84,000,000. Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Mr. deal about practical nursing as a mat­ It is just perfectly ridiculous. If they Chairman, I offer an amendment. ter of experience in the rearing of a · were going to put_up stopgap or trailer The Clerk read as follows: family. The amendment which I have housing where they would provide the Amendment offered by Mr. CASE of South offered seeks to tap this large pool of housing facilities inside of 60 days and Dakota: Page 6, line 22, before the period, potential nursing aid. where the cost would be moderate, there · insert the following: "Provided, That sec­ I believe it will materially help in would be much more sense to a lot of tion 5 (f) of Public Law 45, Seventy-eighth meeting the shortage of nurses for the their operations but instead of that they Congress, approved April 29, 1943 (50 U.S. C., care of civilians and thereby relieve want to spend from three to five times 1355) , is hereby amend~ed so as to. include hundreds of younger nurses for service what they should spent on a unit, and income and resources from performance in the Army, Navy, and Veterans• Ad­ not give service to the people who ar~ of service as a nurse as an employee, or ministration hospitals. hauled· around to these war plants. in connection with the care of sick or con­ fined persons as an employee, in addition The Clerk read as follows: What they care about is perpetuating to income and resources from agricultural their proposition. I will admit that it OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR labor or labor performed in connection with Temporary aid to enemy aliens and other was exceedingly difficult to get any facts. the raising or harvesting of agricultural restricted persons: The limitation of $50 ,000 . It is exceedingly difficult to understand commodities as an employee, as income under this head in the Federal Security them ·the way they throw statements at which shall not be a basis of excluding Agency Appropriation Act, 1945, upon the you, but I do want to call attention to payments made to such an individual in com­ amount which may be transferred to this some of the things which were presented puting the payments as in such section pro­ appropriation from "Sala.ries and expenses, to us. vided." War Relocation Authority," is hereby in­ On page 202 of the hearings you find Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr . creased to $150,.000. . this: Total number of war workers in Chairman, we have cooperated with the . Mr. ENGEL of Michigan. Mr. Chair­ the Douglas aircraft plant, which they gentleman from South Dakota in the for­ man, I make the point of order against . propose to increase in. number on July mation of this amendment and we ap- the paragraph commencing on page 7, 1, 1944, 31,933; number in January 1945, . prove it in the form in which he has line 1, and extending through line 7 on 29,000. Number anticipated at peak in offered it. We accept the amendment. that page, that it changes existing law. July 1945, 32,200. That means an in­ The amendment was agreed to. Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. Chair­ crease of only 300 above the _figure for Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Mr. man, we concede the point of order. July 1944. So you can see how much Chairman, I ask unanimous consent to The CHAffiMAN. The point of order sense they make of their operations. extend my. remarks at this point in the is sustained. They have 2,000 houses unde~ construc­ RECORD. tion and they propose to build 500 more The Clerk read as follows: The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection FEDERAL WORKS AGENCY with this money. That is perfectly ridic­ to the request of the gentleman from ulous. That means 2,500 houses for 300 South Dakota? OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR more workers than a year ago. The stuff There was no objection. War public works (community facilities): all goes together in just about that shape. For an additional amount to enable the Fed­ The CHAffiMAN . . The time of the FREEING 0. A. A. CLIENTS FOR NURSING eral Works Administrator to carry out the Mr. CASE .of South Dakota. This functions vested in him by titles II and III gentleman from New York has expired. of the act of October 14, 1940, as amended Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, . I ask amendment will make it possible for (42 U.S. C. 1531-1534 and 1541), $20,000,000. unanimous consent to proceed for 2 ad­ qualified women to work as part-time to remain available during the continuance ditional minutes. nurses or nurses aides without being of the unlimited national emergency de­ The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection thrown off old-age assistaBce rolls. It clared by the President on May 27, 1941, but to the request of the gentleman from is identical to the action taken to help not to be available for obligation for new New York? in the shortage of agricultural labor 2 projects after June 30, 1945, of which amount There was no objection. · years ago-Public Law 45, SeVenty­ not to exceed $800,000 shall be available for eighth Congress, approved April 29, 1943. administrative expenses, including the ob­ Mr. TABER. We have heretofore jects specified under the head "Defense pub­ made all sorts of appropriations for them. At that time the Appropriations Com­ lic works (community facilities)" in the Sometimes there has been a fight on it, mittee had considered a proposal to ex­ Second Deficiency Appropriation Act, 1941, and sometimes there has not. But it pend money for the importation of agri­ and the joint resolution approved December is about time that the Congress of the cultural workers from Mexico and Puerto 23, 1941 (Public Law 371): Provided, That United States came to and appreciated Rico. The committee decided that many the limitation of $80,000,000 under this head its responsibility with reference to this · older men on the old-age assistance rolls in the First Supplemental Appropriation Act, 1945, on the total amount that may be allo­ situation. I want to see everything done could help with chores or help in critical cated for contributions to public and private to provide our Army and our Navy with periods of planting and harvesting and agencies for the maintenance and operation the proper things with which to win the thereby do a great deal to meet the of public works after July 1, 1943, is hereby war. Every man in this House wants shortage of farm workers. The com­ increased to $85,000,000, and of t he additional to do the same thing. Every time we mittee and the Congress recognized that amount appropriated under this head not · go ahead and accept the recommenda- these men could not work under exist- less than $18,000,000 shall be reserved fo.r XCI--103 1626 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 1 financing contributions subsequent 1;o June necessary, against which the gentleman workmen at those plants. Perhaps a 30, 1945, for the objects to which this proviso from New York has made this point of new teacher is needed for a school at­ applies: Provided further, That in making tended by children of immigrant war allocations out of the funds appropriated in order. this paragraph for construction projects Mr. McGREGOR. Mr. Chairman, will workers. Perhaps there has been an priority shall be given to emergency proj€cts the gentleman yield? addition made there. The children of involving an estimated cost to the Federal Mr. LANHAM. ·I yield to the gentle­ the war workers are there. They are Government of less than $250,000. man from Ohio. such services as that. Yet, the limitation Mr. McGREGOR. Does not my dis­ that the gentleman from New York has Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I make tinguished chairman feel, based on a insisted on keeping in existing law would the point of order against the following check of the record.. of the past, that the prevent even the performing of all those language on page 8, lines 3 to 8, that it Federal Works Agency is going to con­ services just for the remainder of this changes existing law: tinue to have new projects all the time, f1Scal year. That the limitation of $80,000,000 under so that when it comes before this body Getting down to this proposition :lf this head in the First Supplemental Appro­ and asks for additional money it can construction, altogether the Federal priation Act, 1945, on the t otal amount that Works Agency has unallotted $10,700,-' may be allocated for contJ:ib ut ions to public always put up the plea that it has proj­ av.d private agencies for t h e m ainten ance ects yet to complete? ·000. Now, you subtract from that $10,- and operation of public works a:(ter July 1, Mr. LANHAM. Those new projects 700,000 the $6,300,000 which is necessary 1943; is hereby increased to $85,000,000. do not originate in the Federal Vlorks to service only existing projects, which Agency. They come from the districts cannot be wholly done since this point of Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. Chair­ in war areas that the gentleman and order has been made, and that leaves man, we concede the point of order. many others represent, where these war them with $4,400,000 which they say will The CHAIRMAN. The point of order plants are situated and where the needs very lilcely be necessary for overruns in is sustained. are pressing, and where proper investiga­ the construction that is now being done. Mr. LANHAM. Mr. Chairman, I move tion is made to determine those needs. Because, you know, in these times you to strike out the last word. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the can never absolutely accurately estimate Mr. Chairman, I gave notice on yester­ gentleman from Texas has expired. in advance the cost of labor and mate­ day that I would introduce an amend­ Mr. LANHAM. Mr. Chairman, I ask rials. The remainder of the $20,000,000 ment to the provision in this bill striking unanimous consent to proceed for 5 provided in this bill, if we were allowed to out the language on page 8 after the additional minutes. use it, less these services, would leave figures "$85,000,000" in line 8 down to The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection about $15,000,000 for new construction. the word "Provided" in line 12. to the request of the gentleman from Already projects are ready for approval I regret very much that the g::mtleman Texas? · for new construction aggregating $17,- from New York [Mr. TABER] has made There was no objection. 200,000. this point of order because it is going to Mr. LANHAM. Mr. Chairman, I am I am making these remarks in order operate very materially against the ex­ somewhat confused about the piychology that we may -know, if we do not get this isting projects and the workers who are of the gentleman from New York. Ire­ increased production, now ·that we have carrying on their operations in this war call that in the last Congress, in less than stepped up our offensive in every theater effort in the field of production. I will 1 month, Secretary Patterson and Ad­ of war, and when these high representa­ give you. the figures, which are revised miral Moreell and some of the other tives of the Army and Navy come before up until today, with reference to this high-ranking officers of the Army and the Committee on Appropriations and situation. Navy came down and told the Committee urge the necessity for speedy action in The gentleman from New York, I as­ on Appropriations on two different bills getting these facilities built and getting sume, has made this point of order on that we needed what aggregated more this construction, that we are here going his own responsibility, and of course it than $100,000,000,000 to build these to tie their hands and say we know more was for him to decide whether or not he plants for ships, planes, munitions, ord­ about conducting this war than the would take that step. nance, and so forth. And very gra­ Army and Navy, the. people whose busi­ Today the unallotted money for serv­ ciously, without dotting an "i" or cross­ ness it is to Gonduct it; that we know ices in the Federal Works Agency is ing a "t," and without a d~ssenting vote more about what the Federal Works $4,700,000 as against this $80,000,000 lim­ in this House, we appropriated more Agency has available than they them­ itation in existing law. The amount than $100,000,000,000 for those necessary selves know. needed to carry on these existing service purposes. But perhaps we may strain at Why, this Government in our organic projects, the ones that are already in griats and swallow camels. When we law was separated into three coordinate existence and being operated, during the try to get some housing and some com­ branches. Each branch must rely upon remainder of this fiscal year is $6,300,000. munity facilities so that workingmen the efficiency and the honesty of the Therefore, the point of order made by and women can live near those plants other branches. The only source froin the gentleman from New York prevents and make those plants operative, we hear which you can possibly get accurate in­ the operation of existing services for a great hue and cry that we are wasting · formation is from these agencies. Let much of the remainder of this fiscal year, Federal money. me repeat, that the services now being and absolutely forbids the allocation or This is a war-emergency act. It ter­ carried on at the plants already in exist­ allotment of any additional money for minates with the conclusion of this war. ence cannot be carried on until the end any new service that may be necessary. This housing is to be disposed of and of this fiscal year because of this point Many Members of this House have gotten out of the way of private enter­ of order, and no new services can be come to 'See me with reference to the prise. But these workers must have liv­ provided. There is no use to have hous­ urgent necessity of continuing existing ing conditions under which they can ing, of course, if you cannot have serv­ services and providing new services in labor if you expect these plants to go on ices. Four walls and a roof are not suffi­ tne districts which they represent, but and the essential increased production cient living accommodations. that cannot be done in view of the point to be accomplished. . The CHAIRMAN. The time of the of order made by the gentleman from Mr. ·WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. gentleman has again expired. New York. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. McGREGOR. Mr. Chairman, I In addition to the fact that leaving Mr. LANHAM. I yield to the distin­ rise in opposition to the pro forma this limitation where it is will not allow guished gentleman from Virginia. amendment. existing services to continue . through Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. The I certainly dislike to take exception to this fiscal year, there are $3,400,000 of gentleman has spoken several times of the remarks of my distinguished chair­ new service projects that are ready to community services and facilities . . man, the gentleman from Texas CMr. allot; so those of you who are interested Would he elaborate a little on what that LANHAM], but I cannot help but make in those new service projects that have constitutes? _ this observation, that one agency-and been approved insofar as preliminary Mr. LANHAM. This appropriation of there are a number of agencies in the studies are concerned may rest assured $20,000,000 for construction and services Government that are following the same that through this point of order those includes services such as light, water, procedure-the Federal Works Agency..:... new services cannot be provided. That and heat, and the various things needed is following a policy that they are always is why this limitation of $85,000,000 is to make those hou.ses livable by the. going to have projects unfinished! so that 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1627 they can come before this body and say area there were thousands of men being helpful in some respects. Provision fs to you, and truthfully so, "We have laid off. In Baltimore there is a short­ made -in this bill for an appropriati()n of projects in your district unfinished and age of labor. Yet. the War Department $20,000,000 provided they will not use if you do not appropriate this money or and the Navy Department continue to $18,000,000 of it until after the 30th of if you do not pass the enabling legisla- place orders in Baltimore. Why can they June of this year. · tion for this· money, your· projects are not place some of those orders at Mobile Mr. Chairman, I have endeavored in going to stop." where the housing, facilities, and labor remarks made earlier to show that, even I say to you, Mr. Chairman, it is time are available? If the Army and the.Navy if the point of order had not been made for this body to serve notice on every and the War Department are going to and the limitation had been increased to Government agency that from now on we insist on placing orders where there is $85,000,000, it would still be very difficult are going to insist that they live within . no extra labor and where there are no to carry on existing services and provide the enabling legislation we have passed houses, we are going to be asked forever for new services which have already and the appropriations that we have to appropriate money for houses, facili­ been approved. It is going to make it made. · - ties, and will continue to have a shortage doubly burdensome, even under the $80,- We are all in favor of winning the war, of manpower in one area and a surplus 000,000 limitation, if we provide that for and I certainly regret that some of our in another. · the remainder of this fiscal year they Members get up cin the floor and say Mr.· McDONOUGH. Mr. Chairman, can use but $2,000,000 out of the $20,- "if you pass, or do not pass, this or that will the gentleman yield? 000,000 appropriation. you are hinder1ng the war effort." Let Mr. McGREGOR. I yield. Mr. Chairman, I do not know how much us check and see .what the committee, Mr. McDONOUGH. I appreciate the credence Members give to statements of after a careful and thorough study, has argument the gentleman is making about those who are in charge of our war effort to say in regard to further exenditures shifting these Navy anTT. Mr. Chairman, in the Then, too, in a good many of these Production of the Army's first jst-powered past 2 years I have had an opportunity areas the factories were built by the D3- combat plane was announced yesterday as a member of the Committee on Pub­ fense Plant Corporation. · They are afternoon by H. H. Arnold, commanding gen­ lic Buildings and Grounds, serving in Government owned, as far as the prop­ eral cf the Army Air Forces, who said it is the capacity of chairman of a subcom­ erties are concerned. It is impossible for believed to be the fastest fightEr in existence. Designers of the new plane, the Lockheed mittee, to go on an investigation of the municipalities to tax those factories, housing conditions near the defense to Aircraft Corporation, in a simultaneous an­ tax that property in order. to raise the nouncement, described its performance as plants and -her purposes in the United necessary revenue to take care of this superlative. It has been designated as the States, and I want to call the attention additional load. If they could do so, I P- 80 and riam&d the "Shootinc Star." of the membership of the House to the doubt that they would be in here asking In a third announcement, the General fact that I helieve the amendmept Qf for any support. However, under the Electric Co., builders of the propellerless j3t our chairman of the Committee on Pub­ charters of these cities, as granted by our which powers the fighter, statEd its single lic Buildings and Grounds the gentleman State, in many cases there is a limitation· gas turbine is the most powerful airplane from Texas [Mr. LANHAM] should be upon the amount of tax they may levy­ engine in the world. That would give it a~ Initial thrust ·or more than 3,000 horsepcwer, adopted. I am sorry our good friend that is, the number of dollars per thou­ It was described as making a noise like a from New York [Mr. TABER] has raised a sand dollars of assessed valuation. In my giant blow torch and driving the plane point of order, because I feel great harm home city there is a tax limit for ordi­ through the !Skies like an apparition of might come from the results of that. nary municipal purposes of $1 per hun­ death. Perhaps it seems to many of the Mem­ dred dollars of assessed valuation. Per­ The extent of production of the new model bers today that this is California day haps it would be better if we had not was not disclosed, but it was previously an­ because several of the California delega. placed that limitation there, so .tha~ we nounced that General Electric and the All!­ son Division of General Motors C~rporation tion are going to speak on this. could raise additional revenue m times I want to cite to the membership of the of stress, but there is that limitation on are already making substantial numbers of the turbines a~ Schenectady, N. Y., and In­ House the Bermite powder plant, of the tax levy at the present time. dianapolis, Ind. Saugus, Calif., which made 20-millimeter Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Chair­ Lockheed has four plants active on the shells exclusively up to 2 months ago. man will the gentleman yield? project at Burbank, Calif., and North Ameri­ Now they make fuzes for a large per­ M;. HINSHAW. I yield very briefly. can Aviation, Inc., has another larp;e plant centage of our rockets. A short distance Mr. MILLER of California. The state­ building the type at Kansas City, Mo. ca­ away those rockets are being tested. It ment which the gentleman just made pacity is indicated by the fact that the Kan­ sas City plant alone turned out more t,han is imperative that they have more hous· about the tax limitatio'n in California 500 Lockhe£4 Lightnings in January, and all ing facilities immediately in furtherance obtains in all cities of the sixth class I parties concerned have stated the Shooting of the war effort. Many of us do not believe, and that is in the smaller com­ Star is more simple to build. know about these things. They have munities where most of this is. Simplicity of the type was indicated by been kept secret up until recently, That Mr. HINSHAW. Yes; I thank the gen­ the fact that the engine of the P-80 can be is one of the reasons that we should not tleman for his contribution. And so completely changed in 15 minutes. It takes have a point of order against this. We when they come in here and say, "Well, that long to remove the propeller from the should · have no interruptions in our if you want these people to be able to conventional airplane engine and about 8 hours to make a complete engine replace­ building program or our program of pro. work in the plants, if you want the ment. viding facilities in those areas where we women to work there, then they are go­ "Carefully guarded development flights of must have the manpower to manufac­ ing to have to leave their children some the plane have been confined to remote Army ture this war material. place while they wor~." now, for good-. fields," General Arnold's announcement As I see it today, it ·will not be long­ ness sake: we had a manpower proble~ stated. "Th~ Shooting Star is extremely perhaps it will not be needed at all­ brought up to us here the other day m maneuverable. * • * It can carry heavy which the Committee on Military Affairs loads of ammunition, photographic equip­ but until victory comes, up to the last showed how · many people were going to ment, bombs, and fuel. The pressurized moment we must put forth every effort cabin, unique among production fighters, is and we at home should not make any be needed in the Army, how many men, equipped for pilot 'G' suits to ease the dis­ and how many men and women in in­ mistake of any kind whatsoever. I be­ comfort of sharp turns and pull-outs after lieve a mistake might be made right dustry over the next few months. If you long dives." want to have them available to do this Lockheed engineers described the wing of here today if this amendment offered by job, then you have to make ~orne provi· the fighter as being "so refined as to class it the gentleman from Texas [Mr. LANHAM] sion for the children of work+ng women. as a new type. It has a knife-like leading 1s not adopted wholeheartedly. I would I do not like to differ with anyone on the edge and other aerodynamic 1nnovati6ns that like to see the gentleman from New York 1630 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-I-IOUSE MARCH 1 withdraw his point of order. I do not tion, but we cannot do all of it. Are .gation and operation of the Navy and believe this is the time to be throwing we going to fail here? I hope not. after an investigation was closed. At these kind of hooks into a deal when it . The CHAIRMAN. The time of the that plant there was a $5,000,000 housing looks like we are on the right track. I · gentleman from North Carolina has ex­ project which has never been occupied personally know from my own experience, pired. by any tenants whatsoever, is now a and my record here in the House will Mr. DE LACY. Mr. Chairman, l de­ ghost town. show, that I want to conserve the Amer­ .sire to call attention to certain material There is a plant also at Allentown, Pa., ican dollar just as much as any other in the RECORD which has been subject to which is still operating and building the ].1:ember of this Congress, and I do not some misinterpretation today. most important dive-bombing Navy yield to anyone on that point. But I On the first point that this agency plane that the Navy is building at the b3lieve that for the good of our Nation has sought to. work undue pressure on present time. When they arrived in AI.; this is a time we should do everything lV!embe:r;s of this body by building up a _lentown they were told by the real we can to promote the winning of the backlog of dangling and unfinished estate men and by other business inter- war just as s6on as, we car•. promises and projects, I desire to call , ests in Allentown that there was no ad­ The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ . the attention of the Members to the fol­ ditional housing needed there; but they nizes the gentleman from North Caro­ lowing points on page 315 of the hear­ proceeded under the Navy to build 360 lina [Mr. FoLGER]. ' ings. Mr. Field is testifying: · units in Allentown. Those units were Mr. FOLGER. Hr. Chairman, I have Mr. FIELD. In general the tests of need of . 40 percent completed when they were a suggestion or two to make which I construction and service are: Whether a demolished by order of the Navy D2- hope will be considered pertinent. One community has expanded because of the partment at a loss of $350 to the tax­ is reply to the accusation that this is a ·war and the defense program; whether the payer. program originated by the Federal Works armed services, the War Production Board, I or the War Manpower Commission, which- Mr. Chairman, have no quarrel with Administration in order to perpetu~te it­ .· ever is involved in the war act ivities of the . those re~ponsible for the building of self and its activities. Vle are in a war. community, believe that these facilities or housing, but I believe that the Committee Application~ . came from the people in af­ services are needed; whether the lack of the on Public Buildings and Grounds of this fected areas and from the War and Navy f acilities would impede the war effort; and House listen enti ~·ely too much to those 'Departments. Men and boys are com:ng whether 'the facilities cannot be furn ished in the Army and Navy to give them in- back to the United S ~ ates in numbers by the communit y without imposing an un­ . formation-that they should receive from which alarm us. They are wounded and due tax burden. those municipalities where the housing is ·sick and need care more '!han at any Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Is mere expansion enough, or do you consider what the com­ going to be built, who know far better other time. They need all kinds of munity may have in the way of financial . what housing is necessary than do the facilities nec8ssary for human existence. capacity? Army and Navy. God only knows, the They need places where they may go IVrr . FIELD. We do consider what financial . Army and Navy haye a job to do to win t:;mporarily to receive treatment, aug­ . cat: acity the community has. this war. They have been trained in the menting in very large measure the work military end of war. I think it would of the veterans' hospitals which I am Those are the facts ih the record. Members will do well to recall statements be far better if we allowed the folk afraid will prove entirel' too small. back home, who lmow that business, to They are coming back by the thousands \vhich gentlemen have made before this House. suggest to the committe.es what is neces­ and perhaps may come by the millions. sary in the way of housing. I want to give you a little testimony This agency likewise said that such projects, approved after such searching The ·CHAIRl\-:lAN. The time of the about my own town which is in.a defense gentleman has expired. The Chair rec­ . area but which has no particular plants examination, but for which they had no money, now totaled $13,500,000, and that ognizes the gentleman from California that we call exclusively war agencies or · [Mr. OUTLAND]. war manufacturing plants. without additional funds they could not start them and they could not carry on Mr. OUTLAND. Mr. Chairman, when Every factory there is dedicated to the I first came back here to Washington to manufacture of war materials. That is their service, I would like very much to see the - represent the Eleventh District of Cali­ 90 percent of its output. The people go fornia, it was my privilege to be assigned from my county to points in Virginia amendment which the gentleman from Texas [Mr. LANHAM] offered·, agreed to. to the Public Buildings and Grounds where there are exclusively war-material Committee of the House, under the very plants. They live in my community It closely affects the congested districts which so many of us in these war times able chairmanship of the gentleman where their families must be cared for. from Texas [Mr. LANHAM]. Soon after Their children and their wives must have represent. The school system of Brem- . erton, Wash., which is the location of · coming back here, also it was an addi­ hospital care, nurse care, educational tional honor to be assigned to a subcom­ care, and child care. The Federal Works the great Puget Sound Navy Yard, is vitally affected by the passage or the mittee to check into the needs in war­ Agency is :hot projecting this as a self­ congested 3treas throughout the Nation, perpetuating proposition. failure of this amendment. We have In my home town there is a hospital two badly needed school constructions especially on the west coast. furnished by the Duke Foundation, but there which will not be undertaken if During those days when we took those trips it was brought home to us very the Dul~e Foundation has no funds with more funds are not made available. which to enlarge it. I have not been in I hope that the new amendment which vividly the extreme need not only for that hospital within 2 or 3 years when the gentleman from Texas [Mr. LAN­ housing, but for additional community it was not overtaxed. I was there the HAM] has offered will be passed by this facilities. In the 2 years since that tim~ other day. The sitting rooms, the halls, body. that need has greatly increased. The in" and every available space in there are The CHAIRMAN. The time of the creased population on the west coast, the taken up by patients, many of them sol­ · eentleman from Washington [Mr. DE increased war production, the increased diers, and the wives and children of LACY] has expired. emphasis on the war in the Pacific, and soldiers. The doors of that hospital are Mr. GERLACH. Mr. Chairman, I the greater increase on all these different open to every soldier and his family re­ have no quarrel about the amendment factors that will come during the next gardless of whether they. are able to pay offered by the chairman of the. commit­ few months, make it imperative that a price for treatment and care or not. tee, but it is my intention to bring be­ there be sufficient housing and that there Over in another end of my county they fore you a few facts. be sufficient community facilities. have another hospital needing enlarge­ I have listened to the chairman of the We used to hear in this House a great ment. It was not known whether the . Committee on Appropriations with inter­ deal of talk about labor absenteeism. Federal Works Agency could meet the est, -who has stated that the airplane The more that absenteeism was checked need and a preacher went over the coun­ plants are mostly located in California. into the more it was found that the ab­ try and begged the money to pay for it I believe the largest ones are. However, sentee rate was high when there were themselves. We are like the gentleman I represent two counties in eastern improper community housing and im­ suggested about limitati.ons of taxation. Pennsylvania and I have one airplane proper community facilities, and that the Our State would do a great deal toward plant in each of those counties. absentee rate was low when there was enlarging these facilities for hospital The first one in Buck County, known adequa.~e community facilities and hous­ care, nurse care, ch-ild care, and educa- as the Brewster plant, was under investi- ing.. _ I 1945 ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD~HOUSE · 1631 The gentleman from California [Mr. have had to be brought to this section agencies. We ·are going to have men lz:AcJ and the gentleman from California of the country. It is only fair to them. looking for jobs, and I would much [Mr. ELLIOTT] have given specific exam­ 1t is only fair to those in our armed serv­ rather see an agency like the Federal ples of the type of community facilities ices that the facilities in question be pro­ Works Agency, with a background of that are badly needed out there. Let vided here. . To fail to do this would be to public works projects on the shelf to me give 'One additional type that has not directly injure the war effort. throw in during a slack time of employ­ been mentioned and which may be great­ This is not a matter that affects only ment, than to have another W. P. A. on ly harmed if funds are not available. In the west coast. Directly or indirectly it our hands which we will have if theRe­ a particular community on the west affects every State and every community publican Party on this side has its say coast now P.roduclng more fish products in the United States. I beg of the mem­ about it in this particular bill. than any other area of the United states, bership of this House that sectional prej­ The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ a great many women are working in the udice, local interests, and political .snip­ nizes the gentleman from California factories. In order that those women ing be laid aside and the bigger issues [Mr. McDoNOUGHJ. ma;v work, there have to be nursery given paramount consideration. I hope Mr. McDONOUGH. Mr. Chairman, I schools and other facilities for their chil­ that we here will place the war effort cannot endorse what the previous speak­ dren. All along the west coast such nurs­ ahead of anything and everything else. er just said concerning the Republican ery schools are now increasing and mul­ By our action on this amendment and Members of the House. There mav be tiplying, The more they are increased similar ones we will make our position times when individuals might be ~tig­ and the better they are staffed, the less here clear. For my part, I wish to take matized for being too economical, but will be the problem of manpower and my stand along with those who are will­ when he includes all of the Members on womanpower in essential war industries ing to provide proper and decent commu­ the other side he can exclude me in and industries closely allied to the war nity facilities for our war workers who this instance, because I spoke on the effort. By his insistence upon his point are contributing so much to the coming Lanham amendment before he did. of order, the gentleman from New York victory over Japan. May I say that before coming to Con- is doing great injury to these projects. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ . gress I resigned from the position of I should like to take this opportunity nizes the genUeman from Rhode Island member of the Board of Supervisors of also to say one further thing, and that is [Mr. FOGARTY]. Los Angeles County. We have a hun­ this: Certain insinuations have been Mr. FOGARTY. Mr. Chairman, I dred-million-dollar budget to rw1 that raised here today regarding the National have listened with a great de_al of inter­ county. In addition to the funds we Housing Agency and the Federal Works est to the chairman of · the Committee provide for the services of people who .Agency. It has been implied that these on Public Buildings and Grounds, the are affected by the war in the congested are self-perpetuating bureaus. Of all gentleman from Texas [Mr. LANHAM], areas, it is necessary for us to look to the Government agencies I have come in and the chairman of the Subcommittee aid from the Federal Government for contact with ·I know of none that are of the Committee on Military Affairs for services such as the Lanham amendment more conscientious in trying to do the job Congested Areas, the gentleman from would provide. than these two. I know of no two Gov­ California [Mr. IzAcJ. 1 do not believe In addition to the funds we provide ,ernment administrators who are better that there are two better informed men out of the tax revenues we collect from qualified and who a,re more conscientious in this House on the needs of community the people on real or personal property, than Mr. Blandford, head of the National facilities throughout this country than we have the burden of the Defense Plant Housing Agency, and General Fleming, those two men, both of whom have al­ Corporation installations in Los Ang,eles hea<.l of the Federal Works Agency. ready spoken on this subject. The gen­ County that takes out a million dollars' They are doing an excellent job. tleman from California [Mr. IzAcJ has worth of tax revenues that we would May I also say that the chairman of been serving as chairman of this sub­ otherwise have if it was taxed as a pri­ the Public Building and Grounds Com­ committee for the past 2 years. In vate possession; in other words, we are mittee of this House on the first Tuesday those 2 years he has done more good facing the responsibility of meeting this of every month calls a meeting; at that for these congested areas throughout the added cost that will be placed upon us time these Administrators and their as­ country, I think, than any other com­ if this fund is not left in this bill, plus sistants are brought up here and the mittee of the House. He has made two the loss of a million dollars in tax reve­ problems are worked out mutually be­ trips to the· west coast. He spent a nues because of installations of the Fed­ tween the administration and this com­ week -holding hearings in Seattle, ~ort­ eral Government for war purposes. So mittee of Congress. Problems are land, Long Beach, S.an Francisco, Los . I am appealing on the basis of fair and frankly faced, and ironed out coopera­ Angeles, and San· Diego. He was not reasonable judgment to the Members of tively between Congressmen and Ad­ just calling in members of the armed this House to adopt the Lanham amend­ ministrators. forces, the representatives of the Army ment and leave this fund in the bill. I think if that particular device which and the Navy. They were open hear­ Mr. JOHNSON of California. Mr. has been instituted by the distinguished ings, and the officials of the State and Chairman, will the gentleman yield? gentleman from Texas were followed by thf3 cities were invited to every hearing Mr. McDONOUGH. I yield to the gen­ other committees of the House there that was held. They all had their say. tleman from California. would be less friction and less conflict They were all for the same purpose, that Mr. JOHNSON of California. I want and greater achievement in Government is, that we need those buildings; we need to point out that there are some projects bureaus. these various facilities. If anybody is out there now that require housing very One final word. It has been mentioned going to take the blame for taking away badly. The one I am thinking about in on this floor this afternoon that these from those men who are working in the particular is the ship supply depot at community facilities would not be nec­ airplane factories and in the shipyards Stockton, Calif., where there are now essary if war contracts were awarded to of this country the decent standard liv­ only 50 employees, but on July 1 there other sections of the country. Ladies ing conditions that we are entitled to, will be 3,145 employees. That group and gentlemen, you cannot change the it will be you who did not vote for this needs 2,903 houses. There is not one fact that the war emphasis is being appropriation. It is going to be the single available house in Stockton. That placed increasingly on the. Pacific coast. end of the Republican Party on this side depot is the one that is going to supply You cannot change the location of the for making the point of order as they the major part of the supplies for the big bomber plants. You cannot change have in striking out the amount included Pacific Fleet in the present war. To serv­ the location of Bremerton Navy Yard. for the Federal W0rks Agency at the ice them properly, we must have houses, You cannot change the location of Mare present time. I remember when they and they should be built in the next few Island. You cannot change the location criticized W. P. A. They will criticize months to take care of those workers. of Port Hueneme, one of the most impor­ every Government agency when they get Mr. McDONOUGH. I appreciate what tant ports for shipping -supplies to our the chance. But I do not believe there my colleague says. Let me remind the men in the Pacific. It is the existence of is a better Government agency operat­ House also that recently Eric John­ these and countless other war and naval ing at this time than the Federal Works ston, of the United States Chamber of bases that has brought about the conges­ Agency. I want to see that agency con­ Commerce, mad-e the statement that the tion on the west coast. Because of this tinued, because when this war is over we Government awarded a contrf\.ct in the fact, hundreds of thousands of workers are going to have :some Government San Diego area that will require 5,000 . 1632 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 1 additional men. You cannot get men of this particular district with 4,586 Mr. DOYLE. Mr. Chairman, I had into San Diego with a shoehorn now, and pupils, many of them attending in a set not planned to maRe my maiden speech · you cannot find space to put up tents to of temporary buildings we have erected. this afternoon until I discovered what put people in there. Still there has been The State of California is spending is very apparently a move which will an award of a contract that will require up to $4,000 per classroom unit per year, have. tragic results in my own congres­ 5,000 additional homes. the highest in the Nation next to New sional district in California unless the. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ York. We a1;e doing our part in this amendment offered by the gentleman nizes the gentleman from Idaho [Mr. educational program but we cannot do it ·from Texas [Mr. LANHAM] should suc­ VV HITE]. all. We have an overload of 1,694 chil­ ""Ceed. I have the honor to represent in Mr. WHITE. Mr. Chairman, we are dren right in that one school district this distinguished body the great Eight­ discussing here an appropriation bill that whose parents were brought in there to eenth Congressional District in the State carries $2,EOO,OOO,OOO. I want to inform help in the war effort. Their parents are of California which, broadly speaking, the Committee of a single transaction worlr..ing "in the Phelps-Dodge Corpora­ contains the great shipbuilding indus­ t hat involves a like amount. It is re­ tion, the Chrysler Tank Manufacturing tr.ies-Calship, Consolidated Ship, Craig, ported in the Washington Post of March Corporation, the Willys-Overland Co., the ·great~ Roosevelt Naval B:1se-and the 1. I read ·from an article entitled, the United States Rubber Co., the Gnod­ great aircraft industries of Douglas at "F: ance Is Given Huge Credit To Step rich Rubber Co., and other defense Long Beach, and ponsolidated Vultee. Up Its Pa-rt in War." plants, all of them on war contracts. So I think if there is any district in this France yesterday accepted a new-type We have talked a lot about money here Nation which should be concerned with · lend-lease arran gement offered by the United today. There is about $2G,OOO ,OOO in- the stability and education and security St ate3 which, in ~ddition to the· customary . valved in this particular amendment I of the children of that district, it is the lend-lease and reciprocal aid agreements, pro­ am interested in rig~t at this point. district which I represent. I think I vid es for credits to France totaling $2,575,­ That is less than the cost of 1 cruiser, speak with some authority because of GO:',OOO. the fact, may I point out to this distin­ The credit s cover such civilian-type items. yet it means that close to 100,000 pupils as oil, other raw materials, food, locomotives, will not get adequate sehoul facilities in guished body, that for 15 consecutive railroad cars, and inrdered. operator. sioner hesitated, his face fiushed, and he Sixth. Field examiners came into the Eleventh. I called this case specifi­ said,-"Oh, no." operator's place of business on three dis­ . caUy to the attention of the Office of Seventeenth. On January 18 he issued tinct· occasions, gathering material in Price Administration on September 17, a warning order stating that the records the course of their investigation. At no 1944, and received no answer. were not adequate, although the evidence time did they disclose what. they were Twelfth. On November 17, 1944, the had disclosed that they were a complete investigating or what information they Office of Price Administration liaison record of the daily figures required and wanted, except to request the records of officer to Congress wrote me and asked they were never challenged as to ~ccu­ cash receipts and disbursements. These me to submit to him any questions that racy or authenticity. Furthermore, they they were furnished, and they were also : I might have regarding the operation of ·had all. been in the hands of the local told that if they would disclose the 0. P. A. in my district. I submitted this board as early as February 8 and 18 of reason for their investigation and the problem in a five-page letter, asking that 1944, a full year previous to the hearing. exact figures they were seeking to verify, a complete examination of the opera· Eighteenth. We are now engaged in the operator would be glad to supply the tions of the Hamilton board in connec­ having the full stenographic transcript records of those transactions. The in­ tion with institutional users' allotments of the hearing prepared, and are appeal­ vestigators told the operator that they be conducted and that the base-period ing the findings of the hearing commisa could not discuss the case with him nor figures of the 254 applications in this sioner to the chief hearing commissioner with his accountant. board's district be verified by the records in Washington. It is pertinent to note Seventh. Representing this operator of the operators and that this be done that during this entire delay and up as an accountant, I requested that the prior to December 31, 1944, because of to September 1944 no points were issued board' disclose the reason for their in­ the provision in the regulations which to this operator for his business for the vestigation and the exact figures that required these operators to ·save their year 1944. In September, without an­ they desired to h~ve proven. Instead of base-period records of the month of De­ swering my letter, the 0. P. A. did issue being given this information, charges . cember 1942 for 2 years. I was advised to the operator points in an amount were filed against the operato·r and a that this would be done. based upon his base period only. hearing set for May 8, the day before Thirteenth. On December 5 I received I charge that this case was instigated the primary in which I was a candidate. ~ a reply to my letter of September 17, as a political hurdle for my own candi­ However, the Cincinnati office of the En­ 1944, saying that my letter had gotten dacy, that .it was the result of a con­ forcement Division neglected to say· at into the files by mistake but that they spiracy headed by the chief .clerk of the what building and in what room the were referring it to the Division of En­ Hamilton board, that her act was con­ hearing would be held, and therefore the forcement. I replied, calling their at­ doned by. the members of the Hamilton hearing notice was invalid. !~ · was cor­ tention to the fact that my criticisms. board in a hearing February 18, 194.4, rected a day later, and the hearing s.et were. in connection with administration when they stated that whatever the clerks for May 9, which was primary day in our and not enforcement and that the matter of this board do we will support them. district. We requested a continuance had been submitted to Washington at the I further charge that the chief food from May 9, and it was set for June 9, request of the congressional liaison om .. ·rationing officer of the Cincinnati dis­ because the hearing commissioners reach cer of the 0. P. A. and that I was await· trict was involved in the conspiracy, that our territory only once in 30 days. · ing his report. the chief field examiner of the Cincin­ Eighth. On June 9 we appeared with Fourteenth. On December 15, I re· nati office was invo~ved in the conspir­ the records of the operations_.:.an ·attor­ ceived a letter from the district director, acy, and that the enforcement division ney representing the. client and myself suggesting ·that a personal c<,>nference of the Cincinnati district office W9,s as his accountant--prepared to furnish might be advisable. I was able to attend also involved. The resignations of Mr. full ' and complete information under this conference in his ofilce in Cincinnati Fisher, the chief field examiner, and of oath. The Government's attorney· re· on December 29. He had in his ofilce at Mr. . George Weber, theO. P. A. attorney, 1638 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE l\1:ARCH 1 are evidence of the fact. that they could I personally believe that the adminis­ . REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUBLIC not sustain their position in this matter. trative procedures of the Office of Price BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS I further charge that the chief clerk ·Administration should be definitely fixed Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of of the Hamilton board advised other by statute law passed by this Congress, committees were delivered to. the Clerk operators in the Hamilton district to fix . and that the ·administrative procedures for printing and reference to the proper their base figures at a point sufficiently ·should follow the lines of the Internal calendar, as follows: hig-h to guarantee them sufficient .points Revenue Department in detennining the Mr. O'TOOLE: Committee on the Library. to cover their desired ·meat allotments, basis for charges and in procedures to be House Joint Resolution 18. Joint resolution s,nd that if the examination I requested followed by business operators. If this providing for the celebration in 194.5 of the from the 0. P. A. had been completed 'type of organization is followed the con­ one-hundredth anniversary of the founding by Janm~.ry 1, 1944, fully 80 percent of sumer cannot be hurt any mot"e than is of the United States N.aval Academy, Annap­ these operators could not have sustained legally possible under orders which are olis, Md.; without amendment (Rept. No. 243) . Referred to the Committee of the their base period figures. The investi~ now in existence, some of which do not Whole House on the state of the Union. gation which I requested through the hold the price line. . The Kroger Grocery Mr. BLOOM: Committee on Foreign Af­ liaison officer in November 1944 was con­ & Baking Co., in its report for 1943 ad­ fairs. H. R. 689. A bill to enable the De~ ducted in December 19'44, but not thor­ vised its stockholders that it had loaned partment of State, pursuant to its responsi­ oughly, and no report was ever issued to $50,000 worth of junior executives to the bilities under the Constitution and statutes ·me concerning the findings. However, Office of Price Administration, and that of the United States, more effectively to carry another investigation was undertaken in they were then reporting for the year out its prescribed and traditional responsi­ the month of January 1945, and while a 1S43 more profit than they had ever bilities in the foreign field; to streng~hen the gentleman from the VV'ashington 0. P. A. made. Their report for the year 1944 Foreign Service, permitting fullest utilization ofi'ice talked with me for 15 minutes in of available personnel and facilities of other discloses even greater earnings than they departments and agencies and coordination my Hamilton office at that time, he has reported in 1943. of activities abroad of the United States un­ not yet submitted his report on the mat­ When I was district comptroller for der a Foreign Service for the United S ~ate s ter and I have no advice as to when this the Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co., in unified under the guidance of the J:? epart­ report \Vill be filed. Philadelphia, we were extremely lucky ment of State; Without amendment (Rept. I charge that this condition exists in to net 1 cent per gross dollar of sales. In No. 51, pt. II). Referred to the Committee the Cincinnati district because of the the year 1943 a small chain of grocery of the Whole House on the state of the Union. fact that there is no effort made to ob­ stores, under price regulations then ex­ tain Efilcient personnel, and that one of isting, had a net profit of 5 cents per PUELIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS the reasons for this deficiency which we gross dollar of sales, and in view of the Under clause 3 of rule XXII, public are now covering with this appro~~ria­ Kroger Grocery & Baking Co.'s statement tion lies in the fact that an employee bills and resolutions were introduced and ·this condition existed in all chain stores severally referred as follows: who was earning $3,800 per year was at that time. moved to a job naying $5,6fi 0, and the 'Vhile this deficiency appropriation By }.1:r. BOYKIN: $3,800 job was filled with the man who H. R. 2416. A bill authorizing the S tate of must be passed at this time to pay the Alabama to lease or sell and convey all or any had been in the $5,600 position, and he cost of operating the agency for the pe­ part of the Salt Springs land granted to said continued to receive $5,600. The man riod covered, we should not lose sight of State by the act of March 2, 1819; to the Com­ who was moved from the low-priced the fact that fundamental changes in mittee on the Public Lands. job to the high-priced job was located administrative methods and fundamen­ By Mr. GATHING S: in the Dayton,, Ohio, office, where he tal changes in enforcement procedures H. R. 2417. ·A hill to authorize the comple­ tion by the m:e of Lanham Act funds of hos­ maintained an insurance agency while ought to be provided by statute law be~ employed in the 0. P. A., and spent part pital projects initiated by the Worlts ProgreEs fore we reenact the powers of the Office Administration and the Work Projects Ad­ of his afternoons playing handball in of Price Administr.ation. the Dayton Y. M. C. A. ministration to the Committee on Appro­ LEAVE OF ABSENCE priations. I make these observations and these By Mr. GEARHART: charges in the hope that we may By unanimous consent, leave of ab~ H. R. 2418. A bill to authorize the United strengthen the administration of which sence was granted as follows: States commissioner for the Sequoia National I am a part, and not with any intention To Mr. ROBERTSON of North Dakota, for Park to exercise similar functions for the of critic ~z~ng the entire structure of the 1 week, starting Monday March 5, on ac­ Kings Canyon National Park; to the Com~ . 0. P. A. There are some very glaring count of official business. mittee on the Public Lands. abuses of administrativP. procedures, and By Mr. GREGORY: To Mr. LYNDON B. JOHNSON (at there­ H. R. 2419. A bill relating to the credit for up to this time I have found no way quest of Mr.. THOMASON) for today and tax withheld at source on wa::;es of certain within the 0. P. A. of correcting these balance of this week, on account of ill­ fiscal-year taxpayers to the Committee on abuses. The small businessman is not . ness in family. Ways and Means. given adequate protection in the pro­ ADJOURNMENT By Mr. HENDRICKS: cedures of the 0. P. A. The chiseler is H. R. 2420. A bill to provide for the erection still free to ply his art, but, in my ex­ Mr. RAMSPECK. Mr. Speaker, I move of a monument to the United States Marine perience, the businessman who attempts that the House do now adjourn. Corps; to the Committee on the Library . . to comply with the regulations is sub­ The motion was agreed to; according­ By Mr. KNUTSON: ly