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Grigory Dudarev Sergey Boltramovich Dmitry Efremov from RUSSIAN

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Grigory Dudarev Sergey Boltramovich Dmitry Efremov from RUSSIAN Sarja B 195 Series ______________________________________________________ Grigory Dudarev Sergey Boltramovich Dmitry Efremov FROM RUSSIAN FORESTS TO WORLD MARKETS A Competitive Analysis of the Northwest Russian Forest Cluster ETLA, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy Publisher: Taloustieto Oy Helsinki 2002 Cover: Mainos MayDay, Vantaa 2002 ISBN 951-628-379-9 ISSN 0356-7443 Printed in: Yliopistopaino, Helsinki 2002 DUDAREV, Grigory – BOLTRAMOVICH, Sergey – EFREMOV, Dmitry, FROM RUSSIAN FORESTS TO WORLD MARKETS. Helsinki: ETLA, Elinkeinoelämän Tutkimuslaitos, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy, 2002, 154 p. (B, ISSN 0356-7443; No. 195). ISBN 951-628-379-9. ABSTRACT: This study examines the Northwest Russian forest industry, tradition- ally the region’s most important industry, its competitiveness and future prospects. The transition to the market economy and privatization have left their mark on the industry. Demand and markets have changed, requiring new strategies, operation models and industrial policy. The book analyzes competitiveness employing the so- called cluster analysis approach. The competitiveness of the Northwest Russian for- est industry is currently based on production factors, whose conditions have, how- ever, deteriorated during the reform process. Machinery and equipment are outdated, productivity is low and production consists mainly of products with low value added. In principle, the Northwest Russian forest cluster has all the necessary elements that, if developed and improved, could make the cluster competitive. Such developments and improvements require substantial investments and cooperation amongst compa- nies. The book also introduces the most important forest industry companies of Northwest Russia. For many companies export revenues are the main source of in- come. Investments in production and infrastructure are needed to keep exports at their present level and to increase them. Foreign investors can play a very important role in the development of the Northwest Russian forest industry, if the risks associ- ated with, and barriers to, investment are reduced. KEY WORDS: Northwest Russia, forest industry, industrial clusters, competitive advantage, economic development, industrial policy DUDAREV, Grigory – BOLTRAMOVICH, Sergey – EFREMOV, Dmitry, VENÄ- JÄN METSISTÄ MAAILMAN MARKKINOILLE. Helsinki: ETLA, Elinkeino- elämän Tutkimuslaitos, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy, 2002, 154 s. (B, ISSN 0356-7443; No. 195). ISBN 951-628-379-9. TIIVISTELMÄ: Tutkimus käsittelee Luoteis-Venäjälle perinteisesti tärkeää metsäte- ollisuutta, sen kilpailukykyä ja tulevaisuudennäkymiä. Venäjän siirtyminen markkinata- louteen ja yksityistäminen ovat jättäneet jälkensä metsäteollisuuteen. Kysyntä ja markki- nat ovat muuttuneet; nyt tarvitaan uusia strategioita, toimintamalleja ja elinkeinopoli- tiikkaa. Tutkimuksessa analysoidaan kilpailukykyä ns. klusterianalyysin avulla. Tällä het- kellä kilpailukyky perustuu tuotannontekijöihin, joiden tila on uudistusten myötä kui- tenkin heikentynyt. Koneet ja laitteet ovat vanhentuneita, tuottavuus alhainen ja tuotan- to keskittyy jalostamattomiin tuotteisiin. Periaatteessa Luoteis-Venäjän metsäklusterilla on kaikki peruselementit, joita kehittämällä siitä voisi tulla kilpailukykyinen. Uudistumi- nen vaatii mittavia investointeja ja yhteistyötä yritysten kesken. Tutkimuksessa esitellään Luoteis-Venäjän tärkeimmät metsäteollisuusyritykset. Monille yrityksille vienti on pää- asiallinen tulonlähde. Myös sen pitäminen nykyisellä tasolla ja kasvattaminen edellyttä- vät investointeja tuotantoon ja infrastruktuuriin. Ulkomaisten investoijien merkitys met- säteollisuuden uudistamisessa voi olla suuri, jos investoinnin esteitä ja riskejä saadaan pienennettyä. ASIASANAT: Luoteis-Venäjä, metsäteollisuus, teolliset klusterit, kilpailuetu, talou- dellinen kasvu, elinkeinopolitiikka Preface Finland has for centuries lived on forests and wood processing. We call our forests green gold and renew them continuously. For this reason, it is easy for us to see what a huge potential our neighboring country Rus- sia has in its forests, which are the largest unexploited forest resources in the world. Forests can bring continuous wealth to Russia unlike its ex- haustible natural resources, and the wealth can be evenly distributed throughout the country. This book studies forestry and the forest industry in Northwest Rus- sia. The forest industry has long traditions in the region. In the 18th and 19th centuries, it was the leading industry in Northwest Russia. Wood products were sent to Europe via the Archangel and later the St. Peters- burg seaports. Production volumes continued to grow during the Soviet period due to state investments, although the country’s competitiveness deteriorated on the world market. Today, exports consist of products with low value added and they are based mainly on raw materials, trans- portation, energy and cheap labor. The Russian forest industry will face a period of widespread develop- ment. Increasing international competitiveness requires investments in production technology, improvements to quality, and a shift towards higher value-added production. Productivity levels must also be raised to offset rising production costs. Investments have to be made despite the crying need for funds. Northwest Russia is the region best suited for the first development wave of Russia’s forest industry. It has the country’s best infrastructure, industrial traditions, export market expertise, an abundant labor force and ample opportunities for vocational training. And, above all, North- west Russia is in close proximity to European markets and Russia’s larg- est population centers. The Finnish forest industry operates internationally. Our companies have cautiously started to invest in Russia, too. The risks associated with making big investments are still too high, however. Investment will nev- ertheless increase, especially if investment barriers are reduced as our Russian researchers suggest in this book. Helsinki, November 2002 Pentti Vartia Author’s Preface Authors of the present study are among the first that started to elaborate the necessary analytical base and material for understanding of the com- plex issues such as regional and industrial development in the period of transition. This Study is part of a larger project entitled “Analysis of the competitiveness of Northwest Russia,” the goal of which is to assess the growth potential of the Northwest of the Russian Federation in the con- ditions of transition to the open market. The project implies the analysis of the five industries most important to the economy of this region: for- est, energy, metallurgy and metalworking, ICT and food. The research was carried out by a consortium of participants, including: The Center for Strategic Research (www.csr.ru), a leading Russian think tank that prepared a current action plan and strategy for the Russian Government; ETLA (www.etla.fi) - the Research Institute for the Finnish Economy, a leading Finnish economic research institute; and Solid Invest (www.solidinvest.com), a St. Petersburg research-based consulting company. We are happy to express our appreciation of valuable help, understanding and support provided by these organizations in our research. The authors are grateful also for financial support from the Finnish Forest Industries Federation and the leading forest cluster companies: UPM-Kymmene, Stora Enso, Metsä-Botnia, Andrizt, Metso Paper, and Timberjack that made it possible to analyze matters with significant depth and penetration. We would like herewith to express our gratitude to the Steering Group members and other experts that supported and provided valuable inputs to the study: Mr Timo Poranen, President, Mr Claes von Ungern- Sternberg, Director, Mr Pekka Kallio-Mannila, Counsellor, Finnish For- est Industries Federation; Mr Pekka Rahkila, Vice President, Business Development, Andrizt Oy; Mr Timo Piilonen, Vice President, Strategic Investments, Mr Timo Karinen, Vice President, Business Development, Oy Metsä-Botnia Ab; Mr Mikko Siiteri, Senior Vice President, Strategic Development, Mr Auli Huotari, Senior Sales Manager, Russian Trade, Metso Paper; Mr Kimmo Kalela, Senior Executive Vice President, Mr Voitto Pölkki, Senior Vice President, Forest, Mr Kauko Parviainen, Deputy Senior Vice President, Forest Operations, Stora Enso Oyj; Mr Erkki Enkola, Marketing Director, Northwest Russia, Timberjack Oy; Mr Kari Ketola, Director, Mr Erkki Jalkanen, Director, Business Plan- ning, Mr Heikki Pikkarainen, Director, Strategic Development, UPM- Kymmene Group. The authors wish to acknowledge persons who have contributed the study as experts and active participants to the meetings of the project: Ms Nina Vaskunlahti, Minister and Deputy Head of Mission, Mr Pertti Veijola, Councellor, Economic & Commercial Affairs, Embassy of Finland; Mr Kari Tolvanen, Director, Mr Pekko Kohonen, Training Manager, Sitra - The Finnish National Fund for Research and Develop- ment; Mr Harri Ahveninen, Director, Business Development, Mr Lasse Koivunen, Senior Consultant, Jaakko Pöyry Group Oyj; Mr Janne Simelius, Senior Partner, Merasco Capital Oy; Mr Seppo Pulliainen, Sen- ior Operation Manager, Mr Timo Hokkanen, Senior Operations Man- ager, Technical Assistance Programs, IFC International Finance Corpo- ration, Central and Eastern Europe Department. Authors would espe- cially like to thank Mr Igor Ignatov, General Director of Giprobum, which is the leading R&D institution
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