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The Online Journal of Communication and Media Volume 4 Issue 1 January 2018 ISSN: xxxx‐xxxx The Online Journal of Communication and Media Volume 4 Issue 1 January 2018 Editor‐in‐Chief Prof. Dr. Aytekin İşman Editors Prof. Dr. Aydın Ziya ÖZGÜR Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ergun YOLCU Associate Editor Assist. Prof. Dr. Seçil KAYA Technical Editor Hüseyin ESKİ Journal Secretary Mustafa ÖZTUNÇ www.tojcam.net January 2018 The Online Journal of Communication and Media – January 2018 Volume 4, Issue 1 Copyright © 2015 - THE ONLINE JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION AND MEDIA All rights reserved. No part of TOJCAM’s articles may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Contact Address: Prof. Dr. Aytekin İŞMAN TOJCAM, Editor in Chief Published in TURKEY Sakarya-Turkey www.tojcam.net Copyright © The Online Journal of Communication and Media The Online Journal of Communication and Media – January 2018 Volume 4, Issue 1 Message from the Editor-in-Chief Dear Colleagues, TOJCAM welcomes you. TOJCAM would like to thank you for your online journal interest. The online journal system has been diffused very fast for last four years. TOJCAM has continued to diffuse new trends in communication and media to all over the world. TOJCAM is confident that readers will learn and get different aspects on communication and media. Any views expressed in this publication are the views of the authors and are not the views of the Editor and TOJCAM. TOJCAM thanks and appreciate all reviewers who have acted as reviewers for one or more submissions of this issue for their valuable contributions. TOJCAM, TASET, Governor State University & Sakarya University will organize ITICAM - 2018 (www.iticam.net) between July 18 - 20, 2018 in Paris, France. For any suggestions and comments on the international online journal TOJCAM, please do not hesitate to send mail. Call for Papers TOJCAM invites you article contributions. Submitted articles should be about all aspects of communication and media. The articles should be original, unpublished, and not in consideration for publication elsewhere at the time of submission to TOJCAM. Manuscripts must be submitted in English. TOJCAM is guided by TOJCAM’s editors, guest editors and advisory boards. If you are interested in contributing to TOJCAM as an author, guest editor or reviewer, please send your CV to [email protected]. January 01, 2018 Prof. Dr. Aytekin ISMAN Editor-in-Chief Sakarya University www.tojcam.net Copyright © The Online Journal of Communication and Media The Online Journal of Communication and Media – January 2018 Volume 4, Issue 1 Editor-in-Chief Prof. Dr. Aytekin İŞMAN - Sakarya University, Turkey Editors Prof. Dr. Aydın Ziya ÖZGÜR ‐ Anadolu University, Turkey Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ergun YOLCU - Istanbul University, Turkey Associate Editor Assist. Prof. Dr. Seçil KAYA - Anadolu University, Turkey Technical Editor Hüseyin ESKİ - Sakarya University, Turkey Journal Secretary Mustafa ÖZTUNÇ - Sakarya University, Turkey Editorial Board Prof. Dr. Ahmet KALANDER - Selçuk Prof. Dr. Finland CHENG - National Pingtung University, Turkey University, Taiwan Prof. Dr. Antoinette J. MUNTJEWERFF - Prof. Dr. Francine Shuchat SHAW - New York University of Amsterdam, Netherlands University, United States Prof. Dr. Arvind SINGHAL - University of Prof. Dr. Gianni Viardo VERCELLI - Texas, United States University of Genova, Italy Prof. Dr. Aydın Ziya OZGUR - Anadolu Prof. Dr. Gilbert Mbotho MASITSA - University, Turkey Universirty of The Free State, South Africa Prof. Dr. Aysel AZİZ- Yeni Yüzyıl University, Prof. Dr. Gregory ALEXANDER - University Turkey of The Free State, South Africa Prof. Dr. Aytekin İŞMAN - Sakarya Prof. Dr. Gül BATUŞ - Maltepe University, University, Turkey Turkey Prof. Dr. Betül ÇELİK - Ankara University, Prof. Dr. Gwo-Jen HWANG - National Taiwan Turkey University od Science and Technology, Prof. Dr. Brent G. WILSON - University of Taiwan Colorado at Denver, United States Prof. Dr. Hale KÜNÜÇEN, Başkent Prof. Dr. Can BİLGİLİ - Istanbul Ticaret University, Turkey University, Turkey Prof. Dr. Heli RUOKAMO - University of Prof. Dr. Cengiz Hakan AYDIN - Anadolu Lapland, Finland University, Turkey Prof. Dr. Hülya YENĞİN - İstanbul Aydın Prof. Dr. Claribel A. Matias - Saint Mary’s University, Turkey University, Philippines Prof. Dr. Henry H.H. CHEN - National Prof. Dr. Colin LATCHEM - Open Learning Pingtung University, TAIWAN Consultant, Australia Prof. Dr. Hon Keung YAU - City University of Prof. Dr. Don M. FLOURNOY - Ohio Hong Kong, Hong Kong University, United States Prof. Dr. Işık ÖZKAN - Yeditepe Univeristy, Prof. Dr. Ergun YOLCU - Istanbul University, Turkey Turkey Prof. Dr. J. Ana DONALDSON - AECT Prof. Dr. Filiz Tiryakioglu - Anadolu Former President, United States University, Turkey Prof. Dr. J. Michael SPECTOR - University of North Texas, United States www.tojcam.net Copyright © The Online Journal of Communication and Media The Online Journal of Communication and Media – January 2018 Volume 4, Issue 1 Prof. Dr. Jerry WILLIS - Manhattanville Prof. Dr. Steve HARMON - Georgia State College, United States University, United States Prof. Dr. KHALIDI IDRISSI Mohammed - Prof. Dr. Zaidatol Akmaliah Lope Pihie - Mohammadia School of Engineering (EMI) Universiti Putra Malaysia Prof. Dr. Kiyoshi NAKABAYASHI - Chiba Prof. Dr. Zhaleh Refahi - Islamic Azad Institute of Technology, Japan University of Marvdasht Prof. Dr. Kumiko AOKI - The Open Assoc. Prof. Dr. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Baharudin University of Japan, Japan HAISHAN - Universiti Teknologi MARA Prof. Dr. Kuo-En CHANG - National Taiwan Assoc. Prof. Dr. Burcu KAYA ERDEM - Normal University, Taiwan Istanbul University, Turkey Prof. Dr. Marina del Carmen Chávez Sánchez - Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ginette Roberge - Laurentian CELE-UNAM, Mexico University Prof. Dr. Marina Stock MCISAAC - Arizona Assoc. Prof. Dr. GÜVEN N. State University, United States BUYUKBAYKAL - Istanbul University, Prof. Dr. Melih Zafer Arıcan - Sakarya Turkey University, Turkey Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kerim KARABACAK- Prof. Dr. Messaoud FATMI - URME, Algeria Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, TURKEY Prof. Dr. Muhammad Azhar Zailani - Assoc. Prof. Dr. Li-An HO - Tamkang University of Malaya University, Taiwan Prof. Dr. Murat BARKAN - Nişantaşı Assoc. Prof. Dr. Muhammad Rozi Salim - University, Turkey University Teknologi MARA Prof. Dr. Mustafa S. DUNDAR - Sakarya Assoc. Prof. Dr. Özlem OĞUZHAN - Sakarya University, Turkey University, Turkey Prof. Dr. Muzaffer ELMAS - Sakarya Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pornpapatsorn Princhankol University, Turkey - King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Thailand Prof. Dr. Neşe KARS - Istanbul University, Turkey Assoc. Prof. Dr. Thongchai Somboon - Ramkhamhaeng University, Thailand Prof. Dr. NILUFER SEZER - ISTANBUL UNIVERSITESI, Turkey Assist. Prof. Dr. Cengiz ERDAL - Sakarya University, Turkey Prof. Dr. Ozgur GONENC - İstanbul University, Turkey Assist. Prof. Dr. Nevin ALGÜL - M.U., Turkey Prof. Dr. Paolo Di Sia - University of Verona, Italy Assist. Prof. Dr. Özgü YOLCU - Istanbul University, Turkey Prof. Dr. Regina Araujo - Universidade FederL de Ouro Preto, Brazil Assist. Prof. Dr. Passakorn Rueangrong - Naresuan University, Thailand Prof. Dr. Rosalía Lastra - Universidad de Guanajuato, Mexico Assist. Prof. Dr. Seçil KAYA - Anadolu University, Turkey Prof. Dr. Rozhan M. IDRUS - University Sains Malaysia, Malaysia Dr. Ahmet Bülent GÖKSEL - European University of Lefke, Turkish Republic of Prof. Dr. Saedah SIRAJ - University of Northern Cyprus Malaya, Malaysia Dr. Aysun AKINCI YÜKSEL - Anadolu Prof. Dr. Şahin KARASAR - Maltepe University, Turkey University, Turkey Dr. Bedriye POYRAZ - Ankara University, Prof. Dr. Sofya Eremina - Tomsk Polytechnic Turkey University Dr. Faruk KALKAN - European University of Prof. Dr. Stefan AUFENANGER - University Lefke, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus of Mainz, Germany Dr. Gbadebo Olubunmi Adejumo - Covenant University, Nigeria Dr. Gülüm ŞENER - Arel University, Turkey www.tojcam.net Copyright © The Online Journal of Communication and Media The Online Journal of Communication and Media – January 2018 Volume 4, Issue 1 Dr. Hikmet SEÇİM - Cyprus International Lect. Mustafa ÖZTUNÇ - Sakarya University, University, Turkish Republic of Northern Turkey Cyprus Lect. Suriawati Ghazali - University Sultan Dr. Hüseyin KÖSE - Ataturk University, Zainal Abidin Turkey Teacher Noor Faridatul Ainun Zainal - Dr. Ivan Nedeliak - Railway Company Cargo Universiti Kebangsan Malaysia Slovakia Daniel Muners Sanchez - Universidad EAFIT, Dr. Jaroslav Vesely - BRNO UNIVERSITY Colombia OF TECHNOLOGY, Czech Republic Humam Aulia - University of Bengkulu, Dr. Joanna Zalewska-Puchała - Jagiellonian Indonesia University Collegium Medicum Linderkamp Friedrich - University of Dr. Juan Ignacio Barajas Villarruel - UASLP, Wuppertal, Germany Mexico Ming-Chi Tsai - National Yunlin University of Dr. Magdalena Łuka - The John Paul II Science and Technology, Taiwan Catholic University of Lublin, Poland Morteza Sherkatmsoum - Shiveh Soft Co. Dr. Michal Čerešník - Constantine the Muhammed Tahiri - Vizioni-M, Macedonia Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia Norolayn K. Said - Mindanao State University, Dr. Nazan HAYDARİ PAKKAN - Maltepe Phillipines University, Turkey Sutluka Martin - Afghanistan Dr. Nejat ULUSOY - Ankara University, Zamzarina Mohd Adzhar - University of Turkey Malaya Dr. Nilgün ABİSEL - Near East University, Turkey Dr. Nilüfer TİMİSİ - Istanbul University, Turkey Dr. Oğuz ADANIR -
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