Harry Wexler on Geoengineering and Ozone Destruction
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B-100063 Cloud-Seeding Activities Carried out in the United States
WASHINGXJN. O.C. 205.48 13-100063 Schweikcr: LM096545 This is in response to your request of September 22, .2-o 1971, for certain background informatio-n on cloud-seeding activities carried out -...-in _-..T---*the .Unitc.b_S~.~-~,.under programs supported-by the Federal agencies. Pursuant to the specific xz2- questions contained in your request, we directed our:review toward developing information-----a-=v-~ .,- , L-..-”on- .-cloud-seeding ,__ ._ programs sup- ported by Federal agencies, on the cost- ‘and purposes of such progrys, on the impact of cloud seeding on precipitation and severe storms, and on the types of chemicals used for seeding and their effect on the--environment. We also ob- tained dafa cdncerning the extent of cloud seeding conducted over Pennsylvania. Our review was conducted at various Federal departments ’ and agencies headquartered in Washington, D.C., and at cer- tain of their field offices in Colorado and Montana. We in- terviewed cognizant agency officials and reviewed appropriate records and files of the agencies. In addition, we reviewed pertinent reports and documentation of the Federal Council for Science and Technology, the National Academy of Sciences, and the National Water Commission. BACKGROUND AND COST DATA Several Federal agencies support weather modification programs which involve cloud-seeding activities. Major re- search programs include precipitation modification, fog and cloud modification, hail suppression, and lightning and hur- ricane modification. Statistics compiled by the Interdepartmental Committee for Atmospheric Sciences showed that costs for federally spon- sored weather modification rograms during fiscal years 1959 through 1970 totaled about %‘74 million; estimated costs for fiscal years 1971 and 1972 totaled about $35 million. -
B-133202 Need for a National Weather Modification Reseach Program
B-i33202 Multiagency UN1 STA rUG.23~976 I .a COMPTROLLER GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES WASHINGTON. D.C. 20546 B-133202 To the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President pro tempore of the Senate This is our rep,ort entitled “Need for a National Weather Modification Research Program. Weather modification research activities are ad- ministered by the Departments of Commerce and the Interior, the National Science Foundation, and other agencies. Our review was made pursuant to the Budget and Accounting Act, 1921 (31 u. s. c. 53), and the Accounting and Auditing Act of 1950 (31 U. S. C. 67). We are sending copies of this report to the Director, Office of Management and Budget; the Secretary of Agriculture; the Secretary of Commerce; the Secretary of Defense; the Secretary of the Interior; the Secretary of Transportation; the Director, National Science Founda- tion; and the Administrator, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Comptroller General of the United States APPENDIX Page VII Letter dated‘september 12, 1973, from the Associate Director, Office of Management and Budget 54 VIII Letter dated September 27, 1973, from the As- sistant Secretary for Administration, Department of Transportation 60 Ii Principal officials of the departments and agen- cies responsible for administering activities discussed in this report 61 ABBREVIATIONS GAO General Accounting Office ICAS Interdepartmental Committee for Atmospheric Sciences NACOA National Advisory Committee on Oceans and Atmosphere NAS National Academy of Sciences NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NSF National Science Foundation OMB Office of Management and Budget Contents Page DIGEST i CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .1 Scope 2. -
Modelling Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation Interactions for Weather Modification in East Africa
MODELLING AEROSOL-CLOUD-PRECIPITATION INTERACTIONS FOR WEATHER MODIFICATION IN EAST AFRICA By NGAINA, JOSHUA NDIWA I80/95907/2014 Department of Meteorology School of Physical Sciences University of Nairobi. A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Meteorology Department of Meteorology University of Nairobi, Kenya. June 2015. DECLARATION This thesis is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other University Signature Joshua Ndiwa Ngaina Date Department of Meteorology, University of Nairobi. This thesis has been submitted for examination with our approval as University supervisors. Signature Prof. Nzioka J. Muthama Date Department of Meteorology, University of Nairobi. Signature Prof. Joseph M. Ininda Date Department of Meteorology, University of Nairobi. Signature Dr. Alfred O. Opere Date Department of Meteorology, University of Nairobi. ii DEDICATION To my dear father Mr. Patrick Kisembe Ngaina, HSC who has inculcated in me a desire for academic excellence; my mother Fridah Kisembe, for her love and prayers and to all my brothers, sisters and friends for their support. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Thanks to the Almighty Lord for seeing me through the University education this far and successive completion of this Doctorate thesis. May His Holy Name be glorified forever. The success of this PhD study would not have been realized without the support obtained from various individuals and institutions. Therefore, I wish to acknowledge unreservedly those individuals and institutions who contributed directly or indirectly towards the successful completion of this study. I am particularly grateful of the University of Nairobi (UoN) and all the staff of the Department of Meteorology for creating an enabling environment during the entire period of this study. -
James Rodger Fleming
Curriculum Vitae James Rodger Fleming Charles A. Dana Professor of Science, Technology, and Society, Emeritus Colby College, Waterville, Maine 04901 USA Email: [email protected]; Phone: 1-207-859-5881; FAX: 1-207-859-5868 CURRENT AFFILIATION Charles A. Dana Professor of Science, Technology and Society, Emeritus, Colby College EMPLOYMENT Colby College, Visiting Assistant to Charles A. Dana Professor of STS 1988-2021 American Meteorological Society, Historical Consultant, 1986-88 Princeton University, Fellow and Preceptor, Department of History, 1982-85 Private Consulting Meteorologist, 1974-82 University of Washington, Research Meteorologist, 1973-74 National Center for Atmospheric Research, Research Meteorologist, 1973 EDUCATION Princeton University, Ph.D. History, 1988; M.A. History of Science, 1984 Colorado State University, M.S. Atmospheric Science, 1973 Pennsylvania State University, B.S. Astronomy, 1971 AWARDS, APPOINTMENTS, HONORS Phi Beta Kappa Visiting Scholar, Department of the History of Science, Harvard University, 2020-21 Consultant, The Goddard Project, Societal implications of negative emissions technologies Advisor, “Making Climate History,” Leverhulme Trust grant to University of Cambridge, 2019-24 International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences, keynote speaker, 2019 Distinguished Alumnus Award, Forest Hills School District, PA, 2018 American Geophysical Union, John Tyndall Lecturer in Global Environmental Change, 2017 American Meteorological Society, history editor, Bulletin of the AMS, 2011-21. Smithsonian -
H-Environment Roundtable Reviews
H-Environment Roundtable Reviews Volume 1, No. 3 (2011) Roundtable Review Editor: www.h-net.org/~environ/roundtables Jacob Darwin Hamblin Publication date: August 5, 2011 James Rodger Fleming, Fixing the Sky: The Checkered History of Weather and Climate Control (Columbia University Press, 2010). ISBN: 978-0-231-14412-4. Hardcover. 344 pages. Stable URL: www.h-net.org/~environ/roundtables/env-roundtable-1-3.pdf Contents Introduction by Jacob Darwin Hamblin, Oregon State University 2 Comments by Ted Steinberg, Case Western Reserve University 4 Comments by R. S. Deese, Northeastern University 6 Comments by Matthew Farish, University of Toronto 9 Comments by Paul N. Edwards, University of Michigan 14 Author’s Response by James Rodger Fleming, Colby College 22 About the Contributors 26 Copyright © 2011 H-Net: Humanities and Social Sciences Online H-Net permits the redistribution and reprinting of this work for nonprofit, educational purposes, with full and accurate attribution to the author, web location, date of publication, H-Environment, and H-Net: Humanities & Social Sciences Online. H-Environment Roundtable Reviews, Vol. 1, No. 3 (2011) 2 Introduction by Jacob Darwin Hamblin, Oregon State University n 1968, the Whole Earth Catalog proclaimed “We are as gods and might as well get good at it.” Amidst the environmental crisis of the 1960s, the publication’s founder II Stewart Brand wanted to provide access to tools, and he was remarkably friendly to technological solutions. His kind of environmentalism drew from human ingenuity and achievement, and unlike many of the commentators of that era, he was optimistic about a future in human hands. -
ACLURM001342 for This Entire Book Online, for More Information on Islam, Or for a Printed Copy, Visit
ACLURM001342 For this entire book online, for more information on Islam, or for a printed copy, visit: www.islam-guide.com Front Cover Photo: More than one million Muslims from all over the world praying together at the Haram Mosque in Makkah. Back Cover Photo: The Prophet Muhammad's ti Mosque in Madinah. ACLURM001343 In the Name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful A ILLUSTRATED GUDE TO /RSTANDING ISLAM Second Edition I. A. Ibrahim General Editors Science Editors Dr. William (Daoud) Peachy Professor Harold Stewart Kuofi Michael (Abdul-Hakim) Thomas Professor F. A. State Tony (Abu-Khaliyl) Sylvester Professor Mahjoub 0. Taha Idris Palmer Professor Ahmad Allam Jamaal Zarabozo Professor Salman Sultan Ali AlTirnimi Associate Professor H. 0. Sindi Darussalam Houston ACLURM001344 Copyright Copyright © 1997, 1996 I. A. Abu-Harb. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the author, except for the situation below which is permitted. For Reprinting Reprinting or reproducing this book as a whole on the condition that absolutely no change, addition, or omission is introduced is permitted free of charge. To make high quality reprints, you may contact the author to obtain free copies of the computer print files of this book (address on page 70). The Web Site of This Book This entire book, as well as more information on Islam, is available online at wvvvv.islam-guide.corn 2nd Edition- 3rd Printing Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 97-67654 ISBN: 9960-34-011-2 Published by Darussalam, Publishers and Distributors, Houston, Texas, USA. -
1966 NASA Document Reveals Goal of Engineered “Climate Modification” | 502Tatianaaklimenkokostanian's Blog
HOME CATEGORIES November 10, 2014 Search Select Category 1966 NASA Document Reveals Goal BLOGROLL of Engineered “Climate TWITTER ** MENU ** Modification” 16 Gainesville Florida Commission Selects New City Auditor wp.me/p4KQj2-1c (:-) 1 day ago Chemtrail, Global Warming • Tags: chemtrails, climate change, CLimate-Gate, david ARCHIVES BY keith, geoengineeing, IPCC, Ken Caldeira Follow @Hsaive MONTH Select Month MOST RECENT POSTS ADMIN ICE AGE COMETH? North Pole Frozen Solid – South Pole Re-Freezing Register February 28, 2015 Log in Scientist Investigates How Carbon Black Entries RSS Aerosols Melt Arctic Ice February 28, 2015 Comments RSS Two Primary Documents Featured in this Story ETC Group Launches Geoengineering Monitor WordPress.com Watchdog Site “Present and Future Plans of Federal Agencies in Weather February 26, 2015 Climate Modification” Aircraft Electromagnetic Interference Could This set of documents from 1966 reveals a network of government Accidentally Fire a Missile agencies in perpetual and secret collaboration and the military to February 24, 2015 Modify the Global climate . Created by the elitist National Academy Carnicom Institute: Environmental Filament Next of Sciences – decades of an interagency culture of secrecy explains Phase Research Begins why the issue of covert aerosol Geoengineering (chemtrails) is a taboo topic to be degraded to the status of “conspiracy theory” by a matrix of February 18, 2015 complicit bureaucrats at every opportunity. This is why the FAA, Carbon Black Chemtrails is Owning The NOAA, NASA and your local TV “meteorologist” refuse to employ Weather in 2025 scientific observation when asked to comment on an unusual sky filled February 17, 2015 with bizarre aircraft spraying. -
Geoengineering: Parts I, Ii, and Iii
GEOENGINEERING: PARTS I, II, AND III HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION AND SECOND SESSION NOVEMBER 5, 2009 FEBRUARY 4, 2010 and MARCH 18, 2010 Serial No. 111–62 Serial No. 111–75 and Serial No. 111–88 Printed for the use of the Committee on Science and Technology ( GEOENGINEERING: PARTS I, II, AND III GEOENGINEERING: PARTS I, II, AND III HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION AND SECOND SESSION NOVEMBER 5, 2009 FEBRUARY 4, 2010 and MARCH 18, 2010 Serial No. 111–62 Serial No. 111–75 and Serial No. 111–88 Printed for the use of the Committee on Science and Technology ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://science.house.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 53–007PDF WASHINGTON : 2010 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY HON. BART GORDON, Tennessee, Chair JERRY F. COSTELLO, Illinois RALPH M. HALL, Texas EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas F. JAMES SENSENBRENNER JR., LYNN C. WOOLSEY, California Wisconsin DAVID WU, Oregon LAMAR S. SMITH, Texas BRIAN BAIRD, Washington DANA ROHRABACHER, California BRAD MILLER, North Carolina ROSCOE G. BARTLETT, Maryland DANIEL LIPINSKI, Illinois VERNON J. EHLERS, Michigan GABRIELLE GIFFORDS, Arizona FRANK D. LUCAS, Oklahoma DONNA F. EDWARDS, Maryland JUDY BIGGERT, Illinois MARCIA L. FUDGE, Ohio W. -
Tribute to Roger Revelle and His Contribution to Studies of Carbon Dioxide and Climate Change
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 94, pp. 8275–8279, August 1997 Colloquium Paper This paper was presented at a colloquium entitled ‘‘Carbon Dioxide and Climate Change,’’ organized by Charles D. Keeling, held November 13–15, 1995, at the National Academy of Sciences, Irvine, CA. Tribute to Roger Revelle and his contribution to studies of carbon dioxide and climate change WALTER H. MUNK Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0225 I first came to Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) in Harald Sverdrup was anxious for Roger to return to La Jolla the summer of 1939, after completing my junior year at the to succeed him as director of Scripps. Sverdrup (2) wrote, California Institute of Technology. Roger Revelle was 30 years ‘‘regardless of the capacity in which you return here, you are old, with the rank of instructor (long since abolished by the the logical man to take charge...ofthework at sea.’’ University of California), and a lieutenant junior grade in the And Roger (3) agreed: Naval Reserve. Roger invited me to come along on an Sverdrup’s support for me as successor is also based experiment to measure currents in the waters over the Cali- upon the fact that I am practically the only person fornia borderland. The standard tool was an Ekman Current available who has had extensive experience at sea, in Meter; for every 100 revolutions of a propeller, a 2-mm ball is particular in the organization and carrying out of expe- dropped into a compass box with 36 compartments, each corresponding to a 10° segment in current direction. -
An Optimal Control Perspective on Weather and Climate Modification
mathematics Article An Optimal Control Perspective on Weather and Climate Modification Sergei Soldatenko * and Rafael Yusupov St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, No. 39, 14-th Line, St. Petersburg 199178, Russia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +7-931-354-0598 Abstract: Intentionally altering natural atmospheric processes using various techniques and tech- nologies for changing weather patterns is one of the appropriate human responses to climate change and can be considered a rather drastic adaptation measure. A fundamental understanding of the human ability to modify weather conditions requires collaborative research in various scientific fields, including, but not limited to, atmospheric sciences and different branches of mathematics. This article being theoretical and methodological in nature, generalizes and, to some extent, sum- marizes our previous and current research in the field of climate and weather modification and control. By analyzing the deliberate change in weather and climate from an optimal control and dynamical systems perspective, we get the ability to consider the modification of natural atmospheric processes as a dynamic optimization problem with an emphasis on the optimal control problem. Within this conceptual and unified theoretical framework for developing and synthesizing an optimal control for natural weather phenomena, the atmospheric process in question represents a closed-loop dynamical system described by an appropriate mathematical model or, in other words, by a set of differential equations. In this context, the human control actions can be described by variations of the model parameters selected on the basis of sensitivity analysis as control variables. Application of the proposed approach to the problem of weather and climate modification is illustrated using a Citation: Soldatenko, S.; Yusupov, R. -
Geopiracy: the Case Against Geoengineering I Geopiracy: the Case Against Geoengineering
“We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them.” Albert Einstein “We already are inadvertently changing the climate. So why not advertently try to counterbalance it?” Michael MacCracken, Climate Institute, USA About the cover ETC Group gratefully acknowledges the financial support of SwedBio The cover is an adaptation of The (Sweden), HKH Foundation (USA), Scream by Edvard Munch, painted in CS Fund (USA), Christensen Fund 1893, shown on the right. Munch (USA), Heinrich Böll Foundation painted several versions of this image (Germany), the Lillian Goldman over the years, which reflected his Charitable Trust (USA), Oxfam Novib feeling of "a great unending scream (Netherlands), and the Norwegian piercing through nature." One theory is Forum for Environment and that the red sky was inspired by the Development. ETC Group is solely eruption of Krakatoa, a volcano that responsible for the views expressed in cooled the Earth by spewing sulphur this document. into the sky, which blocked the sun. Geoengineers seek to artificially Copy-edited by Leila Marshy reproduce this process. Design by Shtig (.net) Geopiracy: The Case Against Acknowledgements Geoengineering is ETC Group We also thank the Beehive Collective Communiqué # 103 ETC Group is grateful to Almuth for artwork and all the participants of First published October 2010 Ernsting of Biofuelwatch, Niclas the HOME campaign for their ongoing Second edition November 2010 Hällström of the Swedish Society for participation and support as well as the Conservation of Nature (that Leila Marshy and Shtig for good- All ETC Group publications are published Retooling the Planet from humoured patience and professionalism available free of charge on our website: which some of this material is drawn). -
Weather and Climate Modification
NSF 66-3 WEATHER AN CLIMATE MODIFICATION Repori 01 ine SPECIAL COMMISSION ON WEATHER MOIJIFICATION NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION WEAMER AND CLIMATE MODIFICATION Repori 01 me SPECIAL COMMISSION ON WEATHER MODIRCATION NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION LETTER OF The Honorable Leland J. Haworth Much of the background work for the Director treatment of the other aspects of the National Science Foundation problem was carried out under RANSMITTAL Washington, D. C. National Science Foundation grants or contracts, reports of which research Dear Dr. Haworth: and study are to be published as It is an honor to transmit herewith stated in the Appendix. to the National Science Foundation The Commission held eleven the report of the Special Commission meetings supplemented by many days on Weather Modification, authorized of study, research, writing and by the National Science Board at its conferences. The Commission report meeting on October 17-18, 1963, in has been prepared by and its content accordance with Sections 3(a)(7) and is concurred in by all the members 9 of the National Science Foundation of the Commission. Act of 1950, as amended, and The Commission was assisted appointed by you on June 16, 1964. throughout its deliberations by an The Commission was requested to Executive Secretary. Dr. Edward P. examine the physical, biological, legal, Todd served in this capacity during social, and political aspects of the field the early months. Mr. Jack C. and make recommendations concern Oppenheimer succeeded Dr. Todd ing future policies and programs. and has done an outstanding job of The physical science aspects have assisting the Commission. been studied primarily through Respectfully submitted, cooperative liaison with the National A.