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Ediacaran) of Earth – Nature’S Experiments
The Early Animals (Ediacaran) of Earth – Nature’s Experiments Donald Baumgartner Medical Entomologist, Biologist, and Fossil Enthusiast Presentation before Chicago Rocks and Mineral Society May 10, 2014 Illinois Famous for Pennsylvanian Fossils 3 In the Beginning: The Big Bang . Earth formed 4.6 billion years ago Fossil Record Order 95% of higher taxa: Random plant divisions domains & kingdoms Cambrian Atdabanian Fauna Vendian Tommotian Fauna Ediacaran Fauna protists Proterozoic algae McConnell (Baptist)College Pre C - Fossil Order Archaean bacteria Source: Truett Kurt Wise The First Cells . 3.8 billion years ago, oxygen levels in atmosphere and seas were low • Early prokaryotic cells probably were anaerobic • Stromatolites . Divergence separated bacteria from ancestors of archaeans and eukaryotes Stromatolites Dominated the Earth Stromatolites of cyanobacteria ruled the Earth from 3.8 b.y. to 600 m. [2.5 b.y.]. Believed that Earth glaciations are correlated with great demise of stromatolites world-wide. 8 The Oxygen Atmosphere . Cyanobacteria evolved an oxygen-releasing, noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis • Changed Earth’s atmosphere . Increased oxygen favored aerobic respiration Early Multi-Cellular Life Was Born Eosphaera & Kakabekia at 2 b.y in Canada Gunflint Chert 11 Earliest Multi-Cellular Metazoan Life (1) Alga Eukaryote Grypania of MI at 1.85 b.y. MI fossil outcrop 12 Earliest Multi-Cellular Metazoan Life (2) Beads Horodyskia of MT and Aust. at 1.5 b.y. thought to be algae 13 Source: Fedonkin et al. 2007 Rise of Animals Tappania Fungus at 1.5 b.y Described now from China, Russia, Canada, India, & Australia 14 Earliest Multi-Cellular Metazoan Animals (3) Worm-like Parmia of N.E. -
CPY Document
v^ Official Journal of the Biology Unit of the American Topical Association 10 Vol. 40(4) DINOSAURS ON STAMPS by Michael K. Brett-Surman Ph.D. Dinosaurs are the most popular animals of all time, and the most misunderstood. Dinosaurs did not fly in the air and did not live in the oceans, nor on lake bottoms. Not all large "prehistoric monsters" are dinosaurs. The most famous NON-dinosaurs are plesiosaurs, moso- saurs, pelycosaurs, pterodactyls and ichthyosaurs. Any name ending in 'saurus' is not automatically a dinosaur, for' example, Mastodonto- saurus is neither a mastodon nor a dinosaur - it is an amphibian! Dinosaurs are defined by a combination of skeletal features that cannot readily be seen when the animal is fully restored in a flesh reconstruction. Because of the confusion, this compilation is offered as a checklist for the collector. This topical list compiles all the dinosaurs on stamps where the actual bones are pictured or whole restorations are used. It excludes footprints (as used in the Lesotho stamps), cartoons (as in the 1984 issue from Gambia), silhouettes (Ascension Island # 305) and unoffi- cial issues such as the famous Sinclair Dinosaur stamps. The name "Brontosaurus", which appears on many stamps, is used with quotation marks to denote it as a popular name in contrast to its correct scientific name, Apatosaurus. For those interested in a detailed encyclopedic work about all fossils on stamps, the reader is referred to the forthcoming book, 'Paleontology - a Guide to the Postal Materials Depicting Prehistoric Lifeforms' by Fran Adams et. al. The best book currently in print is a book titled 'Dinosaur Stamps of the World' by Baldwin & Halstead. -
Pageflex Server [Document: D-00217196 00001]
Crawley Borough Council elections 5 May On 5 May Vote Alison Berridge Putting Crawley First Caring and WRITE Crawley Business Centre, Stephenson Way, Crawley, RH10 1TN Campaigning for CALL 07874 768799 EMAIL [email protected] Southgate CREATING A STRONG LOCAL ECONOMY FOR CRAWLEY Working in partnership with Manor Royal, Gatwick Airport and local businesses, only the Conservatives can be trusted to ensure that our local economy can continue to deliver for Crawley. Our successful local economy will underpin and support Council services for years to come. Sound financial management of Crawley ALISON BERRIDGE Borough Council will return under the Conservatives, enabling us to both protect and enhance the services that matter to you. Your Local Choice for Southgate PROVIDING REAL ASPIRATION FOR CRAWLEY Crawley has always had great potential and we have real aspiration for our town. We have a track record of delivery and can promise more. We regenerated many of our neighbourhood parades and made many major improvements in Crawley, including Tilgate Park, Ifield Mill Pond and children's play areas. In partnership with West Sussex County Council, we had the vision to secure £3.2 million for regenerating Crawley Queens Square which starts in June. WORKING FOR A CLEANER AND GREENER CRAWLEY We want our town and neighbourhoods to look cared for. Whether it is litter, grass verge cutting or maintaining trees and shrub beds, we will always look for ways to improve these vital front-line services. We will crack down on littering and increase the fines for those caught. We are very proud of our parks and green spaces and have a track record of improvement. -
Tilgate £270,000 - £280,000 Guide Crawley, West Sussex Freehold a 3 Bedroom Family House Situated in a Great Location Close to Tilgate Park
Tilgate £270,000 - £280,000 Guide Crawley, West Sussex Freehold A 3 bedroom family house situated in a great location close to Tilgate Park. The property comes complete with a conservatory • Three Bedrooms • Kitchen • South Facing Rear • Lounge/Dining Room • Conservatory Garden • Terraced House • Shower Room • Summer House • G/C/H Via Radiators Oxford Road, Tilgate, Crawley, West Sussex, RH10 5JH A 3 bedroom terraced house is situated in a prime location close to Tilgate Park. The property has an entrance porch where you can store your muddy boots after the Sunday stroll around the Tilgate lakes. There is a through lounge/dining room and a conservatory - * The boiler is approximately 3 years just the place to relax with a light-infused garden view. The separate old and was serviced last year kitchen has plenty of cupboard space and works surfaces for those * The conservatory was added May who love to cook and there is a handy utility area. On the first floor, 2010 there are 3 bedrooms a shower room and a separate w.c. * The property has cavity wall insulation Externally there is a south-facing rear garden, ideal for dining * The rear garden is south facing alfresco with a barbecue, whilst topping up the tan on those long hot * The double glazing is around 20 lazy summer afternoons. At the end of the garden, there is a large summer house with power and lighting. The property comes years old complete with G/C/H via radiators, double glazing and no-chain. * This information has been supplied by the owner and needs to be verified This property is situated in a prime location close to Tilgate Park, by your solicitor where there is endless fun for any family to enjoy. -
Soil: Our Common Ground – a Humanities Perspective
Soil: our common ground – a humanities perspective Rebecca Lines-Kelly NSW Dept of Primary Industries, Wollongbar Agricultural Institute, Bruxner Highway Wollongbar 2477, Australia. Email [email protected] Abstract The story of soil is essentially the story of humanity. The words ‘earth and ‘ground’ are among the oldest in human language. Soil is the basis of our ancient religions, and of all our civilisations, and for the past 10,000 years its destruction has been the precursor of different civilisations’ downfall. All human communities have a cultural, sensual and spiritual attachment to the soil, but Western society has lost this attachment because of material prosperity, disconnection from the land, and a scientific culture that has fractured soil and its meaning, and in so doing, put it out of the reach of non-scientists’ understanding. As the repository of most soil knowledge, soil scientists have an important role in reconnecting people to soil. Introduction I came to soils late. Twelve years ago my journalism experience earned me a job producing soils information for farmers. My academic background had focussed on literature, drama and psychology. I knew nothing about soils, despite the fact that I had spent my childhood in the country, and my father was an agricultural scientist. My employers were unperturbed. We have more than enough information about soils, they said, but it is not accessible to farmers. We want you to make it easy to understand. So I set to work, and the most extraordinary thing happened. I fell in love with soil. There is no other way to explain it. -
By Howard Zimmerman
by Howard Zimmerman DINO_COVERS.indd 4 4/24/08 11:58:35 AM [Intentionally Left Blank] by Howard Zimmerman Consultant: Luis M. Chiappe, Ph.D. Director of the Dinosaur Institute Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 1629_ArmoredandDangerous_FNL.ind1 1 4/11/08 11:11:17 AM Credits Title Page, © Luis Rey; TOC, © De Agostini Picture Library/Getty Images; 4-5, © John Bindon; 6, © De Agostini Picture Library/The Natural History Museum, London; 7, © Luis Rey; 8, © Luis Rey; 9, © Adam Stuart Smith; 10T, © Luis Rey; 10B, © Colin Keates/Dorling Kindersly; 11, © Phil Wilson; 12L, Courtesy of the Royal Tyrrell Museum, Drumheller, Alberta; 12R, © De Agostini Picture Library/Getty Images; 13, © Phil Wilson; 14-15, © Phil Wilson; 16-17, © De Agostini Picture Library/The Natural History Museum, London; 18T, © 2007 by Karen Carr and Karen Carr Studio; 18B, © photomandan/istockphoto; 19, © Luis Rey; 20, © De Agostini Picture Library/The Natural History Museum, London; 21, © John Bindon; 23TL, © Phil Wilson; 23TR, © Luis Rey; 23BL, © Vladimir Sazonov/Shutterstock; 23BR, © Luis Rey. Publisher: Kenn Goin Editorial Director: Adam Siegel Creative Director: Spencer Brinker Design: Dawn Beard Creative Cover Illustration: Luis Rey Photo Researcher: Omni-Photo Communications, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Zimmerman, Howard. Armored and dangerous / by Howard Zimmerman. p. cm. — (Dino times trivia) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-1-59716-712-3 (library binding) ISBN-10: 1-59716-712-6 (library binding) 1. Ornithischia—Juvenile literature. 2. Dinosaurs—Juvenile literature. I. Title. QE862.O65Z56 2009 567.915—dc22 2008006171 Copyright © 2009 Bearport Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. -
Item C1 TM/10/2029 – PROPOSED WESTERLY EXTENSION to HERMITAGE QUARRY, HERMITAGE LANE, AYLESFORD, KENT
SECTION C MINERALS AND WASTE DISPOSAL Background Documents - the deposited documents, views and representations received as referred to in the reports and included in the development proposals dossier for each case and also as might be additionally indicated. Item C1 TM/10/2029 – PROPOSED WESTERLY EXTENSION TO HERMITAGE QUARRY, HERMITAGE LANE, AYLESFORD, KENT A report by Head of Planning Applications Group to Planning Applications Committee on 10 May 2011. Planning application TM/10/2029 Proposed westerly extension to Hermitage Quarry, Hermitage Lane, Aylesford, Kent (MR. 717 556) Recommendation: Permission be granted subject to conditions. Local and adjoining Member(s): Mrs T Dean, Mrs P Stockell, Mr P Homewood, Mr D Daley, Mr M Robertson, Mrs V Dagger, Mrs S Hohler and Mr R Long, Classification: Unrestricted Background 1. The existing Hermitage Quarry lies within the strategic gap between Allington, to the east, the village of Aylesford, to the north and Barming Heath to the south. It forms part of 230ha of the Hermitage Farm Estate which comprises agricultural land and woodland as well as the quarry itself. The existing quarry has a purpose built access onto Hermitage Lane (B2246), leading to the A20 and M20 at junction 5. 2. Operational since 1990, the quarry is currently operating within an eastern extension area permitted under planning permission reference TM/05/2784. As part of the overall working plan, the consented phased working and restoration scheme requires the operator to work the site in an east to south direction, with final permitted reserves being worked in the permitted western extension (reference TM/02/2782) before infilling and restoration of the final phase which is currently occupied by the plant site area. -
A Revised Taxonomy of the Iguanodont Dinosaur Genera and Species
ARTICLE IN PRESS + MODEL Cretaceous Research xx (2007) 1e25 www.elsevier.com/locate/CretRes A revised taxonomy of the iguanodont dinosaur genera and species Gregory S. Paul 3109 North Calvert Station, Side Apartment, Baltimore, MD 21218-3807, USA Received 20 April 2006; accepted in revised form 27 April 2007 Abstract Criteria for designating dinosaur genera are inconsistent; some very similar species are highly split at the generic level, other anatomically disparate species are united at the same rank. Since the mid-1800s the classic genus Iguanodon has become a taxonomic grab-bag containing species spanning most of the Early Cretaceous of the northern hemisphere. Recently the genus was radically redesignated when the type was shifted from nondiagnostic English Valanginian teeth to a complete skull and skeleton of the heavily built, semi-quadrupedal I. bernissartensis from much younger Belgian sediments, even though the latter is very different in form from the gracile skeletal remains described by Mantell. Currently, iguanodont remains from Europe are usually assigned to either robust I. bernissartensis or gracile I. atherfieldensis, regardless of lo- cation or stage. A stratigraphic analysis is combined with a character census that shows the European iguanodonts are markedly more morpho- logically divergent than other dinosaur genera, and some appear phylogenetically more derived than others. Two new genera and a new species have been or are named for the gracile iguanodonts of the Wealden Supergroup; strongly bipedal Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis Paul (2006. Turning the old into the new: a separate genus for the gracile iguanodont from the Wealden of England. In: Carpenter, K. (Ed.), Horns and Beaks: Ceratopsian and Ornithopod Dinosaurs. -
Dinosaurs British Isles
DINOSAURS of the BRITISH ISLES Dean R. Lomax & Nobumichi Tamura Foreword by Dr Paul M. Barrett (Natural History Museum, London) Skeletal reconstructions by Scott Hartman, Jaime A. Headden & Gregory S. Paul Life and scene reconstructions by Nobumichi Tamura & James McKay CONTENTS Foreword by Dr Paul M. Barrett.............................................................................10 Foreword by the authors........................................................................................11 Acknowledgements................................................................................................12 Museum and institutional abbreviations...............................................................13 Introduction: An age-old interest..........................................................................16 What is a dinosaur?................................................................................................18 The question of birds and the ‘extinction’ of the dinosaurs..................................25 The age of dinosaurs..............................................................................................30 Taxonomy: The naming of species.......................................................................34 Dinosaur classification...........................................................................................37 Saurischian dinosaurs............................................................................................39 Theropoda............................................................................................................39 -
From the Early Cretaceous of Morella, Spain
RESEARCH ARTICLE A New Sail-Backed Styracosternan (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from the Early Cretaceous of Morella, Spain José Miguel Gasulla1☯, Fernando Escaso2☯*, Iván Narváez2, Francisco Ortega2, José Luis Sanz1 1 Unidad de Paleontología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain, 2 Grupo de Biología Evolutiva, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. * [email protected] Abstract A new styracosternan ornithopod genus and species is here described based on a partial postcranial skeleton and an associated dentary tooth of a single specimen from the Arcillas de Morella Formation (Early Cretaceous, late Barremian) at the Morella locality, (Castellón, Spain). Morelladon beltrani gen. et sp. nov. is diagnosed by eight autapomorphic features. The set of autapomorphies includes: very elongated and vertical neural spines of the dorsal vertebrae, midline keel on ventral surface of the second to fourth sacral vertebrae restricted OPEN ACCESS to the anterior half of the centrum, a posterodorsally inclined medial ridge on the postace- Citation: Gasulla JM, Escaso F, Narváez I, Ortega F, tabular process of the ilium that meets its dorsal margin and distal end of the straight ischial Sanz JL (2015) A New Sail-Backed Styracosternan shaft laterally expanded, among others. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that the new Iberian (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from the Early Cretaceous of Morella, Spain. PLoS ONE 10(12): e0144167. form is more closely related to its synchronic and sympatric contemporary European taxa doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0144167 Iguanodon bernissartensis and Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis, known from Western Editor: Leon Claessens, College of the Holy Cross, Europe, than to other Early Cretaceous Iberian styracosternans (Delapparentia turolensis UNITED STATES and Proa valdearinnoensis). -
1993 112 Kentish Rag and Other Kent Building Stones Worssam.Pdf
http://kentarchaeology.org.uk/research/archaeologia-cantiana/ Kent Archaeological Society is a registered charity number 223382 © 2017 Kent Archaeological Society KENTISH RAG AND OTHER KENT BUILDING STONES BERNARD C. WORSSAM and TIM TATTON-BROWN The name Kentish Rag, or Ragstone, suggests a building stone suitable only for rough walling purposes, a view expressed, for example, by Howe (1910, 264), who wrote of Kentish Rag: 'It has been extensively used in churches in the Home Counties in the form of random and coursed work; it cannot be dressed . .' From earlier periods than Howe's time of writing there are, however, many examples of dressed stonework as well as of ashlar and window tracery in Kentish Rag. It is one purpose of this paper to draw attention to the varied ways in which the stone has been used from time to time. Kentish Rag varies in lithology along its outcrop, such that it is possible in the case of many buildings to deduce the location from which their stone has been derived. Certain Middlesex churches (Robinson and Worssam 1990) provide instances. The paper, therefore, starts with an account of the geology of Kentish Rag. Descriptions are also included of three types of stone with some resemblance to Kentish Rag: the well-known Reigate stone, from Surrey; Folkestone stone, which is rarely recognised as a building stone; and Thanet Beds sandstone from east Kent, so little regarded that it has no familiar local name. THE GEOLOGY OF KENTISH BUILDING STONES Kentish Rag occurs in the Hythe Beds formation, which is part of the Lower Greensand, a group of formations of Lower Cretaceous age (see Table 1). -
Wren's Nest at 60
SCIENTISTVOLUME 27 NO 7 ◆ August 2017 ◆ WWW.GEOLSOC.ORG.UK/GEOSCIENTIST GEOThe Fellowship Magazine of the Geological Society of London UK / Overseas where sold to individuals: £3.95 ] [REVIEWS SPECIAL! Wren’s Nest at 60 Celebrating the World’s first National Nature Reserve ONLINE SPECIAL FELLOWS’ ROOM HUTTON’S DEBT The long road from Society reoccupies Did Hutton crib his famous ‘disposal’ to ‘recovery’ a valuable amenity line from Browne? GEOSCIENTIST CONTENTS 17 24 10 25 REGULARS IN THIS ISSUE... 05 Welcome Ted Nield says true ‘scientific outreach’ is integral, not a strap-on prosthetic. 06 Society News What your Society is doing at home and abroad, in London and the regions. 09 Soapbox Mike Leeder discusses Hutton’s possible debt to Sir Thomas Browne ON THE COVER: 16 Calendar Society activities this month 10 CATCHING THE DUDLEY BUG 20 Letters New The state of Geophysics MSc courses in the Andrew Harrison looks back on the UK; The new CPD system (continued). 61st year of the World’s first NNR 22 Books and arts Thirteen new books reviewed by Dawn Brooks, Malcolm Hart, Gordon Neighbour, Calymene blumenbachii or ‘Dudley Bug’. James Montgomery, Wendy Cawthorne, Jeremy Joseph, David Nowell, Martin Brook, Alan Golding, Mark Griffin, Courtesy, Dudley Museum Services Hugh Torrens, Nina Morgan and Amy-Jo Miles 24 People Geoscientists in the news and on the move 27 Obituary Robin Temple Hazell 1927 - 2017 RECOVERY V. DISPOSAL William Braham 1957 -2016 NLINE Chris Berryman on applying new guidance 27 Obituary affecting re-use of waste soil materials.