Commercial Companies in Lebanon
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Partnership Management & Project Portfolio Management
Partnership Management & Project Portfolio Management Partnerships and strategic management for projects, programs, quasi- projects, and operational activities In the digital age – we need appropriate socio-technical approaches, tools, and methods for: • Maintainability • Sustainability • Integration • Maturing our work activities At the conclusion of this one-hour session, participants will: • Be able to define partnership management and project portfolio management. • Be able to identify examples of governance models to support partnerships. • Be able to share examples of document/resource types for defining and managing partnerships within project portfolio management. • Be able to describe how equity relates to partnerships and partnership management. Provider, Partner, Pioneer Digital Scholarship and Research Libraries Provider, Partner, Pilgrim (those who journey, who wander and wonder) https://www.rluk.ac.uk/provider-partner-pioneer-digital-scholarship-and-the-role-of-the-research-library-symposium/ Partners and Partnership Management Partner: any individual, group or institution including governments and donors whose active participation and support are essential for the successful implementation of a project or program. Partnership Management: the process of following up on and maintaining effective, productive, and harmonious relationships with partners. It can be informal (phone, email, visits) or formal (written, signed agreements, with periodic review). What is most important is to: invest the time and resources needed to -
FINANCE Offshore Finance.Pdf
This page intentionally left blank OFFSHORE FINANCE It is estimated that up to 60 per cent of the world’s money may be located oVshore, where half of all financial transactions are said to take place. Meanwhile, there is a perception that secrecy about oVshore is encouraged to obfuscate tax evasion and money laundering. Depending upon the criteria used to identify them, there are between forty and eighty oVshore finance centres spread around the world. The tax rules that apply in these jurisdictions are determined by the jurisdictions themselves and often are more benign than comparative rules that apply in the larger financial centres globally. This gives rise to potential for the development of tax mitigation strategies. McCann provides a detailed analysis of the global oVshore environment, outlining the extent of the information available and how that information might be used in assessing the quality of individual jurisdictions, as well as examining whether some of the perceptions about ‘OVshore’ are valid. He analyses the ongoing work of what have become known as the ‘standard setters’ – including the Financial Stability Forum, the Financial Action Task Force, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. The book also oVers some suggestions as to what the future might hold for oVshore finance. HILTON Mc CANN was the Acting Chief Executive of the Financial Services Commission, Mauritius. He has held senior positions in the respective regulatory authorities in the Isle of Man, Malta and Mauritius. Having trained as a banker, he began his regulatory career supervising banks in the Isle of Man. -
Corporate Services
Anticipate tomorrow, deliver today KPMG in Qatar 2018 kpmg.com/qa Qatar is an exciting place to do business, At KPMG in Qatar, our highly skilled with many opportunities for new and well- and experienced professionals work established businesses to grow, both in the with clients to develop corporate country and beyond. However, with strategies, which provide confidence opportunities come challenges. and reassurance that their businesses are not only compliant with tax and Understanding and deciding on how to set corporate law requirements, but also up a business in the country can be daunting. effective and prepared for future We can help you to make sure your business developments in tax and business is fully compliant with Qatar’s company regulations.” legislation and that setting up your business here is a smooth, efficient process. We will work with you to select a business structure that best fits your needs by evaluating tax advantages, legal exposure and ease of operation and mobility, should you need to relocate. Barbara Henzen Head of Tax and Corporate Services Before entering the market in Qatar, it is important for companies to consider their structuring needs to ensure they meet their business objectives. Our Corporate Services team supports clients through every step of setting up and operating a business in Qatar. Dissolution, deregistration and liquidation We help businesses to manage voluntary dissolution, liquidation and deregistration of companies, from initiation to completion. Our services include: — drafting company’s liquidation resolutions — submitting the resolutions to authorities — publishing the liquidation in local newspapers. Mergers (national and cross-border) We provide a variety of services for local and international mergers, including: — structuring advice — advice on suitable jurisdictions — identifying legal issues arising as a result of mergers Lifecycle of a company — reviewing contracts affected by mergers — drafting documentation for the execution of merger transactions — merger completion stage. -
Partnership Agreement Example
Partnership Agreement Example THIS PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT is made this __________ day of ___________, 20__, by and between the following individuals: Address: __________________________ ___________________________ City/State/ZIP:______________________ Address: __________________________ ___________________________ City/State/ZIP:______________________ 1. Nature of Business. The partners listed above hereby agree that they shall be considered partners in business for the following purpose: ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. Name. The partnership shall be conducted under the name of ________________ and shall maintain offices at [STREET ADDRESS], [CITY, STATE, ZIP]. 3. Day-To-Day Operation. The partners shall provide their full-time services and best efforts on behalf of the partnership. No partner shall receive a salary for services rendered to the partnership. Each partner shall have equal rights to manage and control the partnership and its business. Should there be differences between the partners concerning ordinary business matters, a decision shall be made by unanimous vote. It is understood that the partners may elect one of the partners to conduct the day-to-day business of the partnership; however, no partner shall be able to bind the partnership by act or contract to any liability exceeding $_________ without the prior written consent of each partner. 4. Capital Contribution. The capital contribution of -
Limited Liability Partnerships
inbrief Limited Liability Partnerships Inside Key features Incorporation and administration Members’ Agreements Taxation inbrief Introduction Key features • any members’ agreement is a confidential Introduction document; and It first became possible to incorporate limited Originally conceived as a vehicle liability partnerships (“LLPs”) in the UK in 2001 • the accounting and filing requirements are for use by professional practices to after the Limited Liability Partnerships Act 2000 essentially the same as those for a company. obtain the benefit of limited liability came into force. LLPs have an interesting An LLP can be incorporated with two or more background. In the late 1990s some of the major while retaining the tax advantages of members. A company can be a member of an UK accountancy firms faced big negligence claims a partnership, LLPs have a far wider LLP. As noted, it is a distinct legal entity from its and were experiencing a difficult market for use as is evidenced by their increasing members and, accordingly, can contract and own professional indemnity insurance. Their lobbying property in its own right. In this respect, as in popularity as an alternative business of the Government led to the introduction of many others, an LLP is more akin to a company vehicle in a wide range of sectors. the Limited Liability Partnerships Act 2000 which than a partnership. The members of an LLP, like gave birth to the LLP as a new business vehicle in the shareholders of a company, have limited the UK. LLPs were originally seen as vehicles for liability. As he is an agent, when a member professional services partnerships as demonstrated contracts on behalf of the LLP, he binds the LLP as by the almost immediate conversion of the major a director would bind a company. -
Basic Concepts Page 1 PARTNERSHIP ACCOUNTING
Dr. M. D. Chase Long Beach State University Advanced Accounting 1305-87B Partnership Accounting: Basic Concepts Page 1 PARTNERSHIP ACCOUNTING I. Basic Concepts of Partnership Accounting A. What is A Partnership?: An association of two or more persons to carry on as co-owners of a business for a profit; the basic rules of partnerships were defined by Congress: 1. Uniform Partnership Act of 1914 (general partnerships) 2. Uniform Limited Partnership Act of 1916 (limited partnerships) B. Characteristics of a Partnership: 1. Limited Life--dissolved by death, retirement, incapacity, bankruptcy etc 2. Mutual agency--partners are bound by each others’ acts 3. Unlimited Liability of the partners--the partnership is not a legal or taxable entity and therefore all debts and legal matters are the responsibility of the partners. 4. Co-ownership of partnership assets--all assets contributed to the partnership are owned by the individual partners in accordance with the terms of the partnership agreement; or equally if no agreement exists. C. The Partnership Agreement: A contract (oral or written) which can be used to modify the general partnership rules; partnership agreements at a minimum should cover the following: 1. Names or Partners and Partnership; 2. Effective date of the partnership contract and date of termination if applicable; 3. Nature of the business; 4. Place of business operations; 5. Amount of each partners capital and the valuation of each asset contributed and date the valuation was made; 6. Rights and responsibilities of each partner; 7. Dates of partnership accounting period; minimum capital investments for each partner and methods of determining equity balances (average, weighted average, year-end etc.) 8. -
Limited Partnerships
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND TRANSACTIONAL LAW CLINIC LIMITED PARTNERSHIPS INTRODUCTORY OVERVIEW A limited partnership is a business entity comprised of two or more persons, with one or more general partners and one or more limited partners. A limited partnership differs from a general partnership in the amount of control and liability each partner has. Limited partnerships are governed by the Virginia Revised Uniform Partnership Act,1 which is an adaptation of the 1976 Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act, or RULPA, and its subsequent amendments. HOW A LIMITED PARTNERSHIP IS FORMED To form a limited partnership in Virginia, a certificate of limited partnership must be filed with the Virginia State Corporation Commission. This is different from general partnerships which require no formal recording with the Commonwealth. The certificate must state the name of the partnership,2 and, the name must contain the designation “limited partnership,” “a limited partnership,” “L.P.,” or “LP;” which puts third parties on notice of the limited liability of one or more partners. 3 Additionally, the certificate must name a registered agent for service of process, state the Post Office mailing address of the company, and state the name and address of every general partner. The limited partnership is formed on the date of filing of the certificate unless a later date is specified in the certificate.4 1 VA. CODE ANN. § 50, Ch. 2.2. 2 VA. CODE ANN. § 50-73.11(A)(1). 3 VA. CODE ANN. § 50-73.2. 4 VA. CODE ANN. § 50-73.11(C)0). GENERAL PARTNERS General partners run the company's day-to-day operations and hold management control. -
Effects of Partner Characteristic, Partnership Quality, and Partnership Closeness on Cooperative Performance: a Study of Supply Chains in High-Tech Industry
Management Review: An International Journal Volume 4 Number 2 Winter 2009 Effects of Partner Characteristic, Partnership Quality, and Partnership Closeness on Cooperative Performance: A Study of Supply Chains in High-tech Industry Mei-Ying Wu Department of Information Management Chung-Hua University Hsin-Chu Taiwan, Republic of China Email: [email protected] Yun-Ju Chang Department of Information Management Chung-Hua University Hsin-Chu Taiwan, Republic of China Email: [email protected] Yung-Chien Weng Department of Information Management Chung-Hua University Hsin-Chu Taiwan, Republic of China Email: [email protected] Received May 28, 2009; Revised Aug. 14, 2009; Accepted Oct. 21, 2009 ABSTRACT Owing to the rapid development of information technology, change of supply chain structures, trend of globalization, and intense competition 29 Management Review: An International Journal Volume 4 Number 2 Winter 2009 in the business environment, almost all enterprises have been confronted with unprecedented challenges in recent years. As a coping strategy, many of them have gradually viewed suppliers as “cooperative partners”. They drop the conventional strategy of cooperating with numerous suppliers and build close partnerships with only a small number of selected suppliers. This paper aims to explore partnerships between manufacturers and suppliers in Taiwan’s high- tech industry. Through a review of literature, four constructs, including partner characteristic, partnership quality, partnership closeness, and cooperative performance are extracted to be the basis of the research framework, hypotheses, and questionnaire. The questionnaire is administered to staff of the purchasing and quality control departments in some high-tech companies in Taiwan. The proposed hypotheses are later empirically validated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM). -
Macau's Proposal to Abolish the Offshore Company
HONG KONG TAX ALERT ISSUE 16 | October 2018 Macau’s proposal to abolish the offshore company law Summary In November 2016, Macau SAR joined the OECD’s inclusive framework to combat cross-border tax evasion and promote tax transparency. As part of Macau’s commitment to comply with OECD standards, it will abolish the existing As a result of the OECD’s base offshore company (MOC) regime as from 1 January 2021. A draft bill has been erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) prepared for this purpose and is pending approval from the legislative assembly. initiative, Macau will abolish its offshore companies regime in The abolition process includes some transitional provisions, the details of which order to comply with OECD will be released later. It appears that the implementation of the bill will be standards phased. In the first phase, from the effective date of the bill, MOCs will no longer be eligible for Macau stamp duty exemption on newly acquired movable or Hong Kong and international immovable properties, and any income derived from newly acquired intellectual groups with Macau offshore properties will no longer be exempted from tax. In addition, managerial and companies will need to technical personnel of MOCs who have been granted permission to reside in reconsider their supply chain and Macau will no longer be eligible for Macau salary tax benefits. corporate structures In the final phase which will likely take effect on 1 January 2021, there will be an outright abolition of all tax benefits for MOCs. Any offshore business license that has not been terminated by then will expire on 1 January 2021. -
ACCOUNTING for PARTNERSHIPS and LIMITED LIABILITY CORPORATIONS Objectives
13 ACCOUNTING FOR PARTNERSHIPS AND LIMITED LIABILITY CORPORATIONS objectives After studying this chapter, you should be able to: Describe the basic characteristics of 1 proprietorships, corporations, partner- ships, and limited liability corpora- tions. Describe and illustrate the equity re- 2 porting for proprietorships, corpora- tions, partnerships, and limited liability corporations. Describe and illustrate the accounting 3 for forming a partnership. Describe and illustrate the accounting 4 for dividing the net income and net loss of a partnership. Describe and illustrate the accounting 5 for the dissolution of a partnership. Describe and illustrate the accounting 6 for liquidating a partnership. Describe the life cycle of a business, 7 including the role of venture capital- ists, initial public offerings, and under- writers. PHOTO: © EBBY MAY/STONE/GETTY IMAGES IIf you were to start up any type of business, you would want to separate the busi- ness’s affairs from your personal affairs. Keeping business transactions separate from personal transactions aids business analysis and simplifies tax reporting. For example, if you provided freelance photography services, you would want to keep a business checking account for depositing receipts for services rendered and writing checks for expenses. At the end of the year, you would have a basis for determining the earn- ings from your business and the information necessary for completing your tax re- turn. In this case, forming the business would be as simple as establishing a name and a separate checking account. As a business becomes more complex, the form of the business entity becomes an important consideration. The entity form has an im- pact on the owners’ legal liability, taxation, and the ability to raise capital. -
English Business Organization Law During the Industrial Revolution
Choosing the Partnership: English Business Organization Law During the Industrial Revolution Ryan Bubb* I. INTRODUCTION For most of the period associated with the Industrial Revolution in Britain, English law restricted access to incorporation and the Bubble Act explicitly outlawed the formation of unincorporated joint stock com- panies with transferable shares. Furthermore, firms in the manufacturing industries most closely associated with the Industrial Revolution were overwhelmingly partnerships. These two facts have led some scholars to posit that the antiquated business organization law was a constraint on the structural transformation and growth that characterized the British economy during the period. For example, Professor Ron Harris argues that the limitation on the joint stock form was “less than satisfactory in terms of overall social costs, efficient allocation of resources, and even- 1 tually the rate of growth of the English economy.” * Associate Professor of Law, New York University School of Law. Email: [email protected]. For helpful comments I am grateful to Ed Glaeser, Ron Harris, Eric Hilt, Giacomo Ponzetto, Max Schanzenbach, and participants in the Berle VI Symposium at Seattle University Law School, the NYU Legal History Colloquium, and the Harvard Economic History Tea. I thank Alex Seretakis for superb research assistance. 1. RON HARRIS, INDUSTRIALIZING ENGLISH LAW: ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND BUSINESS ORGANIZATION, 1720–1844, at 167 (2000). There are numerous other examples of this and related arguments in the literature. While acknowledging that, to a large extent, restrictions on the joint stock form could be overcome by alternative arrangements, Nick Crafts nonetheless argues that “institutional weaknesses relating to . company legislation . must have had some inhibiting effects both on savers and on business investment.” Nick Crafts, The Industrial Revolution, in 1 THE ECONOMIC HISTORY OF BRITAIN SINCE 1700, at 44, 52 (Roderick Floud & Donald N. -
The Federal Definition of Tax Partnership
Brooklyn Law School BrooklynWorks Faculty Scholarship Winter 2006 The edeF ral Definition of Tax Partnership Bradley T. Borden [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/faculty Part of the Other Law Commons, Taxation-Federal Commons, and the Tax Law Commons Recommended Citation 43 Hous. L. Rev. 925 (2006-2007) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by BrooklynWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of BrooklynWorks. ARTICLE THE FEDERAL DEFINITION OF TAX PARTNERSHIP Bradley T. Borden* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODU CTION ...................................................................... 927 II. THE DEFINITIONS OF MULTIMEMBER TAx ENTITIES ............ 933 A. The EstablishedDefinitions .......................................... 933 B. The Open Definition: Tax Partnership......................... 936 III. HISTORY AND PURPOSE OF PARTNERSHIP TAXATION ............ 941 A. The Effort to Disregard................................................. 941 B. The Imposition of Tax Reporting Requirements ........... 943 C. The Statutory Definition of Tax Partnership............... 946 D. The 1954 Code: An Amalgam of the Entity and Aggregate Theories........................................................ 948 E. The Section 704(b) Allocation Rules and Assignment of Incom e ....................................................................... 951 F. The Anti-Abuse Rules .................................................... 956 * Associate Professor of Law, Washburn University School of Law, Topeka, Kansas; LL.M. and J.D., University of Florida Levin College of Law; M.B.A. and B.B.A., Idaho State University. I thank Steven A. Bank, Stanley L. Blend, Terrence F. Cuff, Steven Dean, Alex Glashausser, Christopher Hanna, Brant J. Hellwig, Dennis R. Honabach, Erik M. Jensen, L. Ali Khan, Martin J. McMahon, Jr., Stephen W. Mazza, William G. Merkel, Robert J. Rhee, William Rich, and Ira B.