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DOCTORAL (PHD) DISSERTATION by ANNA LUJZA SZÁSZ 2015
DOCTORAL (PHD) DISSERTATION by ANNA LUJZA SZÁSZ 2015 EMANCIPÁLT EMLÉKEZET KÉPES TÖRTÉNETEK A MAGYARORSZÁGI ROMA HOLOKAUSZT EMLÉKEZETRŐL írta SZÁSZ ANNA LUJZA KONZULENS: habil Dr. KOVÁCS ÉVA CSc EÖTVÖS LÓRÁND TUDOMÁNY EGYETEM, BUDAPEST TÁRSADALOMTUDOMÁNYI KAR SZOCIOLÓGIA TANSZÉK INTERDISZCIPLINÁRIS TÁRSADALOMKUTATÁSOK DOKTORI PROGRAM 2015 MEMORY EMANCIPATED EXPLORING THE MEMORY OF THE NAZI GENOCIDE OF ROMA IN HUNGARY by ANNA LUJZA SZÁSZ TUTOR: habil Dr. ÉVA KOVÁCS CSc EÖTVÖS LÓRÁND UNIVERSITY BUDAPEST FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY INTERDISCIPLINARY SOCIAL STUDIES PROGRAM 2015 Acknowledgements As the submission of my dissertation was approaching I started getting emotional about it. It was the realization that this text is not only about the exploration of the memory of the Nazi genocide of Roma but it is also a context which made me possible to meet great people, to gain incredibly meaningful experience and knowledge academically, socially and personally, and to learn to be aware of the position from where I am speaking. It was a little bit more than four years of my life, and this project was developed, nurtured and completed together with many people whom I am thankful to and whom I shall keep in my memories. This research would have never begun if I had not met Júlia Szalai at a course titled “Sociological Approaches to Race and Ethnicity: The Roma in Post-communist Central Europe” at the Central European University in 2008. A year later I had the chance to be her research assistant in an FP7 research project on ethnic differences in education. I was in that privileged position that Júlia paved my way for many years and I immersed myself in the realm of her knowledge and enjoyed every bits and pieces of the work we did together. -
The Baroque Cello and Its Performance Marc Vanscheeuwijck
Performance Practice Review Volume 9 Article 7 Number 1 Spring The aB roque Cello and Its Performance Marc Vanscheeuwijck Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/ppr Part of the Music Practice Commons Vanscheeuwijck, Marc (1996) "The aB roque Cello and Its Performance," Performance Practice Review: Vol. 9: No. 1, Article 7. DOI: 10.5642/perfpr.199609.01.07 Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/ppr/vol9/iss1/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Claremont at Scholarship @ Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in Performance Practice Review by an authorized administrator of Scholarship @ Claremont. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Baroque Instruments The Baroque Cello and Its Performance Marc Vanscheeuwijck The instrument we now call a cello (or violoncello) apparently deve- loped during the first decades of the 16th century from a combina- tion of various string instruments of popular European origin (espe- cially the rebecs) and the vielle. Although nothing precludes our hypothesizing that the bass of the violins appeared at the same time as the other members of that family, the earliest evidence of its existence is to be found in the treatises of Agricola,1 Gerle,2 Lanfranco,3 and Jambe de Fer.4 Also significant is a fresco (1540- 42) attributed to Giulio Cesare Luini in Varallo Sesia in northern Italy, in which an early cello is represented (see Fig. 1). 1 Martin Agricola, Musica instrumentalis deudsch (Wittenberg, 1529; enlarged 5th ed., 1545), f. XLVIr., f. XLVIIIr., and f. -
The Science of String Instruments
The Science of String Instruments Thomas D. Rossing Editor The Science of String Instruments Editor Thomas D. Rossing Stanford University Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics (CCRMA) Stanford, CA 94302-8180, USA [email protected] ISBN 978-1-4419-7109-8 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-7110-4 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7110-4 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer ScienceþBusiness Media (www.springer.com) Contents 1 Introduction............................................................... 1 Thomas D. Rossing 2 Plucked Strings ........................................................... 11 Thomas D. Rossing 3 Guitars and Lutes ........................................................ 19 Thomas D. Rossing and Graham Caldersmith 4 Portuguese Guitar ........................................................ 47 Octavio Inacio 5 Banjo ...................................................................... 59 James Rae 6 Mandolin Family Instruments........................................... 77 David J. Cohen and Thomas D. Rossing 7 Psalteries and Zithers .................................................... 99 Andres Peekna and Thomas D. -
Genre, Ethnoracial Alterity, and the Genesis of Jazz Manouche
Genre, Ethnoracial Alterity, and the Genesis of jazz manouche SIV B. LIE It’s French jazz. Why suggest that it’s jazz manouche? Django obviously started it, the whole movement, on account of him being a superstar, being a Gypsy, and then afterwards the Gyp- sies copied him, and it evolved into that. It’s a category that doesn’t correspond to reality. People should say “Django style.” For me, jazz manouche doesn’t exist, in fact. It’s a fiction. [Jazz manouche] must exist because everyone talks about it.1 n the above quotations, speakers address the ontology of “jazz ma- nouche,” a genre originally grounded in the recordings of guitarist Django Reinhardt (1910–53) and invented several decades after his I 2 death. They represent only a fraction of the musings on the subject that I recorded while interviewing musicians and others involved in the jazz ma- nouche scene in France. Centered on the reproduction of Reinhardt’s musical style, the genre is commonly associated with the Manouche subgroup of I am deeply grateful to Patrick Andresz, Alain Antonietto, Stella Funaro, Gérard Gerber, Engé Helmstetter, Michel Lefort, Gigi Loeffler, Marcel Loeffler, Mandino Reinhardt, and numerous others in France for sharing their stories and lives with me. I would like to thank Michael Beckerman, J. Martin Daughtry, Maureen Mahon, Will Robin, David Samuels, Davin- dar Singh, and especially Benjamin Givan for their thoughtful comments on earlier versions of this article. I would also like to thank the anonymous reviewers of this Journal for the helpful feedback they have provided. -
Jan. 6, 1970 M
Jan. 6, 1970 M. TANSKY 3,487,740 VIOLIN WITH TIMBRE BASS BAR Filed May 9, 1968 c?????? NivENTOR NA CA E TANSKY’ AORNEYS 3,487,740 United States Patent Office Patented Jan. 6, 1. 970 2 Still further objects and advantages of the present in 3,487,740 VIOLIN WITH TEMBRE BASSBAR Vention will readily become apparent to those skilled in the Michael Tansky, 541 Olive Ave., art to which the invention pertains on reference to the Long Beach, Calif. 90812 following detailed description. Filed May 9, 1968, Ser. No. 727,774 5 Description of the drawing ? . , Int. CI. G10d 1/02 0 The description refers to the accompanying drawing in U.S. C. 84-276 6 Claims which like reference characters refer to like parts through out the several views in which: FIGURE 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the sound ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE O box of a violin showing the bass bar embodying my in A violin having an elongated, internally mounted bass vention; , ; bar with a continuous series of conical cavities extending FIGURE 2 is a view of the preferred bass bar, sepa along its inner longitudinal edge and facing the back of rated from the instrument as along one of its longitudinal the instrument. The bass bar results in the violin pro edges; w ` ? - . ducing pure, limpid tones while the cavities reduce the FIGURE3 is a view of the opposite longitudinal edge weight of the bass bar. Y. of the preferred bass bar; and : ... TSSSLSLSSSSLLLLL SLLS0L0LSLSTM SM FIGURE 4 is a fragmentary perspective view of the Background of the invention mid-section of the preferred bass bar. -
Reconstructing Lost Instruments Praetorius’S Syntagma Musicum and the Violin Family C
Prejeto / received: 3. 5. 2019. Odobreno / accepted: 12. 9. 2019. doi: 10.3986/dmd15.1-2.07 RECONSTRUCTING LOST INSTRUMENTS Praetorius’S Syntagma musicum and the Violin Family C. 1619 Matthew Zeller Duke University Izvleček: Knjigi De organographia in Theatrum Abstract: Michael Praetorius’s De organographia instrumentorum Michaela Praetoriusa vsebujeta and Theatrum instrumentorum provide valuable dragocene namige, ki pomagajo pri poznavanju clues that contribute to a new understanding glasbil iz družine violin okoli leta 1619; številna of the violin family c. 1619, many surviving ex- preživela glasbila so manjša, kot so bili izvirniki amples of which are reduced in size from their v 16. in 17. stoletju. Podatki o preživelih glas- sixteenth- and seventeenth-century dimensions. bilih – predvsem izdelki družine Amati – skupaj The record of surviving instruments – especially z metrologijo, sekundarno dokumentacijo in those of the Amati family – alongside metrologic, ikonografskim gradivom kažejo na to, da je documentary and iconographic evidence shows Michael Praetorius opisal veliko glasbilo, po that Michael Praetorius describes a large in- velikosti izjemno podobno violončelu (basso strument conforming remarkably well to the da braccio),kar je odličen primer predstavitve original dimensions of the basso da braccio glasbila iz družine violin in točne uglasitve, kot (violoncello), as well as furnishing an excellent so jih poznali v času izida Praetoriusovega dela. scale representation of the violin family as it was at the time of these works’ -
Acoustical Studies on the Flat-Backed and Round- Backed Double Bass
Acoustical Studies on the Flat-backed and Round- backed Double Bass Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorats der Philosophie eingereicht an der Universität für Musik und darstellende Kunst Wien von Mag. Andrew William Brown Betreuer: O. Prof. Mag. Gregor Widholm emer. O. Univ.-Prof. Mag. Dr. Franz Födermayr Wien, April 2004 “Nearer confidences of the gods did Sisyphus covet; his work was his reward” i Table of Contents List of Figures iii List of Tables ix Forward x 1 The Back Plate of the Double Bass 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 The Form of the Double Bass 2 1.3 The Form of Other Bowed Instruments 4 2 Surveys and Literature on the Flat-backed and Round-backed Double Bass 12 2.1 Surveys of Instrument Makers 12 2.2 Surveys Among Musicians 20 2.3 Literature on the Acoustics of the Flat-backed Bass and 25 the Round-Backed Double Bass 3 Experimental Techniques in Bowed Instrument Research 31 3.1 Frequency Response Curves of Radiated Sound 32 3.2 Near-Field Acoustical Holography 33 3.3 Input Admittance 34 3.4 Modal Analysis 36 3.5 Finite Element Analysis 38 3.6 Laser Optical Methods 39 3.7 Combined Methods 41 3.8 Summary 42 ii 4 The Double Bass Under Acoustical Study 46 4.1 The Double Bass as a Static Structure 48 4.2 The Double Bass as a Sound Source 53 5 Experiments 56 5.1 Test Instruments 56 5.2 Setup of Frequency Response Measurements 58 5.3 Setup of Input Admittance Measurements 66 5.4 Setup of Laser Vibrometry Measurements 68 5.5 Setup of Listening Tests 69 6 Results 73 6.1 Results of Radiated Frequency Response Measurements 73 6.2 Results of Input Admittance Measurements 79 6.3 Results of Laser Vibrometry Measurements. -
The Top, Bassbar and Soundpost
19281204.DOC The Top, Bassbar and Soundpost By Louis Kramer Innumerable experiments have been made to improve the tone of instruments by changing positions of bassbar and soundpost; but every attempted change in that direction has brought about negative and detrimental results, with the exception of change—and this is indeed an outstanding feature—the lengthening of the bassbar. This improvemcnt has since its innovation been recognized and adapted as a success; it may be mentioned here that thc adaption of a longer bassbar becomes even a necessity, with the gradually rising of the "Diapason," the accelerated string pressure caused by a higher pitch; the resistance of the old and short bassbar proved insufficient, hence had to be lengthened in order to establish the much needed support and This bassbar is of vital importance; not alone does it scrve as a reinforcement of the instrument when the string pressure proves to be the strongest, but also—and this mainly—for the gradual slackening of vibrations of that particular part of the upper plate where the lower strings require slower vibrations. lf the bassbar is too thin or too light, the "G" string will invariably sound dull; if too stiff and thick, it will not be responcive. The bassbar may be safely called the "Nerve System" and the soundpost the "Heart" of a violin. The most insignificant change in the position of either post or bar will change the tone of an instrument; and the best violin will not respond if bassbar and soundpost are not in their right place. Worth mentioning here -
The Journal of the Viola Da Gamba Society
The Journal of the Viola da Gamba Society Text has been scanned with OCR and is therefore searchable. The format on screen does not conform with the printed Chelys. The original page numbers have been inserted within square brackets: e.g. [23]. Footnotes here run in sequence through the whole article rather than page by page. The pages labelled ‘The Viola da Gamba Society Provisional Index of Viol Music’ in some early volumes are omitted here since they are up-dated as necessary as The Viola da Gamba Society Thematic Index of Music for Viols, ed. Gordon Dodd and Andrew Ashbee, 1982-, available on-line. All items have been bookmarked. Contents of Volume 30 (2002) Editorial, p.2 Virginia Brookes: In Nomine: an obscure designation Chelys vol. 30, pp. 4-10 Ian Payne: New Light on ‘New Fashions’ by William Cobbold (1560-1639) of Norwich Chelys vol. 30, pp. 11-37 Anne Graf and David A. Ramsey: A Seventeenth-Century Music Manuscript from Ratby, Leicestershire Chelys vol. 30, pp. 38-46 Samantha Owens: The Viol at the Württemberg Court c1717: Identification of the Hand Gamba Chelys vol. 30, pp. 47-59 Review: Chelys vol. 30, pp. 60-61 Letters to the editor: Chelys vol. 30, pp. 62-64 EDITORIAL The contents of the present issue of Chelys serve as a reminder, if any were needed, that we see the music of the past through a glass, darkly. The first article describes the long-standing mystery of the In Nomine, now happily solved, but the other three all deal with topics which still involve a degree of uncertainty: we are never going to be completely sure what was in a missing part, or why a fragment of lyra tablature turned up in a Leicestershire farmhouse, and we may never discover absolute confirmation of what German musicians meant by a 'handt Gamba'. -
ART3-3 Andresz P.132-143 Maquette
La musique des Manouches1 Sinti Alsaciens, Le tournant des années 1970 -1980 { Patrick Andresz * Au début des années 1970, la musique interprétée par les Sinti Alsaciens va connaître de profondes mutations. La composition des orchestres, leur répertoire, le public concerné... tout est bouleversé. Fondateur* de Que s’est-il passé ? Quels sont les acteurs de ces évolutions musicales ? l’orchestre Sweet Chorus. Quelles sont les conséquences pour la communauté manouche alsacienne ? Quelle est cette communauté alsacienne ? Comment s’est-elle constituée ? Jusqu’à la fin du XVIIIe siècle les mentions concernant les Tsiganes en 1 Ceux que la Alsace-Moselle sont épisodiques, géographiquement disparates et sans langue française continuité chronologique. appelle Tsiganes ou Manouches En 1790, le prince allemand de Hesse-Darmstadt qui entretenait une n'utilisent pas importante garnison à Pirmasens, au nord de l’Alsace, constituée ces termes. En Alsace-Moselle, partiellement de soldats mercenaires d’origine manouche, décède. ils préfèrent Désormais sans travail, les Sinti migrent vers le sud et s’installent dans les dire en villages et bourgs alsaciens des Vosges du Nord (Reipertswiller, romanès : « Sinto » Wingen...). Puis ils se dirigent à l’ouest, vers Forbach (Moselle) et plus au (masculin sud, vers Strasbourg. L’origine « allemande » des Manouches alsaciens- singulier) et « Sinti » mosellans est souvent mentionnée par leur mémoire collective. C’est (masculin l’État-civil (création de la Révolution) qui permet de suivre ces pluriel). mouvements de population. Certains abandonnent l’Alsace-Moselle et s’installent en « vieille France ». À titre d’anecdote : après la défaite française de 1870, la famille maternelle de Django Reinhardt quitte Strasbourg (Charles Delaunay : Django, mon frère, p. -
Historical Development of the Cello
Historical development of the cello The cello emerged in Italy in the mid 16th century. The chief predecessor of the modern cello was the bassa viola da braccio. The term “violoncello” was used from the mid 17th century. The earliest cellos had three strings. When four strings became used, they were initially tuned a tone lower than the present day cello (i.e. Bb, F, C and G). Occasionally, cellos were made with five strings. The violin family (including the cello but excluding the double bass) developed independently of the viol family (which flourished in the 15th to 17th centuries, until it became eclipsed by the popularity of the violin family). A consort of viols would consist of treble, tenor and bass (the latter also known as viola da gamba), although other sizes did exist (such as the contrabass, or violone). Viols are fretted, and held on or between the knees when played. They typically have six strings, with a flatter bridge than the violin’s or cello’s, making chord playing easier. Other differences, when compared with the violin family, include a flatter back, sloping shoulders, and thinner wood and strings. The bow used for the viol is slightly convex, unlike the concave bow now used by violinists and cellists. Early violin and cello makers, mostly based in northern Italy, included Giovan Giacomo Dalla Corna, Zanetto de Michelis da Montechiaro, Gasparo da Salò, Giovanni Paolo Maggini, and, most notably, Andrea Amati (c.1505-c.1576; there are surviving Amati violins dating from 1564). The tradition was continued by Andrea’s sons Antonio and Girolamo, Girolamo’s son Nicolo (1596-1684), and Nicolo’s students Andrea Guarneri and Antonio Stradivari. -
Violin, I the Instrument, Its Technique and Its Repertory in Oxford Music Online
14.3.2011 Violin, §I: The instrument, its techniq… Oxford Music Online Grove Music Online Violin, §I: The instrument, its technique and its repertory article url: http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com:80/subscriber/article/grove/music/41161pg1 Violin, §I: The instrument, its technique and its repertory I. The instrument, its technique and its repertory 1. Introduction. The violin is one of the most perfect instruments acoustically and has extraordinary musical versatility. In beauty and emotional appeal its tone rivals that of its model, the human voice, but at the same time the violin is capable of particular agility and brilliant figuration, making possible in one instrument the expression of moods and effects that may range, depending on the will and skill of the player, from the lyric and tender to the brilliant and dramatic. Its capacity for sustained tone is remarkable, and scarcely another instrument can produce so many nuances of expression and intensity. The violin can play all the chromatic semitones or even microtones over a four-octave range, and, to a limited extent, the playing of chords is within its powers. In short, the violin represents one of the greatest triumphs of instrument making. From its earliest development in Italy the violin was adopted in all kinds of music and by all strata of society, and has since been disseminated to many cultures across the globe (see §II below). Composers, inspired by its potential, have written extensively for it as a solo instrument, accompanied and unaccompanied, and also in connection with the genres of orchestral and chamber music. Possibly no other instrument can boast a larger and musically more distinguished repertory, if one takes into account all forms of solo and ensemble music in which the violin has been assigned a part.