DOCSLIB.ORG

Me STORY· of the Nt\TIONS Edmon

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Me STORY· of the Nt\TIONS Edmon mE STORY· OF THE Nt\TIONS EDmON ~bt ~tOt~ of tbe Jaations. SICILY ~--~----------------------------------~ THE STO~Y OF THE NATIONS J. ROMB. By ARTIIUR GILMAS, 2'), THB NORMANS. lIy SAIlAIi M.A•. ORNK J RWETT. 2. THB JEWS. By Prof. J. K. JV. THB BYZANTINB EMPIRE. HOSMER. ByC. W. C. OMAN. 3. GERMANY. Ily Rev. S. IJA"'''il;' Jl. 8IOILY: Pbmnlolan, Gre.k and GOULIil M.A. Roman. Uy the late J'ruf. E. .. CARTHAGB. Ily Prof. ALI'R." A. lo'RlmMAN • J. CHURCIt. 32. THB TUSCAN REPUBLICS. s. ALEXANDER'S EMPIRE. Ily Hy BELLA lJl'F"P'Y. Prof. J. P. MAHAYFY. 3]. POLAND. Dy W. R. MORP.L •• , 6. THB MOORS IN SPAIN. Dy M.A. STAHLEY LANE,PooLE. 34. PARTHIA. Dy Prof. GIlORc.n 7. ANCIBNT EGYPT. By Prof. RAWLINSON. GEORGE RAWLINSON. 35. AUSTRALIAN COMMON- 8. HUNGARY. By Prof. ARM'NIUS WEAI.TH. By GREVII ••• " VAMBERV. TRRGARTItEN. 9. THB SARACENS. By ARTHUR 36. SPAUI. Dy H.·F., WATTS. GILMAN. M.A. 31. IAPAN. Dy DAV'" MURRAY, • 0 IRELAND. By Ih. Hon. EMILY Ph.D• LAWLESS. ]8. SOUTH AFRICA. Dy GEORG It II. CHALDEA. By ZENA'"'' A. M. THKAL. RAGOZJN. 39. VENICB. Ily A •. nTHEA Wmr.. 12. THB GOTHS. By HENkY BkAI>. 40. THE CRUSADES. Jly T. A. LEY• ARCIfI~R and C. L. KL'lriliSI/fJRU. • J. ASSYRIA. lly ZEN Ai.,,, A. 4" VEDIO INDIA. By Z. i\. RA· RAr,ozl:'f, (;(JlIK. '4. TURKEY. lly Sa'L'" LANI(. p. WESTINDIEBand tbeSPANIBH POOLE. IrtAlN. Jjy JA"'h.!'o ROHWAY. ',So BOLLAND. By Prof. J. E. 4j. BOHElIIIlA. lIy C. EOMu,,, THOROLD ROta-:RS. MAUf<ICE. ,6. MEDIEVAL FRANCE. Ily ... THB BALltANS. liyW. M'LLEN, GUSTAV" MA~~JN. AI.A. '7' PERSIA. By S. G. W. II" ... 45. CANADA. Dy Sir J. G. DOCR •• JAMIN• NOT, LL.D. • 8. PH<ENICIA. By Prof. GI<O. 46. BRITISH INDIA. Dy R. W •• RAWLINSON. FRAlF-R, l.L. H. '90 MEDIA. By ZtHAioK A. RA. 47. MODERIII FRANCE. Dy ANDR4. GOZIN• Lit HON. • 0. THB HANSA TOWNS. I:y 48. THE FRANIt&. Dy Lv.w,. SU. HRLKN ZUIMItRN. C;KANT• ••• EARLY BRITAllf. Dy Pruf. 49- AUSTRIA. Dy SIDN"Y WIIIT. ALPRF.D J. CHURCH. MAN ... THB BARBARY CORSAIRS. 50. MODERIII ENGLAND. H.rn•• By STAJiLKY LAJI'&-I"oOLE. the Re'"orm liilL .ny Jl'tiTIN 7]0 RUSSIA. ByW. MORP'Lt., M.A. MCCAtc'rHv. '4. THB JEWS UNDER THlI 5" CHINA. HyProf.R. K.DnCG'.A" ROMANS. By W. lJ. Mo.",,· 5'. MODERIII ENGLAND. Frnm ,h. SON. Ref!Jrm Hi II 10 the J'rc'>#"llt •s. SCOTLAND. By 10"1< MACK'N. Time. By jl'!:ol'lN MCCAN'fIIV • T(KoH, LL.O. 5J. MODERN SPAIN. Ily III ... ·•• N 06. SWI~ERLAND. By Mn. L'SA A. S. J-f \.nu~. Hl:G and k. STJ:;AlJ.• 54' MODERN ITALY. 1:1 Pum". '7. MEXICO. By SC"N H"I.p.. (,,,,, .. • 8. PORTUGAL. lly II. ;\t"",K 55- lfORWAY. lIy II. II. novPSI'.•. hTErJlE~5. 50. WALES. By O. III. Eow"",,,. I..o'!DOS: T. FISHER t:NWIN, PATERNOSTER S'll'ARE, E.C. • ----------------~. - ~ --------------------------~ • • , • PHOENICIAN, GREEK, & ROMAN BY EDWARD A. FREEMAN, M.A., HON. D.C.L., LL.D. REGIUS PROFESSOR OF r..IODERN HISTORY, OXFORD. FELLOW OF ORIEL COLLEGE. HONORARY PELLOW OF TRINITY COLLBGE, OXFORD THIRD EDITION LONDON • T. F ISH E RUN WIN PATERNOSTER SQUARE, E.C. COPYRIGHT BY T. FISIIER llN\\'IN. 1892 v ~ ~51 r 7 CL. <L-£2-"( PREF ACE. IN undertaking "to contribute ·a short History c,f Sicily to the series called The Story of the Nations," Mr. Freeman says, in the Preface to his greater work on the same subject, that he did so "on the express ground that Sicily never was the home of any nation, but rather the meeting-place of many." The original suggestion had been that he should write a volume on Norman Sicily. But in view of the necessity of first introducing his readers to the earlier stages of Sicilian lflstory, this suggestion finally ripened into the proposal to write the wh-ole story of Sicily, from the earliest days of the Greek colonisation to the time of Frederick the Second. The idea grew. It had for'many yeqrs been a favourite saying of Mr. Freeman that" in order bo write a small history you must first write a large one." viii PREFACE. In this way the II Little History of Sicily II gave birth to the larger one, of which three volumes, reach­ ing down to the time of the Athenian siege and the tyranny of Dionysios, have already been issued by the Clarendon Press. Besides this, there exist materials for a continuation of the larger history down to the period of the Roman Conquest and for a later volume on Norman Sicily. But, unhappily for his readers, he has not been spared to bring the work, either in its greater or lesser form, to com­ pletion. With the exception of the headings from p. 297 onwards and the Index, which has been drawn up as far 3.S possible on the lines of those maue by the author himself for his greater work, the whole of the sheets had been passed for press by Mr. Freeman before he left England on his last journey-a journey to Spain, undertaken with a special view to the better understanding of the later parts of his great work. The present volume goes down to the end of the Roman dominion, and the last pal't of 'he book, which deals with Sicily as a Roman Province, covers a period which, in contrauistinction to his usual practice, he had not yet written in the larger form. It had been his intention to add to the present a ~cond volume, beginning with the coming of the Saracens, and which should, accoruing to the hopes PREFACE. ix expressed in hIS greater work, have been at any rate carried on "till the Wondel' of the World is laid in his tomb at Palermo," or, it may be, carried on yet further to the time when the "island story" should be merged in that of the new Italian Kingdom. But it was not so to be. The" life and strength" that he had hoped for failed him before their time, and, in the language of the Psa:lmist, whose words were ever on his lips and in his writings, his strength was brought down in his journey, his days were shortened. He died at Alicante on March 16, 1892. A. }. E. AND M. E. CONTENTS. PAGE PREFACE vii I. CHARACTERISTICS OF SICILIAN HISTORY 1-7 Geographical position of Sicily-Strife of East imd West­ Summary of the History. II. SICILY AND ITS INHABITANTS Colonies in Sicily-Nature of Colonies-The older inhabitants -Phc:enician and Greek Settlers-Shape of Sicily-Nature of the land-The Hill-lowns-The Phc:enicians-Phc:enician Colonies in Sicily-Panormos, Motya, and Eryx. III. THE LEG:tNns . Hhakles-The Nether Gods-The Palici and the Goddesses -Arethousa. IV. THE GREEK SETTLEMENTS IN SICILY FO~lndation of Naxos-Foundation of Syracuse-Foundation of Leontinoi and Katane-Foundation of Megarn-Foundation of Zankle and Gela-Kamarina, Himera, and Sc1inous­ Foundation of Akragas-Foundation of Lipara. xii CONriNTS. PAC. v. THE FIRST AGE OF THE GRHK CITIES 57-75 The Syracuse Call1brbi-Tyranny-Phalaris of Akmgns -. Expedition of Dorieus-The Samians at Zankle-Wars of Hil'pokrates-Gelon at Syracuse-War in Wrstem Sicily. VI. THE FIRST WARS WITH CARTHAGE AND ETRURIA 76-86 Persia and Carthage-Invasions of Sidly and Old Greece­ Battle of llimera-Death of GeI,m-Rci~ of Jlieron. VII. THE GREEKS OF SICILY FREE AND INDEPENDENT 87-103 Fall of Iyranny at Akragas-AII Ihe citirs free~Wealtb of Akragas-Politics of Syracuse-Rioe of Ducelius-Fountlation of Kale Akte-Greal preparation' of Syracuse. VIII. THE SHARE OF SICILY IN THE WARS OF OLD GREECE 104-139 Sparta and Athens-Sikeliot appeal to Ath. ns-Ifermokrates al Gela-New War al Leontinoi-Apl'eal of Scgcs·a to Athens - Ilermokrates and Athenagor... - Recall of Alki· I,iades-Ballie before Syracu5e-AlkilJia<lcl al Sparta-The Athenians on the hill-Coming of GylipP,,"-Sccond Expetli· lion Yot(d-Coming of Demosthene. and Eurymedun-J:CIiI'5e of the moon-Lasl hattie and retreat-E.nd of the Alheni.. ," im"uion-Banishment of lIermok,at&. IX. 'I'll' St:COSD CARTH.\GINI.\N INVASION F.,petlition of lIannil ..I-Sicge an.) laking of Selinoul­ lIannil ..!"s Sacrifice - Death of lIer",,,"rat':. - Sirge of Akraga.-Ilcginning. of Dinnpi ... -Sicge and for .... "ing of Gela-Trc"31y .. itb Carthage. COXTEXTS. XlIl PAGE x. THE Tnt.uiUn OF DJO!nslos • The lpanoy uf Diooysjos-Rewoll ag.>irut Diooysios-Con­ quesl~ of Diooysios-Foni6calioa of Epipobi-Dioorsios' double marriage-Siege of MotJ2-FOUD<blioo of tilyb'lioo­ Sea·6gb1 011" Mlaoe-canh:aginian Siege of Syncuse-lkf.-al of Ibe Ombagioisns-SeulemeolS uf Dionpios-Hi5 d"fe:lI AI Taoromeoioo-Wars in luly-Deslmctioo of towns io luIy-T:okiog of ~Dioo)"sio. io lbe H:ldri:ltic-W:u with Canha..~Death of DiOll~ Xl. THE DEUVERDtS • Diooysios aud his Soo-Diooysios the Yoooger-Coming of Dioo-Dioo ddivas Syracuse-DiOO aud DiOD~-siOii-Dioo d~riwd of the Geoeralship-RelOlD of DiOO-RcCO\-e":)' of lbe l;l.md-End of Dioo.-T"UDOleOo in Sicily-RC'CO\'ft}' of the bland-Sew- Setdemenl of Sicily-W:or .. ith Canh:.ge-­ B:oule of the Krimisos-Last d:lys of Timolu>n-AlchiJo.mos aDd Aleundcr. XIL THE TntANKY or AGATHOKU:s 2 33-260 lIis early life-His rise lo power-His conquests-Raule of the IIimens-He Jands in .~-IIis .-\fricaD am(l'lij;n­ MOlder of Ophellas-Aguhok1es king-End of the Arriao e:r.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sicily's Ancient Landscapes & Timeless Traditions 2021
    YOUR O.A.T. ADVENTURE TRAVEL PLANNING GUIDE® Sicily’s Ancient Landscapes & Timeless Traditions 2021 Small Groups: 8-16 travelers—guaranteed! (average of 13) Overseas Adventure Travel ® The Leader in Personalized Small Group Adventures on the Road Less Traveled 1 Dear Traveler, At last, the world is opening up again for curious travel lovers like you and me. And the O.A.T. Sicily’s Ancient Landscapes & Timeless Traditions itinerary you’ve expressed interest in will be a wonderful way to resume the discoveries that bring us so much joy. You might soon be enjoying standout moments like these: Who doesn’t love to eat in Italy? But Sicilian food, which is heavily influenced by the Arabs who thrived here, is in a league of its own. Sample the local flavors when you visit the Tunisian-inflected town of Mazara del Vallo and share a traditional Sicilian lunch with a local family. As you savor the home-cooked fare, you’ll learn how the city’s identity continues to evolve, and the vital role of the local fishing industry. You’ll also visit a home of a very different sort, one that traveler Carol Bowman described as “a house full of hope.” It’s Casa di Maria, an organization (and Grand Circle Foundation partner) established by a family in Catania to provide a loving home for children who are refugees or victims of neglect and domestic violence. The daughter-in-law of the founders (Sergio and Carmela) will enlighten you about Sicily’s foster care system. And you’ll meet more of the Casa’s extended family, including a young Nigerian woman who literally showed up on Sicily’s shores with nothing and grew up here, and hear her harrowing—but ultimately inspiring—story.
    [Show full text]
  • Photo Ragusa
    foto Municipalities (link 3) Modica Modica [ˈmɔːdika] (Sicilian: Muòrica, Greek: Μότουκα, Motouka, Latin: Mutyca or Motyca) is a city and comune of 54.456 inhabitants in the Province of Ragusa, Sicily, southern Italy. The city is situated in the Hyblaean Mountains. Modica has neolithic origins and it represents the historical capital of the area which today almost corresponds to the Province of Ragusa. Until the 19th century it was the capital of a County that exercised such a wide political, economical and cultural influence to be counted among the most powerful feuds of the Mezzogiorno. Rebuilt following the devastating earthquake of 1693, its architecture has been recognised as providing outstanding testimony to the exuberant genius and final flowering of Baroque art in Europe and, along with other towns in the Val di Noto, is part of UNESCO Heritage Sites in Italy. Saint George’s Church in Modica Historical chocolate’s art in Modica The Cioccolato di Modica ("Chocolate of Modica", also known as cioccolata modicana) is an Italian P.G.I. specialty chocolate,[1] typical of the municipality of Modica in Sicily, characterized by an ancient and original recipe using manual grinding (rather than conching) which gives the chocolate a peculiar grainy texture and aromatic flavor.[2][3][4] The specialty, inspired by the Aztec original recipe for Xocolatl, was introduced in the County of Modica by the Spaniards, during their domination in southern Italy.[5][6] Since 2009 a festival named "Chocobarocco" is held every year in the city. Late Baroque Towns of the Val di Noto (South-Eastern Sicily) The eight towns in south-eastern Sicily: Caltagirone, Militello Val di Catania, Catania, Modica, Noto, Palazzolo, Ragusa and Scicli, were all rebuilt after 1693 on or beside towns existing at the time of the earthquake which took place in that year.
    [Show full text]
  • Cult Statue of a Goddess
    On July 31, 2007, the Italian Ministry of Culture and the Getty Trust reached an agreement to return forty objects from the Museum’s antiq­ uities collection to Italy. Among these is the Cult Statue of a Goddess. This agreement was formally signed in Rome on September 25, 2007. Under the terms of the agreement, the statue will remain on view at the Getty Villa until the end of 2010. Cult Statue of a Goddess Summary of Proceedings from a Workshop Held at The Getty Villa May 9, 2007 i © 2007 The J. Paul Getty Trust Published on www.getty.edu in 2007 by The J. Paul Getty Museum Getty Publications 1200 Getty Center Drive, Suite 500 Los Angeles, California 90049­1682 www.getty.edu Mark Greenberg, Editor in Chief Benedicte Gilman, Editor Diane Franco, Typography ISBN 978­0­89236­928­7 This publication may be downloaded and printed in its entirety. It may be reproduced, and copies distributed, for noncommercial, educational purposes only. Please properly attribute the material to its respective authors. For any other uses, please refer to the J. Paul Getty Trust’s Terms of Use. ii Cult Statue of a Goddess Summary of Proceedings from a Workshop Held at the Getty Villa, May 9, 2007 Schedule of Proceedings iii Introduction, Michael Brand 1 Acrolithic and Pseudo­acrolithic Sculpture in Archaic and Classical Greece and the Provenance of the Getty Goddess Clemente Marconi 4 Observations on the Cult Statue Malcolm Bell, III 14 Petrographic and Micropalaeontological Data in Support of a Sicilian Origin for the Statue of Aphrodite Rosario Alaimo, Renato Giarrusso, Giuseppe Montana, and Patrick Quinn 23 Soil Residues Survey for the Getty Acrolithic Cult Statue of a Goddess John Twilley 29 Preliminary Pollen Analysis of a Soil Associated with the Cult Statue of a Goddess Pamela I.
    [Show full text]
  • Iconoclasm: a Christian Dilemma
    ICONOCLASM: A CHRISTIAN DILEMMA - A BYZANTINE CONTROVERSY By STEPHEN CHARLES STEACY •• Bachelor of Arts Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 1969 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS December, 1978 ICONOCLASM: A CHRISTIAN DILEMMA - A BYZANTINE CONTROVERSY Thesis Approved: '. ~- Dean of the Graduate College 1019541 ii P~F~E This thesis is concerned with Iconoclasm, the religious upheaval which troubled the Byzantine conscience for over a century. There have been numerous theories adduced by his­ torians to account for this phenomenon. It is the purpose of this study to view the varying interpretations, analyze their shortcomings, and to put forth a different view of the controversy, one that more adequately expresses the deeply rooted religious nature of the movement, a movement not only of the eighth and ninth centuries but an idea which was nurtured in fertile soil of the Old Testament and Apostolic Christianity. The author wishes to express heartfelt appreciation to his thesis adviser, Dr. George Jewsbury, whose unflagging solicitude, support, and inspiration were instrumental in the preparation of this work. A note of thanks is given to Mrs. Karen Hoyer, whose typing expertise, in the final analysis, made the difference between success and failure. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION AND HISTORIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY 1 II. THEOLOGICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL COURSES OF THE CONTROVERSY. • • . • . • • . • . 13 Genesis of the Cult of Icons .•.• 13 The Scriptures as the Foundation of Iconoclasm. 26 Precursors of ·the Iconoclast Movement . 30 Origen . 31 Eusebius .
    [Show full text]
  • Gaia Servadio, Motya: Unearthing a Lost Civilization Laina Farhat-Holzman [email protected]
    Comparative Civilizations Review Volume 57 Article 12 Number 57 Fall 2007 10-1-2007 Gaia Servadio, Motya: Unearthing a Lost Civilization Laina Farhat-Holzman [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/ccr Recommended Citation Farhat-Holzman, Laina (2007) "Gaia Servadio, Motya: Unearthing a Lost Civilization," Comparative Civilizations Review: Vol. 57 : No. 57 , Article 12. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/ccr/vol57/iss57/12 This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the All Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Comparative Civilizations Review by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Farhat-Holzman: Gaia Servadio, <em>Motya: Unearthing a Lost Civilization</em> Book Reviews 117 Gaia Servadio, Motya: Unearthing a Lost Civilization. London: Phoenix Paperback, 2001. In all of our ISCSC conference discussions of "what is a civiliza- tion?" one of the world's more ancient cultures, the Phoenicians, has rarely come up. We all know something about them—certainly from the Roman accounts of their long relationship with them at first as trading partners, and ultimately in a war to the death, which the Carthaginian Phoenicians lost. We have also heard them described in the Hebrew Scriptures as being among the inhabitants of Canaan. We have not heard anything from the Phoenicians themselves, because although they are credited with having invented the very alpha- bet that is used in variations by Greeks, Hebrews, Romans, and Muslims, any literature that they may have written was destroyed by enemies who had the last word.
    [Show full text]
  • Quod Omnium Nationum Exterarum Princeps Sicilia
    Quod omnium nationum exterarum princeps Sicilia A reappraisal of the socio-economic history of Sicily under the Roman Republic, 241-44 B.C. Master’s thesis Tom Grijspaardt 4012658 RMA Ancient, Medieval and Renaissance Studies Track: Ancient Studies Utrecht University Thesis presented: June 20th 2017 Supervisor: prof. dr. L.V. Rutgers Second reader: dr. R. Strootman Contents Introduction 4 Aims and Motivation 4 Structure 6 Chapter I: Establishing a methodological and interpretative framework 7 I.1. Historiography, problems and critical analysis 7 I.1a.The study of ancient economies 7 I.1b. The study of Republican Sicily 17 I.1c. Recent developments 19 I.2. Methodological framework 22 I.2a. Balance of the sources 22 I.2b. Re-embedding the economy 24 I.3. Interpretative framework 26 I.3a. Food and ideology 27 I.3b. Mechanisms of non-market exchange 29 I.3c. The plurality of ancient economies 32 I.4. Conclusion 38 Chapter II. Archaeology of the Economy 40 II.1. Preliminaries 40 II.1a. On survey archaeology 40 II.1b. Selection of case-studies 41 II.2. The Carthaginian West 43 II.2a. Segesta 43 II.2b. Iatas 45 II.2c. Heraclea Minoa 47 II.2d. Lilybaeum 50 II.3. The Greek East 53 II.3a. Centuripe 53 II.3b. Tyndaris 56 II.3c. Morgantina 60 II.3d. Halasea 61 II.4. Agriculture 64 II.4a. Climate and agricultural stability 64 II.4b. On crops and yields 67 II.4c. On productivity and animals 70 II.5. Non-agricultural production and commerce 72 II.6. Conclusion 74 Chapter III.
    [Show full text]
  • JANUARY 2007 MONDAY 1 (19 Dec.) Martyr Boniface at Tarsus in Cilicia (+290), and Righteous Aglae (Aglaida) of Rome
    JANUARY 2007 MONDAY 1 (19 Dec.) Martyr Boniface at Tarsus in Cilicia (+290), and Righteous Aglae (Aglaida) of Rome. Martyrs Elias, Probus, and Ares, in Cilicia (+308). Martyrs Polyeuctus at Caeasarea in Cappadocia, and Timothy the deacon. St. Boniface the Merciful, bishop of Ferentino (VI cent.). St. Gregory, archbishop of Omirits (+c. 552). St. Elias, wonderworker of the Kyiv Caves (+c. 1188). Heb. 11, 17-23, 27-31 Mk. 9, 42 - 10, 1 TUESDAY 2 (20 Dec.) Prefestive of the Nativity of Christ. Hieromartyr Ignatius the God-bearer, bishop of Antioch (+107). St. Philogonius, bishop of Antioch (+c. 323). St.Daniel, archbishop of Serbia (+1338). Venerable Ignatius, archimandrite of the Kyiv Caves (+1435). Heb. 4, 14 – 5, 10 Mt. 5, 14-19 WEDNESDAY 3 (21 Dec.) Virgin-martyr Juliana and with her 500 men and 130 women in Nicomedia (+304). Martyr Themistocles of Myra and Lycia (+251). Repose of St. Peter, metropolitan of Kyiv and all- Rus’-Ukraine (1326). Heb. 7, 26 – 8, 2 Lk. 6, 17-23 THURSDAY 4 (22 Dec.) Great-martyr Anastasia, and her teacher Chrysogonus, and with them martyrs Theodota, Evodias, Eutychianus, and others who suffered under Diocletian (+c. 304). Gal. 3, 23-29 Lk. 7, 36-50 FRIDAY 5 (23 Dec.) Holy ten martyrs of Crete: Theodulus, Euporus, Gelasius, Eunychius, Zoticus, Pompeius, Agathopusus, Basilidus and Evarestes (III cent.).St. Niphon, bishop of Cyprus (IV cent.). St. Paul, bishop of Neo-Caesaraea (IV cent.). 1 January 2007 The Royal Hours: First Hour: Micah 5, 2-4 Heb. 1, 1-12 Mt. 1, 18-25 Third Hour: Baruch 3, 36 – 4, 4 Gal.
    [Show full text]
  • Warships of the First Punic War: an Archaeological Investigation
    WARSHIPS OF THE FIRST PUNIC WAR: AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION AND CONTRIBUTORY RECONSTRUCTION OF THE EGADI 10 WARSHIP FROM THE BATTLE OF THE EGADI ISLANDS (241 B.C.) by Mateusz Polakowski April, 2016 Director of Thesis: Dr. David J. Stewart Major Department: Program in Maritime Studies of the Department of History Oared warships dominated the Mediterranean from the Bronze Age down to the development of cannon. Purpose-built warships were specifically designed to withstand the stresses of ramming tactics and high intensity impacts. Propelled by the oars of skilled rowing crews, squadrons of these ships could work in unison to outmaneuver and attack enemy ships. In 241 B.C. off the northwestern coast of Sicily, a Roman fleet of fast ramming warships intercepted a Carthaginian warship convoy attempting to relieve Hamilcar Barca’s besieged troops atop Mount Eryx (modern day Erice). The ensuing naval battle led to the ultimate defeat of the Carthaginian forces and an end to the First Punic War (264–241 B.C.). Over the course of the past 12 years, the Egadi Islands Archaeological Site has been under investigation producing new insights into the warships that once patrolled the wine dark sea. The ongoing archaeological investigation has located Carthaginian helmets, hundreds of amphora, and 11 rams that sank during the course of the battle. This research uses the recovered Egadi 10 ram to attempt a conjectural reconstruction of a warship that took part in the battle. It analyzes historical accounts of naval engagements during the First Punic War in order to produce a narrative of warship innovation throughout the course of the war.
    [Show full text]
  • Carthaginian Mercenaries: Soldiers of Fortune, Allied Conscripts, and Multi-Ethnic Armies in Antiquity Kevin Patrick Emery Wofford College
    Wofford College Digital Commons @ Wofford Student Scholarship 5-2016 Carthaginian Mercenaries: Soldiers of Fortune, Allied Conscripts, and Multi-Ethnic Armies in Antiquity Kevin Patrick Emery Wofford College Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/studentpubs Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, and the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Emery, Kevin Patrick, "Carthaginian Mercenaries: Soldiers of Fortune, Allied Conscripts, and Multi-Ethnic Armies in Antiquity" (2016). Student Scholarship. Paper 11. http://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/studentpubs/11 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ Wofford. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Wofford. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Wofford College Carthaginian Mercenaries: Soldiers of Fortune, Allied Conscripts, and Multi-Ethnic Armies in Antiquity An Honors Thesis Submitted to The Faculty of the Department of History In Candidacy For An Honors Degree in History By Kevin Patrick Emery Spartanburg, South Carolina May 2016 1 Introduction The story of the mercenary armies of Carthage is one of incompetence and disaster, followed by clever innovation. It is a story not just of battles and betrayal, but also of the interactions between dissimilar peoples in a multiethnic army trying to coordinate, fight, and win, while commanded by a Punic officer corps which may or may not have been competent. Carthaginian mercenaries are one piece of a larger narrative about the struggle between Carthage and Rome for dominance in the Western Mediterranean, and their history illustrates the evolution of the mercenary system employed by the Carthaginian Empire to extend her power and ensure her survival.
    [Show full text]
  • Ammianus and Constantius: the Portrayal of a Tyrant in the Res Gestae
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 12-2009 Ammianus and Constantius: The Portrayal of a Tyrant in the Res Gestae Sean Robert Williams University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Williams, Sean Robert, "Ammianus and Constantius: The Portrayal of a Tyrant in the Res Gestae. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2009. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/572 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Sean Robert Williams entitled "Ammianus and Constantius: The Portrayal of a Tyrant in the Res Gestae." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, with a major in History. Michael Kulikowski, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Maura Lafferty, Christine Shepardson Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Sean Robert Williams entitled “Ammianus and Constantius: The Portrayal of a Tyrant in the Res Gestae .” I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, with a major in History.
    [Show full text]
  • Tour Factsheet
    Self-Guided Bicycle Tours in Italy: Eastern Sicily: from Baroque Cities to the Capital of Magna Grecia Self-Guided Bicycle Tours in Italy: Eastern Sicily: from Baroque Cities to the Capital of Magna Grecia Tour Facts Sheet This tour explores southeastern Sicily and the famous baroque towns of the Val di Noto. The Spanish occupied this area in the late 17th century when 45 towns were destroyed by a single earthquake in 1693. In rebuilding the cities in the region they left a legacy of the most significant collection of baroque churches anywhere. Add to this the culinary delicacies (like the famous chocolate from Modica and local seafood) of the region, the famous red wine "Nero d'Avola" and the "Moscato di Noto" and you have an unforgettable bicycle ride. The ride takes you along the coast of southeastern Sicily to the southernmost point of the island. This is a perfect tour in the Spring and Fall. Add mileage to the easy day rides if you want more exercise or just take it easy and enjoy Sicily! The secret recipes of Modica's Chocolate, Baroque masterpeices of Noto, Greek temples Norman castles and Arab Highlights architectures all in one island, 2,700 years old city of Syracuse, the Baroque influence in Sicilian cuisine, the homeland of Cannoli and Pistacchio pastry €1150 Single supplement: €200 Price Solo traveler supplement: €100 (in addition to single supplement) 7 days, 6 nights in 3-4 star hotels; 6 breakfasts; use of a quality 24-27 speed racing or hybrid bicycle; bike delivery and Includes collection; bike fitting and briefing; detailed route descriptions; map; GPS with preloaded tracks; luggage transfers.
    [Show full text]
  • Demeter Malophoros and Zeus Meilichios in Selinus
    Journal of Ancient History 2019; 7(1): 62–110 Allaire B. Stallsmith* A Divine Couple: Demeter Malophoros and Zeus Meilichios in Selinus https://doi.org/10.1515/jah-2018-0019 Abstract: This paper concerns a collection of rough-hewn flat stelae excavated from the precinct of Zeus Meilichios in Selinus, Sicily between 1915 and 1926, a majority with two heads or busts, one male and one female, carved at their tops. These crudely fashioned idols are unique in their iconography. They combine the flat inscribed Punic stela with the Greek figural tradition, with some indigenous features. Their meaning is totally obscure – especially since they lack any literary reference. No comparable monuments have been found in ancient Mediterranean cult. The twin stelae were often set up above a collection of burnt rodent and bird bones, ashes, lamps, broken and burnt pottery and terracotta figurines, as a mem- orial of a sacrifice. The stelae were the objects of a gentilicial cult, similar to that posited for the inscribed “Meilichios stones” with which they shared the Field of Stelae of Zeus Meilichios. The theory advanced here interprets these diminutive stelae (average height 30 cm) as the objects of domestic cult. It was customary in many parts of the ancient Mediterranean, from the Bronze Age down to the Ro- man period, to venerate household or family gods who protected the health and the wealth of the family. They were thought to embody the spirits of the ancestors and could at times be identified with the gods of the state religion. This divine couple whose effigies were dedicated in the Field of Stelae over a period of four centuries, into the third century, cannot be claimed as Greek or Punic deities.
    [Show full text]