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67-16262 BUCHANAN, Frederick Stewart, 1931 This dissertation has microfilm ed exactly as recalved 67-16,262 BUCHANAN, Frederick Stewart, 1931- THE OLD PATHS: A STUDY OF THE AMISH RESPONSE TO PUBLIC SCHOOLING IN OHIO. The Ohio State University, Fh.D., 1967 Education, religion University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan THE OLD PATHS: A STUDY OF THE AMISH RESPONSE TO PUBLIC SCHOOLING IN OHIO DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Frederick Stewart Buchanan, B.A., M.S. ****** The Ohio State University 1967 Approved by ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The research reported herein was performed pursuant to a contract with the United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, under the provisions of the Cooperative Research Program. Appreciation is expressed to Dr. Robert E. Jewett for his advice and for the freedom he afforded the w riter during the course of this study. The comments of Dr. Robert B. Sutton have been relevant as have those of Dr. Robert H. Bremner who suggested the topic o rig inally. Dr. John A. Hostetler of Temple University has shared with the writer his own extensive insights into Amish life and belief. Mr. M. Lawrence Light gave timely suggestions in the preparation of the interview schedu1e. The writer has interviewed the public school superintendents of three Ohio counties and numerous Ohio Amishmen; their frank expressions have added immeasurably to an understanding of the Ohio Amish and their relationship to public education. A special debt of gratitude is due the forty residents of an Ohio Amish settlement who gave freely of their time and opinions and who so warmly welcomed the w riter, his wife, and son during a two-week sojourn in the community. The w riter's wife, Rama, has not only typed the manuscript with consummate s k ill, but has been a constant source of encouragement. The study has benefited from her keen insights and dedication. VITA August 9, 1931 • • Born * Stevenston, Ayrshire, Scotland 1959 ............................ B.A., University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 1959“ 1960 .... Research Fellowship, University of Utah, Salt Lake C ity, Utah 1960-1963 * • • • Teacher, History and English, Bountiful High School, Bountiful, Utah 1 9 6 1 . M.S., University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah I963 ............................ Graduate Assistant, Department of History, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 196^-1967 • * • • Research Associate, Department of Education, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio PUBLICATIONS In collaboration with Meno Lovenstein and Robert B. Ribble. "Economics Curricular Materials," in Lovenstein, et a i., Development of Economics Curricular Materials. Cooperative Research Project No. HS-082. Columbus: The Ohio State University Research Foundation, 1966. In collaboration with Robert E. Jewett and Robert B. Ribble. 'The Relevance of the Project to the Social Studies Curriculum," in Meno Lovenstein, et a l., Development of Economics Curricular Materials. Cooperative Research Project No. HS-082. Columbus: The Ohio State University Research Foundation, 1966. FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Social Studies Education Studies in Social Studies Education. Professor Robert E. Jewett Studies in History of Education. Professors Bernard Mehl and Robert B. Sutton Studies in History. Professors Mary E. Young and Robert H. Bremner • • » 11 1 CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS................................................................................................................. ii VITA ........................................................................................................................................ M i LIST OF T A B L E S ...................................................................................................................... vi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... I The Problem ................................................................................................... I The Origins of the A m ish ...................................................................... 2 Amish Separatism and Its Symbols .................................................... 10 Amish-Mennonite Views on Schooling ............................................... 1^ Amish Opposition to Public Schooling ........................................... 22 I I PUBLIC SCH00LS--THE GROWTH OF A THREAT ........................................... 26 Compulsory Education .... ............................................................. 29 Centralization and Consolidation .................................................... 32 Minimum Standards ..................................................................................... 37 Secular Versus Sectarian Schooling ............................................... 39 I I I CONFLICT AND DETENTE..................................................................................... k2 Expanding Limits ......................................................................................... kZ Unwanted Horizons ..................................................................................... ^9 Deterring a T re n d ..................................................................................... 58 Factors Provoking Conf1ict .................................................................. 62 Verbal agreements ................................................................................ 6k Changes in personnel ....................... 68 Local pressu res ..................................................................................... 70 State Involvement .................................................................. 76 Legal ambiguities .......................................................................... 80 Lack of sensitivity to Amish way of l i f e ........................ 85 Amish intransigence ........................................................................... 90 Absence of d ia lo g u e ........................................................................... 9^ Resort to an I n j u n c t i o n ....................................................................... 98 Educational Innovations Among the Amish ................................. 105 iv CONTENTS (Contd.) CHAPTER Page IV EDGEWOOD AMISH SCHOOL......................................................................... Ill Woodland County Amish Schools ....................................................... 112 Edgewood Amish School D is t r i c t ....................................................... 11*+ The Emergence of Edgewood Amish School ............................. 117 The Survey ......................................................................... ..... 121 Specific objectives ........................................................................ 121 The interview schedule ............................................................... 122 The s a m p le .......................................................................................... 123 Discussion of Survey F in d in g s ...................................................... 12*4 Public schools .... I ........................................................... 12*+ Amish schools...................................................................................... 131 Attitudes toward Amish elementary schools .... 131 Attitudes toward Amish secondary schools .................. l*+0 Amish school c u rric u lu m...................................................... l*+2 The role of theAmish school in the community . 1*+*+ Amish teacher preparation ........................................................... 155 The impact of industrialism ...................................................... 161 Summary of Survey Findings . ...................... 180 V IMPLICATIONS ................................................................................................... 182 The Amish in the World ........................................................................ 182 Conformity in Education .................................................................... 190 Non-Amish Critics of Education ....................................................... 19*+ VI SUMMARY................................................................................................................ 202 APPENDIX............................................................................................................. 207 A Amish Interview Schedule ..................................................................... 208 B The Discipline of 1865 . ......................................................... 220 C Testimony of Uria R. B y le r ................................................................. 223 D Minimum Standards for Amish Schools ........................................... 227 E Analysis of Amish Minimum School Standards ................................ 23*+ F Facts Concerning the Amish Parochial Schools ........................ 238 G Some Amish F e a rs ....................................................................................... 2*+0 H Resolutions of Hardin County Board of Education .... 2*+l I Editorials ......................................................................... 2*+3 J L e t t e r s .......................................................................................................... 2*+8 BIBLIOGRAPHY...............................................................................................................
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