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Initial Environmental Examination (Mon State)

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Initial Environmental Examination (Mon State) Initial Environmental Examination April 2017 Myanmar: Third GMS Corridor Town Development Project “Mon State” Prepared by SAFEGE International Department for the Asian Development Bank. This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. IEE: MON STATE REPORT TA 8758 – Preparing Third GMS Corridor Towns Development Contents Executive Summary (English) ................................ 1-17 Executive Summary (Myanmar) ............................. 1-21 1 Introduction ................................................. 1-27 1.1 Project Categorization 1-27 1.2 Purpose of EIA/IEE 1-27 1.3 Report Organization 1-28 2 Policy, Institutional & Legal Framework ........... 2-28 2.1 Myanmar Environmental Laws, Regulations and Standards 2-28 2.1.1 Historical Background ................................................................................ 2-28 2.1.2 Background of Laws and Regulations ........................................................... 2-29 2.1.3 Applicable Environmental Standards ............................................................ 2-34 2.1.4 National EIA Requirements and Framework .................................................. 2-35 2.1.5 International Treaties ................................................................................ 2-37 2.2 ADB Environmental Safeguards Policy 2-40 2.2.1 General Requirements ............................................................................... 2-40 2.2.2 Environmental Requirements ...................................................................... 2-41 3 Project Description ....................................... 3-44 3.1 Project Proposals for Mawlamyine 3-44 3.2 Water Supply project 3-45 3.2.1 Existing Water Resources ........................................................................... 3-47 3.2.2 Description and Analyses of the Present Situation ......................................... 3-50 3.2.3 Focus on NRW .......................................................................................... 3-57 3.2.4 Other projects .......................................................................................... 3-59 3.2.5 WATER SUPPLY Strategy ............................................................................ 3-64 3.2.6 Future requirements.................................................................................. 3-65 15IAS004 page 1 IEE: MON STATE REPORT TA 8758 – Preparing Third GMS Corridor Towns Development 3.2.7 Option Analysis ......................................................................................... 3-66 3.2.8 Proposed project ....................................................................................... 3-70 3.3 Solid Waste Project 3-80 3.3.1 Diagnosis Solid Waste Management ............................................................ 3-81 3.3.2 Solid Waste Projections & Strategy ............................................................. 3-87 3.3.3 Scenarios ................................................................................................. 3-88 3.3.4 Strategy .................................................................................................. 3-89 3.3.5 Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) ............................................... 3-92 3.3.6 Recycling ................................................................................................. 3-98 3.3.7 Composting .............................................................................................3-101 3.3.8 Solid Waste Treatment and Disposal ..........................................................3-101 3.3.9 Composting Plant .....................................................................................3-105 3.3.10 Disposal Landfill .......................................................................................3-122 3.3.11 Preliminary Design ...................................................................................3-128 3.4 Cultural Heritage 3-144 3.5 Associated Facilities 3-149 4 Baseline Situation ....................................... 4-151 4.1 Regional Geology, Soils and Seismicity 4-151 4.2 Climate 4-154 4.2.1 Rainfall ...................................................................................................4-155 4.2.2 Temperature ...........................................................................................4-155 4.2.3 Wind ......................................................................................................4-156 4.2.4 Humidity .................................................................................................4-157 4.3 Climate Change in Myanmar 4-157 4.3.1 The National Trends .................................................................................4-157 4.3.2 The Sub-national Trends ...........................................................................4-159 4.3.3 Observed Trends in Mawlamyine ................................................................4-159 4.4 Surface Water 4-164 4.4.1 Oceanography .........................................................................................4-164 4.4.2 Hydrology and Floods ...............................................................................4-164 4.5 Hydrogeology 4-168 4.6 Air Quality 4-169 4.7 Water Quality 4-169 4.7.1 Surface Water Quality ..............................................................................4-169 15IAS004 page 2 IEE: MON STATE REPORT TA 8758 – Preparing Third GMS Corridor Towns Development 4.7.2 Underground Water Quality .......................................................................4-170 4.8 Terrestrial & Aquatic Ecology 4-174 4.8.1 NATURAL AND URBAN VEGETATION ...........................................................4-174 4.8.2 AQUATIC FAUNA ......................................................................................4-177 4.8.3 TERRESTRIAL FAUNA ...............................................................................4-178 4.9 Protected Areas and Species 4-178 4.10 Social and Cultural Baseline 4-178 4.10.1 Administrative Organization ......................................................................4-178 4.10.2 Population ...............................................................................................4-180 4.10.3 Education ...............................................................................................4-181 4.10.4 Public Health ...........................................................................................4-181 4.10.5 Water supply ...........................................................................................4-181 4.10.6 Sanitation ...............................................................................................4-182 4.10.7 Solid Waste management .........................................................................4-182 4.10.8 Cultural Heritage .....................................................................................4-184 5 Impact Analysis .......................................... 5-188 5.1 Methodology 5-188 5.2 Anticipated Benefits from the Project 5-189 5.3 Impacts related to Project Location 5-190 5.3.1 Impacts on Land Acquisition and Resettlement ............................................5-190 5.3.2 Impacts from Climate Change and Natural Hazards ......................................5-192 5.3.3 Impacts on Cultural Heritage .....................................................................5-192 5.3.4 Impacts on Natural Resources ...................................................................5-193 5.3.5 Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures .............................................5-193 5.4 Impacts and Mitigation during Construction Stage 5-196 5.4.1 Disruption to Community Utilities ...............................................................5-196 5.4.2 Impacts on Air Quality ..............................................................................5-196 5.4.3 Impacts from Noise and Vibration ..............................................................5-198 5.4.4 Off Site Public Safety and Nuisances ..........................................................5-200 5.4.5 Impacts from Waste Production .................................................................5-201 5.4.6 Hazardous Material Management & Accidental Spill ......................................5-203 5.4.7 Impacts on Water Resources Quality and Use ..............................................5-203 5.4.8 Impacts on Cultural Heritage Resources ......................................................5-204 5.4.9 Health and Safety of Workers ....................................................................5-206 5.4.10 Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures .............................................5-207 15IAS004 page 3 IEE: MON STATE REPORT TA 8758 – Preparing Third GMS Corridor Towns Development 5.5 Impacts during Operation stage 5-213 5.5.1 Impacts on/from Flooding .........................................................................5-213 5.5.2 Impacts
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