I
No. 3 1990
SER. B VOL. 37 NO. 2 Norwegian Journal of Entomology
PUBLISHED BY NORSK ZOOWGISK TIDSSKRlFfSENTRAL OSLO Fauna norvegica Ser. B Norwegian Journal of Entomology Norsk Entomologisk Forenings tidsskrift
Appears with one volume (two issues) annually logisk Forening mottar tidsskriftet ved a betale kr. Utkommer med to hefter pr. ar. 60,-. Andre ma betale kr. 80,-. Disse innbeta linger sendes til NZT, Zoologisk Museum, Sarsgl. Editor-in-Chief (Ansvarlig redakter) I, N-0562 Oslo 5. Postgiro 0806 2348365. John O. Solem, University of Trondheim, The Museum, N-7004 Trondheim. FAUNA NORVEGICA B publishes original new Editorial Committee (Redaksjonskomite) information generally relevant to Norwegian ento Arne Nilssen Zoological Dept., Tromso Museum, mology. The journal emphasizes papers which are N-9000 Tromso, Ole A. Sa:ther, Museum of Zoo mainly faunistical or zoogeographical in scope or logy, Museplass 3, N-5007 Bergen, Albert Lille content, including checklists, faunallists, type ca hammer, Zoological Museum, Sars gt. I, N-0562 talogues and regional keys. Submissions must not Oslo 5. have been previously published or copyrighted and must not be published subsequently except in abstract form or by written consent of the Editor Subscription in-Chief. Members of Norw. Ent. Soc. will receive the jour nal free. Membership fee N.kr. 110,- should be paid to the Treasurer of NEF: Kaare Aagaard, Ty NORSK ENTOMOLOGISK FORENING holtveien 2, N-70 16 Trondheim. Postgiro ser sin oppgave i a fremme det entomologiske 08065440920. Questions about membership should studium i Norge, og danne et bindeledd mellom de be directed to the Secretary of NEF: Trond Hofs interesserte. Medlemskontingenten er for tiden kr. vang, P.O. Box 70, N-1432 As-NLH. Members of 110,- pr. ar. Henvendelse om medlemskap i NEF NOF receive the journal by paying N.kr. 60,-, sendes sekreta:ren: Trond Hofsvang, Postboks 70, non-members by N.kr. 80,- to: NZT, Zoological 1432 As-NLH. Medlemmer far tidsskriftet fritt Museum, Sarsgt. I, N-0562 Oslo 5, Postgiro tilsendt og kan abonnere til redusert pris pa 08062348365. Outside Fennoscandia: additional FAUNA NORVEGICA serie A (generell zoologi, postage N.kr. 10,- per year (surface mail). I hefte pr. ar) for kr. 30,- og pa serie C (ornito logi, 2 hefter pr. ar) for kr. 55,-. Disse innbeta linger sendes til NZT, Zoologisk museum, Sarsgt. Abonnement I, N-0562 Oslo 5. Medlemmer av Norsk Entomologisk Forening far Postgiro 08062348365. tidsskriftet fritt tilsendt. Medlemskontingent kr. 110,- innbetales til kassereren til NEF: Kaare Aagaard, Tyholtveien 2, 7017 Trondheim. Post Trykket med bistand fra Norges almennviten giro 08065440920. Medlemmer av Norsk Ornito skapelige forskningsrad. Opplag 700.
Norsk zoologisk tidsskriftsentral (NZT) er et Managing Editor (Administrerende redakter) felles publiseringsorgan for NEF og NOF i samar Edvard K. Barth, Zoologisk museum, Sarsgt. I, beid med de zoologiske avdelingene ved universi 0562 Oslo 5. tetsmuseene i Oslo, Bergen, Trondheim og Tromso. Adresse: Zoologisk museum, Sarsgt. 1,0562 Oslo Editorial Board (Redaksjonsrsd) 5. Postgiro 08062348365. Wim Vader, Tromso, Svein Haftorn and John O. Solem, Trondheim, Rolf Vik, Oslo.
Kristiansen & Woien, Oslo. ISSN 0332-7698
Fauna (Norsk Zoologisk Forening) har gatt ut av Norsk Zoologisk Tidsskriftsentral. Avtalen om gjensidig reduserte abonnementspriser ps foreningens tidsskrifter vii for fremtiden derfor bare gjelde mellom Norsk Entomologisk Forening og Norsk Ornitologisk Forening. Faunistical records of Caddis flies (Trichoptera) from Telemark, SE Norway
TROND ANDERSEN, SINDRE LIGAARD & GEIR E. E. S0LI
Andersen, T., Ligaard, S. & S01i, G. E. E. 1990. Faunistical records of caddis flies (Trichoptera) from Telemark, SE Norway. Fauna norll. Ser. B. 37: 49-56.
Records of 92 Trichoptera species from Telemark are given. 78 species are taken in outer Telemark, and 49 in inner Telemark. Only five species have previously been recorded from Telemark. Eight ofthe species are considered as rare in Norway. Ofthese Rhyacophilafasciata Hagen, 1859, Agraylea sexmaculata Curtis, 1834, Hydroptila pulchricornis Pictet, 1834, Orthotrichia costalis (Curtis, 1834), Wormaldia occipitalis (Pictet, 1834), Iro noquia dubia (Stephens, 1837), Beraeodes minutus (Linnaeus, 1761) were taken in outer Telemark and Hydroptila occulta (Eaton, 1873) in inner Telemark. Trond Andersen & Geir E. E. S0li, Zoological Museum, University of Bergen, Muse plass 3, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Sindre Ligaard, Mads vei 21, N-1550 Vestby, Norway.
INTRODUCTION page from farming land adds to this poll Although Trichoptera is considered as one of ution. the better studied insect groups in Norway Today, maintenance of the biodiversity is (Aagaard & Hagvar 1987), the Trichoptera considered to be one of the most important fauna in many regions is still very superfici tasks in nature conservation (see e.g. NOU ally known. In his list of Norwegian caddis 1980, World Commission on Environment flies Brekke (1946) recorded three species and Development 1987). A high number of from inner Telemark (TEI), but no species species have their northern border of distrib from outer Telemark (TEY). Later Andersen ution in south Norway. These marginal popu (l983b) added two species from outer Tele lations in south Norway may contribute to mark. In 1988 the caddis fly fauna in a tem save species from extinction, as their habitats porarily pfCltected nature reserve in Pors in south and central Europe in several instan grunn in outer Telemark was studied (Ander ces are threatened due to human activities. In sen & S0li 1989); the species taken during this context it is essential to get a better know this study are included in the present paper. ledge of the distribution and occurrence of This study was initiated as the local authori insects in south Norway. ties wanted to make the area more attractive for recreation. It was for instance suggested that the muddy bottom substratum of several STUDY AREA, MATERIAL AND small ponds in the area should be replaced METHODS with sand to make them more attractive for The total material comprises approximately bathing. 8.450 imagines collected between 1974 and Freshwater localities are among our most 1988 in 40 different localities in outer and threatened habitats. In Norway hydroelectric inner Telemark, fig. 1. The exact localities, exploitation has effected a high number of with UTM- and EIS-references are listed in river systems. Acid rain has led to an increa table 1. The biogeographical provinces fol sing acidity in many freshwater systems in low Strands' system as revised by 0kland south Norway. In the more densely popula (1981). ted areas along the coast of south Norway Most of the material have been taken in many river systems are strongly polluted due light traps, but some specimens were also to industrial waste and housing sewer. See- taken in malaise traps. In addition caddis flies
Fauna nory, Ser. B 37: 46-56. Oslo 1990. 49 Fig. 1. Localities in outer an inner Telemark; the numbers refer to the locality numbers in table 1. have been collected with sweepnets or have THE SPECIES been searched for on stones and vegetation Family Rhyacophilidae along lakes and rivers. Most of the material have been taken by the authors, but some speciemens taken by Torfinn Andersen and Rhyacophila fasciata Hagen, 1859. TEY, Sigmund Hansen are also included. In addi Porsgrunn: Dammane 20 July-26 Sept. tion, a few specimens deposited in the ent 1983455 2 ~~ (light trap), Dammane 15 omological collection at the Zoological Mu June-19 Oct. 1988 145 55 45 ~~ (light seum, University ofBergen, have been identi trap), 15 June-ll July 1 5 (malaise trap), fied. Gravastranda 15 June-I? Sept. 1988455 Capture date, number of males and females 2 ~~ (light trap), Hitter0dbekken 6 June caught and method are only given for species 198815 (net), 15 June-I? Sept. 1988 19 which are considered as rare. 55 1 ~ (malaise trap).
50 Table l. Localities in Telemark, with UTM- and EIS-reference.
No. LOCALITY REGION MUNICIPALITY UTM (32V) EIS
1 B",grend TEI Vinje MM378084 25 2 Darnrnane TEY Porsgrunn NL3946 11 3 Doktorstykket TEY Skien NL3660 18 4 Dl
51 R. nubila (Zetterstedt, 1840). TEY, Pors Family Psychomyiidae grunn: Gravastranda; Bamble: R0rholt. TEI, Lype phaeopa (Stephens, 1836). TEY, Pors Notodden: Notodden; Hjartdal: Amnefossen; grunn: Dammane, Saga; Bamble: Hydal, Kviteseid: Kvitsund; Vinje: B0grend, Va. R0nholt. TEI, Notodden: Notodden. Tinodes waeneri (Linnaeus, 1758). TEY, Family Glossosomatidae Porsgrunn: Dammane, Gravastranda, Sol Agapetus ochripes Curtis, 1834. TEY, Pors vang; Bamble: R0rholt, Stokkevannet. TEI, grunn: Dammane, Gravastranda. TEI, Not Kviteseid: Kvitsund. odden: Notodden. Family Ecnomidae Family Hydroptilidae Ecnomus tenellus (Rambur, 1842). TEY, Agraylea sexmaculata Curtis, 1834. TEY, Porsgrunn: Dammane, Gravastranda; Porsgrunn: Dammane 15 June-12 July Bamble: R0nholt. 19881 5 (light trap). Hydropti/a occulta (Eaton, 1873). TEI, Kvi Family Polycentropodidae teseid: Kvitsund 11-29 July 1988 15 3 ~~ Cyrnus flavidus McLachlan, 1864. TEY, (light trap). Porsgrunn: Dammane; Skien: Hoppestad, H. pulchricornis Pictet, 1834. TEY, Pors Snelltveit. grunn: Dammane 15 June-12 July 1988 15 C. insolutus McLachlan, 1878. TEY, Pors 1 ~ (light trap); Bamble: R0nholt 27 July grunn: Dammane; Skien: Gasodden; Bamble: 1987 1 5 (net), Stokkevannet 27 July 1987 R0nholt; Kragef0: Hullvatn. TEI, Notodden: 3655 3 ~~ (net). Elgsj0en. , H. tineoidesDalman, 1819. TEY, Porsgrunn: C. trimaculatus (Curtis, 1834). TEY, Pors Dammane. TEI, Notodden: Notodden. grunn: Dammane, Gravastranda, Saga; Bam Ithytrichia lamellarisEaton, 1873. TEI, Kvi ble: D0rdal, Hydal; Krager0: Hullvatn. TEI, teseid: Kvitsund. Notodden: Elgsj0en; Hjartdal: Amnefossen; Orthotrichia costalis (Curtis, 1834). TEY, Vinje: Kaldrast01. Porsgrunn: Dammane July 1983 2 ~~ (light Holocentropusdubius(Rambur, 1842). TEY, trap), Bamble: Stokkevannet 27 July 1987 1 Porsgrunn: Dammane, Gravastranda, Sol 5 2 ~~ (net). vang; Bamble: Hydal. Oxyethira distinctella McLachlan, 1880. H. picicornis (Stephens, 1836). TEY, Pors TEY, Krager0: Hullvatn. TEI, Kviteseid: grunn: Skjelsvik; Skien: Gasodden, Snell Kvitsund. tveit. O. flavicornis (Pictet, 1834). TEY, Pors Neureclipsis bimaculata (Linnaeus, 1758). grunn: Dammane, Gravastranda; Kragef0: TEY, Porsgrunn: Gravastranda. Hullvatn. TEI, Hjartdal: Strond; Kviteseid: Plectrocnemia conspersa (Curtis, 1834). TEY, Kvitsund; Vinje: Kaldrast01, Vinje. Porsgrunn: Dammane, Gravastranda, Hitte O. frici Klapalek, 1891. TEI, Notodden: No r0dbekken, Skjelsvik, Solvang; Skien: Dok todden; Kviteseid: Kvitsund. torstykket; Bamble: R0rholt. TEI, Kviteseid: Kvitsund, Liervann; Vinje: Va. Family Philopotamidae Polycentropusflavomaculatus (Pictet, 1834). Phifopotamus montanus (Donovan, 1813). TEY, Porsgrunn: Herregardsstranda, Saga; TEY, Porsgrunn: Dammane; Bamble: R0r Bamble: D0rdal, R0rholt. TEI, Notodden: bolt. Elgsj0en, Notodden; Kviteseid: Liervann; Wormaldia occipitalis (Pictet, 1834). TEY, Vinje: Kaldrast01, Rauland. Porsgrunn: Hitter0dbekken 15 June-19 P. irroratus (Curtis, 1835). TEY, Porsgrunn: Oct. 19883355 148 ~~ (malaise trap), 20 Dammane, Gravastranda; Bamble: R0nholt, July 19882355 1 ~ (net). R0rholt. W. subnigra McLachlan, 1865. TEY, Pors grunn: Dammane. Family Hydropsychidae Hydropsyche angustipennis (Curtis, 1834). TEY, Porsgrunn: Dammane, Gravastranda; Bamble: R0rholt. H. si/talai D6hler, 1963. TEY, Porsgrunn: Dammane, Gravastranda. 52 Family Phryganeidae L. centralis Curtis, 1834. TEY, Porsgrunn: Dammane, Gravastranda, Hittef0dbekken, Agrypnia obsoleta (Hagen, 1864). TEI, Vinje: Skjelsvik, Solvang; Bamble: Voll. TEI, Kvi Nyst0l. A. picta Kolenati, 1848. TEI, Kviteseid: teseid: Kvitsund; Tokke: Urdal; Vinje: Va. Kvitsund. L. coenosus Curtis, 1834. TEY, Porsgrunn: A. varia (Fabricius, 1793). TEY, Porsgrunn: Dammane, Gravastranda, Solvang; Bamble: Dammane; Bamble: R0rholt. TEI, Kviteseid: R0rholt. TEI, Tinn: Vestre Langesjahovda; Kvitsund. Vinje: VA. Phryganea grandis Linnaeus, 1758. TEY, L. decipiens (Kolenati, 1848). TEY, Pors Porsgrunn: Dammane, Gravastranda; Skien: grunn: Dammane, Gravastranda; Bamble: Snelltveit. TEI, Kviteseid: Kvitsund. R0nholt. Trichostegia minor (Curtis, 1834). TEY, L. elegans Curtis, 1834. TEY, Porsgrunn: Porsgrunn: Dammane, Gravastranda, Sol Dammane, Gravastranda. TEI, Kviteseid: vang; Skien: Snelltveit. Kvitsund. L. extricatus McLachlan, 1865. TEY, Pors grunn: Dammane, Gravastranda, Hitter0d Family Lepidostomatidae bekken, Saga; Skien:"Ris; Bamble: R0rholt. TEI, Kviteseid: Kvitsund, Morgedalstjern. Crunoecia irrorata (Curtis, 1834). TEY, L. femoratus (Zetterstedt, 1840). TEI, Vinje: Porsgrunn: Dammane, Gravastranda, Hitte Flothy!. r0dbekken. TEI, Hjartdal: Amnefossen. L. flavicornis (Fabricius, 1787). TEY, Pors Lepidostoma hirtum (Fabricius, 1775). TEY, grunn: Dammane, Gravastranda, Hitter0d Porsgrunn: Gravastranda; Skien: Doktor bekken, Skjelsvik, Solvang. stykket; Bamble: R0rholt. TEI, Kviteseid: L. fuscicornis Rambur, 1842. TEY, Skien: Kvitsund; Vinje: KaldrAst0l. Ris; Bamble: R0rholt. L. griseus (Linnaeus, 1758). TEY, Pors Family Limnephilidae grunn: Dammane, Gravastranda, Solvang. Ironoquia dubia (Stephens, 1837). TEY, L. ignavus McLachlan, 1865. TEY, Pors Porsgrunn: Dammane 25-31 Aug. 1983 2 grunn: Dammane, Gravastranda, Solvang. ~~ (light trap), Gravastranda 20 Aug.-IO. L. lunatus Curtis, 1834. TEY, Porsgrunn: Sept. 1983 1355 (light trap), Gravastranda Dammane, Gravastranda, Solvang; Bamble: 12 Aug.-17 Sept. 19886955 (light trap), R0rholt. Hitter0dbekken 12 Aug.-17 Sept. 1988 1 5 L. luridus Curtis, 1834. TEY, Porsgrunn: (malaise trap). Dammane, Gravastranda, Solvang; Bamble: Apatania stigmatella (Zetterstedt, 1840). R0rholt. TEI, Notodd~n: Notodden; Tinn: Grytsel L. marmoratus Curtis, 1834. TEY, Pors berget; Vinje: Vinje, VA. grunn: Dammane, Gravastranda; Bamble: A. zonella (Zetterstedt, 1840). TEY, Pors R0rholt. grunn: Gravastranda. TEI, Vinje: Fehte L. rhombicus (Linnaeus, 1758). TEY, Pors dokki, Vinje. grunn: Dammane, Gravastranda, Skjelsvik; Chaetopteryx villosa (Fabricius, 1798). TEI, Bamble: R0rholt. Vinje: B0grend. L. sericeus (Say, 1824). TEY, Porsgrunn: Asynarchus lapponicus (Zetterstedt, 1840). Dammane, Gravastranda, Solvang. TEI: Kvi TEI, Tinn: Vestre Langesjlihovda. teseid: Kviteseid. Glyphotaelius pellucidus (Retzius, 1783). L. sparsus Curtis, 1834. TEY, Porsgrunn: TEY, Porsgrunn: Dammane, Gravastranda, Dammane, Gravastranda, Skjelsvik, Solvang. Skjelsvik, Solvang; Bamble: R0rholt. TEI, Kviteseid: Kvitsund. LimnephilusaffinisCurtis, 1834. TEY, Pors L. stigma Curtis, 1834. TEY, Porsgrunn: grunn: Dammane, Gravastranda, Solvang. Dammane, Gravastranda, Solvang. L. auricula Curtis, 1834. TEY, Porsgrunn: L. subcentralis Brauer, 1857. TEY, Pors Dammane, Gravastranda. grunn: Dammane, Gravastranda, Solvang. L. binotatus Curtis, 1834. TEY, Porsgrunn: L. vittatus (Fabricius, 1798). TEY, Pors Dammane, Solvang. grunn: Dammane, Gravastranda; Bamble: L. borealis (Zetterstedt, 1840). TEY, Pors R0rholt. grunn: Dammane, Gravastranda; Skien: Finn Phacopteryx brevipennis (Curtis, 1834). volldalen. TEI, Vinje: Flothyl. 53 TEY, Porsgrunn: Dammane, Gravastranda, D0rdal; Krager0: Hullvatn. TEI, Notodden: Solvang. TEI, Hjartdal: Amnefossen. EIgsj0en; Kviteseid: Kvitsund; Vinje: Kald Halesus radiatus (Curtis, 1834). TEY, Pors rAst01. grunn: Dammane, Gravastranda, Solvang. TEI, Vinje: B0grend. Family Leptoceridae H. tesselatus(Rambur, 1842). TEI, Hjartdal: Athripsodes aterrimus (Stephens, 1836). Amnefossen. TEY, Porsgrunn: Dammane, Gravastranda; Hydatophylax infumatus (McLachlan, 1865). Bamble: R0nholt, Stokkevannet; Krager0: TEY, Porsgrunn: Gravastranda. Hullvatn. Micropterna lateralis (Stephens, 1837). TEY, A. cinereus (Curtis, 1834). TEY, :Ramble: Porsgrunn: Dammane, Gravastranda, Hitte Stokkevannet. r0dbekken, Solvang; Bamble: R0rholt. TEI, Ceraclea dissimilis (Stephens, 1836). TEY, Kviteseid: Kvitsund; Vinje: VA. Skien: Doktorstykket. M. sequax McLachlan, 1875. TEY, Pors C. nigronervosa (Retzius, 1783). TEI, Kvites grunn: Dammane, Gravastranda, Hitter0d eid: Liervann. bekken, Skjelsvik, Solvang; Bamble: R0r C. senilis (Burmeister, 1839). TEY, Bamble: holt. TEI, Kviteseid: Kvitsund; Vinje: B0 R0nholt. grend. Mystacides azurea (Linnaeus, 1761). TEY, Potamophylax cingulatus (Stephens, 1837). Porsgrunn: Dammane, Gravastranda; Bam TEY, Porsgrunn: Dammane, Gravastranda, ble: Stokkevannet; Krager0: Hullvatn. TEI, Skjelsvik, Solvang; Bamble: R0rholt. TEI, Notodden: Notodden; Kviteseid: Morgedals Vinje: Vii. tjern; Vinje: Flothyl, Kaldnist01, Vinje. P. latipennis (Curtis, 1834). TEI, Vinje: Kil M. longicornis (Linnaeus, 1758). TEY, Kra lingtveit, VA. ger0: Hullvatn. P. nigricornis (Pictet, 1834). TEY, Pors Oecetis lacustris (Pictet, 1834). TEY, Pors grunn: Dammane, Gravastranda, Hitter0d grunn: Dammane; Krager0: Hullvatn. TEI, bekken, Skjelsvik, Solvang. TEI, Kviteseid: Vinje: Flothyl. Kvitsund; Vinje: VA. O. ochracea (Curtis, 1825). TEI, Kviteseid: Stenophylax permistus McLachlan, 1895. Kvitsund. TEY, Porsgrunn: Dammane, Gravastranda, O. testacea (Curtis, 1834). TEY, Porsgrunn: Solvang. Dammane. TEI, Kviteseid: Kvitsund. Triaenodes bicolor (Curtis, 1834). TEY, Family Goeridae Skien: GAsodden, Snelltveit; Krager0: Hull Goera pilosa (Fabricius, 1775). TEI, Kvites vatn. TEI, Notodden: Elgsj0en. eid: Kvitsund. Silo pallipes (Fabricius, 1781). TEY, Pors grunn: Dammane. DISCUSSION After Brekke (1946) published his check-list Family Beraeidae on Norwegian Trichoptera, the only records Beraea pullata (Curtis, 1834). TEY, Pors from Telemark are those given by Andersen grunn: Gravastranda, Hitter0dbekken. (1983b). Brekke (1946) recorded no species Beraeodes minutus (Linnaeus, 1761). TEY, from outer Telemark and only three species, Porsgrunn: Dammane 15 June-12 July Rhyacophila nubila (Zetterstedt, 1840), Apa 19886 dd 1 ~ (light trap); Skien: Snelltveit tania stigmatella (Zetterstedt, 1840) and 7 June 1988 1 ~ (net). Limnephilus coenosus Curtis, 1834 from in ner Telemark. Andersen (1983b) recorded Family Sericostomatidae two species, Plectrocnemia conspersa (Cur tis, 1834) and Phryganea grandis Linnaeus, Sericostoma personatum (Spence in Kirby & 1758 from the Grenland area in outer Tele Spence, 1826). TEY, Porsgrunn: Dammane. mark. Hence, most of the species recorded TEI, Kviteseid: Kvitsund. here are «new» to these faunistical regions. Eight of the species are considered as rare Family Molannidae in Norway (Aagaard & HAgvar 1987). Of Molannodes tinctus (Zetterstedt, 1840). TEY, these, Rhyacophilafasciata Hagen, 1859 was Porsgrunn: Dammane, Solvang; Bamble: recorded for the first time in Norway from
54 Fagernes in Ramfjord in outer Troms (Forss the most abundant species in the material lund 1932). The species has later been recor from a malaise trap. Today both localities in ded from Vestfold (Andersen 1975), and has Hordaland are destroyed by human activi also been taken in southern Hedmark (see ties. Aagaard & Hagvar 1987). According to Lep Ironoquia dubia (Stephens, 1837) is recor neva (1970) the species inhabits rapidly run ded from three localities in Vestfold (Ander ning brooks and rivulets. The present speci sen 1975, Andersen & Hansen 1990). The mens were all taken close to small streams. species inhabits ditches, springs and slow Agraylea sexmaculata Curtis, 1834 has flowing streams, but also ponds rich in detri previously only been recorded from Borre tus (Hickin 1967, Lepneva 1971, Tobias & vann in Vestfold (Solem 1972). In Denmark Tobias 1981). The present specimens were all the species inhabits lakes, but also ponds and taken in traps situated close to small streams; slowly running streams (Wiberg-Larsen at Gravastranda the species was among the 1985). The present male was taken in a light most abundant species in the light trap cat trap situated close to a small, shallow pond. ches in 1988. Hydroptila occulta (Eaton, 1873) has pre Beraeodes minutus (Linnaeus, 1761) was viously only been taken in a few localities in recorded for the first time in Norway from outer Hordaland (Andersen 1976, Marshall Seterst0a in S0r-Odal in southern Hedmark 1977, Andersen & Tysse 1985). The species (Morton 1901). Later the species has been inhabits fast flowing streams and rivers recorded from a few localities in outer Hor (Marshall 1978). The present specimens daland (Andersen 1980). In Denmark the were taken in a light trap situated close to a species inhabits small streams particularly in small, rapid stream. wooded areas, where the larvae prefers sandy Hydroptila pulchricornis Pictet, 1834 was bottom with some decaying plant material recorded for the first time in Norway from (Wiberg-Larsen 1979). One of the present Femsj0en near Halden in 0stfold (Solem specimens was found resting close to a small 1970). Later the species has been recorded slow flowing river, the others were taken in a from Vestfold (Andersen 1975). According light trap close to the outlet of a small stream to Marshall (1978) the species inhabits lakes, into a small, shallow pond. ponds, rivulets and brooks. All specimens Even though the present contribution ma from Telemark were netted in vegetation nifold the number of species known from ou along lake shores or taken in a light trap ter and inner Telemark, there are unquestio situated close to a small, shallow pond. nably a high number of species still to be Orthotrichia costalis (Curtis, 1834) was taken in both provinces. In the neighboring recorded as new to Norway from the lakes province, Vestfold, 108 species are taken Borrevann and Asrumvann in Vestfold (An (Brekke 1946, 0kland 1964, Solem 1972, dersen 1975). According to Marshall (1978) Andersen 1975, 1983a, Andersen & Hansen the species inhabits ponds and lakes and 1990 Andersen & S01i 1990). Telemark is slowly flowing water. The present specimens several times larger than Vestfold and has have either been netted among vegetation on much more varied freshwater localities, so lake shores or taken in a light trap situated the number of species inhabiting the region close to a small, shallow pond. ought to be comparatively higher. Wormaldia occipitalis (Pictet, 1834) was recorded for the first time in Norway from Hovland in Ullensvang in inner Hordaland (Andersen 1979, 1983c). Later the species has been taken in one more locality in inner Hordaland. In addition a few specimens were ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS collected by Fritz Jensen in 1942 and 1943 We are indebted to Torfinn Andersen and from two localities in outer Rogaland (see Sigmund Hansen for supplying us with mate Aagaard & Hagvar 1987). The species inha rial. We also want to thank Lita Greve Jensen bits small, shallow springs, where the larvae for allowing us to study the collection ofcad are found under stones, in moss or among dis flies in the Zoological Museum in Bergen. decaying leaves, most often under a thin layer Financial support has been given by Fylkes of water (Vaillant 1976). At the small rapid mannen i Telemark and by L. Meltzers H0Y stream Hitter0dbekken W. occipitalis was skolefond. 55 REFERENCES Lepneva, S. G. 1970. Larvae and pupae of Annuli Aagaard, K. & Hagvar, S. 1987. Sjeldne insektar palpia, in: Strelkov, A. A. (ed.) Fauna of the ter i Norge 1. D0gnfluer, steinfluer, 0yenstik U.S.S.R., Trichoptera, vol. 11, no. 1 (1964). kere, vannteger, varfluer, rettvinger, saksedyr, Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Je nettvinger, mudderfluer og skorpionfluer. (2)ko rusalem. forsk Utred. 1987: 6: 1-81. Lepneva, S. G. 1971. Larvae and pupae oflntegri Andersen, T. 1975. Caddis flies (Trichoptera) palpia, in: Strelkov, A. A. (ed.) Fauna of the from Vestfold, south-eastern Norway. Norw. J. U.S.S.R., Trichoptera, vol. 1L no. 2 (1966). ent. 22: 155-162. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Je Andersen, T. 1976. Lysfellefangst av Trichoptera rusalem. po Osteroy, ytre Hordaland. l Diversitet, fly Marshall, J. E. 1977. Hydroptila martini sp. 41. and geperioder og kjonnsfordeling pa tre lokalite Hydroptila valesiaca Schmid (Trichoptera: ter. Unpubl. thesis. Univ. Bergen, Bergen. Hydroptilidae) new to the British Isles. Entom Andersen, T. 1979. Trichoptera. Fauna Hardan ologist's Gaz. 28: 115-122. gervidda 13: 1-18. Marshall, J. E. 1978. Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae. Andersen, T. 1980. On the occurrence of Beraei Handbk 1dent. Br. 1nsects 1 (14a): 1-31. dae (Trichoptera) in western Norway. Fauna Morton, K. J. 1901. Trichoptera, Neuroptera norv. Ser. B 27: 22-24. Planipennia, Odonllta, and Rhopalocera col Andersen, T. 1983a. Additions to the list of caddis lected in Norway in the summer 1900. Entom flies (Trichoptera) from Vestfold, south-east ologist's mono Mag. 37: 24-33. ern Norway. Fauna norv. Ser. B 30: 53-54. NOU. 1980. Naturverni Norge. Norges offentlige Andersen, T. 1983b. Caddis flies (Trichoptera) on utredninger 1980,23: 1-147. sugar baits. Fauna norv. Ser. B 30: 54-55. 0kland, J. 1964. The eutrophic lake Borrevann Andersen, T. 1983c. West Norwegian Wormaldia, (Norway) - an ecological study on shore and with the description of Wormaldia occipitalis bottom fauna with special reference to gastro trifida ssp. on. (Trich., Philopotamidae). Aquat. pods, including a hydrographic'survey. Folia 1nsects 5: 201-207. limnol. scand. 13: 1-337. Andersen, T. & Hansen, L. O. 1990. Caddis flies 0kland, K. A. 1981. Inndeling av Norge til bruk (Trichoptera) from five small islands in the ved biogeografiske oppgaver - et revidert middle Oslofjord, SE Norway. Fauna norv. Strand-system. Fauna, Oslo 34: 167-178. Ser. B xx: 000-000. Solem, J. O. 1970. Trichoptera new to Norway. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 17: 93-95. Andersen, T. & S0li, G. E. E. 1989. Varfluer (Tri Solem, J. O. 1972. The larva of Agraylea cogna choptera) fra omrAdet Dammane-Gravastranda, tel/a McLachlan (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae). i Porsgrunn kommune. Med en oversikt over Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 19: 77-79. varfluefaunaen i Nedre Telemark. Fylkesman Tobias, W. & Tobias, D. 1981. Trichoptera Ger nen i Telemark, Mi/jo verna vd., Rapp. 1/89: manica. Cour. Forschunginst. Senckenberg49: 1-82. 1-672. Andersen, T. & S01i, G. E. E. 1990. Further addi Vaillant, F. 1976. Some Philopotamidae from tions to the caddis fly fauna (Trichoptera) in France, pp. 25-31 in: H. Malicky (ed.) Proc. Vestfold, SE Norway. Fauna norv. Ser. B xx: of the first 1nt. Symp. on Trichoptera, 1974. 000-000. Junk, The Hague. Andersen, T. & Tysse, A. 1985. The adult Tri Wiberg-Larsen, P. 1979. Revised key to larvae of choptera community in two western Norwe Beraeidae in NW Europe (Trichoptera). Ent. gian rivers. Notul. ent. 65: 81-91. scand. 10: 112-118. Brekke, R. 1946. Norwegian caddisflies (Trichop Wiberg-Larsen, P. 1985. Revision of the Danish tera). Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 7: 155-163. Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera). Ent. Meddr 53: Forsslund, K.-H. 1932. Zur Kenntnis der Trichop 39-45. teren des nordlichen Norwegens. Tromso Mus. World Commission on Environment and Deve Arsh. 52 (2), (1929), Naturhist. avd. no. 4: lopment. 1987. Our Common Future. Palais 1-19. Wilson, Geneve. Hickin, N_E. 1967. Caddis larvae. Larvae of the British Trichoptera. Hutchinson, London. Received 23 June 1989
56 Caddis flies (Trichoptera) from five small islands in the middle Oslofjord, SE Norway
TROND ANDERSEN AND LARS OVE HANSEN
Andersen, T. & Hansen, L. O. 1990. Caddis flies (Trichoptera) from five small islands in the middle Oslofjord, SE Norway. Fauna norv. Ser. B, 37: 57-61.
Light trapping on five small islands in the middle Oslofjord in 1987, gave a total of 43 Trichoptera species. No less than 32 species belong to the family Limnephilidae; ofthe genus Limnephilus alone, 23 species were caught. As many caddis flies are strong flyers, it is supposed that the imagines of several species have dispersed from the main land. Three ofthe islands, Tofteholmen, Ramvikholmen and M01en, are situated in eastern Buskerud, while Lang0ya and Killingholmen are situated in Vestfold. Eight of the species taken are previously not recorded from eastern Buskerud, while two species are «new» to Vestfold. Records of Hydropsyche contubernalis McLachlan, 1865, Ironoquia dubia (Step hens, 1837), Grammotaulius nitidus (Muller, 1764), Limnephilus fuscinervis (Zetter stedt, 1840)and Oecetisfurva (Rambur, 1842) are given; these are all species which are considered as rare in Norway.
Trond Andersen, Zoological Museum, University of Bergen, Museplass 3, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Lars Ove Hansen, Departement of Biology, Division of Zoology, University of Oslo, P.o. Box 1050 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo 3, Norway.
INTRODUCTION Tofteholmen is some 0.11 km 2 • The dis Islands and shore areas in the Oslofjord re tance to the main land is approximately 2 km, gion in SE Norway are exposed to conside while the distance to the nearest island, Ram rable pressure from human activities (see e.g. vikholmen is about I km. The rocks are NOU 1986). Large areas are used for shore Cambro-Silurian sediments, which in Per residences, campgrounds and bathing bea mian were covered by eruptives (Resvoll ches. As a result the natural vegetation is Holmsen 1929). The eruptives are many pla worn down,and unique habitats are impove ces worn down so the Cambro-Silurian li rished or destroyed. mestone is exposed. The island has a very rich During the last years a few studies on rare vegetation with dry meadows rich in herbs and vulnerable insects in this region have and shrubs along the coast. The interior of the appeared, all demonstrating a very species island is covered with old spruce forest (Pieea rich fauna with a comparatively high number abies) and deciduous trees, mainly lime (Ti of rare species (Andersen & Fjeldsa 1984, lia eordata). There are several small ponds Midtgaard & Aarvik 1984, Andersen & S0li along the coast, while ponds in the interior 1989a). The present paper is based on a study parts of the island have a more temporary appearance. of insects and spiders on six small island in 2 the middle part of the Oslofjord in 1987, Ramvikholmen is some 0.10 km , and the granted by Directorate for Nature Manage distance to the main land is approximately ment (Hansen 1989). During this study cad 1.25 km. The geological origin and the vege dis flies were collected on five of the islands. tation are rather similar to Tofteholmen. Also on this island there are several small ponds along the coast. In the interior of the STUDY AREA island there are both small temporary ponds Three of the islands, Tofteholmen, Ramvik and ponds which are more permanent. The holmen and M0len, are situated in Buskerud, latter are often found in crevices in the rock while Lang0ya and Killingholmen are situa and they are up to 2 x 3 m in extension and ted in Vestfold, fig. 1. half a meter deep.
Fauna norv. Ser. B 37: 57-61. Oslo 1990. 57 I C> ~ / Tofteholmen ,i {] M0len / '. ", J, '. .... ,. '...... ,j ( I 1 \ I ! I ! Fig. 1. The middle part of the Oslofjord area, SE teholmen, Ramvikholmen, M0len, Lang0ya and Norway, showing the position of the islands Tof Killingholmen.
2 2 M01en is some 0.25 km , and the distance Killingholmen is some 0.20 km , and the to the main land is approximately 3.5 km. distance to the main land is less than 1 km. The rocks are of Pre-Cambrian origin (Gle Also on this island the rocks are Silurian ditsch 1948), but along the coast there are limestone. There are some dry meadows sand banks mixed with crushed sea shells, along the coast and basiphilous pine forest in which give rise to an interesting flora (Hagen the interior parts of the island. A few ponds, 1950). The interior of the island is covered particularly in crevices, are found on the with old and dense lime forest.' There are island. several small ponds along the coast. In the interior of the island there are a few more permanent ponds, particularly in crevices. METHODS Lang0ya is about 1 km2 and the distance to Most of the material was collected in light the main land is approximately 2 km. The traps fitted with mercury vapour bulbs. On rocks are Silurian limestone rich in fossils Lang0ya a light trap fitted with a 700 W bulb (Milj0verndepartementet 1985). Since 1898 (HQL) was operated for approximately 150 the limestone has been mined for the produc nights from early June to mid November tion of cement, and to day two deep quarries 1987. On the other islands light traps were covers approximately 60% of the surface of operated for shorter periods: M0len and Kil the island. In the northern part of the island lingholmen for five nights throughout the there are deciduous forest, mainly birch (Be flight period of Trichoptera; Ramvikholmen tula pubescens) and lime, but also mixed fo for only one night. rest and basiphilous pine (Pinus sylJlestris) On Killingholmen and Tofteholmen a few forest with a rich flora of orchids. There are Trichoptera specimens were also collected also dry meadows and shrubs on the island. with nets. The large quarries are filled with water, and there are also a number of smaller and larger ponds both along the coast and in the interior RESULTS of the island, many of which have a perma A total of 314 specimens belonging to 43 nent character. species were taken on the fi ve islands, table 1.
58 Table l. Caddis flies (Trichoptera), as males/females, collected on the islands Tofteholmen (To), Ramvikholmen (Ra), M01en (M0), Lang0ya (La) and Killingholmen (Ki) in the middle Oslofjord, SE Norway in 1987.
SPECIES To Ra M0 La Ki
Rhyacophila nublia (Zetterstedt, 1840) 2/1 Holocentropus dubius (Rambur, 1842) -/1 Plectrocnemia conspersa (Curtis, 1834) 7/3 1/ Hydropsyche contubernalis McLachlan, 1865 2/2 Phryganea bipunctata Retzius, 1783 1/ P. grandis Linnaeus, 1758 2/ 4/1 Trichostegia minor (Curtis, 1834) 1/1 Ironoquia dubia (Stephens. 1837) 1/ Glyphotaelius pellucidus (Retzius, 1783) 1/ 18/6 Grammotaulius nitidus (MOller, 1764) 1/ Limnephilus affinis Curtis, 1834 1/ 16/13 7/1 L. auricula Curtis, 1834 1/ L. binotatus Curtis, 1834 1/ L. borealis (Zetterstedt, 1840) 39/2 L. centralis Curtis, 1834 1/ -/1 18/2 L. coenosus Curtis, 1834 1/ L. decipiens (Kolenati, 1848) 6/ L. elegans Curtis. 1834 1/1 1/ L. extricatus McLachlan, 1865 1/ L. f1avicornis (Fabricius, 1787) 1/ 4/ L. fuscinervis (Zetterstedt, 1840) 1/ -/3 L. ignavus McLachlan, 1865 3/ L. lunatus Curtis, 1834 3/ L. luridus Curtis, 1834 2/ 3/ L. marmoratus Curtis, 1834 2/ L. picturatus ~cLachlan, 1875 1/ L. politus Mclachlan, 1865 1/ L. rhombicus (Linnaeus, 1758) 4/ L.sericeus(Say, 1824) 16/4 L. sparsus Curtis, 1834 1/ 2/3 18/4 1/ L. stigma Curtis, 1834 1/ 7/1 L. subcentralis Brauer, 1857 5/ 1/ L. vittatus (Fabricius, 1798) -/1 4/ Nemotaulius punctatolineatus (Retzius, 1783) 1/ Phacopteryx brevipennis (Curtis, 1834) 1/1 Halesus radiatus (Curtis, 1834) 1/ H. tesselatus (Rambur. 1842) 14/ 1/ Microptema sequax McLachlan, 1875 1/ 3/2 Potatnophylax cingulatus (Stephens, 1837) 5/5 P. nigricornis (Pictet, 1834) 2/3 Athripsodes albifrons (Linnaeus, 1758) -/2 Mystacides azurea (Linnaeus, 1761) -/2 Oecetis furva (Rambur, 1842) 2/1
59 Ofthese, 278 specimens belonging to 41 spe Of the species recorded here, Phryganea cies were collected on Lang0ya. On this grandis Linnaeus, 1758, Trichostegia minor island a light trap was collecting insects con (Curtis, 1834), Glyphotaelius pellucidus tinuously from early June to mid September. (Retzius, 1783), Limnephilus affinis Curtis, On M01en light traps were operated for 5 1834, L. luridus Curtis, 1834, L. sparsus Cur nights throughout the flight period. On this tis, 1834, Micropterna sequax McLachlan, island 19 specimens belonging to 11 species 1875 and Athripsodes albifrons (Linnaeus, were trapped. On Killingholmen light traps 1758) have previously not been recorded were also operated for 5 nights throughout from eastern Buskerud, while Phryganea bi the flight period resulting in 10 specimens punctata Retzius, 1783 and Grammo.taulius belonging to 4 species. In addition single ma nitidus (Miiller, 1764) are «new» to Vestfold. les of Plectrocnemia conspersa (Curtis, Five of the species taken are considered as 1834), Limnephilus affinis Curtis, 1834 and rare in Norway (Aagaard & Hagvar 1978). L. elegans Curtis, 1834 were taken with nets, Hydropsyche contubernalis McLachlan, 1865 raising the number of species taken on Kil is in Norway previously only recorded from lingholmen to 6. On Ramvikholmen light the river Lagen at Hukstf0m bru in Lardal in traps were operated for one nigh only, resul Vestfold (Andersen t975). In Denmark the ting in 3 species, each in one specimen. On species inhabits larger, slow flowing rivers Tofteholmen one male of Limnephilus cen (Wiberg-Larsen 1980), and in England it is a tralis Curtis, 1834 was netted. typical inhabitant of the lower, slow flowing parts ofthe larger river systems (e.g. Hildrew & Morgan 1974, Badcock 1976). On Lang DISCUSSION 0ya two males and two females were trapped. The number of species and specimens caught Based on the species habitat preferences in on the different islands varies considerably. Denmark and England it seems unlikely that However, these differences undoubtedly re these specimens have originated on Lang0ya. flect differences in trapping effort rather than Ironoquia dubia (Stephens, 1837) was re differences in number of species actually in corded as new to Norway from two localities habiting the different islands. Further, it is in Vestfold (Andersen 1975). The species has unlikely that all the species caught actually later been shown to be among the dominant have originated on the island. Several of the species in a stream in the Dammane-Grava species taken are known to inhabit more or stranda area in Porsgrunn in outer Telemark less rapid streams and rivers, habitat types (Andersen & S01i 1989b). According to N0st which lack completely on these island. The et al. (1986) the species only inhabits lakes in short distance to the main land,'with richer Norway. Elsewhere in Europe the species in fresh water localities, makes it probably that habits ditches, springs and slow flowing stre several of the species taken have flown from ams, but also ponds rich in detritus (Hickin the main land. Caddis flies are generally 1967, Lepneva 1971, Tobias & Tobias 1981). known to be strong flyers, able to spread far Only one male was trapped on Lang0ya. away from their larval habitats. Particularly From what is known about its habitat prefe limnephilids are strong flyers (e.g. Crichton rences elsewhere in Europe, it seems possible 1971, Svensson 1974). In the present study that 1. dubia has larval populations on Lang 32 of the totally 43 species taken are limne 0ya. philids; ofthe genus Limnephilus no less than Grammotaulius nitidus (Muller, 1764) was 23 species were caught. recorded as new to Norway from Grimevat Nevertheless, the result are interesting net in Lillesand in outer Aust-Agder (Ander from a faunistical point of view. Brekke sen & S01i 1987). The species inhabits fens (1946) recorded 33 Trichoptera species from and marshy areas, small overgrown water eastern Buskerud and only 1 species, L. cen bodies, swampy spring puddles and also the tralis, from Vestfold. No more records ofTri potamon zone of rivers (Mosely 1939, Lep choptera species seem to have been published neva 1971, Tobias & Tobias 1981). The spe from eastern Buskerud, while 0kland cies might thus well inhabit some ofthe small (1964), Solem (1972) and Andersen (1975, ponds on the islands. 1983) have added new species from Vestfold. Limnephilus fuscinervis (Zetterstedt, Totally, 102 Trichoptera species have until 1840) was recorded from eastern Buskerud now been recorded from Vestfold. by Brekke (1946), but no exact locality was
60 given. Later the species has been recorded Botosaneanu, L. & Malicky, H. 1978. Trichop from two localities in Vestfold (Andersen tera, pp 333-359 in: lIIies, J. (ed.) Limno 1975). The species inhabits lakes and ponds fauna Europaea, 2nd edition. G. Fischer Ver (Botosaneanu & Malicky 1978). This species lag, Stuttgart, New York; Swets & Zeitlinger, might therefore also have originated on Lisse. Brekke, R. 1946. Norwegian Caddisflies (Tri Lang0ya. choptera). Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 7, 155-163. Decetis furva (Rambur, 1842) was recor Crichton, M. 1. 1971. A study of caddis flies (Tri ded for the first time in Norway from two choptera) of the family Limnephilidae, based localities in Vestfold (Andersen 1975). Ac on the Rothamsted Insect Survey 1964-68. J. cording to N0st et al. (1986) the species inha Zool., Lond. 163, 533-563. bits lakes in Norway. This species might thus G1editsch, C. C. 1948. M01en en pre-kambrisk 0y i also have originated on Lang0ya. ytre Oslofjord (Hurum). Naturen 72, 10-24. Hagen, A. 1950. MBlens flora. Landsforbundet for naturfredninger i Norge. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Hansen, L. O. 1989. Insektinventeringer pa fre dede og verneverdige Byer i midtre Oslofjord. Thanks are due to Leif Aarvik, 0istein Berg Norsk Entomologisk Forening, avd. Dram and Bj0rn Fjellstad for assistance during the men, Drammen. field work. Further, we would like to thank Hickin, N. E. 1967. Caddis larvae. Larvae of the Sigurd Hansen, Stein Halvorsen, Rolf Her British Trichoptera. Hutchinson, London. mansen, Espen Bergsmark and the staff at Hildrew, A. G. & Morgan, J. C. 1974. The taxo nomy of the British Hydropsychidae (Trichop Killingholmen summer camp for help during tera). J. ent. (B) 43, 217-229. the field work. Thanks are also due to T. Lepneva, S. G. 1971. Larvae and pupae of Integri Solh0Y for commenting on the manuscript. palpia, in: Strelkov, A. A. (ed.) Fauna of the The study was granted by the Directorate for U.S.S.R., Trichoptera, vol. Il, no. 2 (1966). Nature Management, Trondheim. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, J e rusalem. Midtgaard, F. & Aarvik, L. 1984. Insektinvente REFERENCES ringer pa Ost0ya og Ha0ya 1983. Mi/jB vern dep. Rapp. T-576, 1-34. Aagaard, K. & Hagvar, S. 1987. Sjeldne insektar Milj0verndepartementet. 1985. Utkast tU verne ter i Norge 1. D0gnfluer, steinfluer, 0yenstik plan for fossilforekomster i Oslofeltet. Oslo. kere, vannteger, vlirfluer, rettvinger, saksedyr, Mosely, M. E. 1939. The British caddisflies (Tri nettvinger, mudderfluer og skorpionfluer. 0ko choptera). A collector's handbook. George forsk Utred. 1987: 6, 1-81. Routledge & sons, London. Andersen, T. 1075. Caddis flies (Trichoptera) NOU. 1986. Ytre Oslofjord. Norges offentlige ut from Vestfold, south-eastern Norway. Norw. J. redninger 1986: 2/, 1-103. Ent. 22, 155-162. N0st, T., Aagaard, K., Arnekleiv, J.Y., Jensen, J. Andersen, T. (983. Additions to the list of caddis W., Koksvik, J. I. & Solem, J. 0.1986. Vass flies (Trichoptera) from Vestfold, south-eas dragsreguleringer og ferskvannsinvertebrater. tern Norway. Fauna non Ser. B 30, 53-54. En oversikt over kunnskapsnivaet. 0koforsk Andersen, T. & Fjeldsa, A. 1984. Sommerfugler Utred. 1986: 1, 1-80. (Lepidoptera) i apent kystlandskap pa Sand0Y, 0kland, J. 1964. The eutrophic lake Borrevann Hvasser og sydenden av Tj0me. Mi/jBverndep. (Norway) - an ecological study on shore and Rapp. T-576, 35-96. bottom fauna with special reference to gastro Andersen, T. & S01i, G. E. E. 1987. Grammotau pods, including a hydrographic survey. Folia /ius nitidus (Muller, 1764) (Trich., Limnephi /imnol. scand. 13, 1-337. Iidae), a new caddis fly for Norway. Fauna Resvoll-Holmsen, H. 1929. Tofteholmen i Hu norv. Ser. B 34, 139. rum. Norsk Geogr. Tidsskr. Il (8). Oslo. Andersen, T. & S01i, G. E. E. 1989a. Sjeldne og Solern, J. O. 1972. The larva of A graylea cogna truede sommerfugler (Lepidoptera) i Vestfolds tella McLachlan (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae). kystomrader. 0koforsk Rapp. 1988: 17, 1 Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 19,77-79. 129. Svensson, B. W. 1974. Population movements of Andersen, T. & S01i, G. E. E. 1989b. Varfluer adult Trichoptera at a South Swedish stream. (Trichoptera) fra omradet Dammane-Grava Oikos 25, 157-175. stranda, i Porsgrunn kommune. Med en over Tobias, W. & Tobias, D. 1981. Trichoptera Ger sikt over varfluefaunaen i Nedre Telemark. manica. Cour. Forschungist. Senckenberg 49, Fylkesmannen i Telemark, Mi/jBvernavd. 1-672. Rapp. 1/89, 1-82. Wiberg-Larsen, P. 1980. Bestemmelsesn0gletil Badcock, R. M. 1976. The distribution of the Hy larver af de danske arter af familien Hydropsy dropsychidae in Great Britain, pp. 49-57 in: chidae (Trichoptera) med noter om artenes ud Malicky, H. (ed.) Proc. ofthefirstlnt. Symp. on bredelse og 0kologi. Ent. Meddr47, 125-140. Trichoptera, 1974. Junk, The Hague. Received 23 June 1989. Z9
) Tabanidae (Diptera) community in a very little exploited northern boreal forest at H0ylandet, N. Tr0ndelag, Norway
JOHN O. SOLEM, HANS KAURI AND PER STRAUMFORS
Solem, J. 0., Kauri. H. & Straumfors, P. 1990. Tabanidae (Diptera) in a very little man-exploited northern boreal forest at H0ylandet, N. Tf0ndelag, Norway. Fauna nory. Ser. B, 37: 63-66. Tabanidae from four Malaise traps run in a mixed northern boreal forest (spruce, birch and alder), located at H0ylandet, N. Tr0ndelag (64°39'N, l2°IO'E). showed Hybom itra auripila (Meigen) and Haematopota pluyialis (L.) to be abundant. In total 13 species were recorded, referring to gen. Hybomitra, Haematopota, Chrysops and Hepta toma. No Tabanus or Atylotus spp. were caught. The presence and absence of species are discussed in relation to zoogeography and presence/absence of host animals. The Hybomitra, Chrysops and Heptatoma spp. flew earlier than Haematopota pluyia lis. The flight period of Tabanidae was late June to early August, and they were most abundant in late July.
Solem, J. 0., Univ. Trondheim, the Museum, 7004 Trondheim. Kauri, H. Univ. Bergen, Zool. Mus. 5007 Bergen. Straumfors, P., Rana Museum, 8600 Mo.
1. INTRODUCTION present under consideration to be a reference Taxonomy of adults and distribution in area for research concerning acid precipita Scandinavia have been extensively studied tion. by several authors, i.e. Kauri (1951, 1954, Objectives of this study were to get know 1958,1964,1968), Karvonen (1969), Lyne ledge of the insect fauna, its phenology, borg (1960, 1961), Chvala, Lyneborg & abundance and habitat preferences. The pre Moucha (1972), Oldroyd (1939, 1970). sent paper gives data on Tabanidae, and it is Kauri (1978) listed 37 species that live in the first study of this kind on Tabanidae in aquatic haliitats, but states that the number Norway. certainly is higher. In Europe 176 species (Chvala et al. 1971) have been recorded. In Norway the tabanid fauna counts 33 species 2. STUDY AREA AND METHODS referring to six genera (Atylotus, Chrysops, Sampling was carried out in a forested area Haematopota, Hybomitra, Heptatoma and west to the lake Gr0nningen in H0ylandet Tabanus) (Kauri 1951, 1954, 1958, 1964, county, North Tr0ndelag province, Norway 1968, Davis et al. 1971, Chvala, Lyneburg & (64°39'N, l2°IO'E). Sampling sites were all Moucha 1972, Rognes 1980). located in a mainly spruce forest, but mixed Pilot studies showed that the area around with some birch and alder. The forest is very the lake Gr0nningen, H0ylandet, North little exploited by man, and this is signified Tr0ndelag, has very little of acid precipita by the many wind-fallen trees, both decidu tion, and west to the lake the forest is also ous and coniferous, which are present in all very little exploited by man. These two featu stages of decomposition (Fig. 1). There has res were the reason that a broad spectre of been no tree cutting in the area since 1958. biological and nOli-biological registrations The field layer in the surroundings of the were done to learn the biotic and abiotic sta traps was composed of ferns, mosses and tus of the area in more detail. With this back blueberry plants. The area is a mosaic of fo ground one of us (1.0.S) conducted sampling rest, mires and bogs. Many small pools, that of insects in the area in 1986. The area is at may be permanent or temporary are present.
Fauna non. Ser. B 37: 63-66. Oslo 1990. 63
Table 1. Relative abundance ofTabanidae at NTI, a southernly distribution. However, T. bro H0ylandet, Norway. mius L., T. maculicornis Zett. and A. fulvus (Meig.) have their northern distribution limit N % in Scandinavia at 65-66°N, and according
Hybomitra arpadi (Seilady) 2 0.3 to information on larval habitats given by Lutta 1970, Olsufjev 1977 and Lutta & By Hybomitra auripila (Meigen) 272 46.8 kova 1982) it should be possible for these Hybomitra bimaculata (Macquart) 2 0.3 species to live in the habitats near our Ma Hybomitra borealis (Fabr. ) 12 2.1 laise trap. Their rare occurrence seem restric Hybomitra kaurii Chvala & Lyneborg 3 0.5 ted to more optimal habitats than the study area. Also elsewhere in Scandinavia these Hybomitra lundbecki Lyneborg 8 1.4 genera seem to be lacking in forest habitats. Hybomitra lurida (Fall~n) 4 0.7 Neither Tabanus nor Atylotus were found in Hybomltra montana (Meigen) 22 3.8 a forest of Scot's pine, intermingled of birch in Renadalen, Rendalen region (61 0 43'N) Hybomitra tarandina (L. ) 3 0.5 (Davis et al. 1971), nor at localities in Mes Haematopota pluvialis (L. ) 250 43.0 saure, Sweden (Kauri 1974). Probably these Heptatoma pelluscens (Fabr. ) 0.2 species prefer open localities and avoid the Chrysops nigripes Zetterstedt 0.2 northern types of forest. The marshy forest habitats at SkiftesAa and Chrysops relictus Meigen 0.2 Tverraa probably are optimal for H. auripila and Haematopota pluvialis. The low abun dance of other species of Hybomitra and 4. DISCUSSION Chryspos may be dependent on the meagre The small number of species and their low ecological conditions of the habitat and of the abundance may be caused by zoogeographi absence @r scarcity of big mammals. There is cal and environmental factors as well as by no bovid members in the area sampled, and the absence of big mammals. the distance from areas settled by man is The absence of representatives of Tabanus about 7 km in straight line. Sheep are present and Atylotus is probably due to the northern at higher elevated areas than sampled. Of locality of the study area (64°39'N) near the bigger mammals deer and roe are absent, arctic circle, since most of these species have moose (Alces alces) is present, but scarce.
Table 2. Flight periods and numbers of Tabanidae collected at H0ylandet, N. Tr0ndelag.
June July Aug 25 1 9 16 23 30 6
Heptatoma pelluscens 0/1 Hybomitra lurida 0/3 1/0 Hybomitra tarandina 0/1 0/1 0/1 Hybomitra auripila 1/18 0/41 4/66 0/2 1/137 1/1 Hybomitra 1undbecki 0/2 0/2 0/3 0/1 Hybomitra montana 0/4 0/6 0/12 Hybomitra borealis 0/3 0/2 0/7 Hybomitra kaurii 0/1 0/1 1/0 Hybomitra bimaculata 0/1 0/1 Hybomitra arpadi 0/2 Chrysops relictus 0/1 Chrysops nigripes 0/1 Haematopota pluvialis 0/20 0/1 0/189 0/32 0/8
Antall arter 6 7 8 2 7 4 1 Antall individer 30 55 99 3 350 36 8
65 The surroundings of Skiftesaa and TverrAa LITERATURE are not favourable places for the moose; the Chva1a, M., Lyneborg, L. & Moucha, J. 1972. The area is too wet and too poor in food (personal horse Flies of Europe (Diptera, Tabanidae). observation, and information given by K. Copenhagen, 499 pp. Bn!lnnbo, J. Holten and B. E. Srether). This Chva1a, M. & Jezek, J. 1969. Immature stages of may also be the reason why cattle and sheep five European Hybomitra species of the bima are absent. culata- and montana-groups (Diptera, Tabani Of more than 565 tabanid specimens col dae). Folia Parasitol. 16: 329-247. lected, only eight males were caught. This Davis, D. M., Golini, V. I. & Raastad, J. E. 1971. Observations on some Scandinavian Tabani certainly reflect the difference in the beha dae (Diptera). Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 18: 113 viour of males and females. Males hover in 117. forest clearings, often at considerable heights Jezek, J. 1970. Larvae and pupae of four Euro in the tree canopy, and are thus out of the pean Chrysops species (Diptera, Tabanidae). range of the Malaise traps. The females, on Acta Ent. bohemoslov. 67: 375-383. the other hand, require blood after mating for Jezek, J. 1971. Larven und Puppen der Art Hepta egg development, and some also lay their toma pellucens und vier Europaischer Arten eggs on vertical objects close to the water. der Gattung Haematopota Meig (Diptera, Ta Hunting for a blood meal and searching for banidae). Acta Ent. bf)hemoslov. 60: 341 351. places for oviposition make females more ex Karvonen, J. 1969. On Finnish Tabanids (Dip posed to the traps than males. This is cer tera). Annales Ent. Fennici 35: 176-183. tainly the reason for the high abundance of Kauri, H. 1951. Bemerkungen iiber Schwedische females in the samples. Tabaniden. Opusc. Entomol. 16: 97-109. Of the 4 sites sampled the tabanid fauna at Kauri, H. 1954. Bemerkungen iibec schwedische H0ylandet had a preference for Tverraa 1and Tabaniden 11. 'ppusc. Entomol. 19: 239-244. Skiftesaa 1. Two species were abundant at Kauri, H. 1958. Uber swei fUr Europa und Nord Skiftesaa 1, Hybomitra auripila and Haema Amerika gemeinsame Tabaniden-Arten. topota pluvialis, but only H. pluvialis was Opusc. EntomoJ. 23: 95-104. Kauri, H. 1964. Uber die Nordskandinavischen abundant at Tvernia 1. If the tabanids are Tabaniden (Diptera). Opusc. Entomol. 29: better adapted to pools, ponds and slowly 99-108. flowing streams, than to fast flowing water, Kauri, H. 1968. Uber die norwegischen Tabani Tverraa 1 and SkiftesAa 1 have better ovipo den. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 15: 63-64. sition and larval habitats than Tverraa 2 and Kauri, H. 1974. Bromsar (Diptera, Tabanidae) i Skiftesaa 2. Therefore the preference for Messaureomradet. Norrbottens Natur, Arg. 30. TverrAa 1 and Skiftesaa 1 is natural, because Kauri, H. 1978. Tabanidae. Pp. 475-476 in 11 most oviposition flight will occur here. lies, J. (Ed.) Limnofauna Europaea. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, New York. Lutta, A. S. 1970. Slepni Karelii (Diptera, Taba nidae). Nauka, Leningrad. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Lutta, A. S. & Bykova, H. I. 1982. Slepni Evropei We are indebted to Karl Br0nnmo, H0ylan skogo Severa SSSR. Nauka, Leningrad. det, Jarle Holten, Trondheim, Terje N0st, Lyneborg, L. 1960. Tovinger 11. Danmarks Fauna Trondheim and Bernt Erik Srether, Trond 66. G. E. Gads Forlag. 233 pp. Lyneborg, L. 1961. On Tabanus tropicus und ot heim for information on bovids and cervids, her Linnean Species of Palaearctic Tabanidae and vegetation in the area. Financial support (Diptera). Ent. Medd. 31: 97-103. for sampling was given by Surface Water Olsufjev, N. G. 1977. Nasekomyje dvukrylyje Acidification Program (SWAP), Royal So (Tabanidae). Fauna SSSR 7. Nauka, Lenin ciety. Swedish and Norwegian Academies of grad. Sciences. Rognes, K. 1980. New records of horse flies from Norway (Diptera, Tabanidae). Fauna norv. Ser. B, 27: 34-38. Received 15 Sept.1989.
66 Diversity ofEphemeroptera and Plecoptera in Norway relative to size and qualities of catchment area
JOHN w. JENSEN
Jensen, J. W. 1990. Diversity of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera relative to size and qualities of catchment area. Fauna norv. Ser. B. 37,67-82. Based on data from 58 catchment areas, equations expressing the species number of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera in relation to size of catchment area were calculated for six main regions and for Norway in general. For Plecoptera these relationships were uniform, except for a somewhat lower diversity in S0rlandet, the southernmost part of Norway. Ephemeroptera showed more variation from area to area and between re gions, and the diversity was low along the west coast of Norway and especially in S0rlandet. Significant (p<0.05) equations relating the number ofephemeropteran species to the fraction of the catchment area representing woodland, mean specific conductivity, maximum temperature, and maximum pH were found. For Plecoptera a significant relationship only existed in relation to pH. The general number of species to area equations were combined with the equations expressing the relationships between species number and the environmental parame ters. The expected numbers of species expressed by these models corresponded better with the recorded numbers than those calculated from size of area alone. Deviation between expected and recorded numbers was especially related to decreasing pH. In catchment areas of250-700 km 2 in S0rlandet the number ofplecopteran species seem to have been reduced by 40-25% and that of Ephemeroptera by 75%. J. W. Jensen, Museum of Natural History and Archaeology, University ofTrondheim, Erling Skakkes gt. 47, N-7004 Trondheim, Norway.
INTRODUCTION ment area of the water systems was perfor The number of species of a taxon (N) in an med. area may be related to the size of the area (A) The species numbers relative to the size of by an equation of the form the catchment areas were transformed to N=CAz (1) numbers related to areas of unit size. Thus, where C and z are parameters of changing areas of various size may be compared, and values. Such relationships have especially relationships to environmental characteris been formulated for various island floras and tics could be evaluated. These relationships faunas, but also for non-isolated or continen were combined with the number ofspecies to tal ones (MacArthur & Wilson 1967). Be area equations into more precise models for vanger (1986) presents equations for Norwe the prediction of species numbers. Special gian birds, and like Butcher et ai. (1981) he attention is given to the effect of acidifica discusses their use for the design and mana tion. gement of nature reserves. Since 1975 about 60 water systems have been'surveyed in Norway, mainly in connec METHODS AND MATERIAL tion with conservation plans or hydroelectric In this paper diversity is taken as the number development. The standardizing of methods of Ephemeroptera or Plecoptera found in a and sampling frequencies make these data catchment area of a certain size. The catch comparable. Based on this litterature an ana ment area may be a complete river system, lyses relating the species number of Epheme one or more sections of a river system, or an roptera and Plecoptera to size of the catch- area covering sections of neighbouring river
Fauna nory, Ser. B 37: 67-82. Oslo 1990. 67 120 ____oJZ:
100 ~~o------
(f) ~~o]]l w III j:::: 80 :J 4( •n ~~ .----.------ 0 g 60 u.. ~~------0 // 0 ~"/"/~ z 40 .~:-;;~ / ----.------JII 20 ./
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 CATCHMENT AREA km2 Fig. I. The number of sampling localities in six regions of Norway in relation to size ofcatchment areas. systems. The material incorporates data from catchment area in km2 (A) according to equa 58 such areas and represents 1180 localities tion (1). Such equations were calculated for from the littoral zone of 415 lakes and ponds the main regions of Norway (Fig. 2) by a and 1201 stream localities. All areas have curve fitting programme. Based on selected been surveyed to record the composition of catchment areas, general equations for the their freshwater macroinvertebrates. The Norwegian fauna of Ephemeroptera and Ple material has mainly been collected by the coptera were calculated. Using the z values of kick method (Frost et al. 1971). In all six the general equations, the number of species regions (Fig. 2) the relationship between the in catchment areas of unit size (Nu) were number of localities (L) sampled, by this me calulated: thod and the size ofthe catchment area in km2 Ig Nu = IgN - zlgA (3) (A) was of the form: The diversity of catchment areas of different L = BAX (2) size can be compared by the Nu values. These equations were significant (p<0.05) The relationships between the Nu values for all regions, except region 11, and the rela and the environmental parameters were tes tionships are shown in Fig. 1. The sampling ted by several curve fitting programmes, and programme is comparable for all regions, ex the equations of best fit were chosen. cept region VI. The best relationships between Nu and the As a qualitative describtion of the areas, number of sampling localities (L) for the 36 the following parameters were chosen: the areas south of 68°N not supposed to be affec percentage of the area reprented by wood ted by acid precipitation, i.e. the regions I, land (W) measured by planimeter on maps of IV, V, and rivers no. 20-23 in region Ill, scale 1:250000 (series 1501), mean range of were: specific conductivity at 18°C (K), maximum Ephemeroptera: Nu =2.72L-o·1I r =0.20 (4) pH, and maximum water temperature in °C Plecoptera: Nu =4.06Lo.04 r =0.16 (5) (T). All data concerning water quality were For region VI they were: taken from stream localities, as most of the Ephemeroptera: Nu =1.5 + 0.004L r =0.08 (6) recorded species of both orders live in such Plecoptera: Nu = 4.5 + 0.007L r = 0.10 (7) habitats. References for data on water quality As these relationships are far from signifi and species numbers are presented in Table 1. cant, even in region VI where the frequency The number of species (N) of each taxon of localities was lowest, the sampling pro was expected to increase with the size of the gramme seems not to have influenced the results. 68 Fig. 2. The six regions of Norway used in this study and elevation in metres after Environmental Sta tistics (1978)
N 1
CJ 0-500 m CJ 500-1000 m _ > 1QOOm
100 200 km
REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS Of the many zoogeographical factors, only 1000 m, mainly with conifers. The studied altitude (Fig. 2), acid precipitation (Fig. 3), catchment areas are only moderately affected and the parameters presented in Table 1 are by acid precipitation and some of them have considered. Acid precipitation is mainly a sufficient buffer capacity. All of them repre proolem in the southern parts of Norway, but sent sections of large river systems, and areas occasionally it is transported as far north as below 220 m are not included. 700 N (Wright & Dovland 1978). Region 11 (S0rlandet) is the most southerly Region I (0stlandet) represents the eastern district of Norway. Its geography changes slope of the mountain range and the lowlands from that of region I towards the qualities of towards the border with Sweden and the region Ill. The tree line falls to 500 m in the coast (Fig. 2). The region is forested below western parts. This region is most severely 69 Fig. 3. Mean pH of preci I I pitation over southern ( Norway based on data " \ from July 1972 to June I 1975 (After Dov1and et /_--1 al. 1976). I / ( / \ \ ( I \ 4.63 e i I [ 4.52 e ' e4.74"
4.29 affected by acid precipitation. The buffer ca rate acid precipitation penetrating northward pacity of its waters is low, and their pH is along the coast. Only two ofthe studied river generally below 5.5 (Wright et al. 1977). systems do not reach the sea. Fish populations are extinct in about half of Region IV (Tr0ndelag) covers the low the region, and affected in most of the remai lands of central Norway with only small ning areas (Muniz & Leivestad 1980). areas above 1000 m. The tree line is situated Region 111 (Vestlandet) is characterized by at 700-800 m. Normal K values are in the steep slopes and short rivers between the high range 20-40 ILScm- 1• The maximum pH of mountains and the fjords. Water temperatu all river systems was >6.7. Half of them res are generally low, as many rivers are fed reach the sea. by snow or glaciers all summer. As much as Region V (Nordland) has a complex topo 80-95% of som ecatchment areas is located graphy and geology. Some of the catchment in th sub-alpine and alpine zones. The water areas are similar to those of region Ill, but a is soft, in some cases approaching destilled maximum pH >6.7 was always recorded. water with K values of 3-4 ILScm- 1 being Others have a K>50 ILScm- 1, and two of recorded. The waters of the region have there them (no. 42 and 44) are forested to a degree fore no capacity for resisting the more mode comparable to those of region IV. 70 Table I. The actual catchment areas of the different regions, their size in km2 (A), the percentage representing woodland (W), mean range of specific conductivity as J.LScm- 1 at 18°C (K), maximum pH and temperature in °C (T). All water quality data represent lotic stations. The recorded number of species (N), this back-calculated to catchment areas of unit size (Nu), and the expected number ofspecies from equations 9 to 12 (Ne) is also given.
EPHEMEROPTERA PLECOPTERA
No Catchment area A 1/ K pH Nu Ne Nu Ne References for basic data
Region I 0stlandet 1 Kynna 341 100 35 6.9 19.1 15 2.3 15 14 4.8 14 Sandlund & Halvorsen 1980 2 Imsa - Trya 580 60 23 7.0 15.5 16 2.1 15 19 5.9 15 Hal vorsen 1985 3 Gimsa 535 25 64 7.7 14.7 12 1.6 16 17 5.3 25 Eie 1982a 4 Atna 1300 50 9 6.5 14.8 15 1.5 16 16 4.3 18 Eie 1982b 1-4 Glomna, sections 2756 55 60 7.7 19.1 31 2.4 31 22 5.1 20 The above 6 Joss, eyre LAgen 492 20 21 7.0 11.4 10 1.4 12 17 5.4 15 Blakar 1982, Hal vorsen 1982 7 Rivers in Hemsedal 356 30 10 6.6 11.8 10 1.5 10 16 5.4 14 Bjerke & Halvorsen 1982
Region I1 SIIIrlandet 8 SjAvatn'area 240 75 8 5.1 12.4 3 0.5 3 8 2.9 9 Spikkeland 1980a 9 Lifjell-area 725 80 12 5.0 17.3 3 0.3 4 12 3.6 14 Spikkeland 1980b 10 Lyngdalselva 683 90 22 5.2 24.2 5 0.6 4 12 3.6 11 Halvorsen 1981
Region III Vestlandet 11 Vikedalselva 118 32 21 5.6 12.0 4 0.9 3 14 5.8 9 Haaland, Fjellhe;m & Hoblok 1983a 12 Grenvinelvi 177 50 19 6.8 14.0 9 1.7 9 14 5.4 12 Haaland, Fjeltheim & Hobllk 1983b 13 FIAmsvassdraget 279 14 17 6.8 10.0 4 0.6 9 14 5.0 13 Haa land, Hoblok & Radd.... 1981 a 14 Utla 330 7 5 6.2 12.0 4 0.6 7 8 2.8 13 Haaland, Hoblok & Raddun 1981b 15 Feiga 49 5 8 6.1 10.0 2 0.6 3 8 3.9 9 NOU 1983 16 Mlllrkri 277 9 12 6.6 10.0 7 1.1 8 16 5.7 13 NOU 1983 17 JIIIlstra 712 40 18 6.2 17.0 8 1.0 10 16 4.8 15 NOU 1983 18 0rstaelva 158 53 23 6.7 12.0 6 1.0 9 14 5.5 12 Haaland, Hoblok & Raddun 1981c 19 Stordalselva 203 34 12 6.5 12.0 5 0.9 8 10 3.8 13 NOU 1983 20 Istra 66 12 13 6.2 12.6 5 1.3 4 12 4.6 10 NIIIst 1981a 21 Ra..... 1202 15 11 6.9 14.5 11 1.1 15 15 4.1 17 NIIIst 1983, 1984a 22 Drive 2482 20 46 7.3 14.7 14 1.1 23 20 4.7 20 NIIIst 1981b 23 Todalselva 251 16 10 6.6 15.0 7 1.2 9 16 5.8 13 NIIIst 1981c
Region IV Trlllndelag 24 Gaula 3651 60 66 7.4 15.5 25 1.8 31 21 4.6 21 Koksvik & NIIIst 1981 25 Garbergel va 159 60 23 7.0 13.7 18 3.5 10 10 3.9 12 NIIIst 1981d 26 Stjlllrdalselva 2130 70 24 7.3 15.9 29 2.4 25 21 5.1 20 Arnekleiv & Koksvik 1980
27 Ormset a area 87 60 19 6.8 19.7 18 4.3 8 14 6.2 11 Arnekleiv & Koksvik 1983 28 VerdaLselva 1464 65 28 7.0 14.2 26 2.5 20 17 4.4 18 Koksvik & Haug 1981 29 Skjekra 152 50 17 6.8 13.0 19 3.2 10 12 4.3 13 Koksvik & Haug 1981 30 Ogna 571 80 44 7.4 20.2 28 3.6 19 12 7.7 15 NIIIst & Koksvik 1981a 31 NesAa 274 35 19 6.9 19.0 14 2.3 12 17 6.0 13 NIIIst & Koksvi k 1980 32 HillY Iandsvassdraget 554 75 43 7.2 14.5 24 3.1 16 14 4.4 15 NIIIst 1982a 33 Sanddlllla • Luru 1592 50 28 7.1 16.2 25 2.3 21 18 4.6 18 NIIIst 1982b 34 SIIIrt i vassdraget 1174 60 15 7.0 16.8 22 2.2 19 17 4.6 17 NIIIst & Koksvi k 1981b
Region V Nordland 35 vefsna 4420 30 68 7.6 16.7 29 1.9 32 21 4.5 22 Koksvik 1976, 1979 36 Eiter6ga 272 30 36 7.0 12.9 11 1.8 10 12 4.3 13 Koksvik 1979 37 Lomsda Iselva 240 8 19 7.0 13.8 14 2.4 9 18 6.6 13 Arnekleiv 1981 38 lakselva, visten 160 30 15 6.8 13.5 9 1.8 8 17 6.7 12 NIIIst 1984b 39 BlIInn6a 48 14 14 6.8 14.9 4 1.2 5 6 2.9 10 NIIIst 1984b 40 Ranaelva, North 749 11 21 7.0 11.7 10 1.2 12 14 4.1 16 Koksvik 1977a
71 Table 1 cent ir EPHEMEROPTERA PLECOPTERA No Catchment area A 11 K pt1 T N Nu Ne N Nu Ne References for basic data 41 Storvasdga 51 11 32 7.0 9.2 5 1.4 5 8 3.9 10 Koksvik 1978a 42 Vel snesvBssdrsget 70 65 71 7.5 15.3 12 3.0 9 14 6.4 10 Huru 1982a 43 BeiBrelvB 869 35 44 7.3 11.5 11 1.2 16 17 4.9 17 Koksvi k 1978b 44 LakselvB, Misvar 159 50 65 7.4 15.1 16 3.1 11 14 5.5 12 Koksvik 1978c 45 Saltdalselva 1539 30 60 7.3 14.2 16 1.5 21 17 4.4 18 Koksvi k 1977b 46 Serf jordelva 111 12 14 7.0 9.2 4 0.9 6 8 3.4 11 Koksvik & Oalen 1977 47 Kobbelv 283 17 14 6.9 14.8 4 0.7 10 14 5.0 13 Koksvik & Oalen 1977 48 Hellemo'area 250 6 12 6.8 15.1 7 1.2 8 11 4.0 13 Koksvik & Oalen 1980 Region VI Troms . Firnnark 49 El vegArdseIva 120 25 50 7.5 16.9 9 1.9 10 9 4.6 11 Huru 1982b 50 SpansdaLselva 140 30 89 7.8 15.1 13 2.6 11 11 5.8 12 Kuru 1980a 51 IDvre Barduelv 470 50 29 7.3 16.6 15 2.1 15 16 5.8 15 Huru 1981a 52 Nordkjoselva 184 30 66 7.8 13.5 7 1.3 11 12 4.6 12 Huru 1982c 53 Rei SBvBssdraget 2516 15 62 7.6 19.4 19 1.5 26 22 5.2 20 Huru 1980b 54 Sntf j ordvassdraget 76 1 33 7.2 14.8 3 0.7 6 10 4.5 10 Huru 1981b 55 Lakselva, LakseLv 1509 45 67 7.5 16.9 23 2.2 23 18 4.7 18 Huru 1982d 56 JuleLva 338 15 31 7.1 11.2 6 0.9 10 15 5.1 14 Huru 1981c 57 Vesterelva 466 2 28 7.3 13.9 12 1.6 10 9 2.9 15 Huru 1981d 58 KOIIIBge Iva 337 5 36 7.4 11.1 7 1.1 9 11 3.8 14 Eie, Brittain & Huru 1982 Region VI (Troms-Finnmark). All of this deviating one ofregion 11. The fit ofthe equa region is situated north of latitude 68°N. tions is p<0.05 or better, except for Epheme Finnmark, the north-eastern section, is main roptera in region 11. However, for this region ly a plateau of300---,-400 m in altitude. Troms comparable data exist from only three areas. has a more varied topography. The.waters are Region 11 was extremely poor in epheme generally rich in electrolytes, and this region ropteran species (Fig. 4). The number in a is the only one where a maximum pH >7.0 catchment area of4000 km2 woultl be only 5, was recorded in all areas. In the eastern, more compared to 17 in region Ill, 21 in region V, continental parts of the region, the water and 28-30 in the others. The latter numbers temperature can be as high as in any of the indicate that in a catchment area of4000 km2 other regions. The last three river systems of in the regions I, IV, and VI one would expect Table 1 are located to the Varanger penin to find 2/3 ofthe 47 species, which according sula, the extreme north-eastern tip of Nor to N0st et al. (1986) are recorded in Norway. way. There are almost no forests and the wa Region IV is special, as high numbers of spe ter temperatures are low, similar to those of cies occur in small areas. the coldest rivers in region Ill. The corresponding calculations for Ple coptera give almost identical numbers for all regions, except region 11, with 21-23 spe RESULTS cies in a catchment area of 4000 km2 (Table The number of species recorded in the diffe 3). This represents 2/3 of the 35 species rent regions is presented in Table 1. All num which according to Lillehammer (1974) and ber of species to area equations based on N0st et al. (1986) are recorded in Norway. these records show an increasing number of Compared to this the number of species in species with increasing area (Table 2). For region 11 is 40-25% lower within the actual Ephemeroptera different equations were range of catchment area, 240-700 km2• found for the different regions. For Plecop Based on the data from the regions I, IV, V, tera they were rather uniform, except for the and catchment areas no. 20-23 in region Ill, 72 Table 2. Equations expressing the relationship between number ofspecies (N) and size ofcatchment area in km 2 (A) in the different regions. Region Equation r P EPHEMEROPTERA I 0stlandet N = 0.939 A0.420 0.82 <0.02 II S0rlandet N = 0.926 AO. 217 0.46 >0.05 III Vestlandet N = 0.742 AO. 372 0.79 <0.01 IV Tmndelag N = 8.847 A0.142 0.74 <0.01 V Nordland N = 1.593 A0.313 0.68 <0.01 VI Troms - Finmark N = 0.829 A0.423 0.76 <0.01 PLECOPTERA 0stlandet N = 6.972 A0.138 0.73 <0.05 II S0rlandet N = 1.019 AO. 376 1.00 <0.001 1II Vestlandet N = 5.171 AO. 167 0.60 <0.05 IV TC0ndelag N = 5.581 AO. 157 0.77 <0.01 V Nordland N = 4.192 AO. 201 0.73 <0.01 VI Troms - Finnmark N = 4.441 A0.190 0.72 <0.02 what include all areas south of latitude 68°N generally poor in Ephemeroptera, and the not supposed to be affacted by acidification, lowest Nu values approach the level of region the following general equations were calcula 11. ted: Based on the catchment areas selected for Ephemeroptera: the general equations, the relationships be N = 1.815Ao.323 r = 0.67 p 40 35 30 ----- _------I _____ ~.------. /'/...... --. .---.------...=------_------':m:m 25 /' --.--' ~.----- U) --_.------_. w 0 ~ .~ ~ ~.------~ 20 U) LL /.~o~ .~.------'__ 0 !/ .---.--.-----.--.----OJZ ~ 15 ;(~ .------. .------.------.------.Dr i ~~:/•..--- /-pl~ 10 /.v ---- .1' •.....--'--' /;/ /-,,- n 5 ~_.~.~-----~------.------.------.------.------·--7------·,.// ~/i· 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 CATCHMENT AREA km2 Fig. 4. The number of species of Ephemeroptera in relation to size of catchment area in the different regions, calculated from the equations ofTable 2. Solid sections represent range ofcatchment area from which data exist. Table 3. The number ofspecies ofPiecoptera in relation to size ofcatchment area in the different regions. Catchment area km2 Region 50 1CO 200 500 700 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 0stlandet 12.0 13.2 14.5 16.4 17.2 18.1 19.1 19.9 20.5 21.0 21.5 21.9 II Srllrlandet 4.4 5.8 7.5 10.6 12.0 13.7 15.9 17.8 19.2 20.7 21.9 23.1 III Vestlandet 10.3 11.4 12.6 14.5 15.3 16.1 17.1 17.9 18.5 19.0 19.5 19.9 IV Trendelag 10.3 11.5 12.8 14.8 15.5 16.5 17.6 18.4 19.0 19.6 20.0 20.5 V Nordland 9.2 10.6 12.2 14.6 15.8 16.8 18.3 19.4 20.3 21.0 21.7 22.3 VI Troms- Fhll'1nark 9.3 10.7 12.2 14.5 15.4 16.5 17.8 18.8 19.6 20.3 20.9 21.5 74 30 ______.E 25 ------. ------.------. • p U) w 20 ------:----.---. ~:------. 0w n- .~. U) 15 .~. ~ /././ 0 / / 0 .. Z 10 l ./ ,i/ ,/. I,, 5 , ,, 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 CATCHMENT AREA km 2 Fig. 5. The number of species of Ephemeroptera (E) and Plecoptera (P) in relation to size of catchment area calculated from the equations valid for Norway in general (8 and 9). Solid sections represent range of catchment from which data exist. Table 4. Equations expressing the relationships to 5.1 reduced Nu by 80%. A pH of 5.1 seems between nUlTlber of species back-calculated to to be close to the limit for Ephemeroptera, catchment areas of unit size (Nu) and the following while it affected Plecoptera by reducing their prarameters: mean range of specific conductivity species number by 35%. (K), the percentage of catchment area represen For Ephemeroptera the expected number ting woodland (W), maximum water temperature in QC (T), and maximum pH, when all water qua ofspecies (Ne) may be calculated more preci lity data represent lotic stations. The equation for sly by correcting the general equation for the pH is based on the results from all catchment areas influence of the environmental parameters. in the regions I-V, the others on all catchment Nu 4 as a function of K, W. T, and pH follows areas in the regions I, IV and V and areas no. from the data of Table 4. Solving for Nu and 20-23 in region Ill. combining with equation 8 gives: Ne = 0.06Ko.064W°.107TO.305pH1.025Ao.323 (10) Equation P This is an adequate for equation,pH >6.5. pH <6.5 becomes more limiting and the best ap EPHEMEROPTERA proach is: Ne = 5.740 10-4pH4.101Ao.323 (11) Nu = 0.795 KO.266 0.37 <0.05 The numbers of ephemeropteran species cal 429 Nu = 0.414 WO. 0.72 <0.001 culated in this way are presented in Table 1. Nu = 0.069 T1.221 0.51 <0.01 They fit better with the recorded numbers than the values calculated from size of Nu = 5.74 10-4 pH4.101 0.69 <0.001 catchment area alone, especially for the cases ofregions II and Ill. The model does not cope PLECOPTERA with the high records of small areas in region IV, as it limits Nu to a maximum of 2.60. Nu = 4.343 K 0.028 0.09 >0.05 Further it overestimates the species number Nu = 4.012 WO.049 0.19 >0.05 in river systems in region III where pH >6.5. For Plecoptera the general equation (9) is T~ 15 Nu = 2.164 TO.292 0.22 >0.05 as good as any other when pH >6.6. For pH T> 15 Nu = 6.543 T-O.094 0.06 >0.05 <6.6 the best approach is: pH < 6.6 Nu = 0.284 pHl.505 0.53 <0.05 Ne = 0.284 pH1.505Ao.184 (12) pH ~ 6.6 Nu = 8.923 pH-O.314 -0.07 <0.05 The expected species numbers of Plecoptera are generally in good agreement with the re corded ones. 75 5 ~.~.~ ~.~.:~. ~.~.~.~.~.~::. ~~ ~'::;"~~~';l;=':~~:~::~~ -::~.=-=-= -,=1-- /. . ,,/ 4 //' ./ ,// 3 --_. ...------ i ~.~::::::::::::=::::==-.- ,) 2 ---:.~ .-~. ----/.~,,/' .•... ""..- ..... / . / ~. ,,/ ,,/,,0"/ ./,/ _._e/e/ o 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 JlSCm-1 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100W .. o 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 T"c o 0.78 1.56 2.34 3.12 3.90 4.68 5.46 6.24 7.02 7.80 pH Fig. 6. The relationships between number ofspecies in catchment areas of unit size (Nu) and mean range ofspecific conductivity (Scm- 1 - solid lines), the percentage ofcatchment area covered with woodland (W - broken lines), maximum water temperature (T QC - dotted lines), and maximum pH (mixed lines) for Ephemeroptera above and Plecoptera below. Expected numbers of ephemeropteran spe According to the basic data 6 species of cies disregarding the effect of pH were calcu Ephemeroptera were found in region 11: Cae lated from: nis horaria (L.), Leptophlebia marginata Ne = O.283Ko.085WO.143T0.407Ao.323 (13) (L.), L. vespertina (L.), Siphlonurus laeustris Curves showing such numbers are presented Eaton, Baetis rhodani (Pictet), and Heptage in Fig. 7 for selected cases. For river systems niafuseogrisea (Retzius). Of these Leptophle of region V, limited by K <22 /-LScm- 1 and in bia and Siphlonurus occurred most regularly. that way comparable to those ofthe regions 11 Of 14 species of Plecoptera, the following 6 and Ill, the expected numbers fell just above were recorded in all three catchment areas: the recorded ones. The expected numbers of Amphinemura borealis Morton, A. stand region III are higher than ofregion V, but the fussi Ris, A. sulcieollis Stephens, Nemoura recorded ones lower, and relatively lowest in cinerea (Retzius), Nemurella pieteti Klapa river systems of pH <6.5. The deviation be lek, and Leuetra fusea L. 6 species were tween expected and recorded numbers in found in two areas: Diura nanseni (Kempny), creased with declining pH. The expected Isoperla grammatiea (Poda), Braehyptera numbers in region 11 are even higher than in risi (Morton), Taeniopteryx nebulosa (L.), region I, but the slope of the curve is uncer Leuetra nigra (Olivier), and L. hippopus tain as it is based on only three cases. How Kempny. Siphonoperla burmeisteri (Pictet) ever, with reference to the environmental and Protonemura meyeri Pictet occurred in characteristics with the exception of pH, the one area each. The frequency of the species deversity of the original ephemeropteran probably reflects their tolerance to acid wa fauna of region 11 could have been close to ter. that of region I. 76 20 15 Cl) wo ~ 10 Cl) u.. o o z 5 O...L----..,------,-----,------r----,------,------, 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 2 CATCHMENT AREA km Fig. 7. Number of species of Ephemeroptera (N) based on records and expected numbers (Ne) from equation 13 disregarding pH, in relation to size ofcatchment area generally (G) and in region 11, and for cases in regions 111 an V selected with references to maximum pH or mean specific conductivity (K). Solid sections represent range of catchment area from which data exist. DISCUSSION habitat diversity is responible for the increase in species numbers (Gorman 1979). Evi This analysis gives examples ofhow the gene dently the species number of an euryoecious ral number'of species to area equation (2), taxon like the Norwegian Plecoptera depends developed for terrestrial and especially island mainly on the size of the area, while the habi faunas, is also valid for freshwater faunas. tat diversity is of more importance for more According to MacArthur & Wilson (1967), stenoecious animals like the Norwegian Ep the z value for Ephemeroptera (equation 8) is hemeroptera. typical for island fauna and that for Plecop The high numbers of species in the most tera (equation 9) similar to values obtained northern part of Norway, north of latitude for non-isolated fauna. The difference be 68°N, may be surprising. However, the water tween the two values is related to the follo quality is better than in the other regions. wing facts. The plecopterans are relatively Waters along the extreme northern coast may insensitive to environmental qualities. Their be cold. In the more continental districts the species numbers are therefore mainly con temperature is no more limiting than in other nected to the size of the area and are relati parts of Norway, although the summer is vely' high in small areas. The ephemeropte short. The recorded species numbers of both rans respond more to ecological variation. Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera are in good Their species numbers in small areas are agreement with the equations established for normally lower, but with increasing area and southern Norway. This probably holds for habitat variation they reach higher numbers the freshwater fauna of the region in general. than the plecopterans. It is discussed whether In the Alta river system Jensen (1985) found increase in size of area alone or increased for example 34 ofthe 76 species ofCIadoeera 77 - -whIch according to N0st et al. (1986) have perature and decreasing amounts of organic been recorded in Norway. allochtonous material. Similar differences The numbers ofephemeropteran species in with regard to elevation have been found in Vestlandet (region Ill), also in the northern British streams (Hynes 1961, MinshallI968). districts not affected by acid precipitation, As to the differences between Ephemerop are lower than expected. The mountain range tera and Plecoptera in relation to tempera along its eastern border is probably also a ture, similar results were obtained by Sprules zoogeographical barrier. (1947). Over the temperature interval 13 . The results concerning Plecoptera are in 20°C in a Canadian stream, he found a small good agreement with Lillehammer (1974). decline in the number ofplecopteran species, He found the species numbers to increase while that of Ephemeroptera increased from from 18-20 at the coast to 27 in the eastern 10 to 28. In streams in the Tatra Mountains and more continental parts of Norway, and the ratio of Plecoptera to Ephemeroptera no south-north gradient. Thus, by the me decreased, both in number of species and in thods behind the basic data of this analysis, dividuals, as the annual range oftemperature one should expect to find all present species increased (Kamler 1965). anywhere along the coast within an area of Acid precipitation and acidification of 4000 km2• The Vosso river system with an fresh waters has a major impact in southern area of 1483 km2 in region Ill, in which 21 most Norway. Since the 1920's it has caused species have been recorded (NOD 1983), is the loss ofan increasing number ofinland fish an example. In catchment areas no. 1-4 in stocks (Overrein, Seip & Tollan 1980). Re region I, 22 species were recorded, while Lil viewing Norwegian studies on Ephemerop lehammer found 27 in the same main valley. tera and Plecoptera Leivestad,: et al. (1976) He also recorded 27 species in the eastern found the mean number ofspecies to be about part of region VI, compared to the 22 species 3-4 times higher at pH 6.5-7.0 than 4.0 in catchment area no. 53. The aim of the 4.5. For Ephemeroptera this is quite in ac surveys behind this analysis was freshwater cordance with the differences between expec invertebrates in general. They were perfor ted and recorded numbers in a catchment med by field workers of varying qualifica area of 200 km2 in region 11. That this ratio tions mainly visiting the localities twice, increased to 6 for an area of4000 km2, means while the studies of Lillehammer represent that the ephemeropteran fauna of the region those of an experienced specialist. Conside is limited to a few species tolerant of acid ring this, the results obtained are satisfactory. water. According to Wiederholm (1984) and Lillehammer (1985) subdivided region III 0kland & 0kland (1986) Ephemeroptera are into a coastal area and lowlands of the inner among the most sensitive to acidification. fjords, recording only 9 species ofPlecoptera Engblom & Lingdell (1984) showed the from the coastal area. In the Yndesdal river number of species in Swedish streams where system of 120 km2 located close to the west pH often falls below 5.0 to be only 1/4 to 1/3 coast, Haaland & Raddum (1981) found 12 of that found in more northern and unaffec species, which is equivalent to Nu = 5.0 and ted streams. According to them, all species above the number expressed by the general found in region 11, except Caenis horaris, are equation (9). Lillehammer may have sam among the 7 most acid resistant Scandinavia pled an area ofinadequate size. According to ephemeropterans, tolerating pH as low as this analysis, the only districts of Norway 3.5-4.5. C. horaria was recorded at a mini holding especially low numbers of plecopte mum of 5.1 in region 11, while Engblom & ran species are region 11 and the typical coas Lingdell present an experimental limit of 5.4 tal areas of region VI. and an empirical of 5.6. The independance ofPlecoptera in relation This analysis definitely demonstrates that to environmental variation explain their re plecopterans stand acid water better than the gionally uniform diversity. This is only valid ephemeropterans. In experiments Raddum & when complete or large sections of river sys Steigen (1981) found three ofthe species pre tems are considered. Lillehammer (1974) sent in region 11, Taeniopteryx nebulosa, Ne found a sharp decline in species numbers moura cinerea, and Nemurella picteti, to be from the sub-alpine to the middle-alpine unaffected by pH 4.6-4.7. In 26 watersheds zone, both in southern and northern Norway, in western Norway, Raddum & Fjellheim which was mainly correlated to falling tem (1984) found Plecoptera to tolerate acid 78 water better than Ephemeroptera. Of Ephe REFERENCES meroptera only Leptophlebia and Siphlonu Arnekleiv, J. V. 1981. Ferskvannsbiologiske og rus occurred at pH <5.0 compared to 12 hydrografiske unders0kelser i Lomsdalsvass species ofPlecoptera. Cornparing two streams draget 1980-81. K. norske Vidensk. Selsk. 50 km apart in southernmost Sweden, Otto & Mus. Rapport Zool. Ser. 1981-20, 1-69. Svensson (1983) recorded 11 species of Ep Arnekleiv, J. V. & Koksvik, J. I. 1980. Fersk hemeroptera and 12 of Plecoptera in the one vannsbiologiske og hydrografiske unders0k with pH range 5.9-7.3 and none epheme elser i Stj0rdalsvassdraget 1979. K. norske Vi densk. Selsk. Mus. Rapport Zool. Ser. 1980-6, ropteran and 9 of Plecoptera in the other with 1-82. pH range 4.2-5.9. Arnekleiv, J. V. & Koksvik, J. I. 1983. Fiskeribio The conclusion that the number of species logiske forhold, evertebratfauna og hydrografi of Ephemeroptera has been reduced by 75% i Ormsetomradet, Verran kommune, 1982 and that of Plecoptera by 40-25% in catch 83. K. norske Vidensk. Selsk. Mus. Rapport ment areas of250-700 km 2 in S0rlandet, the ZooI. Ser. 1983-7, 1-76. southernmost part of Norway, is quite in Bevanger, K. 1986. Number of bird species used agreement with what is known about the ef for selection of protected areas. Fauna norv. fects of acidification. So are the assumptions Ser. C, Cinclus 10, 45-52. on the impact on the ephemeropteran fauna Bjerke, G. & Halvorsen, G. 1982. Hydrografi og evertebrater i innsj0er og elver i Hemsedal of Vestlandet. 1979. Kontaktutv. vassdragsreg. Univ. Oslo This work present guidelines for the impor Rapp. 49, 1-50. tance of size when selecting river systems for Blakar, I. A. 1982. Kjemisk-fysiske forhold i Jora conservation purposes. In Norway areas vassdraget (Dovrefjell) med hovedvekt pa io <200 km2 will in general hold only small nerelasjoner. Kontaktutv. vassdragsreg. Univ. numbers ofephemeropteran species. Increas Oslo Rapp. 38 (del 11), 1-40. ing the area above 1000 km2, however, in Butcher, G. S., Niering, W. A., Barry, W. J. & volves only a small gain of plecopteran spe Goodwin, R. H. 1981. Equilibrium biogeo cies and some ephemeropteran. It is further graphy and the size of nature preserves: an avian case study. Oecologia (Berl) 49, 29-37. possible to evaluate the species richness of a Dovland, H., Joranger, E. & Semb, A. 1976. De certain area in any region of Norway. The position of air pollutants in Norway. - In: results are probably also valid for the north Brrekke, F. H. (ed.), Impact of acid precipita ern half of Sweden. In catchment areas of tion on forest and freshwater ecosystems in about 500 km 2 Engblom & Lingdell (1984) Norway. 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Ser. 1980-8, I-52. on Fennoscandian stoneflies (Plecoptera). J. N0st, T. & Koksvik, J. I. 1981a. Ferskvannsbiolo Biogeogr. 12,209-221. giske og hydrografiske unders0kelser i Ogna MacArthur, R. H. & Wilson, E. O. 1967. The vassdraget 1980. K. norske Vidensk. Se/sk. theory of is/and biogeography. Princeton Uni Mus. Rapport Zoo!' Ser. 1981-25, I-53. versity Press, Princeton, New Jersey. N0st, T. & Koksvik, J. I. 1981b. Ferskvannsbiolo Minshall, G. W. 1968. The Plecoptera of a head giske og hydrografiske unders0kelser i S0rli water stream (Gaitscale Gill, English Lake dis vassdraget 1979. K. norske Vidensk. Se/sk. trict). Arch. Hydrobio/. 65, 494-514. Mus. Rapport Zoo/. Ser. 1981-2, I-52. Muniz, I. P. & Leivestad, H. 1980. Acidification 0kland, J. & 0kland, K. A. 1986. The effects of - effects on freshwater fish. - In: Drabl0s, D. acid deposition on benthic animals in lakes and & Tollan, A. (ed.), Ec%gica/ impact of acid streams. Experientia 42, precipitation. Proc. into conf. Sandefjord, 471-486. SNSF-project, Oslo, pp 84-92. Otto, C. &Svensson, B. S. 1983. Properties of acid NOU 1983. Naturfaglige verdier og vassdrags brown water streams in South Sweden. Arch. vern. Norges offentlige utredninger 42, 1 Hydrobio/.99, 15-36. 376. Overrein, L. N., Seip, H. M. & Tollan, A. 1980. N0st, T. 1981a. Ferskvannsbiologiske og hydro Acid precipitation - effects on forest and fish. grafiske unders0kelser i Istravassdraget 1980. Final report of the SNSF-project 1972-1980. K. norske Vidensk. Se/sk. Mus. Rapport Zoo/. SNSF-project, Oslo, FR19/80, 1-175. Ser. 1981-14, 1-37. Raddum, G. G. & FjeIlheim, A. 1984. Acidifica N0st, T. 1981b. Ferskvannsbiologiske og hydro tion and early warning organisms in freshwater grafiske unders0kelser i Drivavassdraget in western Norway. Verh. into Verein. theor. 1979-80. K. norske Vidensk. Se/sk. Mus. angew. Limno/. 22, 1973-1980. Rapport Zoo/. Ser. 1981-10, 1-77. Raddum, G. G. & Steigen, A. L. 1981. Reduced N0st, T. 1981c. Ferskvannsbiologiske og hydro survival and calorific content of stoneflies and grafiske 'unders0kelser i Todalsvassdraget, caddisflies in acid water. - In: Singer, R. (ed.), Nord-M0re 1980. K. norske Vidensk. Se/sk. Effects ofacidic precipitation on benthos. Proc. Mus. Rapport Zoo/. Ser. 1981-12, I-55. Symp. Acidic Precipitation on Benthos, 1980, N0st, T. 1981d. Ferskvannsbiologiske og hydro North American Benthological Society, Ha grafiske unders0kelser i Garbergelvas nedslag milton, N. Y., pp 97-101. felt 1981. K. norske Vidensk. Se/sk. Mus. Rap Sandlund, T. & Halvorsen, G. 1980. Hydrografi port Zoo!. Ser. 1981-23, 1-44. og evertebrater i elver og vann i Kynnavassdra N0st, T. 1982a. Ferskvannsbiologiske og hydro get, Hedmark. 1978. Kontaktutv. vasdragsreg. grafiske unders0kelser i H0ylandsvassdraget Univ. Oslo Rapp. 14, 1-80. 1981. K. norske Vidensk. Se/sk. Mus. Rapport Spikkeland, I. 1980a. Hydrografi og evertebrat Zoo/. Ser. 1982-2, I-59. fauna i vassdragene i SjAvatnomrAdet, Tele N0st, T. 1982b. Hydrografi og ferskvannseverte mark 1979. Kontaktutv. vassdragsreg. Univ. brater i Sandd0la/-Luru-vassdragene 1981 i Oslo Rapp. 18, 1-49. forbindelse med planlagt vannkraft utbygging. Spikkeland, I. 1980b. Hydrografi og evertebrat K. norske Vidensk. Se/sk. Mus. Rapport Zoo/. fauna i vassdragene pA Lifjell, Telemark 1979. Ser. 1982-8, 1-86. Kontaktutv. vassdragreg. Univ. Oslo Rapp. 19, N0st, T. 1983. Hydrografi og ferskvannseverte I-55. brater i Raumavassdraget 1982. K. norske Vi Sprules, W. M. 1947. An ecological investigation densk. Se/sk. Mus. Rapport Zoo/. Ser. 1983-2, of stream insects in AIgonguin Park, Ontario. 1-74. Univ. Toronto Stud. bio!. ser. 56, 1-81. N0st, T. 1984a. Hydrografi og ferskvannseverte Wiederholm, T. 1984. Responses of aquatic in brater i Raumavassdraget i forbindelse med sects to environmental pollution. - In: Resch, 81 H. & Rosenberg, D. M. (ed.), The ecology of Wright, R. F. & Dovland, H. 1978. Regional sur aquatic insects. Praeger,new York, pp 508 veys of the chemistry of the snowpack in Nor 557. way, late winter 1973, 1974, 1975, and 1976. Wright, R. F., Dale, T., Henriksen, A., Hendrey, Atmos. Environ. 12. 1755-1768. G. R. Gjessing, E. T., Johannessen, M., Lys holm, C. & St0ren, E. 1977. Regional surveys Received 29 April 1988 of small Norwegian lakes October 1974, March 1975, March 1976 and March 1977. SNSF-project.IR33/77. 1-153. "r 82 Habitat and life histories of the Trichoptera in Thjorsarver, Central Highlands of Iceland GISLI MAR GISLASON, UDO HALBACH*) AND GUNTER FLECHTNER Gislason, G. M., Halbach, U. & Flechtner, G. 1990. Habitat and life histories of the Trichoptera in Thjorsarver, Central Highlands of Iceland. Fauna nary, Ser. B 37: 83-90. Larval habitats and life cycles of the Trichoptera species found in Thjorsarver, central highlands of Iceland, are described. All six species are limnephilids. Apatania zonella (Zett.) was mainly found in streams, whereas Limnephilus picturatus McL. dominated in standing waters. L. griseus (L.) and L. affinis Curt. were found in both types of waters. The habitats of L. fenestratus (Zett.) and L. sparsus Curt. larvae were not determined. All species had one generation per year. A. zonella and L. griseus emerging from stenothermal spring-fed streams, had flight periods from mid-May to August, but L. griseus and the other species from standing waters were emerging in late June or July. Lakes, ponds and pools were presumably frozen solid from October to May and the larvae had only the summer for growth, whereas the larvae in spring-fed streams had the whole year for growth, and this is most likely the reason for the differences in emergence patterns. G'isli Mar G'islason, Institute of Biology, University of Iceland, IS-108 Reykjavik, Iceland. Udo Halbach and Giinter Flechtner, Institute of Biology, J. W. Goethe-University, Siesmayerstral3e 70, 6000 Frankfurt a.M., W.-Germany. INTRODUCTION 1981). The habitats in the Thjorsarver can be The construction of a reservoir for hydro divided into two categories, lotic waters, electric purposes in the River Thjorsa was which do not freeze solid and lentic waters, und.e~ consideration by Icelandic energy aut which presumably freeze solid. That leads to hontles foc,several years. A reservoir would a difference of growth of the larvae inhabi have led to flooding of the Thjorsarver oasis, ting these habitats. Larvae in permanently which was the focal point of a major conser flowing waters can grow for most or all of the vation issue for some years (Flechtner et al. year, but larvae in lentic waters only have the 1982), being one offew vegetated areas ofthe period from May to October for growth. The highlands and the largest breeding ground in aim of this study is to explore differences in the world for the pinkfooted goose (Anser the habitat selection of the species and how brachyrhynchus). A general biological sur the life cycles are adapted to the different vey ofthe area was carried out in 1971-74. habitats. In connection with a limnological research .. project in the Thj6rsarver area (Halbach and Flechtner 1976, Flechtner et al. 1982) the STUDY AREA Trichoptera were studied specifically in 1974 as a. part of a general study of Icelandic Tri The Thj6rsarver tundra meadows form one of choptera (Gislason 1977a, 1978a, b, 1979, the largest oases in the central plateau of 1981, 1987). Iceland, which is mainly unvegetated. They The Trichoptera in Iceland are known to are at the headwaters of the River Thj6rsa occupy a wide range of habitats (Gislason immediately south of the icesheet Hofsjokull (Fig. 1). The Thjorsarver lie in a large basin at an altitude of 560-600 m a.s.l. and cover "') Prof U. Halbach died on 14 April 1983. a total ofabout 150 km2, of which about 100 Fall1la 1I0rY. Ser. B 37: 83-90. Oslo 1990. 83 HOFSJOKULL Fig. 1. A map of the Thorsarver area. N ,. t N;->"'!..·rLl~:\ ~~ll .~1~~yzrr. /7):> •(;I .... _.. "'-'-) .;~ ....~--:::;-::;;: >;...... (',:? 5km km2 are vegetated. The basin is bordered to The somewhat fragmentary weather ob the north by the icesheet and to the west, servations from Thjorsarver indicate that the south and east by un vegetated hills and plate climate is quite similar to that at Hveravellir. aus. The meadows are intersected by nume The annual mean temperature is estimated at rous glacial and several spring-fed streams, -0.8°C with temperatures highest in July with numerous pools, ponds and lakes. (mean 7.3°C) and lowest in February ( Swamps and marshes are characterized by 6.3°C). Precipitation is approximately 800 sedges (Carex spp.) (Fig. 2). In parts of the mm per year. There are about 220 days with area there are permafrost palsa mounds. frost and about 1240 hours of sunshine per The only permanent weather station in the year. The area is snow covered from about central highlands of Iceland is at Hveravellir early October until May. An ice cover, usu (altitude 642 m a.s.l.) about 45 km northwest ally about 50-100 cm thick in late March, of Thjorsarver. Records from Hveravellir in forms over the bogs and marshes. About 1 m dicate a polar maritime climate similar to thick ice forms on lakes and ponds. Lakes that of southern Greenland, Jan Mayen and become ice free about late May and the soils west Spitsbergen. This differs from the much of the wetland usually thaw out completely more widespread continental polar climate early to mid-August (Thorhallsdottir 1988). of continental America and Siberian tundra in higher percipitation and much less severe winters. 84 A Fig. 3. Meteorological 15 data from Thjorsarver in en ~ 10 1974. A) hours of suns :::J hine, B) dayly precipi o 5 taion, C) maximum and .r::. minimum air temperatu o res (broken lines) and wa ter temperatures of a pool (solid lines), and D) ma ximum and minimum wa 40 B ter temperatures neaP the E I source of a spring-fed E 20 stream. o JI( I • 1,1 ,I( Ilia. " ,J.L C 25 20 15 QC ,, 10 , 5 o ~ :1 0 JUNE JUL Y AUG. Vegetation poor ponds had less than 30% One pond was found with rather dense ve cover ofsedges ofmosses. Their bottoms con getation of Callitriche hermaphrodita, Pota sisted of mud. mogeton filiformis and Nitella sp. Moss ponds had the mosses Drepanocladus Pools received their water from the su( tundrae and Calliergon giganteum, covering rounding marshes. They had either sedges or more than 30% of the bottom area. mosses, or were without any vegetation. Sedge ponds had emergent stands of Carex Some dried up in warm weather in summers. rostrata and to lesser extent C. lyngbyei. Swamps and marshes were overgrown wet These water bodies were usually also vegeta lands, water depth variable, but usually ted with the mosses D. tundrae and C. gigan about 0 to 20 cm. They had a dense cover of teum. Carex lyngbyei (or C. nigra), C. rariflora and 86 Calamagrostis neglecta. They are classified L. griseus (L.) had the broadest habitat with sedge ponds. distribution in Thjorsarver. It was found in Alllentic waters in Thjorsarver were great all types of water bodies except swamps and ly influenced by air temperatures due to their moraine ponds. It was most frequent in moss shallowness. Water and air temperatures ponds, where the main form of food for the were closely associated with hours of sun larvae was Salix glauca leaves brought in by shine, and the water temperatures exceeded surface run-off water. L. griseus was also the air temperatures in sunny weather (Fig. common in pools and was the only species 3). found in those that dried up in summers. The chemical and physical characteristics L. picturatus McL. was the most abundant of these waters have been described (Halbach Trichoptera larvae in Thjorsarver and was and Flechtner 1976). found in nine types of lentic waters. It was found in all sedge ponds searched and was the only species found in the swamps. It was also Larval habitats found in the vegetation poor ponds and pools, which had less than 30% cover ofvege Trichoptera larvae were found at 131 out of tation. 196 sampling sites. Six species ofadults were Two other species, L. fenestratus (Zett.) found in the area in 1972-74 (Table 1), but and L. sparsus Curt., were found as adults in only four ofthese were found as larvae (Table Thjorsarver, but search to find the larvae fai 2). led. Elsewhere in Iceland, L. sparsus occu Apatania zonella (Zett.) was found in 4 pies streams and L. fenestratus was found in a types of waters: spring-fed streams, run-off pond (Gislason 1981). In Thjorsarver, adult streams, lakes, and moraine ponds. It was the L. fenestratus were found among Eriopho most frequent of Trichoptera species in run rum spp. and it was possible to let the females ning waters and the only species found in lay eggs, .when they were kept in captivity moraine ponds. with Eriophorum spp. standing in water (Gis Limnephilus affinis Curt. larvae were in lason 1979). frequent in Thjorsarver. This species was Most often, only a single species of Tri found in one spring-fed stream and two choptera larva was found at each sampling ponds, one vegetation poor and the other site, wheras 2 species were occasionally grown with Callitriche hermaphrodita, Po found together (Table 2). tamogeton filiformis and Nitella sp. Table 1. NU~ber of Trichoptera adults caught by various methods in Thjorsarver 1972-1974. Species Year Research per iod Caught in a Caught in a Caught in Caught Caught by Caught TOTAL 1972: 20.6. -26.8 .window trap tent tt"ap pi t-fa11 traps flying sweeping inside 1973:5.5.-17.8. vegetation the 1974:5.6.-15.8. or on the field earth station Ft ight-period L.affinis 1972 5.7-2.8 2 1973 4.7-30.7 20 25 1974 19.6-5.8 13 27 L. fenestratus 1973 24.7-3.8 5 6 1 1974 17.7-14.8 26 33 11 L.griseus 1972 14.6-26.8 7 2 1 1 15 12 1973 19.5-17.8 30 26 4 1 10 16 44 43 1974 16.6-15.8 11 62 19 12 11 5 4 90 37 L.picturatus 1972 31.7-21.8 15 13 4 19 13 1973 24.7-8.8 7 2 49 29 57 31 1974 12.7-15.8 77 31 146 167 3 233 205 L.sparsus 1973 16.7 87 Table 2. Habitats of Trichoptera larvae in Thjorsarver. Occurrence of larvae in different habitats expressed in percentage of collecting sites with each species and percentage of collecting sites with 0, 1 and 2 species. Sites occupied with 2 species are indicated with an abbreviation of the species and the number of sites, e.g. AzLgll is A. zonella and L. grieus cohabiting at 11 sites. Habitat Spring-fed Run-off Lakes Moraine Moss Sedge Callitriche- Vegetation Pools streams streams ponds ponds ponds Potamogeton- poor ponds Nitella pond Species % %% %% % % % % A. zonella 84 1.2 6 43 L. affinis 2 100 3 L. griseus 29 3 19 56 43 100 47 54 L. picturat. 25 44 96 50 36 Sites with o species 10 85 56 57 28 4 0 31 9 Sites with 1 species 65 15 38 43 44 53 0 38 82 Sites with 2 species 25 6 28 43 100 31 9 Species AzLa1 LgLp1 LgLp5 LgLp12 LaLg1 LaLg1 LgLp1 cohabiting AzLg11 LgLp9 Mean no. of spp/site 1.1 0.2 0.5 0.4 1.0 1.4 2.0 1.0 1.0 No. sampling sites 49 33 16 7 18 28 1 32 11 Life histories August. The life cycle seems to be similar to Species occurring in spring-fed streams, A. that of L. griseus in standing waters. zonella and L. griseus, had the earliest flight Larvae ofL. picturatus in a pond in a Carex periods (Fig. 4). The larvae apparently over lyngbyei swamp (Fig. 4) grew from predom wintered as 3rd to 5th instar larvae, pupated inantly 4th instar larvae and some 5th instar in early spring, and started to emerge as soon larvae in early June to pupae in mid-July. All as the ice cover of the streams thawed. How pupae had emerged before early August, and ever, the emergence extended into the sum thereafter only empty pupal cases were mer, with mature females found in July and found. Emergence began in early July, ovipo August. sition taking place at the end of July and L. griseus in standing waters had a diffe extending at least to the second week of Au rent life cycle from those living in streams gust (Fig. 4). (Fig. 4). Pupae were not found until late June and were still present by the end of July. 3rd to 5th instar larvae were found in the 3rd DISCUSSION week of June and 5th instar larvae in late Although the caddis larvae of Thjorsarver July. Empty pupal cases were found from have a wide range of habitats, there are some mid-June onwards. Small larvae (1st to 3rd trends in habitat selection (Table 2). A. zo instars) were found in the 2nd week of Au nella larvae were found in water bodies that gust. Larval growth was therefore different had some water movements and sand, gravel ~ depending on their habitats; spring-fed and stones on the bottom. L. picturatus was streams with constant temperatures vs. stan found only in standing waters with some sed ding waters with fluctuating temperatures in ges or mosses growing at the banks. L. griseus summers and frozen solid during the winter. on the other hand was found both in lentic L. affinis had a flight period from mid and lotic waters, and so was L. affinis. Habi June to early July (Fig. 4), with ovarian de tat distribution in Thjorsarver is similar to velopment taking a short time. In June, only that found in other parts ofIceland (Gislason empty pupal cases were found and 2nd to 4th 1981), and the species composition in Thjor instar larvae were found in the 2nd week of sarver is similar to other highland areas that 88 Fig. 4. Life cycles of the A A. zonella Trichoptera species in ADULTS Thjorsarver. A) Apatania PUPAE C~c::J ~ zonella, B) Limnephilus ~ 5 ~ c::::::::J ~~------affinis, C) L. fenestratus, 89 adults were collected suggests that the flight REFERENCES periods of these species might have started Barber, H. 1931. Traps for cave-inhabiting in earlier in 1972 and 1974 than shown in Table sects. J. Elisha Mitchell sci. Soc. 46: 259-266. 1. They are the earliest species to appear as Flechtner, G., A. Gardarsson, G. M. Gislason and adults and A. zonella is most common in the U. Halback 1982. Okologische Untersuchun early summer, whereas L. griseus is common gen in Thjorsarver, Zentral-Island. Natur und throughout the summer. Adults of other spe Museum 112: 49-61. cies - those found in standing water as lar Gislason, G. M. 1977a. Aspects of the biology of vae - appear in mid summer. These standing Icelandic Trichoptera, with comparative stu dies on selected species from Northumberland, water bodies are much affected by air tempe England. Ph.D. thesis. Newcastle Univ. ratures and freeze solid during winter. Ho Gislason, G. M., 1977b. Preliminary studies on the wever, the spring-fed streams never freeze fauna of Eyjabakkar. Orkustofnun, Reykjavik solid and they do not freeze over near their OSROD 7719, 33 pp. sources, the ice disappearing in early spring Gislason, G. M., 1978a. Flight periods and ova from the lower reaches. rian maturation in Trichoptera in Iceland. In Temperature seems to affect the life cycles Proc. 2nd into Symp. Trich.: 135-146, ed. M. I. of the Trichoptera. Larvae occupying spring Crichton. Junk, The Hague. fed streams, which are never frozen solid in Gislason, G. M., I978b. Life cycle of Limnephilus affinis Curt. (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) in winter and are colder than ambient air during Iceland and in Northumberland, England. the day in summer, have a longer larval Verh. into Verein. Limnol. 20: 2622-2629. growth and an extended flight period. Larvae Gislason, G. M., 1979. Identification ofIcelandic in lentic waters which freeze solid in winter caddis larvae, with descriptions ofLimnephilus and become warmer than ambient air on fenestratus (Zett.) and L. picturatus McL. (Tri sunny summer days, grow during the summer choptera: Limnephilidae, Phryganeidae). Ent. only and have short flight periods in mid scand. 10: 161-176. summers. Gislason, G. M., 1981. Distribution and habitat The flight periods of the Trichoptera in the preferences of Icelandic Trichoptera. In Proc. 3rd. into Symp. Trich.: 99-109, ed. G. P. Mo Thjorsarver area are shorter than in the low retti. Junk, The Hague. lands of Iceland (Gislason 1978a). This is Gislason, G. M. & A. Th. Sigfusson 1987. The life probably associated with lower temperatures cycle and food of Apatania zonella (Zett.) in a and shorter growth season in the highland spring-fed stream in SW Iceland (Trichoptera: than in the lowlands. Limnephilidiae). In Proc. 5th into Symp. Trich.: 237-242, ed. M. Bournaud & H. Tached. Junk, Dordrecht. Halbach, U. and G. Flechtner 1976. Limnologi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS sche Untersuchungen im Rahwen des Thjor sarver-Projectes. Verh. Ges. Okologie, Wien We are indebted to Mr. Erling Olafsson, Na 1975, 143-159. tural History Museum, Reykjavik for allo Novak, K. and F. Sehnal 1963. The development wing us to use his data on Trichoptera in cycle of some species of the genus Limnephilus Thjorsarver from 1972 and 1973. We are also (Trichoptera). Cas. csl. Spol. ent. 60: 68-80. grateful to Prof. Arnth6r Gardarsson, and Dr. Thorhallsdottir, Th. E. 1988. Thjorsarver. Grodur Kristjan Th6rarinsson, Institute of Biology, ogjari'ivegur og ahrifKv'islaveitu X. Institute of University ofIceland and Dr. John O. Solem, Biology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, University of Trondheim for fruitful discus mimeogr. 43 pp. sions and reading the manuscript. Received: October 1989. This study was financed by the National Energy Authority in Iceland (Orkustofnun) and by the Deutche Forschungsgemeinshaft (Ha 83212). and DAAD Cathmed. 90 Key to the Fennoscandian larvae of Arctopsychidae and Hydropsychidae (Trichoptera) TERJE BONGARD Bongard, T. 1990. Key to the Fennoscandian larvae of Arctopsychidae and Hydropsy chidae (Trichoptera). Fauna norv. Ser. B, 37: 91-100. A key to the. Fen~osca~dian larvae of t~e Trichopteran families Arctopsychidae and ~ydropsych~daeis provided. The followmg species are included: Arctopsyche ladogen SIS (Kolenat! 18~9), Ci}.eumatopsyche lepida (Pictet 1834), Ceratopsyche nevae (Kole nat! 1858), C. slljvenl! (Ulmer 1906), Hydropsyche angustipennis (Curtis 1834), H. bulga~omanorum Mahcky 1977, H. contubernalis McLachlan 1865, H. pellucidula (Curt!s 1834), H. saxonica McLachlan 1884, H. si/talai Dohler 1963. Terje Bongard, Vitenskapsmuseet, Erling Skakkesgt. 47, N-7004 Trondheim, Norway. INTRODUCTION 1981, Petersen 1981). The quoted works The larvae of the Trichopteran families Arc show that the taxonomic characters used in topsychidae and Hydropsychidae live almost this key are consistent for populations from exclusively in running water and are impor different parts of Europe. The characters do tant m.embers of the bottom fauna. They are not seem to differ in populations as far from net spmners, predators and/or filter feeders each other as England and Finland. Larvae examined in this study from diffe on drifting organic particles (Petersen 1981). re~t Because oftheir different habitat preferences sources were photographed under a and pollution tolerance they are useful as Wild M 400 photomicroscope with an opti biological indicators (Schuhmacher et al cal fiber lamp. 1970, Scherf1983). The catching nets ofeach The families Arctopsychidae and Hydrop species normally have a very distinct pattern sychidae are easily distinguished because of and irregularities in net construction can re the sclerotisation of all thoracic segments veal undesirable discharges to streams (Besch combined with ventrally situated gills on the et al 1977, 1979, Petersen et al. 1983). In abdo~e.n. Among campodeoid larvae Rhy order to make use ofthis or other information acophihdae al~o possess gills on abdomen, but these are situated laterally. In addition, ~)ll. the Arctopsychidae and Hydropsychidae, it is necessary to have a key to the species only the pronotum is sclerotized in this fa present in Fennoscandia. mily. The Fennoscandian trichopteran fauna The Arctopsychidae have only one species consist of western, eastern and northern Eu in Fennoscandia, while the Hydropsychidae ropean species. This renders the continental have three genera and nine species (Andersen European keys to trichopteran larvae in most & Wiberg-Larsen 1987). The key refers to cases incomplete for the Norwegian, Swedish larvae in the 4th or 5th instar and they are and Finnish fauna. This is also true for Hy sampled at the following localities (number dropsychidae (Lepneva 1964, SedlAk 1971, of specimens examined in brackets): Szczesny 1974, Wiberg-Larsen 1980 Ed dington & Hildrew 1981, Petersen 198'1). Arctopsyche ladogensis (Kolenati 1859): Gaula river, Central Norway, 19.10.1988 (>20): Figs 1,2. Cheumatopsyche lepida (Pictet 1834): Dra MATERIAL AND METHODS wings published in: Edington & Hildrew The key is put together using several publis 1981 (Fig. 3), Wiberg-Larsen 1980 (Fig. hed works on the taxonomy of the families 4) and Lepneva 1964 (Fig. 5). (L~pneva 1964, SedlAk 1971, Sczesny 1974, Ceratopsyche nevae (Kolenati 1858): Gaula Wiberg-Larsen 1980, Edington & Hildrew river, Central Norway, 2.10.1987 (>20): Fauna nor•. Ser. B 37: 91-100. Oslo 1990. 91 3. Gills absent on abdominal segment 7. Pos central anterior mark present (Fig. 20), pos terior end of frontoclypeus with a light U terior frontoclypeus mark usually separated shaped figure (Fig. 6): into two (Figs 20-22): · Hydropsyche si/ta/ai ...... Ceratopsyche nevae - Gills present on abdominal segment 7: - Frontoclypeus with 6 marks in a characte ...... 4. ristic pattern, no distal central anterior mark, only one posterior frontoclypeus patch (Figs 4. Anterior edge of frontoclypeus convex, 24,25): with two large light areas (Figs 7,11). Poste ...... Ceratopsyche silfvenii rior prosternites uniformly pale and indis tinct (Fig. 8): 5. - Anterior edge offrontoclypeus straight or Comments on the key concave (Figs 18,20,24), posterior proster The identification to species is relatively nites more or less sclerotized (Figs 14-16, easy, except perhaps between Hydropsyche 26,27): angustipennis and H. pellucidu/a. The head ...... 6. spot differences in these two species are not reliable in preserved material. 5. Submentum with central lobe (Figs 9, 10). Younger instars are usually always a pro · ...... Hydropsyche bu/garomanorum blem, but in most cases it is possible to iden - Submentum without central lobe (Figs 12, tify 3rd instar larvae. 13). Mentum, submentum, ventral apotome · Hydropsyche contubernalis and the gular sclerite are names used for the same structure (Hickin 1946, Lepneva 1964, 6. Lateral parts of submentum oblonged and Wiggins 1977, Lecureil 1983, Edington et al narrow, 2.5-3 times as wide as long (Figs 1981, Merritt et al 1984). I have used the 14-17): name submentum for the structure, as recent ...... 7. papers indicate that this' is the correct desig - Lateral parts ofsubmentum shorter, 1.8 nation. 2.3 times as wide as long, more like a trape In addition to the species treated here, H. zium (Figs 19, 23, 26, 27): fu/vipes occurs in Denmark and will proba ...... 8. bly key out to H. saxonica (Edington et al 1981 ). 7. Lateral parts of posterior prosternites dark, The material of H. saxonica is very dark, ventral part oblong (Figs 14, 15), length of other specimens may have lighter frontocly ventral ecdysial line of head shorter than half peus marks than this material reveals. How head width. (Fig. 15), posterior area of fron ever, this should not produce any difficulties toclypeus with faint or absent mark: for identification (Sedlak 1971). · ...... Hydropsyche angustipennis - Lateral parts of prosternites light, ventral part almost square (Fig. 16), length ofventral ecdysial line of head at least as long as half NOTES ON THE BIOLOGY OF head width (Fig. 17), posterior area of fron CERA TOPSYCHE SILFVENII toclypeus with a more conspicious Y or V C. silfveniihas been recorded from only a few shaped light mark: places in Sweden and Denmark (Wiberg · Hydropsyche pellucidu/a Larsen 1980, Petersen 1981), and Wiberg Larsen states that it seems to prefer oligo 8. Frontoclypeus with 2-3 marks, but no trophic rivers and perhaps for this reason is central anterior light mark (Fig. 18): becoming rarer in Denmark because of in · Hydropsyche saxonica creasing eutrophication. This species has not - Frontoclypeus with 6-9 light marks, at been found in Norway since 1946 (Aagaard least one central mark anterior to suture, et al. 1987). The larvae I found in 1987 were (Figs 20-22, 24, 25): also collected in two markedly oligotrophic ...... 9. rivers in central Norway, Lundesokna and Holvasselva (Traaen et a11988, Arnekleiv et 9. Frontoclypeus with up to 9 marks in a aI1988). These rivers are both low in alkali characteristic complicated pattern, distal nity, pH and total phosphorous. They are also 99 strongly humic. Lundesokna has a characte rael Program for Scientific Translations Ltd. ristic algal composition that indicates acid 700 pp. water (Traaen et aI1988). Research needs to Merritt, R. W. & Cummins, K. W. 1984.AnIntro be done to uncover more details of the bio duction to the Aquatic Insects ofNorth America logy of C. silfvenii. (2nd ed.). Kendall & Hunt publishing com pany. 722 pp. N0st, T., Aagaard, K., Arnekleiv, J. V., Jensen, J. W., Koksvik, J. I. & Solem, J. O. 1986. Vass ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS dragsreguleringer og ferskvannsinvertebrater. My sincere thanks to Peter Wiberg-Larsen, 0koforsk utredn. 1986:1, 80 pp. Lena Britt-Marie Petersen, Svein Jakob Sal Petersen, L. B.-M. 1981. Taxonomy, biology and ecology of the Hydropsychidae. Coden tveit, Henri Tachet and Pekka Vilkamaa for Lunbds/(Nbli-3046)/l-85. Department of providing me with support and material, to Ecology/Limnology, University of Lund, Per E. Fredriksen for photographic advice Sweden. and to John E. Brittain for correcting the Petersen, L. B.-M. & Petersen, R. C. 1983. Ano English. Special thanks to John O. Solem for malies in Hydropsychid capture nets from help and support. polluted streams. Freshw. Bioi. 13, 185-191. Petersen, L. B.-M. 1987. Field and laboratory stu dies ofthe biology ofthree species ofHydropsy REFERENCES che (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae). Disserta tion at Department of Ecology/Limnology, Andersen, T. & Wiberg-Larsen, P. 1987. Revised University of Lund, Sweden. check-list of NW European Trichoptera. Ent. Petersen, L. B.-M. & Petersen, R. C. 1988. Com Scand. 18, 165-184. pensatory mortality in aquatic populations: Its Arnekleiv, J. V., Bongard, T. & Koksvik, J. I. importance for interpretation of toxicant ef 1988. Resipientforhold, vannkvalitet og fersk fects. Ambio 17, 381-386. vannsinvertebrater i Nordelvavassdraget, Fo Schuhmacher, H. & Schremmer, F. 1970. Die Tri sen, S0r-Tr0ndelag. Vidensk. Mus. Rapport chopteren des Odenwaldbaches «Steinach» Zool. Ser. 1988-5,45 pp. und ihr Zeigerwert. Int. Revue ges. Hydrobiol. Badcock, R. M. 1977. The Hydropsychefulvipes 55, 335-358. instabilis -saxonica (Trichoptera) complex in Schuster, G. A. 1983. Hydropsyche? - Symphitop Britain and the recognition of H. si/talai (D0h syche? - Ceratopsyche?: A taxonomic enigma. ler. Entomol. month. Mag. 113, 23-29. Pp. 339-345 in Morse, J. C. (Ed.) Proc. 4th Besch, W. K., Schreiber, I. & Herbst, D. 1977. Der Int. Symp. Trichoptera, 1983. Junk, The Ha Hydropsyche-Toxizitiitstest, erprobt an Fenet gue. carbo Schweitz. Zeitschr. Hydrol. 39, 69-85. Szczesny, B. 1974. Larvae of the genus Hydropsy Besch, W. K., Schreiber, I. & Magnin, E. 1979. che (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Poland. Pol. Influence du sulfate de cuivre sur la structure Arch. Hydrobiol. 21, 387-390. du filet des larves d'Hydropsyche (Insecta, Sedlilk, E. 1971. Bestimmungstabelle der Larven Trichoptera). Annls Limnol. 15, 123-138. der Hiiufigen Tschechoslowakischen Arten der Brekke, R. 1946. Norwegian Caddisflies (Tri Gattung Hydropsyche Pictet (Trichoptera). choptera). Norsk Ent. Tidskr. 7, 155-163. Acta ent. Bohemoslav. 68, 185-187. Boon, P. J. 1978. The use of ventral sclerites in the Traaen, T. S., Arnekleiv, J. V., Bongard, T., taxonomy of larval hydropsychids. Pp. 165 Grande, M., Lindstr0m, E.-A. & Lingsten, L. 173 in Crichton, M. I. (Ed.) Proc. 2nd Int. 1988. Tiltaksorientert overvliking av Gaula, Symp. Trichoptera, 1977. Junk, The Hague. S0r-Tr0ndelag 1986-87. NIVA-Rapport Edington, J. M. & Hildrew, A. G. 1981. Caseless 337/88, 1-157. Caddis larvae of the British isles. Sci. Pubis. Wiberg-Larsen, P. 1980. Bestemmelsesn0g1e til Freshw. Bioi. Ass. no. 43, 91 pp. larver af de danske arter af familien Hydropsy Hickin, N. E. 1946. Larvae of the British Trichop chidae (Trichoptera) med noter om arternes tera. Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 97, 187-212. udbredelse og 0kologi. Ent. meddr 47, 125 Lecureuil, J. Y. Chovet, M., Bournaud, M. & Ta 140. Copenhagen, Denmark. chet, H. 1983. Description, repartition et cycle Wiggins, G. B. 1977. Larvae of the North Ameri biologicue de la larve d'Hydropsyche bulgar can Caddisfly genera (Trichoptera). Univ. To omanorum Malicky 1977 (Trichoptera, Hy ronto Press, Toronto and Buffalo. 401 pp. dropsychidae) dans la Basse Loire. A nnls Lim Aagaard, K. & Hligvar, S. 1987. Sjeldne insektar nol. 19, 17-24. ter i Norge. 1. 0koforsk utredn. 1987: 6,81 pp. Lepneva, S. G. 1964. Fauna of the U.S.S.R. Tri choptera Vol. 2 No. 1. Larvae and pupae of Received: Sept. 1989. Annulipalpia. Translated by J. Salkind, the Is 100 Records of Stratiomyidae (Diptera) from South-Eastern Norway, with som notes on the species MORTEN FALCK AND UTA GREVE Falck, M. and Greve, L. 1990. Records ofStratiomyidae (Diptera) from South-Eastern Norway, with som notes on the species. Fauna norv. Ser. B. 37: 101-104. Records are given on the distribution of species of the family Stratiomyidae from the South-Eastern part of Norway, and notes concerning the biology ofMicrochrysa polita (L.) and Odontomyia argentata (Fabricius). The single record of Clitellaria ephippium (Fabricius) from Norway is commented on, and an additional record of Nemotelus uliginosus (L.) is given. Morten Falck, Fjellhusalle 23,0664 Oslo 6, Norway. Lita Greve, Museum of Zoology, University of Bergen, Museplass 3, N-5007 Bergen-Univ., Norway. Since Rozkosny (1973) published his survey June 1986 1 male; Kvrerner 14 June 1988 1 of the Stratiomyidae of Fennoscandia and male 1 female; Lutdalen 19 June 1988 20 Denmark, the Norwegian fauna has been females; AK Eidsvoll: Dal EIS 37 9 June treated in several papers by Greve, Fjeldsa & 1973 1 female (MF); AK Brerum: Ost0ya EIS al. (see reference list). Several new species 28 Malaise trap A 30 May-lO June 1984 I have been added to the Norwegian list. Thus female, Malaise trap B ~O May-IO June I the Stratiomyidae is one of the better studied female, 10 J une-l July 1984 1 female; Ma families of Norwegian flies. Still our know laise trap C 10 June-l July 1984 I female; 2 ledge of the distribution of the species is far June 1984 1 female netted, June 4th 1988 I from complete, and there probably remains male netted. B0 Hurum: Tofte EIS 28 Ma new species to be recorded within the coun laise trap 2-17 June 1985 7 females, 17 try. June-17 July 1985 9 females (ZMB); OS The following records add to our know 0yer: Tretten EIS 54 11 June 1984 I male ledge of the Norwegian distribution of the (MF). family. During our work on this family we The species is new to B0 and OS. The reviewed the collection of Museum of Zoo Malaise trap at Tofte was run from 13 May logy, University of Oslo, mostly consisting of 1985 till 1 September 1985, and was emptied material from the 19th century. This resulted 6 times. For description of the Malaise traps in some additional records and one clarifying at Ha0ya and Ost0ya, see Greve & Midtgaard comment on the records given in Rozkosny ( 1986). (1973). The 20 specimens from Oslo: Lutdalen The material is deposited either in the col were caught in a Malaise trap placed on a lections ofMuseum ofZoology, University of small meadow in a coniferous forest mixed Bergen (ZMB), Museum of Zoology, Univer with deciduous trees, with a rich vegetation sity of Oslo (ZMO), or the private collection of flowers and shrubs. These records seem to of Morten Falck (MF). indicate that the species is not rare in the Oslo region. Beris cha/ybata (Forster, 1771) The'ZMO collection contains one specimen, Beris c/avipes (L., 1767) labelled «Linderud 3/7 47» and «Siebke». VE Tj0me: Sand0Y EIS 19 2 June 1965 1 No other records from Oslo have been pu male (ZMB). AAY Grimstad: Fevik EIS 6 blished so far. The species has been taken June 28th 1983 1 male. (MF) several places in the Oslo region: AK Oslo: Beris c/avipes is new to VE and AAY. It Trasop EIS 28 6 June 1968 1 female; 0sten must be considered a common species in sj0vann 29 May 1984 1 male; Hengsenga 24 Norway. Fauna no,.. Ser. B 17: 101-104. Oslo 1990. 101 Beris fuscipes Meigen, 1820 740 m above sea level (HOI, 0vre Eidfjord: OS Ringebu: Tollmoen EIS 637 July 19851 Eidfjord). female (MF). The ZMO collection contains The records seem to indicate that this spe one female specimen from ON Dovre: Tof cies is tied to gardens, farmland, meadows, temo (EIS 71) July 6th 1873, leg. Siebke, deciduous forest glades, hedgerows, etc. It is Soot-Ryen det. commonly found on the sunny leaves of deci The only published records from Norway duous trees and shrubs, often in numbers. are from NN0, TRY and FI, so these two Also it has been found in tufts of grass, on finds from Oppland county are the first re meadows in fairly open surroundings, and in cords from southern Norway. dry fields of grass with Ranunculas, Rumex, Polygonum, Hieracium in addition to heather Microchrysa cyaneiventris (Zetterstedt, and mosses (Eidfjord). This seems to indicate 1842) that the species is able to survive in a great AK Frogn: HA0ya EIS 28 Malaise trap A variety of biotopes. According to Rozko~ny 3-16 June 1984 1 female; Malaise trap B (1982) «the larvae have been bred from dung, 16-27 June 1984 1 female; AAY Birkenes: various kinds of decaying organic material, Sennumstad EIS 6 Malaise trap 25 June-6 rotting grass, garden refuse, compost, soil be August 1986 1 female (ZMB). neath moss on old tree-trunks, etc.» There is These are the first records of M. cyanei so far no record from purely coniferous forest ventris from AK and AAY, and the first re localities. cords from South-Eastern Norway. Hitherto M. cyaneiventris has only been recorded from Sargus fla vipes Meigen, 1822 western Norway (Greve 1980). Based on re Syn. S. splendens Meigen, 1804 {Rozko~ny, cently collected material M. cyaneiventris is (1973) probably not very rare in southern Norway. o Halden: Prestebakke EIS 12 Malaise trap 30 June-28 July 1986 1female; B0 Hurum: Tofte Malaise trap 8 August-l September Microchrysa flavicornis (Meigen, 1822) 1985 1 female; VE Sem: Sem EIS 19 11 Au o Halden: Fredrikshald (= Halden) EIS 20 1 gust 1968 2 males; TEY Porsgrunn: As female (ZMO); B0 R0yken: Hyggen, Kin stranda 15-20 September 19831 male; TEI nertangen 28 July 1986 1 male (ZMB). These Kviteseid: Kviteseid Light trap 24-29 July are the first records from 0 and B0. 19881 male; AAI Iveland: Grosas EIS 5 Ma laise trap 21 J uly-6 August 1982 1 female Microchrysa polita (L., 1758) (ZMB). In addition to 17 records from AK (MF) there are the following records: 0 Skjeberg: Sargus rufipes Wahlberg, 1854 Uller0Y EIS 20 Light trap 28 July 1980 1 o Halden: Prestebakke EIS 12 Malaise trap 9 female; B0 Hurum: Tofte EIS 28 Malaise June-30 June 1986 1 female; AK Frogn: trap 2-17 June 19851 female, 17 June-17 Ha0ya EIS 28 Malaise trap A 19 May-3 July 19854 females, AAY Iveland: Grosaas June 1984 2 females; Malaise trap B 19 EIS 5 Malaise trap 6-22 July 19824 fema May--3 June 1984 1 female; 3-16 June les; (ZMB) AAY Grimstad: Vess0ya EIS 6, 19842 females (ZMB); AK Brerum: Kjaglida 29 June 1978 1 male and 25 June 1983 1 len EIS 28 7 June 1988 1 male; AK Asker: female (MF); AAI Bygland: Kleivvollen EIS Semsvann EIS 28 14 June 1989 2 females 9 Malaise trap 6-22 July 1982 1 female (MF); B0 Hurum: Tofte EIS 28 Malaise trap (ZMB); TEY Bamble, Langesund, Steinvika 2-17 June 1985 3 females; BV Rollag: Rol EIS 11 12 July 1986 1female, and TEI Kvites lag EIS 35 30 May 1984 2 females: AAY eid EIS 17 18-21 June 1988 Light trap 1 Birkenes: Sennumstad EIS 6 21 May-25 female (ZMB). June 1986 1 female; 25 June-6 August Microchrysa po/ita is new to B0, AAY and 1986 4 females; HOI Granvin: Granvin EIS AA!. It has been recorded from 0 by Ard0 41 Malaise trap 28 May-16 June 1 female (1957), not included in Rozko~ny (1973). (ZMB). This is certainly the most common Norwe The two Sargus species mentioned here gian Stratiomyidae species, reaching as far can only be safely determined after exami north as Alta in Finnmark county, and in ning the genitalia. On some occasions the southern Norway ascending to an altitude of species have been found on the same locality, 102 r viz. 0 Halden: Prestebakke and B0 Hurum: Rozko~ny (1973) and O. hydroleon is thus Tofte. S. rufipes seems to have an early flight new to HES. We have not seen material of period in south-eastern Norway, while S.fla this species caught recently in Norway. vipes has been caught in the late part of the summer and in the autumn. S. flavipes is new Stratiomys singularior (Harris, 1776) to B0, YE, TEI and AAI. S. rufipes is new to Synonym: Stratiomys furcata (Fabricius, 0, AK, B0, BV, AAY and HOI. The records 1794) Rozkosny, 1973. VE Tj0me: Mo indicate that this species, which has earlier stranda EIS 194 July 19854 males, 1 female, been recorded from ON, NSI, TRY and TRI, 5 July 1985 1 female, 6 July 1985 3 males; is probably not rare in Norway. See also 10-20 July 1985 1 female; 14-17 July Greve and Straumfors (1988). 1986 1 male, 1 female (ZMB). This is the first record of S. singularior Odontomyia argentata Fabricius, (1794) from YE. The species was first collected on The species was recorded as new to the Nor 10 July 1981 in the neighbouring area of wegian fauna by Greve and Midtgaard Moutmarka by Svein Svendsen, Kristian (1985), one female specimen only. One ofthe sand, but we have not seen his material. The authors have the following records: AK Oslo: specimens were mostly netted, one female 0stensj0vann EIS 28 20 May 1984 1 male; was caught in Yellow water traps between 10 18 May 1985 3 males 1 female; 2 June 19863 and 20 July 1985. These are also the only males; 15 June 1986 1 female; 7 May 19872 recent of this species, while there are old males; Loelva at Tveita 22 May 1984 1 fe material from 0 Hvaler and AK Oslo in the male; 18 May 1985 12 males (MF). ZMO collection. While there might well still The dates varying from may 7 till June 15 exist populations on Hvaler, it is very doubt with the peak in the later half of May, this is a ful indeed, if the species has survived in the spring and early summer species. Lake 0s Oslo city area. tensj0vann is a hyper-eutrophic lake with a maximum depth of 3 metres, known for its Opplodontha viridula (Fabricius, 1775) rich fauna and flora. 0. argentata was taken HEN Amot: Amot 1 female; ON Dovre: in the Northern end of the lake, the females Laurgard 1 female (ZMO); VE Tj0me: Sand resting on the twigs of flowering Salix, and 0y 10 July 1966 1 female (ZMB). also visiting the catkins, the males swarming These are the first records of O. viridula above the bushes. from HEN, ON, and YE. In recent surveys in The river Loelva (Alna) is a meandering Vestfold province the species has not been stream flowing through a flat, clay-rich mea found in the last decade, indicating that it is dow at the foot of the Tveita hill. Here the not common in this area. males were swarming above a quiet, isolated meander ricll in plant debris, with flowering Clite/laria ephippium (Fabricius, 1775) Caltha palustris and flowering Salix bushes According to Rozko~ny (1973 and 1983) this on the banks. On all the occations the weat species was recorded by Siebke (1877) and her was warm and sunny. also found at a place called Fjeldotuin by The striking difference in numbers be professor Esmark in 1844. Siebke records tween the sexes is much due to the swarming this species as «In Norvegia a prof. Esmark habits of the males (the male specimens from lecta, locum namen non indicavit (sec. Si Loelva beeing a swarm), making them easier ebke).» The ZMO collection contains one to catch than the females. male specimen, labelled «Fjeldstuen juni When disturbed, the flies take to a very 1844» and «Esmark». Rozko~ny obviously rapid flight. In spite of several searches du misread the handwritten label. Accordiing to ring May 1989 the species was not observed, Opheim (1981) Fjeldstuen was a locality si neither at the 0stensj0vann nor the Loelva tuated approximately were now is the British locafities. This may indicate fluctuations in embassy in the western part of the city of population densities from one year to Oslo. The correct locality thus should read: another. AK Oslo: Fjeldstuen. As Siebke refers to Esmark, there probably only was this one Odontomyia hydroleon (L., 1758) record, and the claim that Esmark did not HES: Ringsaker: Helg0ya EIS 45 July 1849 give the locality is erroneous. (ZMO). This old record was not included in However, this peculiar species has not been 103 found in Norway since 1844, and must be REFERENCES Rozko~ny considered extinct. According to Ardo, P. 1957. Studies in the marine shore dune (1983) it has not been recorded in Denmark ecosystem with special reference to the dipte and Finland, and thl(!e only exists a few re rous fauna. Opusc. ent. Suppl. 14. 255 pp. cords from Sweden (Oland and SmAland). As Malmo. it is not listed in Hedstrom (1985, 1986), the FjeldsA, A., Greve, L., Nilsen, A.-J. 1984. Neopa species seems not to have been recorded in chygaster meromaelaena (Dufour, 1841) and Sweden in recent years. Praomyia leachii (Curtis, 1824) (Dipt., Stra tiomyidae) new to Norway. Fauna nory. Ser. B, 31: 111. Oslo. Nemotelus nigrinus Fallen, 1817 Greve, L. 1980. Notes on the distribution of some B0 R0yken: R0yken EIS 28 1 male (ZMO); Norwegian Stratiomyidae (Diptera) species. YE Tj0me: Moutmarka EIS 198 July 19832 Fauna norv. Ser. B, 27: 78-79. Oslo. females; 2 July 1985 1 female; Mostranda 22 - 1986. Zabrachia minustissima (Zetterstedt, July 19821 female; 8 July 19835 females; 30 1838) (Dipt., Stratiomyidae) new to Norway. June 1985 1 female; 6 July 1985 1 female; Fauna norv. Ser. B, 33: 104. Oslo. 12-14 July 1986 1 female; TEY Porsgrunn: Greve, L. & Midtgaard, F. 1985. Odontomyia ar Sand0Y EIS 19 10 July 1986 1 male 2 females gentata (Fabricius, 1794) (Dipt., Stratiomy (ZMB). These are the first records from B0, idae) new to the Norwegian fauna. Fauna nory. Ser. B, 32: 106. Oslo. YE and TEY. Greve, L. & Midtgaard, F. 1986. The Clusiidae (Diptera) from the islands Ha0ya and Ost0ya Nemotelus notatus Zetterstedt, 1842 in the Oslofjord and a survey of the family in YE Sandefjord: S0rbY0ya 22 June 1984 Norway. Fauna norv. Ser. B, 33, 86-92. Oslo. male (ZMB),. Greve, L. & Straumfors, P. 1988. Notes on some This is the first record from YE and the first Stratiomyidae (Diptera) from Nordland. Fauna record since Rozko~ny (1973). nory. Ser. B, 35: 43. Oslo. Hedstrom, L.: Svenska insektsfynd - rapport 1. Nemotelus uliginosus (L., 1767) [Swedish insect records - report 1.] Ent. Tidskr. 106: 147-153. Uppsala, Sweden 1985. The ZMO collection also contains one male - Svenska insektsfynd - rapport 2. [Swedish in specimen of this species labelled «B0 in Yes sect records - report 2.] Ent. Tidskr. 107: terAlen YII.19. Munster» and «Soot-Ryen 139-147, Umea, Sweden 1986. det.». This record from EIS 143 is the first Opheim, M. 1981. Litt om sommerfugljegere i from NNY. forrige arhundrede I. Atalanta nory. 3. p. 177. Oslo. Oxycera trilineata (L., 1767) Rozko~ny, R. 1973. The Stratiomyidae (Diptera) YE Tj0me: Mostranda EIS 1925 June 19691 of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Fauna ent. female; 20 July 19832 males 2 females; 26 Scand. I, 1-140. - 1982/83. A biosystematic study of the Euro July 19842 females; 30 June 1985 1 male; 2 pean Stratiomyidae (Diptera) I & 11. Or. W. July 1985 1 female; 4 July 1985 1 female; 6 Junk Pub\. The Hague - Boston - London, 401 July 19853 males 1 female; Moutmarka 15 pp., 431 pp. July 1986 5 males 13 females; Mo 22 July Siebke, H. 1877. Enumeration Insectorum Norve 1982 3 males 3 males (ZMB). gicorum. Fasc. IV. Catalogum Dipterorum These are the first records from YE. Hit Continentem. A. W. Br0gger, Christiania. 255 herto (Rozko~ny, 1973) only recorded from pp. Oslo: T0yen. It is doubtful if the species has survived in Oslo city area (see above, S. sin Received 23 Nov. 1989 gularior) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We wish to thank Jan Emil Raastad of the Zoological Museum, University of Oslo for the kind loan of material, and Arild Fjeldsa, Lars Ove Hansen, Fred Midtgaard, Kai Myhr, Alf Jacob Nilsen and Sindre Ligaard for the gift of valuable material. 104 , Notes on Norwegian Dolichopodidae (Diptera) TERJE JONASSEN Jonassen, T. 1990. Notes on Norwegian Dolichopodidae (Diptera). Fauna norv. Ser. B, 37: 105-106. Based on previously unidentified material at the Zoological Museum, Bergen, new distributional data are given for thirteen species of Dolichopodidae. Of these., five species are reported from Norway probably for the first time. Thrypticus paludicola Negrobov, 1972 is established as ajunior synonym of T. intercedens Negrobov, 1967. Terje Jonassen N-4170 Sjernar0Y Norway. INTRODUCTION *Dolichopus griseipennis Stannius, 1831 During the winter of 1988/89 I had the op YE, Tj0me: Sand0Y, Hvasser, EIS 19,24 ~ portunity of checking some of the previously August 1980, 1 leg. A. Fjeldsa. Distri unidentified Dolichopodid material at the buted over much of Europe, including Zoological Museum, Bergen (ZMB). This southern Sweden, Denmark and Great Bri material yielded some new and interesting tain. It is therefore not surprising to find it distributional data for Norwegian Dolicho in southern Norway. podidae, some of which are presented below. Hercostomus cupreus (Fallen, 1823) Species marked with an asterisk are new to First recorded as Norwegian by Jonassen Norway. (1985), from RY and RI. Available re The material is conserved in alcohol and is cords suggest a strictly south-western dis deposited at 2MB. The sequence of species tribution pattern in Norway, previously largely follows C. E. Dyte's list in Kloet and known only from the district of Rogaland, Hincks (1975). Otherwise the presentation where it is a common species. The 2MB follows Jonassen (1985, 1988). collections, however, include a specimen The geographical division of the districts from HOI, Etne: v/Sreb0, leg. L. Greve. follows 0kland (1981). Hercostomus nigriplantis (Stannius, 1831) YE, Tj0me: Sand0Y, EIS 19,,1 5 leg. A. Fjeldsa. Previously recorded from AK SYSTEMATIC LIST only (Jonassen 1988). Dolichopus atripes Meigen, 1824 *Medetera micacea Loew, 1857 First recorded as Norwegian by Jonassen YE, Tj0me: Sand0Y, EIS 19,21 July 1984, (1985) from RI. Since then also recorded 4 55, 3 ~~ leg. A. Fjeldsa. Widely dis . from NTI (Jonassen & Solem in press). the tributed over much of Europe, including collections of 2MB included specimens Denmark and Sweden. from HOY and SFY. There are also unpu * Medetera pseudoapicalis Thuneberg, 1955 blished records from ON and RY. HOY, Bergen: Gr0nningen, EIS 30, 20 *Dolichopus cruralis Wahlberg, 1850 June 1982, 1 5 leg. A. Fjeldsa. A species NSY, Bod0: Hamarbakken, Bodin, EIS previously recorded from central and 130, 8 July 1980, 1 5 leg. A. Fjeldsa. Pri north-eastern Europe. marily a northern species, previously re Thrypticus intercedens Negrobov, 1967 corded from Sweden, Finland and from the The 2MB collections included two speci Leningrad area in the Soviet Union. It has, mens that fitted the descriptioon of this however, recently also been captured in seemingly rare species, one male from Czechoslovakia (Olejnicek 1984). The HOY, Os: Telleviki, EIS 31?, and another present specimen was captured in an oligo male from NSY, Bod0: Skivik, Straum0ya, trophic field consisting mainly of Nardus EIS 130, both collected by A. Fjeldsa. stricta and Potentilla erecta. Both specimens were captured in similar Fauna norv. Ser. B 37: 105-106. Oslo 1990. 105 habitats - saline coastal meadows. The 2MB material from RY, Tysvrer: Ogn0Y, Bod0 locality consisted of Atriplex spp. EIS 13, 7 October 1981. and Juncus gerardii. This fact lead me to Chrysotimus flaviventris (v. Roser, 1840) re-examine the one known Norwegian First recorded as Norwegian by Jonassen specimen of Thrypticus paludicola Negro (1985 - as concinnus (Zett.)). It has also bov (see Jonassen 1988), since this had been recorded from AK. The 2MB has a also been captured at a similar location. number of specimens from a couple of lo These two species have previously been calities in HOI, Kvam (EIS 31). separated on the basis ofminor differences *Sciapus longulus (Fallen, 1823) in the genitalia, with the tip of the hypo VE, Tj0me: Mostranda, EIS 19, 10-20 phallus of intercedens split into «einen July 1985, 1 a; T0nsberg: Frodeasen, EIS schmalen, langen, dorsalen Forsatz und 19,19 July 1982, 2 ~~, all leg. A. Fjeldsa. einen kurzen zugespitzten ventralen For satz» (Negrobov 1972), while in paludi cola the hypophallus is said to have «2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS symmetrischen proximalen Spitzen» My sincere thanks go to Mrs. L. Greve Jensen (ibid.). I found the Norwegian specimens for sorting out the Dolichopodidae from the ofintercedens/paludicola to be rather am collections of 2MB, thus giving me the opp biguous on this point, with their genitalia ortunity to study and the permission to pu all seemingly exhibiting varying and tran blish the above material. sitional shapes in regards to the splitting of the «Forsatz». This observation, together with the fact that these specimens all have been captured at strikingly similar habi tats, lead me to argue that Thrypticus in tercedens Negrobov, 1967 and T. paludi REFERENCES cola Negrobov, 1972 are conspecific. As a Jonassen, T. 1985. Additions to the Norwegian consequence, T. paludicola will have to be fauna of Dolichopodidae (Dipt.). Fauna nory. sunk as a junior synonym of intercedens. Ser. B: 32, 97-99. Jonassen, T. 1988. Empidoidea (Dipt.) new to the Achalcus flavicollis (Meigen, 1824) Norwegian fauna. Fauna nory. Ser. B, 33: 71 First recorded from Norway by Jonassen 76. (1988), from AK and RY. The material Kloet, G. S. & Hincks, W. D. 1975. A check list of from 2MB included a female ofthis species British insects: Diptera. Siphonaptera. Handb. from VE, Tj0me: Mostranda, 'EIS 19, 20 ideM. Br. insects 11 (5), 1-139. July 1985, leg. A. Fjeldsa. Negrobov, O. P. 1972. 29, Dolichopodidae pp. Neurigona quadrifasciata Fabricius, 1781) 257-302. In: Lindner (Ed.): Die Fliegen der First recorded as Norwegian by Jonassen palaearktischen Region 4 (5). (1985), from ON. It has subsequently been Olejni~ek, J. 1984. Faunistic records from Cze choslovakia. Diptera: Dolichopodidae. Acta. found in AK. The 2MB material includes ent. bohemosloy., 81: 395-397. additional specimens from VE and AAY. 0kland, K. A. 1981. Inndeling av Norge til bruk Campsicmemus (Ectomus) alpinus (Haliday, ved biogeografiske oppgaver - et revidert 1833) Strandsystem. Fauna, Oslo 34, 167-178. Previously recorded from RI only (Jonas sen 1985). A single female is present in the Received 4 Jan. 1990. 106 The family Platystomatidae (Diptera) in Norway LITA GREVE Greve, L. 1990. The family Platystomatidae (Diptera) in Norway. Fauna norv. Ser. B, 37: 107-110. Platystomatidae is represented with two species, Platystoma seminationis (Fabricius, 1775) and Rivellia syngenesiae (Fabricius, 1781) in Norway. Platystoma seminationis is not previously recorded from the Scandinavian peninsula. The distribution of both species is mapped. Comment is given on the biology of Rivellia syngenesiae; there is a strong indication for association with Lotus sp. Lita Greve, Zoological Museum, University of Bergen Museplass 3, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. INTRODUCTION The Dipteran family Platystomatidae is clo Platystomatidae are medium to small-sized sely related to the Otitidae and the Tephriti flies. The head is always higher than long and dae. Approximately a thousand species of the wing usually have distinct patterns. Plastystomatidae have been described on a The wing pattern of-Re syngenesiae can be world-wide basis; the majority occurring in described,as follows: A distal dark spot which the tropics of the Old World (S06s, 1984). ends just below the media, two dark bands The fauna ofNW Europe comprises only a crossing the wings from the anterior margin few species, and hitherto only one species, and ends in the cubitus and a dark basal part Rivellia syngenesiae (Fabricius, 1781), has (Fig. 1-2). The pattern resembles somewhat been recorded from Norway. Another spe species of the family Otitidae. cies, Platystoma seminationis (Fabricius, P. seminationis has blackish wings with 1775) has been found in Finland (Hackman, rather small, white hyaline droplets spread 1980) and in Denmark (Lyneborg, 1964) and all over (Fig. 1-1). The wing pattern resemb is here recorded for the first time from the les somewhat the pattern in some genera of Scandinavian peninsula. the Tephritidae, but here the droplets are 2 Fauna norv. Ser. B 37: 107-110. Oslo 1990. 107 SYSTEMATIC LIST Platystoma seminationis (Fabricius, 1775) I if ~ q r'" f - BV, Gol: Engene EIS 44 200 m.a.s.l. 5-21 i \!>< •• July 1982 1 ~. This is the first record of P. seminationis on the Scandinavian peninsula. The specimen was taken in a Malaise trap. The locality is a flowering meadow near the farm Engene or Engjan south of Gol centre; there were many flowering Lychnis viscaria. Ranunculus acris, Silene dioica, Viola trico lor and Geranium sylvaticum, see Map. 1. Rivellia syngenesiae (Fabricius, 1781) Siebke (1877) recorded R. syngenesiae as Or taUs syngenesiae from two localities in Nor way, viz. in AK, Oslo: Hovind and MRY, Sm0la: Sm0la. These specimens had been caught in June-August. AK, 0201 Oslo: Hovind 27 June 1850 1 ~ (ZMO). HEN, 0429 Amot: Rena 17 July 1987 1 ~. BV, 0817 Gol: Brentlli 16 July 1985 1 0-; 0832 Rollag: Rollag 16 July 1985 10- I ~. YE, 0922 N0tter0Y: Ekenes 21 July 1982 I 0-; 0923 Tj0me: Kjrere 18 June 1965 1 0- I ~,Mostranda 22 July 198220-0- I ~,8 July 198321 0-0- 4 ~~, 30 June 198540-0- I ~,6 July 198580-0- 1 ~,Moutmarka south 8 July 198390-0- 3 ~~, 20 July 1983 140-0- 2 Map. 1. The distribution of Platystomatidae in ~~, Sunnane 5 July 198350-0- 1 ~,S0nste Norway given as EIS - squares. Rivellia syngene gard 9 July 1983 1 0-; 0296 Brunlanes: Brek siae - black circles, P~atystoma seminationis keseter 11 June 1988 1 ~, Pauler 29 June black square. 1986 1 0- 1 ~ (B. Borgersen p. c./ZMB); 0927 Hedrum: Gjennes 20 June 1986 1 0-. TEY, 1005 Porsgrunn: Porsgrunn 9 July 1982 1 ~; 1006 Skien: B0rsesj0 15 June 1981 1 speci men. AA Y, 1201 Ris0r: RiS0r 22 July 1983 1 0-; 1203 Arendal: Arendal 6 0-0- 2 ~~ usually larger. Aedagus is very long, at rest (ZMO). VAY, 1404 Flekkefjord: Hidra, spirally winded as in Otitidae. Seventh ter Osmundst0 Malaise trap 21 June-3 July gite in the female forms an ovipository she 19821 O-,Hidra, Ysthus 14July 198220-0-1 ath. ~,Gyland: Store EikAs 32V LK 703724 Ma This survey is based on all available mate laise trap 6-15 July 1982 1 ~. RY, 1603 rial in Norwegian museums. Material in some Stavanger: Forus 10-17 July 1985 1 ~; private collections is included as well. All 1641 Finn0Y: Kirk0Y 1 July 1986 I ~; 1642 material has been examined by the author. Rennes0Y: Vikevag 6 July 1983 2 0-0- (T. No Norwegian material is present in major Jonassen p.c./ZMB). RI, 1729 Forsand: Scandinavian collections like the University Songesand 28 July 1985 1 0-. HOY, 1801 museum in Copenhagen, Denmark and the Bergen: Korsnes, LeirvAg, 27 July 1980 1 ~, University museum in Lund, Sweden. ZMO = Kyrkjetangen25May 1980 1 ~,6June 1980 Zoological Museum, University of Oslo. If 5 0-0- 3 ~~, St. Milde 1 June 1980 8 0-0- 4 nothing else is noted, the material is deposi ~~, 19 June 1983 110-0- 6 ~~, Alv0en 32V ted in Zoological Museum, University of KM 901974 9 June 1985 1 0-; 1843 Os: Bergen. The distributional records follows 0s0yri 11 June 197060-0- 1 ~; 1847 Ask0Y: the revised Strand system (0kland, 1981). Hegreneset 22 June 1982 3 0-0- 1 ~; 1863 108 Lindas: Hodneli 12 June 1988 2 55 1 S? cies like Amphicarpa, Robinia, and Aphios. HOI, 1911 Etne: Holmseid 32V LN 215173 In Norway R. syngenesiae has often been Malaise trap 8 June 1985 12556 S?S?, v/ Au netted in or close to the Leguminosae genus streim 32V LM 300185 Malaise trap 27 June Lotus. The genus Lotus is represented in 19856553 S?S?; 1931 Ullensvang: Dj0nno Norwegian flora with tree species. Only L. 22 May 1984 1 5,5-26 June 1984151 S?: corniculatus L. is common in Norway, more 1032 Eidfjord: Simadalen near entrance to or less continuously distributed north to power station 10 August 1981 1 5; 1935 Troms province (Hulten, 1971). The two ot Voss: Mj0lfjell, Solbakken 670 m.a.s. 1 July her species are rare. Some material has been 1986.1 specimen, observed only. SFY, 2011 collected in flowering meadows - could Gulen: Brekke 1 July 19833553 S? S? Brek possible be near a stand of Lotus sp. kestranda 30 June 19837557 S?S?, Rutledal I have not observed larvae or pupae on 1 July 1983 1 5 2 S?S?; 2043 Eid: Starheim Lotus nodulae; actually I have not looked for 32V LP 2836933 July 19833557 S?S? SFI, them. But I think there are strong indications 2121 Aurland: Aurland 21 July 1981 1 5; ofR. syngenesiae being associated with Lotus 2122 Lrerdal: Lrerdals0yri 24 July 1981 3 55 sp. 4 S?S? MRY, 2273 Sm01a: Sm0la 8 August 1843 1 5 (ZMO). STI, 2501 Trondheim: Rotvo1l21 July 1987 1 S? The distribution of R. syngenesiae in Nor ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS way is mapped see Map. 1. The total material I wish to thank Leif Lyneborg, Copenhagen were 1655577 S?S? and 2 specimens from 43 and Roy Danielsson, Lund for information localities. There are many localities in sout on the distribution of Platystomatidae, and hern Norway, few records from central and Jan E. Raastad, Oslo for loan of material none from northern Norway. The northern border in Norway seems to be somewhere in from Zoological Museum, University of central Norway. Oslo. Bj0rnar Borgersen, 0stre Halsen, Terje Wahlgren (1919) recorded R. syngenesiae Jonassen, Sjernar0Y and Tore RandulffNiel north to Bohusliin and Viistergotland in Swe sen, Sandnes have kindly let me examine ma terial in their private collections. I also wish den. Later Ringdahl (1960) refers it from to thank Asle Bruserud, Brumunddal and Alf Skane only. Jacob Nilsen, Hidra for the Malaise trap ma For older Norwegian material no informa terial from Engene. I am grateful to Trond tion of collection methods is given. Recently Andersen for commenting upon the manusc collected material was mostly taken with in ript. sect nets. Some specimens have also been caught in Malaise traps. Most 10c'aIities are situated in the lowlands near the coast ofsouthern Norway. However, there are a few localities from inland areas REFERENCES like HEN Rena and BV Rollag. The highest Ardo, P. 1957. Studies in the Marine shore dune altitude was Solbakken; HOI Voss, Mj0lfjell ecosystem with special reference to the Dipte near 700 m.a.s. 1. rous fauna. Opusc. ent. Suppl. 14, 1-255. Foote, B. A. 1985. Biology of Rivellia pal/ida R. syngenesia is here probably at the limit (Diptera: Platystomatidae), a comsumer of the of its vertical distribution, as the species has Nitrogen-fixing root nodules of Amphicarpa not been collected in alpine or sub-alpine bracteata (Leguminosae). J. Kansas ent. Soc. regions in surveys during the last decades at 58,27-35. Hardangervidda, southern Norway or in the Hackman, W. 1980. A Checklist of the Finnish Dovre mountains, central Norway. Diptera. n. Cyclorrhapha. Notul. Ent. 60. Biotops varies from flowering meadows, 117-162. wet grass meadow, road sides, sea shores and Hulten, E. 1971. Atlas over vlixternas utbredning i also quarries. Ard0 (1951) records R. synge Norden. Generalstabens litografiska Anstalts Forlag, Stockholm, 1-531. nesiae from sand-dunes. In at least 10 locali Lyneborg, L. 1964. Danske acalyptrate fluer. 2. ties specimens has taken close to or in stands Psilidae, Platystomidae og Otitidae (Diptera). of Lotus sp.. Ent. Meddr. 32, 362-388. Foote (1985) records eight Nearctic Rivel Ringdah1, 0.1960. Flugfaunaen pa Kullaberg och lia species from different Leguminosae spe Hallands Vlidero. Kul/abergs Natur 2, 1-40. 109 Siebke, H. 1877. Enumeratio Insectorum Norvegi gen Cyclorapha. Andre gruppen Schizophora. corum Fasciculum IV. Catalogum Dipterorum Fam. 13-20. Svensk insektfauna, 225-322. Continentem. A. W. Br0gger, Christiania. 255 0kland, K. A. 1981. Inndeling av Norge tit bruk pp. ved biografiske oppgaver - et revidert strand So6s, A. 1984. Catalogue of Palearctic Diptera. system. Fauna, Oslo 34, 167-178. 10. Clusiidae-Chloropidae. EIsevier. Amster dam-Oxford-New York-Tykyo, 402 pp. Received 15 March 1990. Wahlgren, E. 1919. Diptera. Andra underordnin 110 Somatochlora flavomaculata (Van der Linden, 1825) (Odonata, Corduliidae) a new species to Norway HANS OLSVIK Olsvik,..H. 1990. Somatochlora flavomaculata (Van der Linden, 1825) (Odonata, Cordu111dae) a new species to Norway. Fauna norv. Ser. B, 37: 111-112. Somatochlora flavomaculata was recorded in Norway twice in 1989' on June 23 at Kjennertjernet, ~ak~estad in 0stland county and July 26 at Ho1etjern, Ski in Akershus county. The speCIes IS new to the Norwegian fauna. Hans Olsvik, Bru, N-1404 Siggerud, Norway. INTRODUCTION In Scandinavia Somatochloraflavomaculata ging from other Norwegian species both in is recorded only from Sweden, where it has colour, shape and behaviour. After several two distribution areas, one in the southern unsuccessful attemps to catch the specimen, part of the country, north to the G6teborg all the details needed for the identification district at the western coast and north to had been discovered, like yellow spots on the Stockholm including Gland and Gotland at thorax and abdomen. This showed that the the eastern coast. The other area is situated in specimen was a male of S. flavomaculata. Norrbotten near the Finnish border (Sand The second record was made on July 26 hall 1987). The species seems to be missing 1989 at Holetjern in Ski (Akershus (AK): between these two distribution areas. Accor EIS 28, UTM 32V PM 073 299, ca. 130 m ding to Sahlen's (1985) distribution maps the a.s.l.). Here a Somatochlora sp. was observed species may be found north to the south-eas hunting over the reed-bed, with a behaviour tern coast of the lake Viinern. The distance quite diverging from the other Somatochlo between this area and the Norwegian border ra's at the locality. The same or a second is less than 150 kilometers. Some of the rivers specimen was caught about 30 minutes later. running into Viinern have parts of their drai This was a S. flavomaculata male, the first nage area in southeastern Norway, and Norwegian proof of the species, now preser S0mme (1937) supposed that S. flavomac ved in the author's collection. ' ulata one day would be discovered in this part of Norway also. S0mme himself did not find the species, despite quite intensive in DESCRIPTION AND BIOLOGY vestigations. Tj0nneland (1952) drew atten tion to the fact that The Royal Norwegian S. flavomaculata belongs to the family Cor Museum of Sciences and Letters in Trond duliidae, a group of green metallic medium heim possessed a specimen of S. flavomac sized dragonflies, counting one species of the ulata labelled «?Lyngdal C. D.» (in Aust-Ag genus Cordulia and three Somatochlora spe der), but he did not consider the species as cies previously recorded in Norway. S. flav Norwegian, because no journal was found omaculata can easily be recognized by the which could explain C. Dons' questionmark. yellow spots laterally on the abdomen. The spots are larger and better visible in the fe male than in the male, in older males the spots can be so small and inconspicuous that THE RECORDS determination without having the specimen On June 23 1989 the author visited Kjenner in the hand or in close view is difficult. tjernet in Rakkestad (0stfold (0): EIS 20, Concerning the biology, Askew (1988) UTM 32V PL 306 833, 118 m a.s.l.). Here a writes: «Found near small ponds, marshes, corduliid dragonfly was discovered, diver- boggy meadows, dikes and ditches, usually at Fauna no,v. Se,. B 37: 111-112. Oslo 1990. 111 served here were males, and they were both rather worn. The Rakkestad specimen had also, while flying, the distinctive sound of a ---.jt--!"~:j.--:-+~T"- dragonfly with worn wings. This may indi cate that they had flown quite a distance or that they were relatively old specimens. The weather was warm and nice in Scandinavia for long periods in June 1989, and southern and southwestern winds predominated in this period. The habitats which S. flavomaculata prefers are in such cases exposed to water level reduction, which may possibly release a • migration instinct. This may indicate that these specimens were migrators. The distance to the nearest record of the species in Sweden is less than 200 kilometers, which is only a small distance for a dragonfly on migration. Although there are no evidence or documen tation of migratory activity by S. flavomac ulata in the literature read by the author, such a behaviour can not be overlooked. No new information which can explain C. Dons' questionmark concerning the record in Lyngdal has turned up. Though Dons collec ted some dragonflies in Lyngdal between 1916 and 1920, the record must still be re garded as too uncertain. Before further records are made, S. flav omaculata must probably be looked upon as a migratory guest species, so far not established in Norway. Fig. 1. The distribution of Somatochlora flav omaculata in Norway. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS low altitude and often in rich, cultivated I wish to thank Ove Bergersen for valuable land. S. flavomaculata seldom flies over open field assistance and Oddvar Hanssen for in water, frequenting instead reed-beds and formation about the collection of the Mu rank vegetation in ditches and woodland rid seum in Trondheim. ges and clearings. Its flight is less rapid than of other species ofSomatochlora». The males of the two most common green metallic dra gonfly species in southeastern Norway fly REFERENCES almost entirely along the margins of lakes, Askew, R. R. 1988. The Dragonflies of Europe. tarns, canals and slow-flowing water courses. Colchester. 291 pp. A Somatochlora flying and patrolling over Sah1en, G. 1985. Sveriges trollsliindor. Sollen the vegetation in the surroundings of a pond tuna. 151 pp. or a tarn, not over the open water, at lowland Sandhall, A. 1987. Trollsliindor i Europa. Stock sites in southeastern Norway, may therefore holm. 251 pp. be a S. flavomaculata. S0mme, S. 1937. Zoogeographische Studien iiber Norwegische Odonaten. Contribution to the biology of Norwegian fish food animals, No. 3. A vh. norske Viden. Akad. No. 12. Oslo. DISCUSSION Tj0nne1and, A. 1952. A Contribution to the Zoo geography of Norwegian Dragonflies. Univ. Whether S. flavomaculata is a species bree Bergen Arbok 1952, Naturviten. rekke Nr. 15. ding in Norway or just a migrator, is still an open question, because both specimens ob Received 29 Dec. 1989 112 GUIDE TO AUTHORS. Nomenclature. The first time a binomen is used in the text the name of its author shoul be included. FAUNA NORVEGICA Ser. B publishes papers in Author names should be written in full, except. L. English, occasionally in Norwegian, with an ex for Linneaus. Dates can be included when consi tensive English abstract. When preparing manu dered necessary, Le. Rhyacophila nubila (Zetter scripts for submission, authors should consult cur stedt, 1840). rent copies of Fauna norvegica and follow its style as closely as possible. Manuscript not conferring to the guide to authors will be returned for re References. In the text: Black (1979), Black & Blue vision. 0973: I00), or «as noted by Green (1978) and Black (I 979h>. Multiple references should be given in chro Manuscripts should be submitted to the Editor nological order, i.e. (Black & Blue 1973, Green 1976, in-Chief. Send two copies. Separate sheets should 1979, Black 1978). be used for the following: I) Title page, with List of references are to be unnumbered and in inter author's name. 2) An abstract, with the name and national alphabetical order (i.e. A= AA, }E and full postal address of the author underneath. 3) A =Ae, (() and 6 =De). Titles of journals should be Tables with their headings. 4) Legends to figures. abbreviated according to the World List of Scientific Dates should be referred to as 10-20 Aug. 1970. Periodicals. Do not refer to papers «in prep.» among Underline all generic and species names. Ap the references. proximate position offigures and tables in the text should be indicated in the margin. All Acknow Examples: ledgements should be given under a single heading Journal: in the end of the text, immediately before the L0ken,A. 1962. Social wasps in Norway (Hymenop references. tera, Vespidae). Norskent, Tidsskr. 12: 191-218. Book, Figures and Tables. Send two copies. All illustra Mayr, E. 1913. 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FAUNA NORVEGICA Serie A, B, C utkommer Med tilsammen 5 hefter i lepet av en Argang. For at heftene skal komme inn under Postverkets elsene som star oppf0rt i Abstract til hver artikkel og regler for billig serie-utsendelse, forlanges det at pa s Fauna norv. Ser. B hefte 2 1990 Ande.sen, T., Ligaard, S. & S01i, G. E. E.: Faunistical records .:If caddis flies (Trichoptera) from Telemark, SE Norway 0 ••••••••••••••• 0 ••• 0 49 Andersen, T. & Hansen, L. 0.: Caddis flies (Trichoptera) from five small islands in the middle Oslofjord, SE Norway 0 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 0 •• 0 • 0 •• 57 Solcm, J. 0., Kauri, Ho & Straumfors, Po: Tabanidae (Diptera) community in a very little exploited northern boreal forest at H0ylandet, N Tr0ndelag, Norway. 0 • 0 ••••••••••• 0 • • •• 63 Jensen, J. W.: Diversity of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera in Norway relative to size and qualities of cachment area 0 • 0 •• 0 0 •• 0 • 0 • 0 •••• 0 67 Gislasol1, G. M., Halbach, Uo & Flechtner, G.: Habitat and life histories of the Trichoptera in Thjorsarver, Central highlands of Iceland 0 • 0 • 0 • 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 83 Bongaard, T.: Key to the Fennoscandian larvae of Arctopshychidae and Hydn'psychidae (Trichoptera) ...... 91 Falck, M. & Greve, L.: Records ofStratiomyidae (Diptera) from South-Eastern Norway, with some notes on the species 0 •• 0 ••• 0 •• 0 ••• 0 •••••••••• 0 ••• 0 • • • • • • • • • •• 101 Jonassen, T.: Notes on Norwegian Dolichopodidae (Dip!.) 0 0.000.0.000 •••••••••••••• 105 Greve, L.: The family Platystomatidae (Diptera) in Norway 0 • 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 107 Olsvik, H.: SomalOchloraflavomaculata (Vander Linden, 1825) (Odonata, Corduliidae) a new species to Norway . 0 •• 0 0 0 • 0 • 0 0 • 0 0 • 0 • 0 • 0 0 ••••••• 0 ••• 0 • 0 • 0 • 0 ••••••••••• 0 •• I 11 \' - ~