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Proceedings of the International History Seminar on Irrigation and Drainage

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Proceedings of the International History Seminar on Irrigation and Drainage Proceedings of the International History Seminar on Irrigation and Drainage 2 – 5 May 2007 Tehran, Iran Organized by: 0Iranian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage (IRNCID) 0International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) i Organized by: Proceedings of Papers International History Seminar on Irrigation and Drainage ii Note: The Seminar organizers accept no responsibility for the Statements made, opinions expressed and maps included in the papers presented in the Seminar. 2007 ISBN: 964-6668-66-6 iii International History Seminar on Irrigation and Drainage Tehran, May 2-5, 2007 Preface Water scarcity, as well as, insufficient precipitation in our country has made the responsible Iranians challenge the technical, institutional, environmental, and social issues to establish sustainable water and irrigation development and management in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran. Indeed, the history of water supply, irrigation, and drainage in Iran reveals how the relevant structures have played their important roles in forming, flourishing and development of civilizations. There are over 30,000 ancient Qanats, as well as, thousands of water structures such as weirs, benchings, bed groins, water reservoirs, water-mills, traditional baths, many of which are still under operation. Water and Irrigation Techniques of Iranian in ancient time and the relevant services to the nation are admirable. Analyzing their experiences,we realize how the civilization of ancient Iran affected on the civilization of the other nations and on the modern sciences & technologies. Of course, we shouldn’t expect the old and new ideas to be the same, as the basis of modern sciences and technology lies on broad and extensive investigations and experiences of all the developed nations during the recent centuries. Comparing the old sciences with the new ones, we respect and are proud of our ancestors, because they solved their difficulties without having the present facilities and equipment. Considering historical water civilization, Iranian National Committee on Irrigation & Drainage (IRNCID) has proposed that the International History Seminar on Irrigation and Drainage (IHSID) be held in Tehran, in May 2007 as an opportunity to get the honorable participants acquainted with the Iranian initiatives and capabilities on hydrology, irrigation & drainage sciences & technology, as well as, to exchange experiences among the other countries. Simultaneous with IHSID, the 4th Asian Regional Conference & The 10th International Seminar on Participatory Irrigation Management shall be held in Tehran, during 2-5 May, 2007. IRNCID appreciates all the researchers, experts and professionals for their priceless scientific contributions, enriching the Conference/ Seminar. Dr. R. Zargar Deputy Minister for Water Affairs, and Seminar Organizing Committee, Chairman iv Introduction Development and management of water in arid and semi-arid environment is very delicate. Without due considerations to environmental and social factors, the system developed often result in environmental degradations, particularly salinization and social turmoil. Arid countries and regions, like Iran, have accumulated wisdom and knowledge on how these complicated problems should be tackled. In the seminar, the accumulated knowledge and wisdom, based on the lessons learned from failures and mistakes, will be introduced, and approaches of establishing sustainable water development and management in arid and semi-arid regions will be discussed. Scarcity of Water resources in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world made the human-beings do their best to innovate, to find out optimum methods, to fulfill their goals of water supply and to satisfy the water demand. They were not equipped with the modern hardware and software; however, their initiatives are still noteworthy after passing so many centuries. Study and research on “Technical Issues”, “Institutional Issues”, “Environmental Issues”, & “Social Issues” will still be useful and effective. Hence, the chosen seminar main topic is: “Lessons to Learn from the Historical Development and Management of Water in Arid and Semi-arid Regions” to enrich and exchange our experiences and view-points by gaining the knowledge of such lessons from various countries located in the arid and semi-arid regions. v Seminar Organizing Committee Dr. Rasoul Zargar Deputy Minister For Water Affairs, Ministry of Energy of the I.R. of Iran Chairman, IRNCID Mr. Seyyd Assadollah Assadollahi Mr. Mohammad Kiafar Secretary General, IRNCID Managing Director, Mahab Ghodss Consulting Engineering Co. Dr. Saeed Nairizi Dr. Seyyed Jafar Hejazi ICID Hon., Vice President Managing Director, Khuzestan Water & Managing Director, Toos-AB Consulting Power Authority Engineering Co. Dr. Karim Shiati Vice President, ICID Mr. Rahim Sajadi Chairman, ICID Asian Regional Working Senior Expert, Ministry of Jahad-e- Group and Yekom Consulting Agriculture Engineering Co. Dr. Hassan Rahimi Mr. Mehrzad Ehsani Tehran University Professor Secretary, IRNCID/Seminar Irrigation and Drainage Department Mr. Oskouei Mr. Ali Ebrahimzadeh Manager, Public Relations, Iran Water Conference Executive Coordinator Resources Management Co. Mr. Ali Ghasemi Irrigation and Drainage Expert vii Seminar Scientific Committee Dr. Kamran Emami Chairman, IRNCID Working Group on Comprehensive Approaches to flood Management, and Managing Director, Kuritkara Consulting Engineering Co. Email:[email protected] Iran Mr. Ahmad Alyasein Managing Director, Papila Consulting Engineering Co. Iran Dr. Nader Karimian Sardashti Member, IRNCID Working Group on History of Irrigation and Drainage Iran Mr. Naser Shayan Chairman, IRNCID Working Group on History of Irrigation and Drainage General Manager, Water Museum Iran Mr. Mehrzad Ehsani Secretary, IRNCID/Seminar Email: [email protected] Iran Mr. Mahmood Meschi IRNCID, Member Email: [email protected] Iran viii Contents International History Seminar on Irrigation and Drainage Traditional Wisdom in Water Management-A Case Study of Daulatabad Fort 1 (India) Pradeep Bhalge, Mrs. Charu Bhavsar (India) Some Incomparable Aspects of Irrigation Art in Ancient Iran 11 Bijan Farhangi (Iran) Traditional Way of Participatory Irrigation Management for Sustainable 25 Development Mrs. Charu Bhavsar, Pradeep Bhalge (India) Institutional Arrangement and Water Rights in Aflaj System in the Sultanate 31 of Oman Ahmed Salim Al-Marshudi (Oman) Historical Analysis of Irrigation and Environment in Two Arid Regions in 43 South America Maurits Ertsen and Joanne Van Der Spek (the Netherlands) Qanat: Iranian’s Most Remarkable Ancient Irrigation System 55 Omid Esfandiari (Iran) Evaluation of Historical Water Works in Turkey from Hydraulic Engineering 63 Point of View Akif Ozkaldi, Huseyin Akbas, Koksal B. Celik (Turkey) Traditional Water Management; an Inspiration for Sustainable Irrigated 73 Agriculture in Central Iran Majid Labbaf Khaneiki (Iran) Khazana Bawali – Historical Wisdom Needing Protection 85 Narendra Chapalgaonkar (India) The Indigenous Knowledge of Isfahan Peasants in the Exploitation, Storage 91 and Increasing the Productivity of Agricultural Water Siamak Shahabi (Iran) Irrigation Systems in Vijaynagar Empire Times and Irrigation Structures in 109 the Old Mysore State B. S. Bhavanishankar (India) Dams of the Ancient City of Istakhr 121 M.J. Malekzadeh (Iran) Traditional Irrigation Tanks in NANDED District (India) 135 Prof. U. D. Kulkarni and Mandar Mahajan (India) ix Traditional Water Management in the Semi-Arid Areas of Central Himalaya 147 Maheshwar P. Joshi (India) Irrigation and Dam History in Sistan 155 Iraj Afshar (Sistani) (Iran) A Glance at Historical Qanats in Iran With an Emphasis on Vazvan Qanat in 165 Isfahan Ghorbani B. (Iran) Irrigation Tanks and Their Traditional Local Management: A Remarkable 173 Ancient History of India Conjeevaram Ramalinga Shanmugham and Arumugam Gurunathan (India) Ancient Wisdom in Development and Management of Irrigation Tanks 183 Palaniappan Gomathinayagam and Mariappan Ratnavel (India) Water Supplying Management in Shiraz During the 12th Century (A.H.) 197 Amir Hosein Hekmatnia (Iran) Assesment of Shushtar River Ghanats 205 Fatemeh. Zaker Hosseini, Samaneh. Abdoveis, Maryam. Cheraghi (Iran) Ancient Water and Soil Conservation Ecosystems of Sri Lanka 215 D L O Mendis (Sri Lanka) A Seven Century Old Channel in Azarbaijan 239 Navid Basseri, Kaveh Bijad , Farid Ghassemlou (Iran) Traditional Wisdom in Medieval Water Management of Aurangabad City 247 P. A. Sadgir, R. S. Morvanchikar, A. V. Ithape (India) Rehabilitation of Ancient Diversion Dams of Kor River in Fars Province, 255 Iran Masomeh Zand , Farshid Morshedi , Mahmud Javan (Iran) Management of Water Sources and Traditional Devices for Supply of 263 Suitable Water in the Qeshm Island (Hormozgan) Daryoush Janakipour (Iran) The Social Importance and Continuity of FALAJ Use in Northern Oman 277 Zaher bin Khalid Al Sulaimani, Tariq Helmi, Harriet Nash (Oman) Qanat's Environmental Impact Assessment in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas 295 Pantea Rahbari, Mohammad Afsharasl (Iran) x Renovation and Rehabilitation of Ancient Bahman Weir in Fars, Iran 305 Farshid Morshedi, Shahab Daneshvar (Iran) A Historical Review on the Qanats and Historic Hydraulic Structures of Iran 311 since the First Millennium B.C. Ali Asghar Semsar Yazdi, Samira Askarzadeh (Iran) Use of Qanat Water for Irrigation of Inside Home Landscape in Kouhpayeh 323 Region in Central Iran Dr. Jahangir Abedi-Koupai, Mr. Saeid Abedi-Koupai (Iran) Water-Mills and
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