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Nincs Diacím Taxi service combine advantages of individual car and public transportation – belong to public passenger transportation most personalized, most convenient, but most expensive temporal and spatial availability is limited – pre-order is required in most cases efficient coordination of demands and capacities supplementary services of PT, car motivations of travel by taxi • to airport • no parking opportunities • to unknown locations (e.g. tourists) • with huge/many luggage • at night (e.g. no satisfying night service) • after alcohol drinking • elderly, disabled people taxi services are in cities with more than 10-15.000 citizens 1 taxi / 400-500 citizens; 1 bus / 1000 citizens comparison of transportation modes taxi car PT bike individual individuality without the comfort of individual public individual own vehcile anybody with anybody with scope of users anybody anybody own vehicle own vehicle convenient +++ ++ + x volume of price xxx xx + ++ fix changable fix scale of price based on distance and based on distance, - according to fuel price time time or trip traffic sensibility x xxx x + (except track based PT) nearly point-to- directness point-to-point egress walking point-to-point point location of get on/off nearly anywhere parking places stop/station nearly anywhere spatial fixity of routes roads roads fix cyclable roads average distance in 10 km 17 km 8-13 km 3 km urban area* waiting time x + xxx + timetable no no fix no 6-22 temporal temporal operational time 0-24 0-24 0-24 (+ night service) * in case of Budapest, data in 2012 centralized – decentralized types of taxi services • company with cars (e.g. Green Taxi) • company without cars – private car (e.g. Főtaxi) • private taxi (private chauffeur with own car) well-regulated – barely regulated official brand, similar service level, specification of vehicle, form of payment tariff system types of taxi services • fix official price (e.g. Budapest) company private car not-private • maximum price (e.g. Győr) private car car • not-controlled repair/ chauffeur chauffeur company controlling maintanence national, national, municipal regulations • authorities (e.g. tax office) municipal + company regulations • transportation organization (e.g. BKK) engine electronic vehicles is ideal for taxi • no environmental pollution • combustion engine, (hibrid) • less maintenance • full-electric • cheaper fuel cost • time between task is enough for charging – fix fast charging point for taxis in taxi stations Situation in Budapest 12 taxi company + hundreds private taxi = cca. 4500 • biggest: Főtaxi (cca 1000 car) • with only electric (65 car) well regulated from 2013 September • same appearance - yellow car • strict specification of vehicles company without cars – private car (e.g. Főtaxi) • age (not older than 10 years) • air-condition, no smoking • minimum size of boot • fix price • base fare: 450 HUF • time-base fare unit: 70 HUF (if speed is less than 15 km/h) • distance-base fare unit: 280 HUF airport – city center • payment options: taxi: 6500 HUF company with cars (e.g. Green Taxi) PT: 700 HUF • cash • credit card • application (in case of several taxi companies) • controlling authority: BKK (e.g. fill out authority for driver, controlling provided service level, handling passenger feedbacks) official taxi company from/to airport (Főtaxi) private taxi (private chauffeur with own car) Information management 5. Information phasis 1. Demand 2. Approaching 4. Information 3. Route planning management par- management origin about arriving 6. Fare calculation 7. Task completion 8. Statistics ticipants during travel ) s t i n Receiving destination, Individual route n r u o i u d t (Automatic) r reporting occupancy planning a e a Calculating the g f i o information about information about f v b a price (with u n n o delay, traffic task completion a h , Route planning with t taximetre) i h m Origin information, Information about w situation e ( C dispatcher Location information t s accepting the task traffic situation y s supporting t n e m r g e Recording Information about Tracking vehicle, n g e i a ) o h t occupancy traffic situation e n r (automatic) r c p a a t Receiving p w u m a information about Creating statistics t s f Receiving travel data, information p o n h s Operative planning, Information about traffic Tracking vehicle, t s traffic situation, i o i i (automatic) demand- w t ( Information to situation, ideal route (automated) notification D a capacity assignment, route advice m passenger advice to passenger r providing information o f n i ) e Announcing r n e o h destination g p t n r Receiving a e Paying m s Phoning dispatcher s information s Receiving h t a announcing travel data, i P modifications, Receiving notification w ( receiving information about waiting time cancelling travel f o r getting out s getting on e t in case of travelling g n c i n e s e hailing a m s b s e a v p o getting on getting out in case of ordering waiting travelling m ordering Legend: action of participants in case of Haling or getting on a taxi in a station or Ordering a taxi via phone or application direction of communication in case of hailing or getting on a taxi in a station or in case of ordering a taxi demand request: • hailing or getting on a taxi in a station • ordering a taxi via phone (voice based – dispatcher needed) or via application, internet human dispatchers with machine support → automatized demand-capacity assignment payment: cash, card → via application (virtual) Ride-sourcing • automated demand-capacity assignment • no human dispatcher • ordering, information provision, payment: via application • dynamic tariff system (considering demand) • chauffeurs with private car • no regulation (insurance issues, responsibility, complaining) • feedback – driver/passenger rating • personalization (type of car – e.g. SUV, wheelchair accessible) • registration (e.g. credit card data) shared ride-sourcing (e.g. uberPOOL) (↔ collective taxi) taxi vs. ride-sourcing → forbidding or competition different service levels enhancing service level of taxi (e.g. similar mobile application) Functions Főtaxi Budapest Taxi GreenTaxi Uber Lyft Analysis of 1.1. Online ordering possibility Web/mobile app mobile app web/mobilie app Web/mobile app mobile app 1.2. Language options HU/EN/GE HU/EN HU EN/Local language EN/Local language mobile 1.3. Availability Budapest Budapest Budapest Global Global 1. General applications 1.5. Customization ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 1.6. Feedback options ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 1.7. Help ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 2.1. Navigation among the ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ functions 2.2. Advanced map interface ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 2. Visual display 2.3. Displays vehicles on map ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ development 2.4. Dynamic display of availability ✓ opportunities: 2.5. Photo of vehicle ✓ ✓ Car brand, type, Car brand, type, Car brand, type, Car brand, type, 3.1. Vehicle information plate number • voice commands, plate number plate number plate number plate number 3. Textual 3.2. Dynamic information Calculated arrival time, calculated fee display Driver rating, 3.3. Additional information Driver rating Driver rating Driver rating • adding regular travel vehicle cleanliness options 4.1. Enter starting point Automatically with GPS, map, text 4.2. Enter arrival point Text text text, map Text text, map • calendar notification 4.3. Departure time adjustability ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ animal transport, number of 4.4. Order parameters • personalization (e.g. air-condition passengers ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 4. Before travel 4.5. Optional vehicle category wheelchair, number 4.7. Navigation to starting point ✓ of passenger, animal) (in ride-sharing mode) 4.8. Tracking of arriving vehicle ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 4.9. Notify on vehicle arrival Text message • modification of Application or 4.10. Order cancellation only phone Application Application Application destination during phone 5.1. Sending destination ✓ ✓ travel automatically to driver 5.2. Displays vehicle on map ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ • automatic/combined 5.3. Sharing arrival time ✓ ✓ Base fee, Base fee, Base fee, Base fee, Base fee, payment kilometre/ kilometre/ 5.4. Calculation of fares kilometre/ kilometre/ kilometre/ minute fee, minute fee, minute fee minute fee minute fee 5. During travel cancellation fee cancellation fee 5.5. Discounts ✓ ✓ 5.6. Application of variable fees ✓ ✓ Cash, credit card, Cash, credit card, Cash, credit card, 5.7. Payment options taxi card, app app taxi card, app taxi card, app voucher, app 5.9. Built-in fare calculator ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 6.1. Save travel information ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 6. 6.2. Driver rating possibility ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Source: Szilárd Sziget: Autonóm járművekkel After travel 6.3. Vehicle rating possibility ✓ történő közforgalmú közlekedés üzemeltetési 6.4. Passenger rating possibility ✓ ✓ modellje, TDK, 2016 Future opportunities integrated application for taxis (not-company separated) → for all transportation modes electric taxis Ride-sourcing (taxi) instead of PT, DRT • in case of small demands, PT is not efficient • non-peak hour, at night • low availability of PT, low-density areas • reduced passenger fare + government subsidy • especially in USA • disadvantage: • without smart phone the service is unavailable • more expensive than conventional PT for user Autonomous taxi, ride-sourcing • pilot programs: Singapore, Pittsburgh-San Francisco (UBER) Merged transportation modes (TS-DRT) Merged transportation modes (TS-DRT) Elszállított utasmennyiség y n a m Conventional transportation Telematic-based Shared Hagyományos Demand Responsive közforgalmú Transportation (TS-DRT) közlekedés w DRT Car- Chauffeur Ride - e f pooling Car-
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