Annual Report 2003-2004 Laser Applications

Annual Report

2003-2004

Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission

PAEC Annual Report for the year 2003-2004, prepared as a statutory requirement under the provisions of section 15(b) of PAEC Ordinance 1965, aims to compile a concise description of Commission's activities undertaken and accomplished during this period.

While congratulating all the scientists, engineers, technicians, administration and financial personnel on their brilliant performance in their respective fields, the Commission places on record their valuable services with admiration and pride.

(Dr. KhwajaTaldram) Secretary Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Islamabad

Highlights 1

Nuclear Power 5

Physical Sciences & Engineering 11

Bio-Sciences 23

Nuclear Minerals 41

Safety 46

Human Resource Development 49

Projects 51

International Relations 53

Finance 55

Publications 57

HIGHLIGHTS

NUCLEAR POWER

KANUPP was shutdown on Decem- ber 5, 2002 after completion of the nominal design life of 30 years to fulfill regulatory requirements for re- licensing. On completion of the regulatory requirement, PNRA issued a special license to KANUPP for restarting ofthe reactor.

KANUPP was restarted on January 22, 2004 at 22:15 hrs with a new lease of life. During the period of January 22, 2004 to June 30, 2004 the plant operated at an average load of about 30 MWe. Gross electricity generated was 78.35 GWh with availability factor and gross capacity factor of 70.52% and 14.49% respectively. The cumulative gross generation since NPD was raised to 10,831.52 GWh. Reactor Power Regulation Console at KANUPP CHASNUPP operated safely and generated a total of 1682 GWh of electrical energy from July 2003 to June 2004 of which 1558 GWh was Complex entered into a Memo- meters for PARR-1. Work for the exported to WAPDA. The total on line randum of Understanding (MOU) for development of nuclear reactor time of the Turbine-Generator was joint technical activities, aimed at control system has been initiated 5569 hours thus raising the on line continued safe operation of KANUPP. including classical control, conven- time of Turbine-Generator to 22953 INUP continued to provide requisite tional state feedback control, optimal hours since connection to grid. The technical support to Chashma control and state feedback assisted average plant capacity and avail- Nuclear Power Plant in In-Core fuel classical control. ability factors were 59.14% and Management, Operational Core 63.40% respectively. analysis and Safety Analysis and Plasma Physics participated in the second Refueling ASAG continued its contribution in Outage (RFO) of CHASNUPP. A theory has been developed to planning of the C-2 project. In this describe the time evolution of non- regard two major activities were: (i) equilibrium incompressible plasma to preparation and submission of the NUCLEAR SCIENCE & understand the mechanism of mag- final PC-1 ofthe project in April 2004. TECHNOLOGY netic field generation taking into After various rounds of negotiations account the dynamics of both elec- with Chinese organizations, plant Reactor Operation trons and ions. The theory has been cost, fuel cost and financial package applied to laser induced plasmas and forthe C-2 project were finalized. The During the period under report the estimate of B-field turns out to be final PC-1 was prepared based on PARR-1 was operated for 550 hours in agreement with the experimental these costs and financial terms, (ii) including 23 continuous operations of observations. preparation ofthe feasibility report of 12 hours duration each at full power. the C-2 Project for the EXIM Bank of 560 capsules containing different Neutron and X-Ray China. The project was approved by samples were irradiated. PARR-2 the ECNEC in July 2004. was operated for 143 hours irradi- Diffraction ating 1242 samples. INUP continued work on analytical The IAEA TC project PAK/4/044 has been successfully completed. Under engineering studies related to the Reactor Experiments Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs). this project, a small angle neutron scattering instrument has been In addition, Institute for Nuclear Experimentation has been started to Power and Karachi Nuclear Power designed, developed and installed at measure the reactor kinetic para- beam tube No. 5 at PARR-1.

1 Annual Report 2003-2004 Laser Applications

One hundred and fifty (150) units of Laser land leveler (LLL) were assembled and handed over to different public organizations and private farmers. Two-step laser spectroscopy of Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury was performed using the Nd: Yag laser as a pump for dye laser.

Radioisotope & Radiophar- maceutical Cold Kits Production

Regular supply of sodium iodide (131l) consisting of 458 consignments (94750 mCi) worth Rs. 5146100 was dispatched to different nuclear medical centres in Pakistan. 9 consignments of sodium phosphate ("P, 75 Small Angle Neutron Scattering instrument installed for defect studies of materials mCi), worth Rs. 118000 and 4 consignments of MIBG-111I (19.5 mCi) worth Rs. 30400 were also supplied process and laboratory automation Mustard canola, being the first ever, to nuclear medical centers. has been developed. mutant variety of mustard developed in Pakistan is canola quality and has Total supply of radioactive products This module offers, 8 single ended the potential to replace the non- was 94845 mCi, worth Rs. 53,04,500, analogue inputs of 0 to 10V, unipolar canola indigenous varieties. whereas supply on complimentary & bipolar input range, 8-bit resolution, basis was 1885 mCi, worth Rs. four digital inputs/outputs, one For Integrated Pest Management of 24,00,500. 9154 vials of eleven analogue output, +12V,-12Vand+5V various crops, efforts were made to different cold kits worth Rs. 56,51,600 on board. lower the losses by carrying out were also supplied. studies to eradicate cotton pests, AGRICULTURE & sugarcane borers, rice borers, fruit Applied Health Physics flies and other economically impor- BIOLOGY tant insects. Technical improvements were suggested for safe packaging and Development of new varieties Detailed surveys and experiments disposal of radioactive waste from through mutation breeding for crop were carried out to find out causes of various places of 131l plant. improvement was given top priority at wheat, oil seed and ricé crops all research centers. pathologies, while Induced Systemic Personnel radiation contamination Resistance was also tried for certain monitoring services were provided on For Bhittai, a new high yielding, crops. about 16,463 occasions to different disease resistant wheat variety radiation workers, trainees and developed by NIA, trials were Plant physiology and salt tolerance visitors at PARR-1, PARR-2, NCD, conducted at farmer's fields. The studies continued involving screen- and IPD. proposal for its release has been ing of salt tolerance varieties in rice, prepared for submission to the wheat and sunflower. Under salinity About 16,010 radiation/contamina- Technical Sub-Committee for the and environmental management, tion surveys were conducted in Approval of Varieties and Tech- various crops were screened and different labs./plants of PINSTECH. niques, Government of Sindh. A can- some income generating activities 8,628 smear samples, 400 air sam- didate high yielding variety "Khirman" were devised for farmers. ples and 162 water samples were after evaluation in NUWYT, is being also collected from the halls of PARR- tested on progressive farmer's fields Food, feed irradiation, Pos* harvest 1, PARR-2 and labs, of IPD etc. as well. treatments and development of seedless kinnow were the major Computers Mustard variety "NIFA-Mustard areas of study under food crops. Canola" was approved by the NWFP Availability of N to rice, tillage A general-purpose interface module Provincial Seed Council for commer- practices, P-application methods, for data acquisition and control cial cultivation in the rain fed & Rhizobiology were the topics studied through parallel port for industrial irrigated areas of NWFP. The NIFA- for plant nutrition and soil biology.

2 Annual Report 2003-2004 - Under animal health and reproduc- related applications of nuclear Major activities ha 'e been pros- tion, 8000 vials of NIAB-HS-vaccine technology are of paramount impor- pection and exploration for uranium and 1000 vials of NIAB-ND-Vaccine tance. PAEC has established 13 alongwith minor activity of fluorite were prepared and sold to local centers (including INOR Abbottabad exploration. Prospection work has markets. A new vaccine has also recently inaugurated in May, 2004) so been done in Kohat Plateau, Rustam, been sold in the market for the far, which are providing latest and Mardan, Darband, Hazara Granitic Hydropericardium Syndrome of state of the art facilities for the dia- Complex, etc whereas detailed poultry. gnosis and treatment of various exploration has been undertaken at diseases including cancer. During Shanawah depositsite. 2003-2004, 192,000 patients were BIOTECHNOLOGY & diagnosed by the Nuclear Medicine Detailed exploratory drilling was GENETIC Departments using short lived started at Shanawah site of Bannu isotopes, obtaining planer, SPECT Basin in the 4th quarter to estimate ENGINEERING and whole-body images of the reserves in the RAR category. diseased organs using gamma Manchar Formation in the Kirthar Six Divisions of NIBGE, namely Plant cameras. Where as treatment was Range was studied in geological Biotechnology Biofertilizers, Indus- provided to more than 135,000 detail to understand the nature of trial Biotechnology, Bioprocess patients using Cobalt-60 teletherapy uranium mineralization. Kohat Pla- Technology, Health Biotechnology units, Linear accelerators, Deep & teau, for its uranium occurrences, and Environmental Biotechnology superficial X-ray machines, HDR was another favourable target where remained involved in research work remote after-loading machines and preliminary exploratory drilling was related to Agriculture, Industry, Superficial appliance etc. continued. Baluchistan was designat- Health and Environment. ed as REO, Quetta last year, where geological, radiometric investigations For agriculture, work was done in NUCLEAR MINERALS and shallow reconnaissance drilling molecular virology, development of were done in the Tuftan anomalous several RNAi constructs, genetic Atomic Energy Minerals Centre and zone. engineering, chloroplast biotech- its Regional Exploration Offices at nology, plant genomics, tissue Peshawar, Karachi & Quetta The activities in the laboratories culture, PGPR associations and bio- continued prospection and explo- supported the field activities by control of plant diseases, etc. ration for nuclear minerals & multi- providing various chemical and mineral programme as planned. The Under industry, molecular biotech- mineralogical analyses. Remote working areas include Bannu Basin, sensing, gaotechnical drilling, geo- nology of enzymes, cloning of en- Kohat Plateau, Salt Range, Attock doglucanase gene, characterization physical surveys, neotectonic and Basin, Nizam Pur Basin, Malakand, siesmotectonics studies were also of various industrial enzymes, Swat, Mansehra, Tarbela, Chakdara, production of different biochemicals, carried out for PAEC establish- Kirthar Range of Sind and Eruptive ments. fossil fuel biotechnology, extre- Zone of Baluchistan. mophiles were important topics of study.

Studies on typhoid, Hepatitis B and C, ^-thalassemia, protein pharmaceuticals and chromosomal abnormalities were carried out under Health Section. For environmental studies, wastewater treatment, solid waste management, Bioremediation, genotaxic effects, heavy metal removal, molecular diagnosis remained the focal point of research.

NUCLEAR MEDICINE

Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission is engaged in the application of nuclear technology for the socio- economic development ofthe country and in the wake of growing incidence of deadly disease cancer, health NIFA Mustard Canola veriety

Annual Report 2003-2004 3 Weapon Complex (AWC), SUPA- RCO, DESTO, Karachi Electric Supply Corporation (KESC), Pakis- tan Navy, Attock Refinery Limited (ARL), Heavy Industries Taxila (HIT), etc. The jobs of contract value estimated at Rs. 350 millions are under design, manufacturing and attesting/ inspection stage. The Directorate exported mechanical equipment worth Rs. 18.334 million to CERN, Switzerland as well.

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Mr. Parvez Butt, Chairman, Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission attended as invited Speaker the World Nuclear Association (WNA) Annual Sympo- INOR, the recently inaugarated 13th medical centre sium held in London, UK from 3-5 September, 2003. Chairman, PAEC led Pakistan HUMAN RESOURCE trainees of the batch-2 (Session delegation to the forty-seventh IAEA DEVELOPMENT 2002-2003) of Post Graduate Annual General Conference held in Training Program joined KINPOE in Vienna from 15-19 September 2003. the last week of August 2003. Fifty- Thirty three PAEC scientists/engi- He also represented Pakistan as seven successful trainees of the Governor from Pakistan in the neers carried out assignments batch-32 (Session 2002-2003) of the abroad in various fields including Meetings of the IAEA Board of Post Diploma Training Program were Governors held in Vienna. Wheat Improvement, Non-Destruc- relieved from KINPOE in November tive Testing, Ultrasonic Testing, 2003. Postgraduate training of 36 Radiography Testing, Sustainable Chairman, PAEC participated in the CHASCENT fellows batch-2 and Governing Board Meeting of (WANO- Energy Development and other post-diploma training of 37 O&M N-technology related fields. Tokyo Centre and WANO-Atlanta technicians of batch 6 has been Centre) and Biennial General The 1 st batch of Master of Science in completed. Meeting of World Association of Information Technology, M.Sc. IT Nuclear Operators held in Berlin, (2001-03) of CTC passed out on 18- SCIENTIFIC AND Germany. He also attended 2004 09-2003. Fifteen students (10 Self- Spring WANO Tokyo Centre financed + 5 Fellows) successfully ENGINEERING Governing Board Meeting held at completed the course. The 10th SERVICES Fukuoka, Japan and also undertook batch of Post Graduate Computer Technical Tour to Genkai Nuclear Orientation Course (PGCOC-10) was The SES Directorate manufactured Power Station. conducted from 7th April, 2003 to 6th and supplied jobs worth Rs. 183 October, 2004. millions to Heavy Mechanical Pakistan has been elected as Complex (HMC), Pakistan Steel, Oil member of the Board of Governors of Final result of the batch-9 (Session & Gas Development Corporation the International Atomic Energy 2001-2002) of KINPOEwas declared (OGDC), WAP DA, National Agency (IAEA) for a term of two years by NED University in September Development Complex (NDC), Dr. A. beginning from September, 2003 to 2003. All the 32 successful graduates Q. Khan Research Labs. (KRL), September, 2005. Election was held from this batch joined their respective CPC, PINSTECH, KANUPP, Chas- at the Forty-seventh IAEA Annual places of posting in the last week of hma Nuclear Power Plant (CHAS- General Conference. September 2003. Thirty-three NUPP), other PAEC Projects, Air

4 Annual Report 2003-2004 NUCLEAR POWER

KARACHI NUCLEAR detection, ultrasonic flaw detection, Critical Parameters Display System thickness measurement, diameter was designed to provide continuous POWER PLANT and surface roughness measure- real time values of critical parameters (KANUPP) ment and sag measurement of PT. of plant in Emergency Feed Water (EFW) room under all modes of The data acquired by KNPC under Operation and Maintenance operation to help the operator to take remote supervision of AECL, Canada corrective actions in case of After completion of the nominal was sent to AECL and rescans were unavailability of main control room. design life of 30 years, KANUPP was carried out on area suspected to have shutdown on December 5, 2002 to flaws on advice of AECL. The Safety Parameters Display System was designed to provide fulfill regulatory requirements for re- Two surface indications were licensing. Since then KANUPP has concise and integrated information to replicated on AECL's request. The assess the plant safety status successfully implemented various samples scraped from fuel channel tasks such as fuel channel inspec- continuously under all modes of were dispatched to AECL for operation and to guide the operator to tion, replacement of old and obsolete hydrogen/deuterium study. Pieces of instrumentation and control equip- take corrective action when so G-12 pressure tube removed in 1993 required to bring and maintain the ment, reactor regulating computers were also sent to AECL for burst etc to improve LOCA handling plant in a safe state. The system was testing. AECL has submitted draft designed to provide the status of capabilities, replacement, over- reports for comment of KANUPP. hauling and maintenance of plant Radiological Emission & Control and Reactor Power Critically. equipment. On completion of the Plant Regulating Computers ARC regulatory requirement, PNRA and BRC have been replaced by new To provide shutdown facility to issued a special license to KANUPP l&C Systems based on PLCs. operator outside the Main Control for restarting ofthe reactor. However, Reactor Power Regulation, Fuel Room in the absence of Emergency this license limited the power to 33% Channel Temperature Monitoring, Control Room (ECR) in the plant, FP. Bearing Temperature Monitoring of Emergency Shutdown System has Pumps & Motors, Failed Fuel Activity KANUPP was restarted on January been provided in EFW Room. The Monitoring and Alarms Annunciation implementation, commissioning and 22, 2004 at 22:15 hrs with a new are now being performed by these lease of life. During the period of testing of Emergency Shutdown systems. 27 Measurement Loops Facility was completed. January 22, 2004 to June 30, 2004 and 15 Closed Control Loops have the plant operated at an average load been replaced with the new l&C To improve main control room of about 30 MWe. Gross electricity Systems. habitability, installation of spring generated was 78.35 GWh. with availability factor and gross capacity factor of 70.52% and 14.49% respectively. The cumulative gross generation since NPD was raised to 10,831.52 GWh.

For enhancement of power, a joint study was carried out by PAEC/ PNRA and Dr. Luxât a CANDU safety expert was also consulted.

Re-licensing Outage (RLO) Activities

After completion of training of 15 members of KANUPP team from AECL Canada, inspection was performed locally on seven fuel channels in accordance with the requirements of Canadian standards. The inspections performed included pressure tube (PT) material sampling, visual inspection, PT to calandria tube (CT) gap measurement, eddy current flaw loaded louvers in the wall ofthe room In order to meet single failure criteria, facing Turbine Hall was completed. addition of redundant valves is Installation of steel wall between required in Emergency Injection Main Control Room masonry wall and (IJW) system. In this regard engine- main steam lines has been comple- ering study has been completed. ted up to the level of air-conditioning Procurement of qualified valves is in ducts. process.

For improving LOCA handling capa- To improve the functionality of the bilities, installation and commis- Emergency Injection System (IJW) sioning of Emergency Heavy Wäter/ for small LOCA scenarios, another Light Water Storage & Transfer system called Forced Emergency (EHWT) system have been comple- Injection Water (FIJW) system is ted. The system is capable to store required to be installed. Most of the design work has been completed. eighteen tons of D20 & a sufficient quantity of H 0 to cool the core in 2 The tube inspection of one steam case of LOCA. generator and visual examination of The installation and commissioning steam generator secondary side of automatic crash cool down of were carried out. Inspection of welds boilers to cool and depressurize the of plugged tubes in steam generators Removal of Booster Head in Primary Heat Transport system 1,2,3,5 and 6 was also carried out. In Progress at KANUPP (PHT) and to avoid any pressure connection with follow-up campaign stagnation in the reactor core after of KANUPP SG water lancing, Health Physics and small LOCA, has been completed. proposal was received from RINPO, Radiation Safety China. Proposal received from B&W Emergency Sump Transfer (EST) Canada for conditional assessment The total radiation dose received by system was installed for transferring of SG is under review. all personnel who worked in KANUPP the spilled water after LOCA outside radiation zones during the review the Boiler from AD5H & AD7H sumps After removal of booster rod assem- period was 2.353 Man-Sv. Out of this to Moderator Area sump. Hence the blies moderator flow normalized and 40% was received as internal dose, availability of re-circulating water for plant was started successfully. due to tritium uptake, while the IJW system to ensure prolong cooling Installation and commissioning work remaining 60% was the contribution was made possible in case of LOCA of Fire Alarm system in all the plant from external dose. The average outside the boiler room. Two Vertical buildings has been completed. dose for radiation workers was 2.53 Non Clogging Impeller Centrifugal mSv per person-year. pumps were installed. In connection with on-line chemical monitoring system, field testing of Total gaseous radioactivity released Emergency Feed Water (EFW) Boiler Steam and Feed Wäter system from the plantwas less than 1 % ofthe System was initially designed for panel was in-progress and the derived maximum permissible providing water to all the six steam commissioning report and operating release limit. The liquid radioactivity generators manually in the event of manual were being prepared. AMP in the effluent released to sea was total loss of feed water due to rupture pilot projects on instrumentation and less than 3% ofthe derived emission or break in Boiler Feed Water System control cables, Motor Operated Valve release limit for liquid. or complete loss of power. As PSA (MOVs) and Solenoid Operated level-1 result showed that automatic Valve (SOVs) were completed. Most PROJECT IMPROVING operation of EFW system would of the recommendations of IAEA reduce the Core Damage Frequency Seismic Safety Mission have been SAFETY FEATURES by about 60%, the operation of EFW implemented. (ISF) OF KANUPP system was proposed to be modified from manual to fully automatic which The junction boxes of safety and The IAEA Technical Assistance was eventually completed. safety related equipment installed in project "Improving Safety Features the reactor building were modified to (ISF)" of KANUPP continued to The rehabilitation of Activity Moni- withstand the ambient condition of progress satisfactorily as follow-up of toring System was completed. All 208 pressure, temperature and humidity PAK-9/010 (SOK) project. The 11th sample chamber housings and in the case of Main Steam Line Break IAEA Steering Committee Meeting horizontal sampling tubes were and Loss of Coolant Accident. Cable (SCM) for ISF project was held in replaced. The work involved fabrica- Gland Bushing connectors, installed Vienna from 17-19 November, 2003. tion of new sampling chambers and for CCTV system in the Reactor Two new safety cases prepared by complete removal of old tube spools. Building, were modified and tested to KANUPP were endorsed by the confirm its integrity under severe Steering Committee. During the LOCA condition.

6 Annual Report 2003-2004 reporting period six IAEA expert Based on the expert mission recom- while a work plan for those requiring missions were completed. mendations, regression analysis, further action has been prepared and which was preliminarily performed by submitted to PNRA. Thé performance tests on locally the expert himself, is progressively developed Neutron Power Instru- being improved to predict the useful Electrical Backfitting mentation with current source and life for each feeder. with Ion Chamber have been carried For the project of "Replacement of out. The response of Log-N amplifier Control & Instrumentation 132kV Bulk Oil Circuit Breakers and and Linear-N has been observed to 132kV Transmission Line Protection be satisfactory. Expert Mission for Study and engineering was under- Relays of KANUPP" the contractors expert review ofthe locally developed way for replacement ofthe remaining have been pre-qualified. Case for Neutron Power Instrumentation of 136 loops both for safety and administrative approval ofthe project KANUPP (NISK) was completed at conventional C&l of TUP project. is under process. IAEA Vienna from 1-5 March, 2004 Design Report of Post Accident with the participation of two KANUPP Monitoring System has been pre- NESPAK engineers visited KNPC to engineers. Two locally developed N- pared. remove discrepancies in the final 16 channels have been installed & draft report on "Protection Coordi- commissioned on protective channel CIAL acquired ISO 9001:2000 nation Analysis of KANUPP AC "A" and "B". certification through M/s BVQI, and Distribution System". two surveillance audits were held The wall thickness of 145 feeder line successfully. Quality Management Generation License of bends/elbows was inspected which System was developed and imple- KANUPP covered more than 50% of the total mented by CIAL. outlet bends. All the outlet elbows/ Application for obtaining generation bends in the high flux zone have been As a part of rendering services to license for KANUPP, alongwith inspected. other national organizations, CIAL supporting data and documents, has has been pre-qualified as been submitted to National Electric It has been predicted that most ofthe "Engineering Consultant" through Power Regulatory Authority feeders are fit for service for another open national competition for plants (NEPRA). 10 operating years on the basis of (l&C) retrofitting of Pak-Arab wall thickness. Fertilizer Multan. Provided Test/ Other Projects Calibration services to M/s UEC Pvt. An expert mission meeting was held Ltd. Lahore. Study carried out on Nuclear on KANUPP Feeder Piping Integrity Desalination Demonstration Plant from 17th to 21 st May 2004. Nuclear Safety & has been submitted to PAEC for Licensing review. For the proposed prototype Wind Turbine Generating Station Work on Allowable Out- (WTGS), technical specifications of age Time (AOT) evalu- electrical equipment and intercon- ation has been completed nection scheme for connecting and report has been WTGS to KNPC Distribution System, prepared and is under were prepared. review. A selfassessment program was developed and discussed with IAEA CHASHMA NUCLEAR expert in April 2001. A POWER PLANT station instruction has been issued in the light of (CHASNUPP) the expert opinions. Plant Operation and The Equipment Perfor- Maintenance mance Degradation Plan has been developed and Chashma Nuclear Power Plant op- issued for 90% of the erated safely and generated a total of systems. The safety 1682 GWh of electric energy from Performance Indicators July 2003 to June 2004 of which 1558 (PI) has been implemen- GWh was exported to WAPDA. The ted at KANUPP. total on line time of the Turbine- Generator was 5569 hours thus Most of the re-licensing raising the on line time of Turbine- queries by PNRA on the Generator to 22953 hours since PSR have been resolved connection to grid. The average plant Anchoring of Running Transformer at KANUPP 778 Annual Report 2003-2004 capacity and availability factors were separation of Hydraulic Oil Supply to Quality Assurance 59.14% and 63.4% respectively. WCP check valves, modification in Fuel Conveyor Car to avoid damage QA Division conducted internal audits The Second Refueling outage to thimble plug assemblies, modi- of Electrical Maintenance Division, (RFO-2) of CHASNUPP started from fication in mechanical support l&C Maintenance Division, and 15th April, 2004. A comprehensive structure of In-Core Instrumentation Radiation protection section of S & job list was prepared by CHASNUPP System to facilitate thimble tube HP division. with a total of approximately more withdrawal, Modification of con- 99 surveillance deficiency reports than 3000 jobs including preventive/ densate Booster Pump-B motor corrective maintenance, ISI, imple- and 68 NCNs/NCRs were issued foundation and Steam Generator including 04 NCNs to YFP. mentation of design modifications blow-down Pipe Lines to facilitate and surveillance tests. Some of the Sludge Lancing and modification of QA engineers witnessed about sixty critical jobs were contracted out to Diesel Generator EEG401DG as 1E (80) periodic testing tests during foreign contractors (Chinese) due to source for train B after failure of reported period and participated in unavailability of local expertise. EEG001DG and EEG801DG as 1E 388 control points during RFO-2 PAEC establishments were also source for train A, including control point over manufac- awarded contracts for carrying out turing of fuel for CHASNUPP at YFP certain jobs. Plant Outages China. Major maintenance jobs performed During the reported period, the Plant IAEA Osart Mission during reported period (including experienced a total of eleven outages RFO-2) included replacement of Rod including planned and nine unplan- An Operational Safety Review Team Position Detector for RCCA A1-3, ned outages. The total outage (OSART) mission from IAEA visited Maintenance of High Head Safety duration was nearly 134 days CHASNUPP from January 12 - 29, Injection Pump / Motor, Containment including the longest outage from 2004 to assess the operational safety Spray Pump / Motor, Main Feed 15th April, 2004 to 24th July, 2004, of the Plant. During the OSART Water Pump / Motor, Auxiliary Feed when the reactor was shutdown for Mission, CHASNUPP organization Water Pump / Motor, testing and 2nd Refueling Outage. practices & performance were preventive maintenance of Main thoroughly reviewed as per OSART Generator, Emergency Diesel Gene- Events and Reports standard practice in the areas of rators, Main Transformer, Auxiliary Management, Organization and Transformer & Step Down Transfor- During the reported period a total of Administration, Operation, Mainten- mer, RCP mechanical seal inspection fifty two events were encountered out ance, Technical Support, Radiation /replacement, Fuel Handling equip- of which nine were reportable to Protection, Chemistry and Emer- ment & tools, Main Generator Slip Regulatory Authority. So far 225 gency Planning Preparations. Report Rings by using special lathe machine events have been encountered and of the OSART Mission to CHASHMA type tool. 96 were reportable to Regulatory Nuclear Power Plant has been Authority. All the events are of INES received at CHASNUPP. A detailed Major ISI jobs included In-Service level 0. program has been chalked out at Inspection of RPV and Reactor Safety and Health Physics CHASNUPP to implement OSART Internals, Eddy Current Testing recommendations and suggestions. (ECT) of Steam Generator Tubes, During the reported period, 11031 m3 removal of Irradiation Surveillance of liquid waste with gross activity of APPLIED SYSTEMS Material for testing RPV, ISI of 1.82E08Bq was discharged through Nuclear Class I, II, III Components, the discharge canal to the environ- ANALYSIS GROUP ECT of In-core Instrumentation ment after dilution with the circulating (ASAG) Thimble Tubes and ISI of Turbine cooling water. Cross-Over Piping. ASAG continued its contribution in A total volume of 2.49E09 m3 of planning of the C-2 project. In this Major Plant Modifications gaseous waste with gross activity of regard two major activities were: (i) Refueling outage opportunity was 3.14E14Bq was discharged through preparation and submission of the utilized to implement a number of the stack, which is well below the final PC-1 of the project in April 2004. design modifications to enhance the limit. After various rounds of negotiations safety and reliability of equipment/ 360 drums of solidified solid waste with Chinese organizations, plant systems. Some major modifications were prepared with a maximum cost, fuel cost and financial package included addition of 02 RPV Guide surface dose rate 50.2 pGy/h, 167 for the C-2 project were finalized. The studs and storage stands in reactor drums of low level miscellaneous dry final PC-1 was prepared based on building to facilitate lifting of lower waste were prepared with a maxi- these costs and financial terms, (ii) reactor internals, replacement of mum surface dose rate of 430 ^Gy/h. preparation of the feasibility report of guide posts over the storage rack of The average dose received per the C-2 Project for the EXIM Bank of lower core internals in refueling pool, person was 0.124 mSv. China. The project was approved by

8 Annual Report 2003-2004 the ECNEC in July 2004. ASAG contributed in the economic and financial analysis of the project highlighting the importance of the project for the over all development of the electricity sector of Pakistan.

CHASNUPP applied to the NEPRA for issuance of generation license for C-1 and determination of its bulk supply tariff. ASAG contributed in preparation of the application for the license and tariff petition. The Group initiated a country study under IAEA/RCA project on "Role of Nuclear Power and Other Energy Options in the Competitive Electricity Markets". The working team prepared an interim report on the work carried out during the first year.

The Group is participating in the co- Gamma Spectroscopy Equipment at INUP coordinated research program of IAEA on nuclear power planning. A diagnostic services were provided to Analysis of small LOCA using best case study was initiated to assess CHASNUPP for dynamic stress estimate was completed while cost of fossil-fuel based power measurement on steam turbine cross preliminary computation of Peak generation with sequestration of C0 2 over pipe during load ejection tests. Containment Pressure Evaluation emissions compared to nuclear Condition monitoring of critical Following a LOCA for different power option. The Group has been rotating machines was done for reactors was also completed. assisting IAEA/ICTP in capacity CHASNUPP prior to second RFO. building in the area of energy sector Furthermore, participations in C-2 Preliminary computation of Peak planning. activities were also made with regard Containment Pressure Evaluation to preparation of comments on following a LOCA for different INSTITUTE OF technical annexure, contract articles, reactors was done. and review of contract of fuel supply. NUCLEAR POWER Severe accident analyses based on (INUP) Core Design and Fuel double-ended cold leg break were completed. INUP continued work on analytical Management engineering studies related to the Various issues related to In-Core Fuel Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs). Radiation Shielding Design Management (ICFM) were routinely In addition, Institute for Nuclear reviewed with CHASNUPP. Analysis Evaluation of Fast Neutron Flux Power and Karachi Nuclear Power of flux map data of CHASNUPP at Spectrum in a PWR core using Complex entered into a Memo- various EFPDs, participation in discrete ordinate code and randum of Understanding (MOU) for activities of C-2 with regards to core calculation of Nitrogen-16 specific joint technical activities, aimed at design, safety analysis and thermal activity in Primary Coolant Loop was continued safe operation of KANUPP. hydraulic analysis and computaion of completed. INUP continued to provide requisite core physics parameters based on technical support to Chashma energy loading, etc were carried out. Multi-group shield design analysis of Nuclear Power Plant in In-Core fuel PWR reactor by discrete ordinate Management, Operational Core Transients and Accident methods was completed. RCS analysis and Safety Analysis and source term calculation in PWR using participated in the second Refueling Analysis PCACP computer code and Outage (RFO) of CHASNUPP. calculation of component source term Severe accident, Station Black Out by using ACT-1 computer code was (SBO), for CHASNUPP was ana- INUP also assisted CNPP and accomplished. HMC-3 in the diagnostic of machinery lyzed by using the computer code MELCOR 1.8.4. Critical heat flux co- malfunction by performing vibration Assessment of heat generation rate relations used in computer program measurements on their moving parts in the multi layered primary shield of and components. In this regard, RTHP were analyzed.

9 Annual Report 2003-2004 for regular vibration monitoring of critical machines in the plant for early fault detection.

Vibration monitoring services were provided to CHASNUPP for dynamic stress measurements on steam turbine cross over pipes during load ejection tests.

Vibration diagnostic survey of CHASNUPP's critical machines was made prior to RFO-II for condition monitoring of data of plant equipment.

Experiments were completed on vibration control of motor pump assemblies and diesel generator using different isolation mounts and pneumatic dampers. Work is in progress for establishment of a workshop for dynamic balancing of rotors, shafts and blades of process machines.

Nuclear Measurement Laboratory at INUP Expert software was developed for accurate detection and localization of PWR by alternate methods was also ating its use for controlling reactivity loose parts. The indigenous Plant completed. problems was accomplished. Reactivity Meter developed at INUP for CHASNUPP was tested, qualified Structural analysis of the lower end Fuel Mechanical Design and handed over to the plant after structural part of CHASNUPP Fuel RFO-II. A study of fuel requirement without assembly known as the Bottom reprocessing for 300 MWe CNPP Nozzle based on finite element Detailed design of Gamma Scanning was completed. techniques using ANSYS 5.7 code System for burnup measurements of was completed. CHASNUPP's spent fuel was Analytical work based on finite completed and submitted to the plant. element techniques using ANSYS Fuel Performance Analysis based on Coolant Activity data for identifying Burnup measurements of PARR-1 5:7 code for Simulation of spentfuel elements were completed. CHASNUPP Fuel Assembly Bottom fuel failure in the core of 300 MWe Nozzle Perforated Plate Test was CNPP was completed as well. also completed. Laboratory Facilities A review study of Urania (UOj)- Gadolinia (GdjO,), aimed at appreci- INUP entered into service agree- ments with CHASNUPP & KANUPP

10 Annual Report 2003-2004 PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING

NUCLEAR SCIENCE for subsequent use in plume dis- the width of the nonlinear SSAW persion modeling. reduce with the increase in the AND ENGINEERING concentration of positrons in elec- Reactor Experiments tron-ion plasmas. The width of the Reactor Operation soliton also depends upon the direc- Experimentation has been started to tion of propagation. The two ion com- During the period under report measure the reactor kinetic para- ponent plasmas have also been PARR-1 was operated for 550 hours meters for PARR-1. studied. The role of ion precipitation including 23 continuous operations of from magnetosphere to the upper 12 hours duration each at full power. Work for the development of nuclear ionospheric region has been 560 capsules containing different reactor control system has been analyzed in the low frequency per- samples were irradiated. Core No. 97 initiated. This includes classical turbation regime. of PARR-1 completed its operation control, conventional state feedback life leaving insufficient reactivity to control, optimal control and state Computational Physics operate the reactor. Therefore, core # feedback assisted classical control. 98 was assembled by replacing four The effect of ballistic mechanism on control fuel elements. RESEARCH AND the phase diagram of catalytic oxidation of CO has been studied on PARR-2 was operated for 143 hours DEVELOPMENT Pt (111) surface. Forthe ballistic flight irradiating 1242 samples. Quality of of "hot" oxygen atoms, five different reactor vessel/pool water was Plasma Physics conditions have been studied. The maintained up to the standard. steady reactive window is observed A theory has been developed to and under specific conditions the describe, in a simple way, the time Reactor Physics continuous transition disappeared. evolution of non-equilibrium incom- As soon as the CO partial pressure pressible plasma to understand the In connection with the use of less departed from zero, the production of mechanism of magnetic field gene- burnt HEU fuel elements along with Co started until a first order transition ration taking into account the dyna- 2 LEU fuel elements, several core stopped the catalytic activity, which is mics of both electrons and ions. The configurations were analyzed to consistent with the experimental theory has been applied to laser achieve required excess-reactivity observations. and shutdown margin, in collabo- induced plasmas and the estimate of B-field turns out to be in agreement ration of INUP. Detailed Neutronic, Technique of molecular dynamics with the experimental observations. thermal hydraulic and safety ana- simulation has been applied to study lyses of a selected core were carried superheating in Pb (111) thin layer out and got reviewed by INUP. Low frequency electrostatic and electromagnetic modes for dusty embedded in AI (111) matrix. The Pb Presently the case for the final (111) film shows stability upto 150 K approval for the operation of PARR-1 plasmas have been investigated. In the linear dispersion relation, coupl- above the normal melting tempera- mixed fuel core is under review by ture. The thickness of the film has PNRA. ing of Alfvén waves with acoustic waves and drift waves has been little effect on the melting temperature. Calculations were performed for 3- found for electro-ion plasmas in the group fluxes around PARR-1 LEU presence of stationary dust. Ion core loading No. 98 for its operation in temperature gradient instability has Fast Neutron Physics open end ofthe pool and results were also been studied in the astrophysical After the completion of studies on submitted for use in an experimental dusty plasmas. Various linear limits thermal neutron capture cross- setup regarding non-destructive that allow the coupling of electrostatic section and resonance integral of testing of faults/defects in materials drift waves with the dynamics of dust 1 16 by RIAD. grains have been discussed. In the "Tb(n,g) °Tb, a paper has been nonlinear case, dipolar vortex published in Phys. Rev. The analysis Regarding the radiological consequ- structures associated with these of data for the re-estimation of 56 ence analysis for accidental releases, perturbations have been studied. absolute intensities of Mn in the topographic data of US-GS for energy range of 50 keV to 3 MeV and Pakistan-region was acquired and Nonlinear solitary structures of an then upto 8.5 MeV was carried out digital map of Pakistan was prepared arbitrary slow shear Alfvén wave both by experimental as well as and compared with the map of Survey (SSAW) in ideal electro-positron-ion theoretical approaches. The results of Pakistan. Work has been started plasma have been investigated. It is upto 2 MeV are in good agreement on the development of technical found that the electron density dips of with the reported values. More work is capabilities and computer software SSAW are formed in the super required for the data in the higher for analyzing the meteorological data Alfvénic region. The amplitude and energy region which is hampered due

11 Annual Report 2003-2004 to problems in the gamma ray detec- and Nb in the base alloy Nd18Fe76B6. rials ALaMnFe06 (A=Ca, Ba, Sr) tion system at Neutron Capture From the XRD results, it was using X-ray and neutron diffraction Gamma-ray setup in the Reactor Hall observed that these materials have techniques has been completed. The (PARR-1). two phases, Nd2Fe14B as major phase X-ray diffraction investigations have and Nd-Fe paramagnetic phase as revealed these materials to be cubic, Electron Microscopy minor phase. The Mössbauer results crystallizing in the space group indicate that the net magnetization of Fm'm. Diffusion bonding of Zircaloy-4 with the base alloy decreases due to the SS-316 in the presence of Ti inter- substitution of these elements. Characterization of nano-crystalline layer was carried out at temperatures Therefore, the increase in coercivity titania by employing X-ray and 950, 1000, 1050 and 1150 "C for four occurs at the expense of magneti- neutron diffraction as well as small hours under the Pakistan Science zation. Mössbauer study on another angle neutron scattering techniques Foundation project. Bonding was not permanent magnetic system, Nd, has been completed. These investi- successful at 950 °C due to less Fe,. ,B (x=13-19) is in progress. gations were carried out in collabo- diffusion of constituents and at 1150 ; 6 ration with Korea Atomic Energy °C due to the melting of samples. The perovskite manganites La,.„ Commission. Formation of brittle intermetallic AxMnO, (where A=Ca, Sr, Ba) have compounds has been reduced become subject of intense research Ion Physics considerably. Ti-Zr liquid phase has because of their fascinating and often been identified by SEM/EDS The photon emission originating from competing properties like metal analysis. First report has been the sputtering of polycrystalline insulator transitions, paramagnetic, submitted to the Pakistan Science aluminum surface under 1-10 keV ion ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic + + + Foundation. Phases in the diffusion (H , He*, Ar*, Kr and Xe ) bombard- alignments and charge and orbital zone of Al-Fe-Ce and Zircaloy-4 were ment has been studied. The mea- ordering. Interesting results regard- characterized by XRD as AIZr2 and sured photon emission yields from ing spin freezing due to Fe doping 2 AI Zr . Bonding of Inconel 625 alloy 3d D resonance transition of 2 5 and thermal cycling effects in La^ 3/2 was carried out in the presence of sputtered excited Al atom and the CaJVInOj (LCM) materials have been Zircaloy-4 interlayer at 1050 °C and calculated nuclear stopping powers observed. These results show that 1100 "C for 3h. Major phases in the have been compared. The results thermal cycling in charge ordered diffusion zone are characterized as demonstrate that elastic collision play LCM is due to disorder induced by Ni2Zr3 and Zr(Ni,Fe)2. The diffusion the major role in photon emission. barriers, rich in Cr and Mo were doping at the La sites. observed on both sides of the The polycrystalline aluminum and Computer simulation techniques are diffusion zone. High energy ball graphite targets have been bom- milling of Al-5wt% SiC is carried out to being employed to investigate the barded with 5-10 keV Ar* ions and form the composite materials. Milling structural properties of La^S^VO, effect of the magnetic field on ion- up to 50h did not produce composite, and Ni,.IZnxFe204 systems. Potential induced atomic and ionic emission so further milling would be performed. parameters have been derived which from these targets have been XRD indicates mixing of SiC with Al accurately generate the crystal investigated in the 180-500 nm and reduction of particle size. structures of these materials. wavelength range. The application of Solution energies are calculated to the weak magnetic field (<10 mT) on predict the preferable site for dopant Electronic and Magnetic the target surface resulted in ion and charge compensating remarkable increase in the intensity Materials mechanism is also investigated. of atomic and ionic emission lines. Standard spectrochemical analysis Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets are Neutron and X-Ray technique, based on the assumption outstanding in their magnetic Diffraction of local thermodynamic equilibrium in properties like intrinsic coercivity and the arc plasma, has been applied to large energy products (BH). How- The IAEA TC project PAK/4/044 has the spectra to determine the effect of ever, due to the low Curie tempera- been successfully completed. Under magnetic field on electron temperature of NdjFe B, magnetic reman- 14 this project, a small angle neutron ture and density. ence Br and intrinsic coercivity, Hc, scattering instrument has been decreases rapidly with the increase of designed, developed and installed at After necessary modifications in the temperature. Improvement in the beam tube No. 5 at PARR-1 and will indigenously designed and fabricated properties of meltspun Nd-Fe-B be utilized for defect studies of Duoplasmatron ion source, for the ribbons and magnets prepared from materials of interest. first time at PINSTECH, the ion-beam them has been sought via intro- from highly volatile liquid vapors has duction of low concentration (<5at. Work on the synthesis and charac- been generated. %) of other elements like Ga, Dy, Si terization of double perovskite mate-

12 Annual Report 2003-2004 Carbon Based 103Pd, 1"Pd (n,pn+d+np) 103Pd, "Zn Track Detectors 64 a S0 Nano-technology (n,p) Cu and °Zr(n,p) Y respec- Applications tively. Carbon based nano-technology lab. A new method of determining neutron has been established. A special type Nuclear Interaction Studies fluence for reactor neutrons based on of clustering source has been the change in transmittance of light designed. The special feature of this The heavy ion interactions at energy through neutron exposed etched source is the graphite dual hollow < 20 MeV/u are usually used for the track detectors was developed cylinders, one acting as hollow study of nuclear properties and previously at Physics Research cathode and other as hollow anode. reaction mechanisms at low Division (PRD). In order to confirm These cylinders have been excitations. The kinematical analysis the authenticity of the method, five encapsulated in quartz tube to of the first step of the heavy ion new samples of CR-39 werf exposed visually observe the different reaction (16.7 MeV/u) U+Au using at PARR-1 for five different neutron phenomena occurring in the mica track detector has been fluence values. It has been observed regenerative sooting discharge. completed. It has been revealed that that the neutron fluence found by the method mentioned above was in Some fullerenes CJC70 on macro- the initial mass asymmetry of the scopic scale have been synthesized system (0.09) is enhanced through a agreement with the actual value and characterized. These are in flow of matter from target to projectile within the experimental errors. powder form and have been verified in the case of three-pronged events, Experiments were performed to by using HPLC and by dissolving in while the flow in opposite direction determine the etching characteristics toluene. leads to four-pronged events. in CR-39, for the fission fragments etched in 6M NaOH solution The experimental total reaction Charge Particle containing different concentrations of cross-section of heavy ion reactions Accelerator Na C0 . Track etch rates in CR-39, (14.5 MeV/u) 132Xe + Bi using CR-39 2 3 etched in above-mentioned solutions 100 keV charged particle accelerator track detector has been calculated kept at three different temperatures, designed and made for GC University which came out to be (4587±830) mb. were deduced from the slopes of the Lahore has been installed in the This is comparable with the value of plots of track length versus etching newly established Nano-technology theoretically calculated total reaction time. Moreover, bulk etch rates have lab, Centre for Advanced Studies in cross-section 4641.7 mb. Physics (CASP) premises and also been deduced from the slopes of inaugurated. A mobile astronomical The projectile fragmentation in heavy the lines fitted to the plots of track observatory was made to observe the ion reaction (158 A GeV) Pb + Pb is diameters versus etching time. Venus motion while it crossed the being studied using CR-39 plastic In connection with the setting up of a Sun, when earth, Sun arid Venus track detectors by measuring the laboratory for prolonged etching of were collinear. An experiment was track parameters of two detectors solid state nuclear track detectors, performed to characterize carbon choosing one detector placed before the installation of a heating system for molecules/clusters at the tip of the and one after the target in the stack. the etching solution based on oil cathode during the dc arc discharge. circulation in etching bath driven by Scanning electron microscope The search for light magnetic mono- pumps has been made. Th^ function (SEM), having energy dispersive poles (SLIM) project is being carried of this apparatus has been success- system as an attachment, was used out with international collaboration. fully tested. to characterize the carbon molecules. An experimental set-up has been XRD patterns were also taken to made at Koksil, Gilgit. In order to Nuclear Geological correlate the molecular structure with study the effects of possible radon SEM study. and neutron background at SLIM Studies experimental site CR-39 plastic track Nuclear Cross-section Samples of phosphatic nodules detectors have been exposed in the collected from the sandstone of Studies building from May 2002 to May 2003. Nilawahan Group near Chakwal were After etching and scanning all the studied using fission track technique Nuclear reaction cross-sections detectors the radon concentration in for the determination of uranium measurement work on medically the environment of experimental set- concentration. Uranium concen- important radionuclides will continue. up has been found to be (10 46+6.25) tration in these samples ranges from 3 At present the work on Cd, Pd, Zn, Bq/m . The detectors placed for the (434 ± 39) to (964 ± 81) ppm with an and Zr for nuclear reactor production measurement of neutron back- average concentration of (690 ± 62) feasibility studies of'"Pd, "Cu and ,0Y ground have also been analyzed. The ppm. These results favour the idea of respectively, is in progress. The preliminary measurement of the exploring the area in detail for any 10S cosmic ray neutron flux was found to possible occurrence of uranium reactions of interest are Cd(n,a) be(5.34±0.64) lO^cm^h"1 deposit.

13 Annual Report 2003-2004 were collected after feeding dose to rainwater samples collected from children. Samples were digested and selected stations with the collabo- sent to Baylor College of Medicine ration of WAPDA, Irrigation Depart- Houston, USA for Isotopic ratio ment and Meteorological Dfepartment analysis of "Fe/ "Fe. The preliminary was interpreted. data of isotope ratio analysis has been obtained. On the basis of results Erivironmental isotopic analysis of it was recommended that elemental shallow and deep groundwater iron, being less expensive and stable, samples from ShorkOt area was should be tested vigorously for carried out for management of salt- fortification programme. FeS0 and affected lands and brackish waters in 4 Päkistan. Isotope and chemical data 58 FeS0 -EDTA, because of shorter Blood Samples for "Fe/ Fe 4 of groundwater samples from Quetta shelf life and cost, may not be a Isotopic Ratio Analysis Aquifer has shown that the hard-rock suitable option for nation wide flour aquifer and the alluvial aquifer were fortification programme. The neutron induced fission tech- well connected and that the age of nique was applied for the estimation groundwater was more than 50 of the uranium concentration in Radioisotope Hydrology years. Radiotracer experiments drinking water samples collected conducted in five experimental wells Development of groundwater flow from Skardu city, Northern Pakistan. at In-Situ Leach Mining Project, and contaminant transport model of The concentrations are less than the Taunsa confirmed that there was no Lahore aquifer" was accomplished. maximum acceptable concentration movement of lixiviant along the dip. levels of 9-30 mgL \ Water and gas samples were collected from different geothermal Transit velocities of the lixiviant along Fission track dating studies on Jawar manifestations at Tatta Pani (AJK), the strike for different interwell carbonatites of Sillai Patti area were Chakwal and Northern areas to rank distances were provided. Interwell performed. An average age of (29.1 ± the potential of these geothermal tracing of water flood using tritiated 1.9) Ma and a pooled age of (30.6 ± sites in Pakistan. Geothermal fields in water was performed for enhanced oil 1.6) Ma was obtained. This age is Northern Areas and Chagi are found recovery studies at Fimkassar close to the fission track age of (32.1 to have good reservoir potential for Oilfield. Tritium contents of water ± 1.9 Ma) on zircon from the nearby energy exploitation. 137Cs and samples collected from production Sillai Patti carbonatite, K-Ar dates of herbicide contents were measured well indicated that there was no quick (31 ±2) Ma on biotite from the Loe- on soil and water samples collected channel connecting the injection well Shilman and Sillai Patti carbonatites, from Rawal Watershed, Fateh Jang and that the production well and the U-Pb age of (29.26 ±0.12) Ma on and Sandaymar Dam for sediment waterflood was sweeping a large zircon from the alkaline pegmatitic fingerprinting and assessment of volume. Tritium analysis of 235 water dykes of lower Swat area and Ar-Ar erosion/associated pesticide conta- samples was extended to various age of (28.4 ± 1.1) Ma on muscovite mination. Isotopic and chemical data countries on commercial basis under from the same dyke of the earlier obtained from analysis of river and the IAEA/RCA programmes. workers. This relationship confirms that the fission-track apatite age of this study is the emplacement age of the Jawar carbonatite. This strongly suggests the occurrence of an HUH Oligocene alkaline magmatic !«M8WMî!*IIfi episode within the region.

Life Sciences

A total of 155 1JC urea breath tests (UBTs) were performed on commercial basis in the Breath Mat Laboratory at NORI. For the project "Iron fortification of wheat flour (Atta) component III Bioavailability", relative bioavailability of three potential sources of iron fortificants (elemental iron, FeS04, and FeSO«-EDTA) in wheat flour cooked into Chapatti, Leavened Chapatti and Nan was evaluated. Blood samples of study subjects (boys and girls of 6-11 years) Sampling of Geothermal spring at Ziarat, Distt. Chagi

14 Annual Report 2003-2004 Stable Isotope Hydrology Islamabad to investigate impact of Systems Labs, was carried out to contaminant transport from landfills, help promote research and deve- Soil, water and soil gas samplings septic systems and sewage drains lopment activities and to look for were carried out at Kasur and into potable groundwater environ- defects and discontinuities etc. Sambrial sites to study the pollutant ment. Physiochemical parameters transport behaviour in unsaturated like electrical conductivity, pH, Environmental Research zone. Isotopic and chemical analyses dissolved oxygen, redox, and turbi- Modeling strategies for different were performed on the collected dity were measured in-situ. Coliform aquifers including Lahore, Rawal- samples. Chemical analysis of water bacterial analysis of these samples pindi-lslamabad, Peshawar and indicates the presence of As showed that tube wells situated along Gujranwala were prepared. Feasi- (Arsenic) at some locations, which is the Lei Stream belt contain significant bility studies were made to apply beyond the permissible limits. Most of population of fecal coliform, an hydrological computer code "Visual the pollutants present in tannery organism which indicates conta- Modflow" for groundwater recharge effluents and sewage are blocked mination from sewage systems. and groundwater quality evaluations within the unsaturated zone having in part ofthe Leh stream basin within clay lenses. Under the IAEA project Industrial Research Rawalpindi-Islamabad. Different "INT/5/44", analytical services were Corrosion monitoring in oil/gas modules of climate model "RegCm" extended to IAEA member states pipelines using thin layer activation were studied for climate modeling of including Bangladesh, Iran, Korea, (TLA) technique was completed at South Asia region, especially, floods, Phillipines, SriLanka, Syria, Thailand the Pakistan Oilfields Limited (POL) droughts and extreme rainfall events. and Tunisia. These services include and the results were conveyed to the A preliminary survey of noise levels in analysis of more than 1200 samples concerned authorities. Using 13,l selected hospitals of Rawalpindi and for1'0,zH, "C, 15N. Soil/water samples radiotracer, leakage investigation Islamabad was done. from NIAB were also analyzed for "C, was performed in an underground 1,Oand2H. cooling water pipeline at a thermal Laser Applications Isotope Ecology and power station. The time lag between One hundred and fifty 150 units of Geochemistry the arrival, at detectors, of radiotracer Laser Land Leveler (LLL) were flowing inside the pipeline and that assembled and handed over to Forty (40) water samples pertaining present in the leakage water (outside different public organizations and to surface water (Layari River, Malir the pipeline) was exploited to identify private farmers. Two-step laser River, Indus River and Karachi sea) the position of leakage. The tracer spectroscopy of Zinc, Cadmium, and and shallow/deep ground water were test revealed the leakage at two Mercury was performed using the Nd: collected from Karachi Metropolis points. Yag laser as a pump for dye laser. and analyzed for MS stable isotope Non-Destructive Testing Both the dye lasers were frequency content. The results suggest that the doubled by BBO crystals. The vapor shallow aquifer system mainly hosts Development work on non-destruc- containment system was thermionic recharge from local rainfall, infiltrated tive testing techniques to qualify Low diode ion detector. polluted river water (Layari/Malir Enriched Uranium (LEU) silicide fuel A laboratory is being setup for "Laser River Water) and Indus River Water, for research reactors was carried out. cooling and trapping of alkali atoms, while the confined deep groundwater Dimensional measurements in locally mainly Rb and Gs". The development, system hosts trapped seawater. 58 developed LEU fuel piates were of three narrow band extended cavity groundwater samples pertaining to examined critically by X-ray diode laser systems (ECDLs) is in pumping wells, hand-pumps and radiography. Fabricated LEU fuel progress. The PCBs ofthe drivers for springs were collected from urban plates still lack in homogeneity as re- flected in radiographic examination. Based on radiographic examination, Tension and Torsion (TT) straps of helicopters from different Army Aviation Bases have been recommended for additional flying hours. Radiographic examination of samples from NMD, H. T. cable from HPD, graphite element of PARR-1, ceramic and classified Collection of Soil Core samples from samples from Nucleonic Kasur Tannery Area Laser Land Leveler working in the field

Annual Report 2003-2004 15 these lasers are ready and are now regenerated to full capacity and re- Powder Properties Measurement being assembled in a 19" sub-rack. A used. Laboratory is being established. A setup for saturation absorption few units like bulk density, tap density spectroscopy of Cs is in progress Ion exchange-isothermal super and void fraction apparatus have using Toptica's DL-100 Laser system saturation process for production of been fabricated and tested. operating at 50mW, 850nm, Cesium Li2CO, from dilute lithium hydroxide vapor cell and Lock-in amplifier. An solution was developed to recover Corrosion Studies ultra-high vacuum chamber for metal. This recovery process is producing magneto-optical-trap environmental friendly and econo- Detailed studies for the evaluation of (MOT) has already been developed. mical as compared to evaporative mechanical properties of Monel-400 Until now we have attained a vacuum crystallization process. tubes of KANUPP heat exchanger in the range of 10'7 mbar in the MOT were carried out. The tubes were chamber using ion vacuum pump, Special Material Studies cleaned with KANDECON solution. turbo molecular pump and KF fittings. A laboratory named "Materials Tensile specimens were evaluated The exploration regarding thermo- Processing Laboratory" is being for the mechanical properties. The analytical (TG-GTG-DTA) charac- established in NMD and five results indicated no sign of degra- terization on various metal comp- laboratory scale units have been dation in mechanical properties of lexes, such as MLX2 (where M = Co installed and commissioned, these tubes with a passage of 30 II, Cu II, Zn II, Ni II, Cd II, and Hg II; L = including double Pipe/Shell & Tube years in service. DIE (1,2-Dimidezoloethane) and DIP Heat Exchangers, Miniature Cooling (1,3-Dimidezoloprpane); X = CI"1, Br1, Tower, Electrolytic Cell, Gas Absor- Assessment of crud left after the I"1 and NO/1) in air as well as inert ber and Fluidizers. Installation of four cleaning of Monel-400 tubes of steam atmosphere, is being done in order to more units i.e. Fluid Flow Rig, generator # 1 at KANUPP, for the investigate their mode of decom- Perforated Plates Pulse column, effectiveness of KANDECON clean- position patterns as well as stability. Mixer-Settlers Battery and Miniature ing solution, was carried out. The DMWUnitisin progress. assessment of amount of crud in un- MATERIAL SCIENCE cleaned Monel tube of steam Process Development generator # 6 was also carried out. The weight loss by the removal of Chemical Material Studies Studies crud was 0.02 g/cm of the tube approximately. Metallographic obser- Adsorption studies of "Ni on charcoal Fluidization studies for continuous vation of the cleaned specimen did evacuated at 300°C, 800°C and feed & discharge system in single, not show any appreciable layer at 1000°C were performed with a view to two and three-stage battery of inner side of the tube; only very fine study the containment of radioactive fluidizers were carried out. specks of crud remained sticking waste. Radiotracer batch equilibrium inside the tube specimens. experiments under variable physio- Different fractions of carbonatite and aluminium oxide powders and balls of chemical conditions, pH of soptive Failure analysis study of crashed media, agitation time, sorbate, con- two different materials i.e. glass and steel were used in the studies. aircraft Cessna 402B of Edhi centration and temperature were revealed no metallurgical defects, carried out. Experiments were performed with varying gas flow rates through the discontinuities, flaws, foreign materials especially carbon/antimony/ 1-vinyl 2-pyrrolidone-divinyibenzene column loaded with powder. It was sulphur in all representative areas of copolymer was synthesized using observed that maximum mass fuselage material (Aluminum alloy). suspension polymerization techni- transfer took place at 7 lit/min and 13 Microstructure also did not reveal any que. The resin was sulphonated, lit/min with time duration of 30 abnormal structure. The probable characterized, and used for the minutes in fixed and fluidized beds cause of material failure could be uptake studies of Cs-137 and Sr-90 respectively. either aging or overloading or the radioisotopes. Despite a very good conjoint effect of both which had porosity, the resin is mechanically Work was initiated to develop a exceeded the present limits of the strong. process for the production of nuclear- grade U02 from In-Situ uranium leach material strength. Porous polyacrylonitrile-hydrated liquors using ammonium carbonate R&D study on the effect of Mg antimony pentoxide (PAN-HAP) solutions. Some of the parameters addition on mechanical properties of composite was synthesized on have been studied. aluminium was carried out. Al alloys laboratory scale and was used for with variable Mg contents i.e. 0.1%, selective removal of sodium from Studies on bioleaching of low-grade 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4% have been aqueous lithium solutions. The graphitic schist ore sample were developed at NMD. These have been regeneration parameters of PAN- started for the extraction of uranium rolled down to 86% reduction in HAP composite were established. As but the results were not encouraging cross-section with final thickness of a result, the composite can be because of the.absence of pyrites in the ore. 1.4 mm. An increase in the tensile

16 Annual Report 2003-2004 strength of the alloys with increasing of about 6 mm. Two types of pores hanical and physical properties of Mg content has been noticed. were observed. Fine pores were zirconium base alloys are being found distributed uniformly through- carried out. Hydride layerof thickness Materials Research out the sample, whereas relatively 12 to 26 mm was deposited. coarse pores were observed at Studies on surface modification of particle boundary. Polymer Processing and metal substrate such as stainless steel by reactive oxides are Radiation Studies Study for development of low continued. Some more experiments Radiation cross-linked flame on non-isothermal oxidation of yttria- temperature sintering process for retardant LDPE/PVC based wire doped zirconia coated stainless steel PWR fuel pellets were continued. The insulations have been developed, were performed. Some experiments pellets were sintered in CO atmos- z irradiated using electron beam and on normal oxidation of uncoated phere in temperature range from tested for electrical, thermal, stainless steel and non-isothermal 1000 °C to 1300 °C. Results revealed mechanical, flame retardancy and oxidation of stainless steel were that pellets sintered at 1300 °C for radiation resistance properties in carried out. four hours had attained the required 3 conformity with international density of 10.5 g/cm . Microstructural Installation of Laser welding equip- investigation revealed that pellets standards. All the insulations passed ment was carried out. Attachment of contained equiaxed but inhomo- the tests. Development of these air filter and extra supply of argon gas geneous grain structure. In some insulations makes it possible to for inert atmosphere to welding areas, grains of 6 to 8 mm were develop nuclear power cables in present while the which other sheath is FRPVC and if size of the grains in insulation is made of flame retardant other area was only crosslinked LDPE. QA/QC work has > ;; 1 to 2 mm. been undertaken to assess the performance of l&C cables at i;. Fabrication and KANUPP. " characterization of ! boron carbide ANALYTICAL ji-,' pellets was carried out. Pellets of fine TECHNIQUES powder with particle A high pressure liquid chromato- size of 1 to 5 mm graphy (HPLC) procedure has been have shown good developed for separation and sinterability at 2150 characterization of fullerenes in °C in argon atmos- carbon soot. High molecule carbon phere. Laser Welding Machine compounds namely Ci0 and C70 has been separated and identified using C18 reversed phase column and UV chamber was provided. Laser weld- Alloy Development and detector. ing of stainless steel strips was done Mechanical Testing on experimental basis. Welding A gas chromatography (GC) studies of different materials have In continuation to the ongoing project: procedure has been developed for been initiated. Work on magnesium "LEU fuel fabrication for PARR-1 ", arc simultaneous separation of saturated aluminium silicate machinable glass melting parame- is in progress. Pellets of different ters for synthesis compositions were prepared and of U,Si2 were finali- sintered. Sintered density upto zed with 97% 2.28g/ccwas achieved. phases concentration determined Fuel Fabrication by XRD. Blending of powder at 310 Studies to produce PWR fuel pellets rpm for 4 hours were continued. After establishing was found to be the sintering parameters, metallo- the best of all. graphy of U02 pellets was carried out to determine the grain structure and Studies on hydro- morphology of pores. The results gen and hydride revealed that sintered pellets had induced degra- equiaxed grains with an average size dation of the mec- Arc Melting Furnace

17 Annual Report 2003-2004 radioactivity in exceeding the WHO recommended samples analyz- limits. ed so far is under the permissible Spectra of 36 samples previously levels. collected from 17 different localities with in the country were taken with Ten samples of HPGe detector system. The gamma different brands of spectra of 9 soil samples from the £ mineral water areas of Gujrat, Eisakhel, Mandi consumed in Bahaudin, Chalas, Taxila, D.I. Khan Rawalpindi/ and Mansehra were analyzed for 2 Islamabad area activities due to " Th and "K. ' have been analyz- The levels of radiation were found to ed for natural be in the range (0.241-1.448) Bq/Kg, Multi-channel Analyser set radioactivity. The (0.321-1.714) Bq/Kg and (118.926- radioactivity 1114.152) Bq/Kg for uranium, thorium hydrocarbons from unsaturated measured in samples so far shows no and K-40 respectively. analogues using indigenously abnormal trends developed GC column packing Five different material (Fe 0 coated alumina 2 3 species of plant columns). Improved selectivity have biomonitorsforthe been achieved regarding separation environmental of C,-C saturated / unsaturated 4 monitoring were hydrocarbons. Effect of temperature analyzed for short on selectivity has been completed. and medium lived Various complexans (EDTA, DPTA, trace elements EGTA) have been incorporated to using instrumental mask high contents of iron in uranium neutron activation determination in various IAEA, analysis. Finding standard reference materials (SRMs) shows that these using ion-pair HPLC. plant leaves can A scintillation based portable Radiation Monitor be used as bio- (Pylon MoorAB-SR) Octadecyl silane (ODS) reversed- monitors for the phase column has been modified to evaluation of atmospheric pollution A scintillation based portable dynamically anion-exchange column levels. radiation monitor (Pylon Model AB- using various tetra alkyl ammonium 5R), provided by IAEA, has been salts for the analysis of essential and In connection with correlation studies made operational in environmental toxic anions in potable water. of bloodmetal contents with cardio- radiation laboratory of PRD. The vascular and renal hypertensive measurements of radon in the soils of Viscosity behavior of La(N03)3, patients, 105 samples of whole blood 15 cities of Pakistan were carried out Ce(N03), and Pr(N03)3 in aqueous were analyzed for their copper, zinc, using this instrument. The radon level solutions has been studied as a lead and cadmium contents using in soil gas of these areas was found to function of concentration and tem- atomic absorption spectrometer. The be in the range 22-184 pCi/l, which is perature as a reference data. The results indicated that the concen- less than maximum limits set by data have been analyzed in terms of tration of copper, lead and cadmium IAEA. Jones-Dole equation and values of is increased and that of zinc is interaction coefficients were com- decreased in patients as compared to The project to study the ecosystem puted. the normal subjects. around the industrial areas of Faisalabad and Gujranwala was Environmental Studies Under the IAEA project "Air pollution continued. Sixty three samples, and its trend", 114 samples of comprising vegetables, crops and Natural radioactivity in soil samples airborne particulate matter (APM) soil samples, previously collected from 34 districts of Punjab is being collected on coarse and fine filter during the winter season, were measured. Five samples from papers have been analyzed for their exposed In PARR-1 and PARR-2 with different locations in each district will black carbon contents by using thermal neutrons for 2,10, 25, 35 and be analyzed. Three sets of 17 smoke stain reflectometer (SSR). 300 minutes. samples each were analyzed during This study documented high suspen- the period under report. The ded particulate concentrations

18 Annual Report 2003-2004 supplied to nuc- The gamma spectra, obtained for lear medical cen- these samples were analyzed for ters. Other supp- short, medium and long lived radio- lies include, sodi- nuclides. The calculations for the um car'bo.nate concentration of 30 elements in each (MNa) 140 mCi to of 42 samples, studied so far, have R-Block, "mTc been carried out. (500 mCi) to PIEAS, 131l (1200 Adsorption Studies mCi) to RIAD, 32P (5 mCi) to Karachi The preconcentration of Eu onto University, 1"Cs sawdust; and Eu, Tb and Tm onto 7 PAN (1-(-2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol) (10 mCi) and " Cs embedded synthetic polymer has (150 mCi) to D. I. been studied. Effect of temperature, Khan University. various anions and cations, and Total supply of selectivity of sorbent has also been radioactive studied. A new separation procedure GC-MS, CP-3800 GC, Saturn 2000 MS in CAFD for the products was analysis of organic compounds for Cd in Iodide medium from Zn bulk 94845 mCi, worth has been developed using polyure- Research & Developments Rs. 53,04,500, whereas supply on thane foam packed column. complimentary basis was 1885 mCi, of Fuel Cells worth Rs. 24,00,500. Extraction of rare earth elements (Pr, Theoretical studies for the develop- Ho, Gd and Sm) with picrolonic acid 9154 vials of eleven different cold kits ment of electrochemical methods for (HPA) in MIBK has been studied. worth Rs. 56,51,600/= were also the characterization of electro Selectivity of the extraction system supplied during this period. catalysts for fuel cells and coupling of for various mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra electrochemical instruments for valent metal ions was also studied. m potentiostatics and galvanostatic PAKGEN Tc " Generator Effect of various neutral donors such measurements for fuel cell have been as TPPO, TOPO, Benzo-15-crown-5 99m done. Regular production of PAKGEN Tc (15BC5), 15-crown-5 (15C5), generator was continued and 206 Cyanex 471x, Picoline-N-oxide and A method has been developed for the consignments of 114355 mCi worth TBA for the extraction of Eu(lll) with characterization of catalytic activity of Rs. 20,79,000/= were dispatched to HPA from pH 2 buffer solutions was fuel cell electrodes by voltammetry. nuclear medical centres and two tested and it was observed that Design work is being done for the hospitals in private sector. synergic enhancement was of the preparation of fuel cell stack. Studies order of TOPO>TPPO @ have been initiated for the evaluation Central Analytical Facilities Cyanex471x>1 5BC5>15C5. of fuel cell electrodes using Tafel However, TBA showed antagonism plots. A method has been developed During this period 400 samples were due to strong affiliation with HPA and for the coating of graphite by catalyst analyzed on payment basis by ICP, Picoline-N-oxide did not show good metals for the preparation of catalyst AAS, XRF, AES, HPLC, lon- synergism due to its solubility in materials for fuel cell electrodes. chromatography and GC. A revenue aqueous solution. A good synergic of Rs. 10,88,000/- was generated. enhancement has also been These samples were received from observed for the extraction of Eu(lll) SERVICES AND different centers of PAEC as well as with hexafluoroacetylacetone PRODUCTS outside PAEC. (HFAA) + TPPO in benzene from pH 2-5 buffer solutions. Radioisotope and Various research activities include Radiopharmaceutical Cold development, modifications and Radiochemical separation metho- improvements of multi-element dology was developed for the sepa- Kits Production hydride generation technique for ICP- ration of bulk of the radioactivity OES for As, Sb, Se and Te and Regular supply of sodium iodide (131l) produced by (n,g) reactions on the development of reliable method for target materials. Radiochemical consisting of 458 consignments the determination of sub-ppb level separation procedures forZn, Cu, Rh (94750 mCi) worth Rs. 51,46,100 boron in the nuclear grade steel and and Ru were developed and applied was dispatched to different nuclear aluminum by ICP-OES and Spark- during the period under report. The medical centres in Pakistan. 9 OES. yield ofthe radiochemical procedures consignments of sodium phosphate 32 was established by performing a ( P, 75 mCi), worth Rs. 1,18,000 and The study of determination of Cu, Fe, 1 series of experiments with the 4 consignments of MIBG-" I (19.5 Zn and Mn in soil samples collected tracers. mCi) worth Rs. 30400 were also from various ecosites of the country

19 Annual Report 2003-2004 RWMG, for the detection and measurement of gamma emitting fission fragments and activation products. 170 samples were analyzed for the measurement of 131l and 63 environmental samples forthe measurement 5°Sr activity. Thyroid scanning facility for the determination of any inhaled activity of 1311 was provided to 98 radiation workers of Iodine plant. Services of mobile radiation monitoring laboratory (MRML) were extended in emergency preparedness and off-site radiological environmental monitoring and hazard assessment programme. Measurement of ambient gamma dose level around PINSTECH was made and an average dose rate of 0.210 ± 0.048 mGyh"1 was obtained, using G-2 TLD cards. Assistance for the smooth operation and functioning of radiation by employing AAS by various IPD etc. and got analyzed for the emergency centers (REAC-1 & 2) digestion procedures was completed. detection of accidental/abnormal was sustained. Determination of toxic elements in releases of radioactive materials into Indus Basin Sediments and of the environment. 1742 consignments essential elements in an herb named of radioactive material/radiation Radiation Dosimetry sources were checked and autho- Fagonia Cretica by using AAS is in Personnel monitoring services for rized for safe transportation to progress. external sources of radiation were various places within and outside provided, at the Institute as well as on Separation, identification, monitoring PINSTECH. and degradation of Chloropesticides Country level, using thermo- luminescence dosimetry (TLD) and (PoPs) using GC are continued. Environmental Monitoring Preparation of material and fabri- film badge dosimetry techniques. The services were provided on monthly cation of glass columns for pre- Radiological assessment of 283 air basis to about 3100 radiation workers concentration and also radiolytic particulate samples was made, of 285 establishments. About 28000 defragmentation of PAHS is through countrywide air monitor- films and TL-dosimeter were underway. Enhancement of the ing network. Safe operation of processed. Environmental/area sensitivity of Hf determination in PINSTECH nuclear facilities was monitoring services using TLD cards Zirconium Oxide by AES was carried confirmed through strict radiological (G-2) were provided and 847 TLD out. surveillance and environmental cards were processed. monitoring. Radiometric analysis Applied Health Physics services were provided for 2698 environmental samples received Secondary Standard Technical improvements were from IPD, PARR-1, PARR-2 artf Dosimetry Laboratory suggested for safe packaging and disposal of radioactive waste from During the reported period, 105 various places of 1ï1l plant. Personnel protection level survey meters, 36 radiation contamination monitoring radiation monitoring detectors, 247 services were provided on about pen type/alarm dosimeters, 7 neutron 16,463 occasions to different radi- survey meters, and 9 therapy level ation workers, trainees and visitors at dosimeters were calibrated and PARR-1, PARR-2, NCD, and IPD. certificates were issued. Beam output About 16,010 radiation/contami- measurements of 6 teletherapy units, nation surveys were conducted in installed at various Radiotherapy different labs./plants of PINSTECH. Institutes in the country were carried 8,628 smear samples, 400 air out and reports were issued. 431 60 137 samples and 162 water samples TLDs were irradiated using Co/ Cs were also collected from the halls of Mobile Radiation Monitoring irradiation facilities. PARR-1, PARR-2 and labs, of NCD, Laboratory (MRML) during field survey

20 Annual Report 2003-2004 Radioactive Waste reader was studied for reverse and possibly detect any malicious Management engineering and a preliminary report contents in it. Presently software is was submitted. able to capture all packets. It can also Approx. 1020 m3 of low-level liquid map the open ports, which is the waste received from PARR-1, PARR- Computers normal practice of worm for conti- 2, IPD and NCD having gross nuous monitoring ofthe system. A general-purpose interface module beta/gamma activity of 2211 MBq for data acquisition and control The SUN computer systems compu- was disposed off after necessary through parallel port for industrial tation services worth Rs.1.5 Million treatment. 17 kg of medium level solid process and laboratory automation against 1503.94 CPU hours were waste received from IPD was placed has been developed. This module provided during the period. Help was in an interim storage for decay/ 3 offers, 8 single ended analogue extended to upgrade PINSTECH disposal. 6.6 m of low-level solid inputs of 0 to 10V, unipolar & bipolar Library into National Library of waste having short-lived beta/ input range, 8-bit resolution, four Physical Sciences for establishing gamma emitting radionuclides was digital inputs/outputs, one analogue the Local Area Network in SID and received for disposal. 164 samples of output, +12V, -12Vand+5Von board. also installed Windows NT 2K base exhaust air from PARR-1, PARR-2 131 This module is used in the project advance Network server, Database and IPD ( l plant) were collected and "Design of development of an expert server and information server. got monitored for any abnormal system for process monitoring and release. Bore-holes were monitored control". Scientific Information 12 times to check the underground movement/migration of radionuclides Compact Muon solenoid (CMS) During this period SDI services were from disposal area. Controlled production center is established in provided extracting from 38,435 area/personnel monitoring was PINSTECH, which is a part Of PAEC- documents from INIS database, performed 10 times using area/ CERN collaboration. Commissioning 13,478 documents from technical personnel TLDs. 17 radiation sources of various packages such as batch reports and 27,654 documents from of 57Co & one "°Sr source from 132 object submission system (BOSS) TOC's of journals respectively. About MINAR, Multan, large number of lr and MySQL are completed. A Web 345 online retrospective search sources seeds from M/s Shaukat site is developed and published to results were provided from INIS Khanun Memorial Cancer Hospital, 1 reflect CMS production activities at database on CD-ROM to the users Lahore, 3 sources of "lr from FFC, PINSTECH. This site provides the from PAEC and other R&D organi- Rahim Yar Khan, Sadiqabad and 27 132 information about the status of zations. INIS database covers the sources lr from JIACCO (Pvt) production in PINSTECH. The URL period from 1970 to April 2004. Limited, Lahore were collected and given by the National Centre for Similarly, IAEA's non-conventional placed in an interim storage for Physics (NCP) for this site is: literature (NCL) and current contents conditioning and disposal. http://www.ncp.edu.pk/PAEC1/. database received weekly on floppy diskettes were also provided to the Electronics and Software for network security is users as and when required. Instrumentation developed to monitor network traffic

A safety log-linear channel was fabricated and sent to KANUPP for • .;>i field testing. A delayed neutron monitoring channels is being designed for KANUPP. Annual test and /' '««'iii calibration of PARR-1 was carried out. Routine repair and maintenance of instrumentation and control systems of PARR-1 and PARR-2 were carried out.

One dc power supply (0-1 100V, @ 0.1A), six personal gamma alarms; and a temperature alarm were made. Reconditioning of four surveymeters were completed. The instruments were developed for use in research and development work. Twenty transformers and one hundred fourteen printed circuits were made for repair and development work. A TLD CERN-CMS Production Laboratory at PINSTECH

21 Annual Report 2003-2004 As SID is the national center for and dissemination of scientific and PAEC Annual Reports for the last two International Nuclear Information technical information in support of years have been published and System (INIS) in Pakistan, the input different PAEC programmes as well printed in SID printing press. of the research material originated in as other R&D organization/univer- Pakistan in the area of nuclear sities within the'country. Programme Coordination science and technology is one of its primary responsibilities. During this The total collection of library now Programme Coordination Division period 370 inputs were processed stands at 35,542 books, more than provides liaison between and sent to INIS database of IAEA. 1.28 million of non-conventional PINSTECH, PAEC establishments, Similarly 285 documents have been literature (NCL) and over 60,536 universities and other research dispatched to INIS to assist IAEA as backdated journals. organizations within and outside the voluntary contribution by Pakistan. country. It deals with coordination of SID desktop publishing cell is all interdisciplinary scientific progra- Regarding the project "Upgradation/ continuously providing support to mmes, national and international strengthening of PINSTECH Library other divisions and establishments. research contracts, preparation of into National Library of Physical In this respect several jobs like PINSTECH progress reports and Sciences (NLPS)", Internet connec- 'Glimpses from Fresh Arrival', collection and dissemination of tivity through radio modem and E- PakAtom, 'AtomNews' 'Nucleus', scientific information and training of library system package is near brochures and different leaflets like technical manpower within Pakistan completion. Saline Agriculture for Participatory and abroad. All visits to PINSTECH Development Project in Pakistan, including VIP and experts visits are SID has continued its efforts for Nathiagali Summer College, Breast also taken care of by this division. speedy acquisition, storage, retrieval Cancer, Agro Land Leveler and

22 Annual Report 2003-2004 BIOSCIENCES

AGRICULTURE & (27.32 metric tones) of these varieties agronomic traits. Out of 9 promising was made available to the public and rain-fed lines evaluated in replicated BIOLOGY private sectors. micro plot trials conducted at 9 sites in NWFP, three lines produced higher PAEC has played a pivotal role in the During Rabi 2003-04, disease trap mean grain yield and showed wide enhancement of productivity of nurseries and disease screening adaptability. In the advanced barani agricultural crops by evolving 47 new nurseries were planted at NIA, yield trials, NRL-0228 followed by varieties, which have brought Tandojam; NARC, Islamabad; CCRI, NRL-0201, NRL-0211 and NRL-0227 additional benefits to the farmers Pirsabak; WRI, Faisalabad and Badin produced higher grain yield than the worth six billion rupees per annum. All for evaluation of prevailing spectrum check varieties. of its agriculture centres, namely of wheat diseases. Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA), Eight tons of quality seed of wheat Tandojam, Nuclear Institute for Results indicated the appearance of varieties Tatara and Takbeer were Agriculture & Biology (NIAB), new virulence capable of attacking produced at NIFA and Pirsabak Faisalabad and Nuclear Institute for genotypes possessing YrJT. Suscep- Research Farms. About 5.5 tons Food & Agriculture (NIFA), Peshawar tibility to widely grown wheat variety Breeder Nucleus Seed of variety are working on R&D programme with lnqilab-91 is likely to be attributed to Fakhr-e-Sarhad was produced for the objective of tapping the latest this virulence. From the screening future utilization. research trends in agriculture for crop nursery many genotypes have been improvement through mutation bree- found resistant against this virulence. Regarding the production of stress- ding, pest management, prevention tolerant-wheat through the use of of post-harvest losses and by con- The new candidate irrigated wheat agro-biodiversity, trials of advanced trolling salinity and waterlogging, etc. line CT-00231 completed its two stress tolerant and low input material years mandatory evaluation were conducted at various places conducted on more the 40 sites starting from Faisalabad up to Rahim CROP IMPROVEMENT throughout Pakistan. The results of Yar Khan. The yield remained PROGRAMME NUWYT conducted at NIFA, between 3000-4900 kg/ha with half Peshawar showed that under normal the inputs used, compared to the Wheat conditions this line has produced the recommended commercial varieties. highest grain yield (5067 kg/ha) and To evaluate the yield performance ranked first. In addition new hybrids were also and stability of Bhittai, a new high produced using commercial varieties yielding, disease resistant, drought The rainfed wheat line NRL-9912 and salt-tolerant wild species tolerant, possessing high protein and included in NUWYT-Rainfed perfor- especially Aegilops geneculata and dry gluten wheat variety, non- med very well with respect to grain A, Cylindrica. replicated trials were conducted at yield, rust resistance and other the farmers' fields during 2003-04. The proposal for its release has been prepared for submission to the Technical sub-committee for the Approval of Varieties and Tech- niques, Government of Sindh.

A candidate high yielding variety Sl- 911995 "Khirman" after evaluation in NUWYT, is being tested on progressive farmers' fields, particularly in the rice-wheat area. Three candidate lines having high yield, disease resistance and wide adaptation, viz. SD-66, 7-03 and RWM-9313 were promoted in the NUWYT. Wheat varieties Sarsabz and Kiran-95 evolved by NIA remained main cultivars in the province of Sindh. New variety Marvi 2000 was also inducted in the provincial wheat varietal system. High quality seed New high yielding wheat line developed at NIFA

23 Annual Report 2003-2004 Cotton The variety Chandi-95 covered Uniform Rice Yield Trial (aromatic) 12200 ha in Sindh and earned ranked 6th and 9th, respectively, and The Punjab Seed Council, in its 29th economic return of 650 million were sustained in the NURYT for next meeting held in Lahore on April 9, rupees. year. 2004, approved NIAB-111 as a variety for general cultivation. In follow-up programme, varietal A new advanced mutant (non- purity of NIA varieties has been aromatic) was contributed to the Performance of varieties NIAB-999 maintained over 24ha of Chandi-95 NURYT for its yield potential and and NIAB-111 was monitored in and 16ha of Sohni at different In stability parameters. different agro-climatic zones in follow-up programme, varietal purity comparison with other commercial of NIA varieties has been maintained NIAB-2000, an aromatic mutant has cultivars for various plant attributes. over 24ha of Chandi-95 and 16ha of completed three years in the NURYT Sohni at different grower's fields. The data showed that both NIAB-999 Based on three years results in the and NIAB-111 possessed the trait of Rice Punjab province, this mutant wider adaptability and stability for produced 9% higher yield than the different plant attributes in different Pre-basic seed 2427 kg of rice varie- standard Super-Basmati. cotton growing zones. ties Shadab, Shua-92, Khushboo-95 and Sarshar was supplied to Chickpea Evaluation of mutant NIAB-98, in progressive growers of Sindh and The chickpea advanced mutants various trials as a candidate variety Baluchistan provinces. for commercial release, was carried were evaluated in adaptation yield out. These varieties cover about 58% of trials at three locations in NWFP, i.e. the total rice area in Sindh. An NIFA, Agricultural Research Station, New mutant lines NIAB-824, NIAB- additional annual income of Rs. Karak and Agricultural Research 846 were bulked, and evaluated for 15759 million has been generated Station, D. I. Khan during Rabi yield potential and other desirable through the cultivation of these season 2003-2004. traits at NIAB campus. varieties. In case of Kabuli chickpea adaptation NIAB-824, the most promising Two candidate mutant varieties viz. yield trial, the line CMNK-262-26 among these has been included in IR6-25/A (non-aromatic) and produced significantly higher seed DGR trials. Basmati-15-2 (aromatic) have been yield of 2353 kg/ha compared to the tested in National Uniform Rice Yield standard check variety Hassan-2k Twenty commercial varieties, 45 Trials (NURYT) during 2003. (2271 kg/ha). strains / lines, 40 healthy plants of NIAB-111, collected during 2002-03 The non-aromatic mutant line IR6- Nine blight resistant mutant lines of from CLCuV-B hotspots, and avail- 25/A secured 7th position among the an exotic line Pusa 329 (Desi type), able germplasm were evaluated non-aromatic group and Basmati-15- and 6 bold-seeded and blight-tolerant through grafting against CLCuV-B 2 secured 2nd position among the Kabuli lines of variety Pb-1, were under glasshouse conditions while aromatic group. evaluated in multilocational yield CLCuV-M under net house condi- trials conducted at different locations tions, to identify the genes for The proposal of aromatic mutant in chickpea growing areas. resistant sources. variety Bas-15-2 "Mehak" has been submitted to the Technical sub- On the average of seven locations, Observations for multiple disease Committee for the Approval of Desi mutant line CM588/99 and resistance (i.e., CLCuV-Multan, Varieties and Techniques, Govern- Kabuli mutant line CM256/99 cotton mosaic, bacterial blight, ment of Sindh. exhibited the highestyield 1404 kg/ha stunting and boll rots) revealed that and 1124 kg/ha, respectively. most of these strains/progenies were To continue the purity cycle and highly resistant against CLCuV-old, production of pre-basic seed for To incorporate blight resistance and cotton mosaic, bacterial blight and supply to farmers, 20 true to type improved seed color, a high yielding stunting complex. progenies of Niab-lrri-9 and 40 hybrid line P40/91 was crossed with a progenies of Kashmir Basmati were blight resistant bold seeded Kabuli The pre-basic seed of Chandi-95 raised. variety Noor-91. (190 kg) and Sohni (170 kg) was supplied to government/private seed About 500 kg pre-basic seed of Niab- Hybrid lines yielded in the range of agencies and progressive farmers. lrri-9 was supplied to the Punjab 833-1750 kg/ha. A check variety Pb-1 Seed Corporation and progressive gave 840 kg/ha, while 6 lines gave The varieties Chandi-95 and Sohni farmers. 53-91% higher yield over the best released by NIA were promoted to the check variety. growers of Sindh with complete Two advanced lines namely, P 38-6-1 package of production technology. and P 52-9-2 included in the National

24 Annual Report 2003-2004 Oilseed Brassica Sesame sets of replicated yield trials during kharif 2003 at NIFA research farm. Mustard variety "NIFA-Mustard Sesame germplasm (106 lines) of Cariola" was approved by the NWFP indigenous and exotic origin were To evaluate the true breeding Provincial Seed Council in its meeting collected and planted during sum- germplasm, different sets of yield held on 8th October, 2003 for mer2003. trials and segregating germplasm commercial cultivation in the rainfed were conducted at NIAB. During the and irrigated areas of NWFP. Thirteen genotypes were selected on adaptation yield trial comprising of 16 the basis of earliness in flowering/ entries, line NM-15-11 produced maturity and ten genotypes were significantly higher seed yield of 1847 selected on the basis of high bearing, kg/ha followed by NM-45-24-1 (1833 earliness and dwarf plant type. kg/ha) as compared to the check NM- 98(1621 kg/ha).

Mungbean One set of Mungbean Regional Mutant Multi-location Trials (RMMTs) The high yielding mungbean variety was conducted at NIAB during spring AEM-96 evolved by NIA, Tandojam 2004. NM-1 produced significantly continued gaining popularity among higher seed yield (879 kg/ha) follo- the growers and covered about 30% wed by NM-98 (843 kg/ha). area under mungbean in Sindh. The variety has contributed extra income An artificial inoculation technique for of Rs. 32.6 million by its higher yield. the screening of mungbean germ- During 2003-04, 590 kg pre-basic plasm through grafting against seed of AEM-96 has been produced. Mungbean-yellow-mosaic was Two hundred kilogram high quality standardized. This technique is seed of AEM-96 was supplied to simple, inexpensive and faster. progressive growers for multiplication Screening of mungbean germplasm in 2004. using this method will prevent the chance of escape infection, probably Candidate lines were evaluated in the as a consequence of non-preference Castor bean-a high value zonal trials at five different locations mechanism and loss of vector industrial oilseed crop in the province of Sindh. The infectivity. The NIFA-Mustard Canola, being the germplasm of 156 entries was first ever-mutant variety of mustard planted for maintaining its seed for Lentil developed in Pakistan, is canola breeding purposes. Hybridization in quality and has the potential to mungbean at NIA is being tried for the Two candidate lines AEL 49/20 and replace the non-canola indigenous first time. AEL 23/40 were included in Lentil varieties, thereby enhancing the National Uniform Yield Trial (LNUYT) domestic edible oil production. The line NFM-12-12 was contributed 2003-04. The results provided by to NUYTs and it got 4th position in the NARC, Islamabad showed that the About 180 kg BNS of Abasin-95 and trials on national basis and 1st on candidate lines AEL 49/20 ranked NIFA-Mustard Canola was develop- provincial location basis. The yield first (2956 kg/ha) and AEL 23/40 ed at NIFA for maintaining the seed trials of the five mungbean varie- (2903 kg/ha) 2nd in province of purity of these varieties. Moreover, 60 ties/genotypes were conducted in Sindh. Twelve genotypes were kg pure seed of candidate canola different locations hybrid line (97-1/5-1) was also in NWFP during produced. kharif 2003. Thirty-four Castor advanced lines derived through Thirty castor lines were collected for eight different evaluation and characterization. cross Twenty-four desirable mutants were combinations of selected in M generation on the basis 2 local and exotic of desirable parameters. germplasm were evaluated for seed Six promising lines selected from M2 were grown as M, generation. The yield and some seeds of two local lines were exposed important agronomic traits in three to 150 - 400 Kr of gamma radiation for induction of desirable variability. Early maturing candidate lentil variety evolved through mutagensis

25 Annual Report 2003-2004 evaluated at five different locations in treatment as compared to control of bollworms population continued Sindh. Two mutant lines AEL 15/30 104.6 cm. There was a constant and through pheromone baited traps. and AEL 23/40 (1648 kg/ha) were gradual decrease in plant height with Overall, the population of the pink found promising. From two inter- the increase in radiation dose. bollworm moths was higher national nurseries, viz., Lentil throughout the year than spiny, International Drought Tolerance Citrus spotted and American bollworm Nursery (LIDTN) and Lentil Inter- moths as determined from the Seed-lessness was induced in national Elite Nursery Early (LINE-E) number of insects captured per Kinnow Citrus reticulata Blanco with of ICARDA, some early lines trap/month. Integrated treatment of gamma radiation and a sparsely endowed with high grain yield were parasitoids, Trichogramma chiionis in seeded mutant (5 + seeds/fruit) was selected. conjunction with pheromones, developed from highly seeded parent suppressed the bollworms infestation (25 + 5 seeds/fruit). After thorough Sugarcane more effectively than separate testing and confirmation of stability of treatment of pheromones or seedless character upto mV , it is NIA 98, a sugarcane variety 5 parasitoids at NIA. The bollworms ready for commercialization with the developed at NIA, Tandojam gained management cost through the progressive kinnow-growers. About popularity amongst the growers and integration of pheromones, and the 1000 seedless Kinnow mutant-plants has been grown on more than 5000 parasitoids was also less than will be prepared and sold to the hectare in Sindh. Proposal of the insecticide treatments. farmers during 2004, candidate variety AEC86-347 (NIA- 2004) has been submitted to Maximum eggs of the predator, Technical Sub-Committee for the Mango Chrysoperla carnea were hatched Approval of Varieties and Techniques when the egg cards were attached Some mango plants, having excellent for its approval. Breeding materials within the top 15 cm plant canopy. quality fruit, have been selected after generated through mutation breed- Whereas, minimum hatch percen- extensive screening. The selected ing, tissue culture and seed fuzz are tage was recorded in the cards germplasm is under the process of in different stages of selection and placed at lower part of the plant. multiplication and potential mango evaluation. Similar trend in the adult emergence varieties will be offered to growers for of the parasitoid, Trichogramma commercial cultivation. Banana chillonis was recorded. Studies indicated the significance of the Vegetables Banana clone Basrai (commercial sunlight for successful application of bio-control technology in the field. variety of Sindh) was used as initial To study the mode of inheritance, material and multiplied through gene action and to find out best Releases of both parasitoids and micro-propagation. Study on the combiner lines, several local elite predators at Habib Farm, Hyderabad effect of different auxins and tomato genotypes were crossed in on 150 acres of cotton successfully cytokinins on rapid multiplication of triple test cross and line x tester controlled the cotton bollworms and banana was accomplished. In-vitro fashions. Moreover, direct and the sucking pest complex. The cultures of 13 different banana clones reciprocal crosses between high application of bio-control technology were maintained and multiplied for yielding cultivars and exotic male managed the whole insect pest fauna mass production. In-vitro muta- sterile lines were also attempted to below the economic threshold level, genesis studies in banana were transfer male sterility trait. which was comparable with the initiated and micro-propagules were insecticides treatments. irradiated with different doses of Dry, dormant and healthy seeds of gamma rays. Protocols for molecular high yielding tomato genotypes were breeding are in progress to irradiated with different doses of Sugarcane borers streamline the methodology of RAPD gamma rays for the mutation Different stages of the larvae of Chilo and PCR base techniques. alteration of horticultural traits and infuscatellus exposed to parasitoids, induction of male sterility. Cotesia flevipes, after irradiating at Guava A new disease Alternaria leaf blight different doses ranging from 20 Gy to 120 Gy indicated that irradiation About 4000 seeds of guava cv. by Alternaria alternata was also reduced the immunity in the 4th instar Safeda were irradiated at 0.2 to 0.4 recorded. Its pathogenicity was larvae and greater number of the kGy doses of gamma rays. The data proved and taxonomy of the fungus was studied. larvae was parasitized at 60 and on the seedling height, number of 80Gy dose. shoots per plants, nodal length and stem diameter has been recorded. It ENTOMOLOGY Studies revealed that irradiation has been noted that the distribution enhanced the resistance in the for irradiated seedlings, regardless of Cotton Pests parasitoids against insecticides as the treatment, were skewed towards Studies on the monitoring of higher parasitic potential was the lower heights with the lowest American, spotted and pink recorded in the irradiated parasitoids height of 49.08 cm in 0.3 kGy than the untreated insects. 26 Annual Report 2003-2004 About 250,000 acres of sugarcane fruit damage by 61% and 41%, studied against the up surged were treated successfully with bio- respectively. Use of protein hydro- population of pulse beetle, Calloso- control technology in Nawabshah, lysate decreased the fruit infestation bruchus analis L. Results indicated Noshehroferoz, Badin, Mirpurkhas by 58% and fruit damage by 1%. An that genotype, NIFA-95 was found and Hyderabad districts with overall reduction of 44% was the most stable while Jubiha-1 was coordination ofthe sugar mills during observed in the fly population due to highly susceptible to the pulse beetle. 2003-2004 season. Bio-control all the IPM components employed in technology managed the infestation guava orchard. Maize stem borer of borers effectively below economic threshold level. In umbrella guava orchard at Kohat, Trichogramma were released for the where IPM practices like MAT, BAT control of maize stem borer. The Diagnostic survey of the sugarcane and bio-pesticide were applied, fruit parasites were released @ 20,000 crop at Tarnab, Charsadda showed infestation decreased by 62% while pupae/acre in the form of cards. Gurdaspur borer and bugs in the percent damage (pupae/Kg of fruit) Trichogramma application resulted in ratoon crop and cut worms, termites reduced by 60.4% compared with a 69% decrease in the damage and sugarcane shoot borer as major control. caused by maize stem borer. pests of the crop. By using NIFA- Techniques, a well established Brassica aphids Maize stem borer larvae were termite colony was excavated, and collected from the maize fields in there will be no need of insecticide in Twenty canola genotypes were Peshawar and kept in the laboratory future if not infested from the evaluated for their variability in for observing the development of the neighboring fields. degree of susceptibility to the aphid larvae or emergence of larval attack and yield potential. The parasitoids. Rice borers genotype W-97-0.75/11 harboured the least aphid attack and produced The batch of maize stem borer larvae Among the three systemic granular highestyield. completing development in the first insecticides tested for the control of two weeks of Oct., 2003 indicated rice stem borers, Cartap 4G proved Studies on the quantification of that all the larvae were parasitized the best toxicant on the basis of least aphids' population and yield showed and an average of ten cocoons of borers infestation and maximum that the genotype Agati Sarson (P) larval parasitoids were collected per grain yield followed by the other two received the least aphids attack and parasitized larva. insecticides monome hypo and produced the highest yield, while carbofuran. genotype TSA-1005/95 depicted the Stored Grain Pests highest infestation and produced the Fruit flies least seeds. Feeding and oviposition preference of red flour beetle Tribolium The Tandojam transparent plastic Pulse beetle castaneum was high and develop- trap baited with protein hyrolysate ment of larvae to adulls was rapid and diammonium phosphate in a ratio Relative response of 7 chickpea (24-28 days) in standard floj", vine of 3:7, respectively, attracted almost genotypes (Cicer arietinum) was flour ('Maida'), bran, and granular equal number of males and females of peach fruit flies. The highest attraction percentage (17 %) of the traps was recorded in PMT baited with Acetic Acid + putrescine in 300 ml of water and two drops of Triton.

Integration of Male annihilation technique (MAT), Bait application techniques (BAT) and cultural practices proved more effective than the separate treatments in most cases.

In Haripur, IPM studies on fruit fly control in guava orchards showed that during July - Dec 2003, neem oil application caused 90% reduction in fruit infestation and 65% reduction in fruit damage.

Application of water extract of neem seed reduced the fruit infestation and Mass Rearing Laboratory of beneficial Insects at NIAR, Faisalabad

Annual Report 2003-2004 27 During this year 416 chickpea entries were received from NARC, AARI and NIAB for screening against Fusarium wilt. During early wilt incidence 198 entries were highly resistant, 100 resistant, 53 tolerant, 41 susceptible and 21 highly susceptible. But at the end of March on the basis of total wilt incidence only three entries were found resistant, two tolerant, 48 were susceptible and 363 were highly susceptible. Due to high environmental temperature, 59 lines selected as resistant during last year (2002- 2003) showed susceptibility. This indicates that material screened during last 2-3 years does not have strong basis of resistance against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris.

Rice pathology

Termite Queen detected by NIFA Entomologists Survey of rice growing areas of Northern Punjab in October 2003 showed the presence of Bacterial starch ('Suji'). However, preference were characterized for resistance Blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas for wheat (dry and tempered) was against them. oryzae oryzae in all northern districts. low, hence survival was reduced and Incidence of crop damage by pest development was delayed upto 70 Highest prevalence of white rust was insects was also observed during days. Tribolium castaneum beetles recorded in B.juncea lines. Occur- survey. Leaf cutter (Grass hopper) preferred paddy to brown and milled rence of Alternaria blight was and leaf folder were found at rice for feeding, opposition or hiding, recorded in all the four groups. damaging level in nearly all the while larvae developed to adults in Response of 138 genotypes to white places visited. Damage due to stem brown rice only. The preference of rust was immune while the remaining borer was also observed at many Rhyzopertha dominica adults was entries were found moderately places but below 5%. Some of the high for brown and milled rice. Among resistant to highly susceptible. 27% of pest insects were collected for further varieties, IR-6 suffered lowest insects the entries displayed resistant studies. damage followed by DM-25, response to Alternaria blight while Fifty new isolates of Xanthomonas Basmati-370 and NIAB-IRRI-9. behavior of the 65% of the material oryzae oryzae, the causal agent of remained between moderately BLB, were isolated from local sites PLANT PATHOLOGY resistant to moderately susceptible. and purified from the diseased material collected during survey. No Wheat and oilseed Chickpea pathology pathology indigenous Pakistani variety out of A survey of chickpea for prevalence 100 collected from PARC was found A wide range of wheat/oilseed of diseases was conducted in Thai, resistant against BLB caused by brassica germoplasm was evaluated D.I. Khan, Chakwal and NARC, Xanthomonas oryzae oryzae. for disease/resistance assessment. Islamabad. Crop was poor in barani Under collaborative work with Crop area like Kot Shakir, Goharwala, Induced Systemic Diseases Research Program of Rangpur and Adhi Kot due to drought Resistance (ISR) NARC, more than 800 genotypes and it was good in irrigated belt of were planted for wheat rust Thai and D.I. Khan except Paharpur Induction of systemic resistänce in monitoring, epidemiology and area. Blight was not found throughout Chickpea against Ascochyta rabiei genetics at NIFA. Thai, D.I. Khan and Chakwal. It was was checked in growth room. found only in the experimental fields Different concentrations of salicylic White rust and Alternaria blight were of NARC, Islamabad, where it was acid gave 72-78 % protection to the two main oilseed Brassica inoculated artificially, and in some Chickpea against blight disease. diseases observed during the season adjacent fields where it might have Lower and middle concentrations of and a gene pool of 190 genotypes developed as secondary infection Bion (0.2, 0.3, 0.4mM) showed better belonging to Brassica juncea, B. through natural dispersal. protection (87-89%) as compared to napus,. B. carinata and B. campestris highest concentration (0.4mM)

28 Annual Report 2003-2004 (54%). Whereas, in case of K2HP04 For the identification of sunflower was particularly positive under saline middle and highest concentrations varieties suited for cultivation on conditions, the results of field (50 & 70 mM) had 75-83% protection saline lands, germination and growth screening of berseem and sorghum and lower concentration (30mM) performance of 33 sunflower varieties, provided by the Fodder gave only 23% protection to varieties was studied under different Research Institute, Sargodha; seedlings against blight disease. levels of salinity at seedling stage. showed that Sargodha-late and These studies have revealed that Synthetic-82 varieties of berseem, germination was less affected upto and Cargill variety of sroghum were PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND 50 mM NaCI salinity, while at higher the best salt-tolerant varieties at SALINITY MANAGEMENT level (75 mM NaCI) germination was BSRS-I, Lahore. not only affected severely but was also delayed by one week. At BSRS-II, PaccaAnna, Faisalabad, Salt Tolerance in Plants the field screening trials for selection of salt tolerant germplasm under Screening for salt tolerance of 120 Drought Resistance in Wheat saline conditions continued with genotypes of rice has been carried safflower, sorghum and chickpea out at different salinity levels under One hundred-seventy wheat geno- varieties. Under plant physiological hydroponics system. On the basis of studies, it was observed that seed growth performance some promising types were tested under controlled conditions at different levels of stress priming with chilling and PEG, lines have been identified. Among increased the germination percen- these lines, eight salt tolerant lines treatment of PEG-6000 (-0.25,-0.5, -0.75 & -1.0 MPa). It was observed tage of sorghum. Chilling alleviated were selected and grown alongwith the adverse effect of salt stress, and locally known salt tolerant varieties of that 52 genotypes had 60% germination at 1.0 MPa. Further testing of reduced CI' and Na* while enhanced NIA, Tandojam at five different agro- K+ and Caî+ accumulation in the ecological zones of Sindh for these 52 genotypes was done under net house conditions against terminal shoots and roots of sorghum evaluation of their yield performance cultivars. under natural saline field conditions. drought; 29 were tolerant, 8 medium tolerant, 13 medium sensitive and 2 It was also observed that glycine- For screening of wheat genotypes sensitive genotypes. betaine application enhanced under NaCI salinity stress, out of drought-tolerance potential in sun- sixty, ten promising lines were Phytohormones were used to reduce flower and increased crop yield upto studied with reference to biochemical the adverse effects of salinity on 10%. response to proline accumulation, wheat (Marvi, Moomal, SD-4085 and enzymatic activities and chlorophyll SD766), rice (Shua-92 and Sarshar) contents. The studies were found varieties evolved at NIA, Tandojam. Income-generation quite helpful to confirm agronomical It was observed that presoaking seed The newly started income-generating results and proved that Sarsabz, treatment with Gibberellic acid (GA) activities include Eucalyptus oil and Chakwal-86, DS-11 and V-8319were and Auxins (IAA and IBA) when used wood-shaving 'Buradah' production comparatively salinity tolerant (8-12 at 10 s to 10"6 M concentration had a from leaf and wood of Eucalyptus dS/m). pronounced effect on seed germi- tree. The economic analysis of the nation and seedling growth, the effect two activities showed benefit to cost ratio of 1:2.1 and 1:1.42, respectively.

The studies on brackish aquaculture technology showed benefit to cost ratio of 1:1.4, and a package for low- cost brackish aquaculture technology was developed. The other, new income generation activity comprising barleybased bakery products, was appreciated by public on account of medicinal value ofthe barley grain.

SAFPD project

Progress under the Saline Agriculture Farmers Participatory Development Project (SAFPDP) included installation of 12 tubewells, mass plantation on 1800 acres of salt- affected land, lining of 3 water Host Rearing Laboratory for the parasites at NIA courses, and establishment of large

29 Annual Report 2003-2004 cotton tracts for biocontrol of pests on efficacy of different irrigation systems and thus saved considerable amount an area of 130 acres. for economizing water usage and of irrigation water. enhancing crop productivity of wheat. SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT It was tested in a field experiment on Different irrigation practices affected wheat at NIAB farm.The results of this NUTRITION the water usage and crop harvests to study indicated that applying one a considerable extent. Bed & furrow Agrocer spray on soil, could save one Integrated Use of Fertilizers and ridges systems resulted in ,54% irrigation-water, however, the results and 22% water savings as compared need detailed cost/benefit study and At NIFA, a new project on integrated to conventional irrigation system. conformation in other conditions/ nutrient management of young soils. deciduous fruit orchards was started EPS-Producing Bacteria with already established young plants P-application Methods of plum and apricot. The objective is An organic soil conditioner 'Eucom- to study the effect of mineral nitrogen post' was prepared by inoculating the Studies continued to work out the applied alone and in different ground eucalyptus leaves waste with suitability of fertigation technique for combinations with organic forms of EPS-producing bacteria. The green- enhancing the efficiency of P nitrogen. The data recorded on house experiment showed that the utilization by different crops. Among pruned products, number of bran- use of'Eucompost' (having individual four P fertilizers, triple superphos- ches per plant, length of branches or mixture of the EPS-producing phate (TSP) proved to be the most and nitrogen content of the leaves bacterial-isolates), applied in effective P source for fertigation since indicated that 75 percent of mineral combination with fertilizer-N, improv- it produced maximum grain yield of nitrogen with 25 percent of farmyard ed seed germination, growth, dry 1.75 tons ha"1 followed by SSP, DAP manure was the best combination for matter and grain yields of wheat and NP by producing 1.60, 1.51 and both the orchards. (lnqilab-91 ) in a salt-affected soil. 1.28 tons ha"1, respectively.

The studies on Zn efficiency of wheat The effect of phosphobacterial and A field experiment on potato was genotypes continued and 40 geno- mycorrhizal inoculation in wheat was performed at farmers' field, for types were tested in chelated- studied. The results showed that comparison of P-application by buffered nutrient solution employing grain yield of 3016 kg/ha obtained by different methods i.e. farmers' 2, 10 and 40 pM Zn solution. The phosphobacterial inoculation was method (broadcast) with pre-mixed results revealed that 19 genotypes statistically at par with 75 kg P ha"1 (fertilizer + farm yard manure) and were efficient, 2 medium efficient and (3164 kg/ha), whereas mycorrhizal fertigation. Premixed and fertigation 19 inefficient forZn. treatment produced grain yield of method increased potato yield by 2867 kg/ha. In continuation of the intercropping 14% and 17%, respectively, over the programme, field studies were farmers' practice, indicating that conducted to evaluate the perfor- Tillage Practices phosphorus may be applied by mance of four cotton cultivars viz. premixed or fertigation method to A field experiment was conducted to Chandi, NIAB-78, Sohni and AEHM- obtain higher potato yield/econo- identify the best timing of N fertilizer 74 for intercropping with mungbean mical crop production. application to wheat sown by zero- (cv. AEM-96), It can be concluded tillage and conventional-tillage that cv. AEHM-74 and mungbean Rhizobiology practices. In case of zero-tillage AEM-96 were most compatible for maximum grain yield (2911 kg/ha) A research programme was initiated intercropping system with lesser was obtained, receiving N in 3 splits. to study the feasibility of producing competitive effect on each other. Although it was tried to simulate the organic or bio-fertilizers (humâtes) The effect of individual and integrated conditions of specially designed zero- from agricultural residues. Prelimi- use of fertilizers on the production of tillage sowing drill, by using ordinary nary studies have already shown a seed cotton yield, and N, P and K drill + planking, but the germination good promise, and the product is not content in leaves at boll opening was 41% less for zero-tillage than only economical but significantly stage of growth, was studied in a field conventional tillage, which may be beneficial for plant growth also. experiment using two cotton geno- one of the causes of poor seed Likewise, use of ethylene (plant types (NIAB-111 and NIAB-98). The germination/lower crop yield. growth hormones) formulations has results showed that DCP, a byproduct of gelatin industry produced Effect of "Agrocer-010" shown 15-25% increase in growth of significantly higher seed cotton yield leguminous and non-leguminous over control, whereas application of "Agrocer-010" is a 30% ethoxylated plants. Nodulation and N2 fixation the same P-dose through DAP montan wax produced by M/s. significantly increased in Sesbania (a produced 8% less yield. Clariant Pakistan Limited. They green manuring crop). claimed that its spray on soil reduced Studies were undertaken with the evaporation from soil surface and objectives to assess the relative suppressed transpiration from plants,

30 Annual Report 2003-2004 In preservation of fruits and vegetables by bottling, the effect of different pH levels was studied to extend the storage stability of peas, which were purchased from local market.

The pH of brine as well as vegetables decreased during 6 months storage at room temperature indicating that peas could be stored at pH levels of up to 3.5 without significant changes in most of physicochemical parameter during storage at ambient conditions. Nutritional studies

For "Iron Fortification of Wheat Flour" the work on second component of this project, i.e. acceptability was also Screening for Salt Tolerance in wheat (Glass House Study) completed.

FOOD SCIENCE decrease remained within acceptable Results of different parameters, set limits for 14 day storage. The present for the acceptability study, showed that differences among different Food/Feed Irradiation study suggested that a dose of 2.5 kGy in combination with low tempera- fortified and control flours were non- The response stability of irradiated ture (5°C) storage is effective for significant. However, ferrous sulfate polymethylocrylate (PMMA) strips reduction of bioload and extension of as fortificant had numerical edge over (collaborative project between NIFA, shelf life of minimally processed others. ATCOP and PINSTECH) in the dose fruits. Samples of 10 commercial feed ranges of low, medium and high brands were collected from the doses was conducted. The results A pilot scale solar drier is being market and analyzed. Feed after 3 months storage at room fabricated. The bitter gourd samples consumption efficiency in irradiated temperature showed linear response dried in electrical drier were in good feed group was slightly better than towards the irradiation treatment. condition after 1 year at room temperature proving the storage control group. Work on five different Meals Ready to stability ofthe product. Eat (MRE) samples provided by Army Supply Corps Center continued. The samples were analyzed for microbiological, physicochemical and sensory quality. All the samples stored up to 5 months at ambient conditions were found fit for human consumption and will be studied for further storage.

Post Harvest Technology

The impact of gamma irradiation and low temperature storage on sensoric and microbiological quality attributes of minimally processed apples and melons was investigated. A dose of 2 kGy was found enough to control fungal counts and coliforms in both the fruit samples. Firmness, appearance and flavor of apples and melons decreased with increasing dose rate ièij£ÉL rvkMiJï.. v. from 0 to 3 kGy, however, this IAEA training course participants visiting a Kallar grass field at Shorkot

31 Annual Report 2003-2004 characterization of a birna virus disease of poultry known as infectious bursal disease (Gumboro) was possible for the first time in Pakistan,

BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Medicinal I Edible Oils

Leaf samples of 14 trees of Eucalyptus camaldulensis, collected from NIAB, Faisalabad were hydro- distilled for extraction of essential oil. Oil yield in different trees ranged between 0.3 to 1.17%, and was above 1% only in 3 trees. Similarly, leaf samples of 15 Eucalyptus globulus trees, collected from Punjab Forestry Research Institute (PFRI), Wheat Crop at maturity (Glass House Studv) Faisalabad, were hydro-distilled. A significant variation in oil yield was The effective control of microbial load Pakistan being declared as found between tree-to-tree, ranging and non-existence of any negative rinderpest free for the first time. from 0.41 to 1.06%. A field nutritional repercussions of feed experiment was conducted to study irradiation treatment, makes this Vaccine Production the variation in content and treatment an ideal potential composition of essential oil in candidate for commercial application. During the period under report 8,000 Trachyspermum ammi, ('Ajwain') vials (80,000 vaccine doses) of NIAB- under different doses of nitrogen Animal Health and HS-vaccine amounting to 0.72 million fertilizer. Essential oil yield was Reproduction rupees, and 1000 vials (1 million almost similar (1.9%) in control and doses) of NIAB-ND-vaccine amount- 30 Kg N ha"1 samples, being Hormonal aspects of growing 'Nili ing to 0.45 million rupees were maximum (2.27%) for 60 Kg N ha"1 Ravi' buffalo were studied. During prepared and sold in the local market. application, whereas further increase prepuberal and estrus phases in N dose (90 Kg N ha'1) significantly In addition, a new vaccine has been progesterone remained at basal reduced the oil yield toi .55%. launched in the market for the level. It started to increase gradually Hydropericardium Syndrome of 3-4 days after estrus and reached the poultry. This vaccine is to be sold in maximum level of 8-12 ng ml"1 within BIOTECHNOLOGY AND the market under the brand name of next 12 days of estrous cycle. It GENETIC NIAB-Angara-Vaccine. Work is also remained at this level for 3-4 days and underway for the preparation of ENGINEERING declined gradually to the basal level vaccine against bird flu, which played of 0.27 ng ml"1 within 5 days. havoc with the poultry during this PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY year. Rinderpest eradication MolecularVirology Rinderpest is the most fatal viral Molecular Diagnosis of Resistance breaking strain of cotton disease of cattle with potential to Animal Diseases leaf curl virus from Burewala was cause gigantic losses. NIBGE parti- analysed for its association with cipated in the national rinderpest At NIBGE RT-PCR based molecular begomoviruses which showed that it eradication program for Pakistan diagnostic facility for morbillivirus is a recombinant molecule. It was through a multi-partied IAEA project. diseases has been established to proposed that this recombinant In this project molecular diagnostic provide training and technology molecule has evolved in a common facilities for rinderpest detection were transfer of this molecular diagnosis. host such as tomato that has recently developed and used to monitor A national level laboratory training mobilized into cotton. rinderpest in more than 12000 field course was organized that was samples from all over Pakistan. attended by scientists, academics, To identify the begomovirus associ- Under the National Rinderpest veterinarians and lab heads who are ated with the Mungbean yellow Eradication Program 2003, efforts involved in animal disease diagnosis mosaic disease, samples of infected were made which resulted in from all over the Pakistan. Through mungbean were collected from research using PCR the molecular various areas of N.W.F.P and the

32 Annual Report 2003-2004 Plastid genome for biosafety

A chloroplasts-specific gene (ArDH) was isolated from yeast and expressed in a model plant tobacco.

Chloroplast transgenic plants were developed to characterize the transgene expression and salt tolerance levels at heteron as well as homoplasmic states. Both types of plants have been developed and progeny transmission of transgene has been analyzed to confirm maternal inheritance, a biosafe way to control gene pollution.

A novel procedure of gene knock out on copy correction mechanism has Governor Punjab Lt. Gen. ® Khalid Maqbool visiting various laboratories been developed. This is the first and facilities at NIBGE report of its own kind in the scientific field to develop null alleles of genes or Punjab province. Analysis showed To overcome heteroplasmy and open reading frames from chloroplast the presence of mungbean yellow fertility problems in rice transgenic genome. It was successfully knocked mosaic India virus (IMYMV) in lines, protocols have been revised out a PSII gene and homoplasmic Pakistan. and new gene constructs are being lines have been developed, bio- developed with novel selection chemical analysis showed abolished The sequence comparison revealed system. photosynthetic activity in transgenic that it shared 94% nucleotide mutant plants. sequence identity with IMYMV Bacterial blight resistance (Xa21) gene was introduced into Super confirming that bipartite begomovirus Basmati along with other varieties like Transgenic sugarcane associated with the disease in Basmati-385. Pakistan is a strain of IMYMV. Bt-containing transgenic plants have Integration of the transgene was been developed and analyzed for The role of the movement protein confirmed by Southern blotting in stable gene integration into the (MP) and nuclear shuttle protein eight transgenic lines. All the three genome. Expressed toxins have (NSP) in the pathogenecity of Tomato lines tested exhibited high level of been detected using immunode- leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) resistance against the locally isolated tection system. was studied which demonstrated that strains of Xoo. the ToLCNDV NSP is a symptom Genomics determinant as well as a target of host A yeast gene named HSR1, was defense responses. transformed into tobacco through Cotton genotype NIBGE-2 perfor- Agrobacterium method and a number mance has been compiled and it Genetic Engineering of transgenic tobacco plants were ranked 2nd in DGR trials. Several regenerated and confirmed through crosses have been made for drought Successful efforts have been made PCR. The transgenic lines having tolerance and burewala virus to isolate and characterize the Coat HSR1 gene are being screened for resistance. Several virus free cotton Protein (CP) gene of Potato Leaf Roll salinity tolerance. genotypes have been identified in Virus (PLRV). CP gene has been year 2003 and are being tested again cloned in RNAi based vector to A synthetic spider neurotoxin gene, in this season. One cotton genoytpe develop PLRV resistance in known to confer resistance against NIBGE-115 was found to be 100% transgenic potato. the lepidopteran larvae, was virus free in virus infected area of synthesized based on polypep- Field studies of transgenic cotton cotton. tide sequence through reverse Coker-312 lines previously showing engineering. In Rice Genomics group, a phylo- resistance to CLCuD under genetic relationship has been containment at Faisalabad (NIBGE) The transgenic plants showed high and Multan (CRS) showed stable established between selected rice level of resistance against these resistance towards CLCuD. These germplasm collected from PGRI, insect larvae indicating that this gene lines are being evaluated at Vehari NARC, Islamabad along with 3 Research Station for Burewala virus is highly effective against these Basmati rice varieties. resistance. cotton pests.

33 Annual Report 2003-2004 Microsatellite analysis has been done increase in crop yield with 75 % strains Ca-18, 96-51, ER-20 and using different Basmati varieties and saving of N & P fertilizer. JCM1270. basmati breeding lines received from Kala Shah Kaku rice research station. Twenty-two strains of Rhizobacteria Fluorescence in situ A project has been initiated to from rhizosphere, 55 from endor- hybridization incorporate multiple bacterial blight hizosphere and 19 from rhizoplane, resistance genes in Basmati lines. have been isolated and purified. Seven PGPR strains, isolated from Molecular survey of rice germplasm Preliminary characterization has cotton, were differentiated in to two and Basmati varieties has been done shown that all are fast growers, 44 16S rDNA genotypes by using using the primers specific for were gram positive and 48 gram fluorescence in situ hybridization bacterial blight resistance Xa4 gene. negative strains, 4 gram variable. All (FISH) with RNA targeted nucleic the isolates were found negative for acid probes and confocal laser Plant Genome Resource Lab phosphate solubilizing ability on scanning microscopy (CLSM). Pikoviskia medium, Plant genome resource lab is a newly Most of the isolates were placed in developing lab at NIBGE. The work Rhizobia strains the genus Bacillus while the other on the identification of fiber develop- isolates were assigned the genus ment specific genes in cotton Five rhizobial strains were isolated Pseudomonas. (Gossypium hirsutum) has been from nodules of different guar initiated. About 29 of the reported (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) plants The phylogenetic analysis placed genes have been amplified and grown in NIBGE field. both the genera under different cloned in TA cloning vector and work evolutionary branches. The results Morphological, physiological and on the cloning of more genes is in obtained by using FISH were in biochemical analysis of these progress. accordance with the results from 16S isolates indicated that all isolates are rDNA sequence analysis. Six developmental stages of develop- gram negative, alkali producing and ing fiber were selected for the none of the isolates solubilized Bacteriocin production construction of cDNA libraries. cDNA phosphate. libraries from two of the develop- Forty different Rhizobium strains These rhizobial strains are being mental stages have been created and have been screened for bacteriocin characterized for IAA production, are being normalized to represent the production by Defferd's antagonism antibiotic resistance and carbon complete number of genes in a given method. Ten strains LC-31, LC-21, source utilization. set of library. PS-1, PS-4, 285, 236, 281, 309 and TAL-1827 were found to be bacteri- Re-inoculation experiments are ocin positive. These strains were Tissue Culture being conducted in sterilized further checked for their nodulation pouches to study host specificity as ability by plant infectivity assay. A novel system for commercialization well as the effect of these five of sugarcane elite varieties has been rhizobial inocula on the guar developed and trade marked as (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) plants. Induced systemic resistance "Smart Greencane™ Seedlings". Initially 22 rice associated PGPR Zinc mobilizing BIOFERTILIZERS strains from Tanzania and Pakistan rhizobacteria were screened for their biocontrol PGPR association potential against rice bacterial blight A microplot experiment was conduc- causing agent Xanthomonas oryzae, ted to evaluate rice biofertilizer for Cotton root associated isolates S-1 rice fungal blight causing agent zinc moblization. The grain and straw and S-8, earlier identified as Fusarium moniliformae and rice samples from rice harvest were Enterobacter and Azotobacter were sheath blight causing agent processed for estimation of zinc later proved to be Bacillus fusiformis Rhizoctonia solani. PGPR strain 2.2- content by atomic absorption. and Bradyrhizobium sp. through 7 showed biocontrol activity against Analysis showed 23.6 and 28.9 mg partial 16S rRNA sequence analysis, 1 all of these pathogens. kg' of zinc content in grain and straw, using universal primers Y, & Y2. respectively of PGPR inoculated Phytohormone production plants. A field experiment was conducted to Seventeen Rhizobium and Bradyr- study the beneficial effects of The capability of plant* growth bacterial inoculants with cotton hizobium strains were tested for IAA promoting bacterial strains and GA produced. Eight strains were variety IR-FH-901. Seven PGPR JCM1270, ER-20, K-1, Ca-18 and 96- strains isolated from cotton were positive for IAA production as 51 was investigated for mobilization identified by spottest. inoculated as single strain with 1/4th of soil insoluble or sparingly soluble N&P using seed pelleting technique. zinc compounds in vitro. Zinc The HPLC analysis favor these Biofertilizer application gave 30 % mobilization was detected from results. Gibberellic acid production

34 Annual Report 2003-2004 Aspergillus aculeatus were cloned in Escherichia coli, and their nucleotide sequences were determined.

Hyper-expression of cmc1 gene in Aspergillus oryzae was obtained using plasmid pCMG14. Surprisingly, transformed fungus constitutively produced very high amount of CMCases on glucose and maltose.

Characterization of industrial enzymes

After FPLC Gel filtration chromatography different xylanase peaks from C. thermophile were obtained. Using zymographic techniques four bands Biosorption based Pilot plant model for removal of heavy metals were obtained in the range of 20-50 fabricated under Pak-Kazhak project KD. was also tested by HPLC. None ofthe BioPower Alcohol/Methane production seventeen strains tested, produced gibberellicacid. Nearly twentyeight thousand bags of For improving the strain Saccha- BioPower were produced and romyces cerevisaiae, the invertase Bacterial genes for plant distributed among the farmers from activity was determined for both growth July, 2003 to June, 2004 for various parent and derepressed mutant legumes, cotton, maize, rice and strain of S. cerevisiae MD04 on Only a few strains with nitrogen fixing wheat crops in all the provinces of different glucose and glucose + ability have been identified in Pakistan. sucrose concentrations. Pseudomonas genus. INDUSTRIAL The maximum intracellular invertase n/'/H gene was detected in the present BIOTECHNOLOGY activity of derepressed mutant and study to further prove nitrogen fixing protein profile was significantly ability of Pseudomonas. Molecular Biology of improved in the mutant derivative MD04 compared with its wild parent All nitrogep fixers carry nifH gene, Enzymes at 30 °C. All kinetic parameters for which encodes the Fe-protein of the substrate utilization and ethanol The C hectomiumn thermophile nitrogenase. production for mutant strain of S. xylanase gene of 780 base pair has cerevisiae were also studied on 15% been sequenced and deposited in the Culture maintenance total sugars in molasses at different Gene Bank. Moreover, this gene was temperatures. Culture collection, preservation and transformed back in the parent using maintenance of various (Brady) a constitutive promoter construct. rhizobium, phosphate solubilizing Production of biochemicals and PGPR strains that have been The deduced amino acid and DNA sequence of Xyn A was used to Aspergillus niger strain was mutated locally isolated and characterized at s using Y-ray in a °Co irradiator, NIBGE as well as obtained from other search for the homologous sequence followed by MNNG treatment. The labs, were carried out. in the SWISS-PROT database. best mutant is being characterized for Fourteen new rhizobial strains These sequences showed significant production of glucose oxidase. isolated from cowpea and common homology only to xylanase genes All kinetic parameters for substrate bean grown in Tanzanian soils have from genus Chaetomium. Certain utilization and citric acid production been deposited in BIRCEN culture regions including PLIEYYVESF and for both the parent and mutant collection ofthe Biofertilizerdivision. AAP were highly conserved among these enzymes and also with other cultures of A. niger were studied on Four bacterial strains isolated from enzymes from different genera. different concentrations of total cotton grown in Pakistani soils were sugars. submitted to DSMZ German culture Cloning of endo-glucanase collection to make them patent gene The mutant strain was significantly strains. improved over its wild parent with The cDNA and genomic DNA of Fl- respect to both substrate consumption and product formation para- carboxymethylcellulase (cmc1) of meters. 35 Annual Report 2003-2004 sequence was restricted by xho I and sma I enzymes, respectively. This fragment was cloned in pBARMTE I vector. Cloned product was confirmed in pBARMTE I. Extremophiles

Different solid and liquid samples were collected from Khewra salt mine. On the basis of bacterial morphology, twentysix isolates were selected for further studies. Growth studies were carried out to calculate the doubling time (td) and specific growth rate (m) for these bacteria.

Services to Other Organizations

Professional scientific services were Coal heap set atAskari Cement Factory, Nizam Pur for Biodesulphurization provided to various departments/ industries including WAPDA, WASA, Production of alpha-amylase Production of Tylosin Chenab Fabrics and Processing Mills, Arzoo Textile Mills, Sandle Work started on alpha-amylase Hyper-producing mutants MFU-5, dyestuff, Crescent Greenwood, etc production with collaboration of MFU-12 and MFU-18 of Strepto- forthe analysis of various parameters Biochemical Engineering RRL team. myces fradiae NRRL 2707 were including heavy metals and anions Indigenous Bacillus lichniformis refreshed in seed medium and then in such as Cyanide and Flouride in RTS-1 (NIBGE) strain was used for vegetative medium and colonies samples which is a prerequisite for alpha-amylase production. were grown on plates to confirm their ISO-9000and 14000 certification. purity. The maximum enzyme production HEALTH BIOTECHNOLOGY was achieved 2700 SKB units with Biosynthesis and 10% corn steep liquor after 38 h of Biotransformation of Typhoid fermentation with pH 7.0 at 37 °C, 300 Mevastatin rpm and 40 L/min of air flow. The Work on development of multiplex estimated production cost of alpha- HPLC analysis of fermentation broths PCR conditions for molecular amylase with present status of all from 40 local isolates revealed five identification of pathogenic chemicals and utilities was Rs. strains to show mevastatin produc- Salmonella species was completed. 15/liter. tion. Maximum production obtained Thirty strains of pathogenic was 20 mg/L from isolate K19. Salmonellae were studied, thirteen Fossil Fuel Biotechnology Screening of further 20 strains, were detected as Salmonella typhi, isolated from local environments, twelve as Salmonella paratyphi A, Serological analyses wëre carried out resulted in acquisition of strains with and five as Salmonella strasourg. It is to study the microbial profile ofthe 20- maximum tylosin production of 40 ready for use for characterizing stock ton coal heap set for biodesul- mg/L. cultures and with further optimization, furization. Acidithiobacillus ferro- will be directly applicable to blood oxidans (HC-AF2), Acidithiobacillus samples fordiagnostic purposes. thiooxidans (KC-AT2) and Sulfo- Biosynthesis of bacillus thermosulfidooxidans (MT- Cephalosporin C (CPC) The work on multiplex PCR for 13) were used in the initial inoculum diagnosis of children suffering from for coal heap biodesulfurization. The sense and anti sense fragments diarrhea caused by pathogenic Quantitative ELISA results indicated of CAH b gene previously cloned in Escherichia coli was completed. that moderate thermophiles were pGEMT and T/A cloning vector were dominant bacteria in the leach liquor cut with Nco1, Xho1 and Xma1, Xba1 Production, purification and charac- while in heap both mesophiles and respectively. Then these fragments terization of a hemolysin from a moderate thermophiles were detec- were cloned in plant RNAi vector in uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain ted. Arrangements were made to order to incorporate the intron were completed. Success was establish a 300-ton coal heap for sequence between these fragments. achieved in purification up to the biodesulfurization, atAskari Cement, The whole cassette containing sense stage of obtaining a single protein Nizampur, Distt. Nowshehra. and antisence fragment with intron band bySDS-PAGE. 36 Annual Report 2003-2004 Hepatitis B while CBFB-MYH11 fusion gene Services to Public inv(16) (p13;q22) was not detected in Samples from 255 HBV positive any sample. PCR/DNA based detection of patients by ELISA or screening were Mycobacterium tuberculosis for 185 collected to investigate the An already-established differential samples, Hepatitis C virus for 1143 epidemiological distribution of HBV PCR was employed to detect fusion samples, Hepatitis B virus for 92 genotypes and to clarify further the genes in 16 ALL patients. BCR-ABL samples and bcr-abl translocation for genotype related differences in the fusion gene was detected in 50% 20 samples, (for chronic myeloid pathogenicity of HBV. patients. leukemia) was carried out. It was found that only two hundred Gleevec-resistance in ENVIRONMENT and fourteen (83.9%) samples were Chronic Myeloid Leukemia positive for HBV DNA tested with (CML) Wastewater Treatment by PCR. The prevalence of genotypes UASB reactor was assessed further as regards An Allele-Specific Oligonucleotide patients age, ALT level and PCR (ASO) PCR for detection of mutations The anaerobic treatment of waste- positivity. conferring Gleevec resistance in water from a textile industry was CML patients has been optimised. studied using a 35L UASB reactor. Hepatitis C Using this assay, 35% patients COD, BOD and TSS reduction were showed to have mutations. the parameters considered in Studies to find relation between ALT analyzing the process efficiency of level and RT-PCR test for diagnosing This technique is now being utilized to UASB reactor. HCV infection continued and from the manage Gleevec resistance in CML analysis of 500 samples, it was found patients in clinical centers with The results showed that the average that more than 76% patients with collaboration of teaching hospitals. gas production was 0.5-0.75L/day. positive HCV-RNA have high ALT The COD, BOD and TSS removal level while 17% samples have normal Protein Pharmaceuticals varied from 40-65%, 50-80% and ALT level. 14%, respectively. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) HCV genotyping by RFLP analysis mutant of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is Aerobic treatment of continued. During this period, 102 one ofthe important factors that result more HCV positive samples were in immune escape and cause failure wastewater analyzed for this purpose showing of immunization. Efforts have been The biological treatment of textile HCV-3 in 82% cases followed by made to isolate, clone and genotype-1 in 12% cases. wastewater was observed in an characterize the HBsAg DNA aerobic-biological reactor operating fragment from the HBV infected jS-thalassemia in fed-batch mode. The COD removal patients from local population. DNA efficiency was 23% and 76% when fragment encoding for the surface ^-thalassemia is the most common COD loading rate was 210 mg/l/h and antigen from hepatitis B Virus was 1866 mg/l/h, respectively. Total genetic disorder in Pakistan with a amplified, cloned and propagated in carrier frequency of more than 5%. maximum 89.2-91.3% COD and E. coli. The product, expressed 94.5-95.9% BOD reduction was For characterizing the mutations protein was readily detected by SDS- causing ^5-thalassemia in Pakistan, achieved by combined biological PAGE and confirmed by commercial system, sand filtration, and coagu- blood samples are being collected ELISA test. from various regions. IVS-l-5 (G-C) lation by alum and activated carbon treatment for paper and board mill and FSC8/9(+G) are found to be two Detection of Chromosomal most common mutations causing jS- wastewater. The resultant effluent thalassemia in Pakistan. Abnormalities could meetNEQS.

Prenatal diagnostic service to the Patients referred to the diagnostic Bio-remediation affected families has also been laboratory (60 samples) were found provided underthis program. to have karyotypes for Down Bioremediation of oil polluted area syndrome, Philadelphia chromo- due to accidental spillage from an oil Chromosomal instabilities some and other syndromes. tanker (Tasman spirit), at Sea View Karachi was carried out using in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Three families screened under this different oil degrading bacterial program requested for prenatal (AML) strains. diagnosis. The ARMS-PCR proved to RT-PCR was established for be a powerful, rapid and cost- Samples of crude oil contaminated differential diagnosis of AML. 50% of effective technique for carrier seawater and sand were analyzed for samples were found to harbor AML1- screening and prenatal diagnosis of % oil contents and moisture level. ETO fusion gene t(8;21) (q22;q22) ^-thalassemia.

37 Annual Report 2003-2004 Biodegradation of crude oil in soil mixed with sawdust was also studied. After twenty weeks, the percent decrease was 41%, 30%, and 25 % more in treated pots over and above their respective control.

Commercial Services

350 water samples received from WAPDA, textile industries, paper mills and drinking water companies through PIBS were analyzed. It was found that municipal and industrial wastewater drains are contaminating the rivers and canals and increasing pollution and are having adverse effects on aquatic life of water channels.

Genotoxic effects of Mammography Machine installed at KIRAN Karachi pesticides of deadly disease cancer, health PAEC also has large resource base Organophosphorus (OP) pesticides related applications of nuclear and operational strategy facilitates for (chloropyriphos) and Pyrithroides technology are of paramount timely repair and maintenance. PAEC pesticide (cyhalothrin) along with importance. Cancer Hospitals have the capabi- Nitrosoguanine (positive control) lities to renovate, modernize and were tested for their ability to induce PAEC has established 13 centers upgrade sophisticated electromecha- in vivo genotoxic effect in blood and (including INOR Abbottabad recently nical equipments attheirown. five fish organs. inaugurated in May, 2004) so far, which are providing latest and state of During 2003-2004, 192,000 patients A significant increase in %age of the art facilities for the diagnosis and were diagnosed by the Nuclear damage cells indicating DNA treatment of various diseases Medicine Departments using short damage was observed at 24 h post- including cancer. lived isotopes, obtaining planer, treatment with both pesticides in SPECT and while-body images of the comparison to control. %age of The contribution of the Commission diseased organs using gamma damaged cells revealed a clear dose through its integrated programme in cameras. These images provide dependent increase. the diagnosis of different kinds of information about the shape, size cancers and other diseases and their physiological and functional status of treatment has received considerable NUCLEAR MEDICINE the organs. Facilities are also recognition and acclaim in the public available for the treatment of and health circles. Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission thyrotoxicosis, thyroid caner, polycy- themia, pallivative bone pain, is engaged in the application of More than 327,000 patients are malignant pleural and Operational nuclear technology for the socio- receiving benefit from our cancer effusion etc. Radioimmunoassay economic development of the country care facilities annually. and in the wake of growing incidence techniques are used to detect small

State of the-art equipment available at PAEC medical centres for diagnosis & treatment

38 Annual Report 2003-2004 PAEC medical centres providing a wide range of treatment for cancer and other allied diseases quantities of homones and anti- various medical establishments are abroad, which calls for not only bodies. high enough that many foreign adding many more such cancer students are studying here for their hospitals but also with more The assays routnely carried out at postgraduate qualification especially elaborate and high-quality facilities. PAEC medical centres include in nuclear medicine. thyroid, pituitary, steroid harmones, Five more nuclear medical centres gonadotropins and various tumor Research work was continued on 16 are being established at Gilgit, markers. Besides Radiology, IAEA sponsored and 37 other Gujranwala, Bannu, Saidu Sharif and Mammography and Ultrasound for research projects in collaboration Nawabshah and are in different diagnosis, evaluation and prognosis with different international and stages of development. of diseases are also available. During national journals. Approximately 108 kanal land has 2003-2004 treatment was provided to been acquired for Gilgit Centre where more than 135,000 patients using Recently IAEA has granted a TC boundary wall and internal roads Cobalt-60 teletherapy units, Linear project worth US$ 280,000 on quality have already been built and acces- accelerators, Deep & superficial X- control and quality assurance of sory buildings like Officers and Staff ray machines, H DR remote after- radiotherapy machines. Hostels are in construction stages loading machines and Superficial whereas construction of main appliance etc. Upgradation and Expansion building is in tendering process. Millions of dollars are being spent by Research Projects Similarly 92 kanal land has been Pakistani patients for seeking acquired from Department of Auqaf PAEC nuclear medical centers have treatment of cancer-related diseases the added advantage of international contacts with more developed countries through International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and bilateral relations with friendly countries. It facilitates the access of our doctors and scientists to the international institutes and research organizations. This provides them with frequent opportunities of training, scientific visits and participation in the scientific meetings and conferences and thus keeping abreast with the day-to-day changes occurring at the horizon of medical field.

We also extend expert services to regional countries for the use of in- vivo and in-vitro nuclear techniques through IAEA technical cooperation programmes. Moreover, the standards of education and training at our Clinical Laboratory at KIRAN Karachi.

39 Annual Report 2003-2004 Punjab for establishment of Nuclear Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy Publications Medical Centre at Gujranwala. The to the MBBS students ofthe attached negotiation for acquiring land in Saidu Medical Colleges. PAEC Nuclear Medical Centres Sharif and Nawabshah is in progress. published 9 papers in national/ They also teach MCPS, FCPS, international journals, 10 doctors Teaching and Training DMRT, DMRD students and also attended different IAEA training provide guidance to M.Sc. Nuclear courses/workshops/meeting and 42 PAEC is training it's own manpower Medicine and M.Phil students in doctors participated in international/ by awarding M.Sc. (Nuclear collaboration with post-graduate national seminars/conferences/ Medicine), M.Sc. Health Physician institutes. workshops during this period. regularly. Fourteen students from different Doctors of PAEC Nuclear Medical hospitals are receiving training for Institutes are regularly teaching FCPS at INMOL, NORI and KIRAN.

40 Annual Report 2003-2004 NUCLEAR MINERALS

2 REGIONAL with radiometric counts ranging from Over an area of 600 km . The basin 150-1500 c/s against 60 c/s hosts sufficiently thick sand/clay RECONNAISSANCE background. Radioactivity is mainly alterations with low radioactivity AND PROSPECTING associated with carbonaceous (max. 300 c/s). There is rare matter, volcanic material and indication of syndepositional volca- Pakistan is bestowed with unique hematitic alteration. Radiometric nism. Satellite data of Nizam Pur geological settings conducive to the checking was conducted over 97km2 basin was interpreted and furtherfield formation of a variety of mineral area. work plan was prepared. resources. Nuclear Mineral Sector of Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Ground radiometry of Nagri formation Attock Basin is carrying out Uranium Prospection, was also done in western plunging part of Banda Lakhoni Syncline and Geological and radiometric studies Exploration and Mining in Pakistan. culminated in north eastern part ofthe were carried out on an area of 50km2 The main work is being executed Karak Anticline. As a result, two in the northwest of Gandghar Range through Atomic Energy Minerals anomalies were found at two different but no significant radioactivity was Centre, Lahore and its Regional sandstone horizons in north eastern detected. Exploration Offices in Peshawar, part ofthe Karak Anticline. Karachi and Quetta. Due to Khar Kot and Lassan areas These are Banda Shinkai anomaly significant uranium deposits in D. G. Darband and Tit Kamar Algad anomaly. The Khan an independent exploration Banda Shinkai anomaly is located project has been established for the Geological and radiometric checking about 400m SE of Banda Shinkai at prospection of uranium i.e. was conducted in Tanol Formation NGR-424876, 38-0/8. Radiometric and Salkhala Formation exposed in Detailed Exploration of Uranium counts range from 150-800 c/s Khar Kot and Lassan areas. Project, D. G. Khan. This work is against 60-65 c/s background, over a spread overall provinces of Pakistan. strike length of 300m. Radioactivity is The quartzites of Tanol Formation associated with hard bands and exhibit spots of low radioactivity In NWFP the main thrust of sandstone. Tit Kamar Algad anomaly ranging between 150-180 c/s against prospection, evaluation and explo- is located about 400m SE of the background value of 110 c/s. ration activities remained in the Mandanna village in Tit Kamar Algad. Radioactivity of the order of 500- following areas: Radiometric counts range from 150- 2000 c/s is associated with limonitic 900 c/s against 65 c/s background alteration within the graphitic schists Kohat Plateau over a strike length of 150m. These of Salkhala Formation. are mainly associated with hard Ground radiometry was conducted in bands in the host sandstones. Hazara Granitic Complex the Nagri Formation exposed in Radiometric checking was completed (Mansehra to Darband) Gurguri & Mardan Khel Synclines. over 45km2 area. Anomalous radioactivity has been Investigations were carried out in a found associated with various Paleocurrent studies were conducted new environment of Hazara Granitic lithologies which are manifested along and across the Mianji Khel and Complex from Lassan to Nawab area along the contact of fine and medium Gurguri anomalous sandstones. An about 35km NW of Mansehra. A few grained sandstone facies in the updated composite map of Gurguri traverses were also made in younger Mardan Khel Syncline. The Syncline covering 75km* area tourmaline granite exposures of radioactivity ranges from 150-1500 depicting geology, radioactive Gharkala in the vicinity of Mansehra c/s against 70 c/s background. anomalies, gas wells & uranium and covered 50km2 area. Generally mineralization was also prepared, the radiometric counts were low, The Gurguri Syncline has three ranging 150 -400 c/s against 120c/s 2 anomalous zones, one at southern 182km area was covered through background. limb near Alwar Killi locality, where hydrogeochemical survey in Gurguri radioactivity ranges between 150- & Banda Lakhoni Synclines and 125 Rustam and Mardan 3000 c/s against 80 c/s background, water samples were collected from while second on its northern limb near various sources for determination of Radiometry and surface sampling the Mianji Khel village and has three Eh, pH, TDS, cations/anions, were done in Ambela Granitic levels alongwith yellowish uranium uranium and trace elements. Complex at Landai and Badar Ziarat mineralization at one level and anomalies. radiometric counts (150-1500 c/s Nizam Pur Basin against 60 c/s background) and third Landai anomaly was checked for its on the western most plunging part of Geological reconnaissance and foot lateral extension where few zones the Gurguri Syncline in Shinkai area, radiometric surveys were conducted. indicated radiometric counts upto 2000 c/s in the boulders. 41 Annual Report 2003-2004 GandgharRange Hangu formation. Radiometric counts BALUCHISTAN range from 400-2400 c/s against the Seventy km2 area was checked but background of 150-170 c/s. Chagai Magmatic Belt no significant radioactivity could be recorded. It is mostly covered by silt, Lithological, radiometric, structural Geological and radiometric investi- sand and clay of recent sediments. studies and detailed geological gations were conducted in the Sand section showed 130 to 160 cps mapping were carried out in the eastern block of Eruptive Zone. radiometric counts whereas clay Takwan Basin, Nali-Kuppar Basin, 350km2 area was scanned in the indicates 110 to 120 c/s. Ara & Sidhandi areas, eastern Salt vicinities of Tuftan and Saindak, Range, while detailed sedimento- where Dalbandin, Juzakand Saindak Hydrogeochemical survey was logical & structural studies were Formations are exposed. Only the carried out to the NW and SE of carried out along four geological Dalbandin Formation has indicated Gandghar Range in the Attock Basin. cross sections in Saloi, Takwan and good radiometric signature near 23 water samples were collected for Manhre areas. Tuftan town. Radiometric counts pH, uranium contents, and TDS range from 250-8000 c/s against 75 studies. pH ranges from 6.97-8.8, Preliminary Exploratory Drilling was carried out upto 450m in depth at c/s background over 3-4 km strike uranium contents range from 2- length. Rock samples at anomalous 12ppb. three different locations to know the subsurface information. spots were collected and analyzed out of which one sample of Tuftan Shah Maqsood, Lora and SIND area indicated 627 ppm U308. Ghora Gali Area ROAC, track etch and gamma ray Hazara Slates, Manki Formation, Shah Gadro-Kachhi area spectrometric surveys were conduc- Tanol Formation, Limestone (Larkana) and Karonuk area ted in Tuftan anomalous zone and Sequence, Laterite Beds and Murree (Sehwan) adjoining area. Formation were radiometrically checked but no encouraging The reconnaissance survey was Three trenches in Tuftan anomalous radioactivity was recorded. conducted over 70km strike length zone were excavated to understand from Shah Gadro in the south to the subsurface continuity of the Chakdara area, District Dir Kachhi in the north. Low-grade anomaly. 5m excavation was carried radioactivity ranges from 80-150 cps out and 167 channel samples were Prospection survey was conducted in the exposed strata of Manchar collected. Uranium mineralization for fluorite mineral in the Formation. (metatyuyamunite) was observed in surroundings of old fluorite mines at one of the trench. Shallow recon- Chatpat locality and valleys of Karonuk area (Sehwan) occupies naissance exploratory drilling was Chakdara granitic gneiss. Major structures of Bhadra Anticline and carried out in Tuftan area. Radio- fluorite bearing zones were Naing Syncline. Low radioactivity of metric zones ranging from 25-128 c/s discovered at Jaba Banda, Chatpat, the order of 150-200 c/s (on digging were recorded against 10-20 c/s Badwan and Osakai areas. Fluorite increased to 400 c/s) has been background. mineralization occur as filling in shear observed at three locations with a zones associated with blue beryl in lateral extension of 30m. EXPLORATION AND pegmatites and in the form of patches & pods in friable aplitic granite. Kirthar Range EVALUATION Geological maps of Chakdara & Reconnaissance radiometric survey N.W.F.P. surrounding areas were prepared was conducted along and across the and Grid control mapping was also Manchar Formation at Gaj, Salgar & Baru Site, Malakand carried out over an area of 500 x 500 Surchar Nalas, Momani-Gaj and Karonuk areas. Only spotty radioac- Detailed evaluation of Malakand tivity upto 350 c/s against 50 c/s graphitic schist was completed as PUNJAB background was recorded, associ- first phase. Uranium mineralization is ated with limonitized fine grained hosted by the fine grained, fractured 2 Eastern Salt Range sandstone covering an area of 50km . granite filled by mica. Hematization is also observed in the fractures while Applied Research Group studied in Detailed foot radiometric survey was the excavated trenches indicate detail the uranium occurrences in the conducted from Gaj (in the south) to some solution movement. Structural Warcha sandstone, extension of Taki (in the north) over an area of studies were also done and it was 2 Paleocene unconformity and its 10km along the GS-I and GS-II of found that the fractures trend NE and relationship with underlying Forma- Manchar Formation (Wahi Pandi NW. The radioactivity is associated tions. The Warcha sandstone has area). with NE set of fractures filled by mica indirect contact with the laterite of and continuation of foliated granites

42 Annual Report 2003-2004 to the depth of 20m. Shallow Complex at Landai and Badar Ziarat Regional and detailed geological boreholes were drilled which amount anomalies. Lateral extension of mapping of Nari Panoos and to a total depth of 250 meters. As Landai anomaly was also checked adjoining areas were done at much as nine lenses, upto a where a few zones indicated 1:50,000 and 1:2000 scales to locate maximum of 9.5m thickness were radiometric counts upto 2000 c/s in future exploratory drill sites with encountered showing grades as the boulders. respect to the prevailing structure and much high as 600ppm of U,0„. stratigraphie setting. An area of Shanawah Site-Bannu Basin 7.5km2 was mapped at a scale of Shoprang-Swat 1:2000 while regional mapping was Uranium reserves estimation was conducted at 1:25,000 & 1:50,000 2 A detailed geological map was carried out over one kilometer strike scales over an area of 120 km . prepared depicting host tourmaline length of Shanawah deposit. granite and its late derivatives, Four geological cross-sections with The ore is distributed at two main radioactive spots, structural features accumulative line length of 4.34 km levels designated as 1&2 within and drilling fence lines for an area of were measured at a scale of 1:1000 & Shanawah anomalous sandstone-1. 350 x 250 m was covered. Detailed 1:2000. These cross sections were Total Reasonably Assured Reserves geological cross sections were prepared across the four major (RAR) of uranium are 433.49 metric prepared across each anomalous anomalous sandstones (NP1-NP4) tons over a strike length of 600m at zone. to establish the level of each anomaly level-1. The level-1 is expected to in the stratigraphie column and to Shallow angle boreholes were drilled yield about 640 metric tons of U30, for calculate drilling depth for future at Shoprang site which amount to a one kilometer strike length of the exploratory work. NE-SW trending total depth of 280m. Seven radio- prospect. The anomalous sandstone- geological section about 11km length metric zones, upto a maximum of 1 extend over a strike length of along the axis of the Nari Panoos 2.5m thickness were encountered another 2.5km, to the north of the syncline was also studied in detail. with maximum grade as 0.33% U30„. explored area for which EAR The core samples show that the (estimated additional resource) of Reconnaissance exploratory drilling radioactivity is mostly associated with 1600 tons of U30, may be added. Out remained in progress in the area, biotite rich part, in which feldspars are of this EAR, about 30% is likely to amounting to 6584m with an moderately altered to kaolinite. occur in the oxidized zone (above additional reaming job of 144m. water table). Uranium resource at Weak radiometric zones have been Chamiari-Tarbela level-2 (30-35 meters below the level- recorded which vary in thickness from 1 ) has 35-40 tons of U A only. 0.42 to 5.3m. Evaluation studies of Tarbela graphitic metapelites were carried Exploratory drilling continued for a SIND out. The samples indicated maximum total of 800.55 meters (496.00m non- chemical uranium upto 214ppm with core & 304.55m core) and as a result WahiPandi Dadu an average of 52ppm U3Os. Detailed 25 different radiometric zones of geological, structural and radiometric various intensities and thicknesses The exploration data was processed, studies were conducted along 15 were encountered. Structural studies compiled and interpreted. Drill hole numbers of geological profiles which were carried out over 4.6km* area. log sections along strike & dip, were made at 50m interval, for the One geological cross section along vertical fades map, geological cross preparation of an exploration map. fence line was completed covering sections, cross bed data plotting of 800m line length. Two drilling plans, Gaji Kumb, Sori and Taki as well as Exploratory drilling amounting to one in north of previously drilled rose and vector diagrams and revised 890m was done in graphitic development area and the other geological map of Gaji Kumb were metapelites and 400 core samples between 3000S to 3900S were finalized. Photo mosaics studies of were collected at an interval of 0.30m prepared and proposed drill hole the area from Haleli Nala to Gaji Nai for identification of chemical maps were completed. were carried out for verification of uranium/thorium and their equival- structural features. Hydrogeoche- ents. These samples indicated Nari Panoos Site-Kohat mical studies were proposed. maximum chemical uranium of Plateau 222ppm with an average of 40ppm. Detailed geological mapping was 2 Gamma and lithologs were prepared. Evaluation studies were conducted at conducted over an area of 0.28 km at The gamma log revealed maximum Nari Panoos anomalous horizon I, II & a scale of 1:500. Three sedimento- peak of 140 c/s against 80-100 c/s III. Detailed structural studies were logical sections were measured to a background. conducted to understand the struc- total line length of 11.464 km at Gaji tural configuration of the anomalous Kumb, Sori Rind, Sori Nala and Taki- Rustam and Mardan block. Data was acquired during the Dhoro localities. Lithological and field investigation for further radiometric observations were Radiometry and surface sampling interpretation. recorded along these sections. were done in Ambela Granitic

43 Annual Report 2003-2004 Radioactivity ranging between 4000 Resistivity survey was conducted in field groups for varied nature of to 6000 c/s and at places 10,000 was CPC colony area for designing elements/radicals. recorded at the base of GS-II cathodic corrosion protection of gas sandstone, associated with highly line network. MINING AND HEALTH hematized/limonitized alteration. PHYSICS ROAC, track etch and gamma ray Hydrogeochemical studies were spectrometric surveys were done in Reports and available data was conducted on water samples of Tuftan anomalous zone and adjoining studied regarding exploitation of Sillai boreholes at Gaji Kumb, Sori and areas. Patti ore deposit. Information about Taki. the mining machinery was collected Track Etch and Gamma Ray frorri the relevant importers in the Exploratory deep drilling was carried Spectrometric Survey were carried market. out at Gaji Kumb and Sori sites. A out in Tuftan radiometric zone and total of 2470m drilling was done adjoining areas. The spectrometric A proposal was prepared for drivage including 818m of reaming job as survey alongwith different lines were of two parallel experimental inclines well. also conducted to assess contribu- of 100 hneters length each at tion of naturally occurring radio- Shanawah deposit site for monitoring REMOTE SENSING & elements in depositional system. of subsurface behavior of the strata Data was collected in uranium, for future underground mining plan. COMPUTER thorium, potassium and total counts Planning & dèsign work of ISL test ät APPLICATION channels. The ASPF (Alpha Shanawah deposit site is continued. Sensitive Plastic Film) related to track Landsat TM data were processed etch survey of Tuftan radiometric ORE PROCESSING and printed to enhance the lithology zone and adjoining areas have been STUDIES and structure of Dina (Sohawa), dispatched to SSNTD laboratory PINSTECH for processing and Kohat Plateau, Nizam Pur basin, In-Situ Leach Studies Alamreg & Tarbela, Halaksar, counting. Jogianosar & Mansehra, Chakdara & Studies on the core samples received Peshawar, Swat, Sulaiman Range, Proposed bore holes for cross hole Seismic Survey at C-ll Site Chashma from Shanawah uranium ore deposit D.G. Khan & vicinity areas, Nagar pertaining to 244.95m to 247.95m Parkar, Larkana & Dadu Sind, were investigated. Relevant information were collected at site and depth, on permeability, porosity, Khuzdar, Jacobabad, Kalat, Lasbela lixiviant suitability and oxidant & Kharan Distt. Baluchistan. further instructions were conveyed to drilling party. consumption were performed by Processing and printing of drill-hole using different lixiviants, such as data of Shanawah deposit was GEOTECTONICS sodium carbonate, ammoniums bi carried out for evaluation studies & In carbonate sodium bicarbonate and Situ Leach Mining Plan. Landsat Image of Nagar Parkar area HjS04. The study revealed that in this particular area only 26% leaching GEOPHYSICS was interpreted for proposed repository site investigations. Litho- could be completed and according to mineralogical studies, the low ROAC and spectrometric survey data structural elements and siesmo- tectonic stability of the area were leaching of the sample may be of Nari Panoos and Kohat Plateau attributed to the presence of high clay was processed and interpreted. checked. A seismic hazard map of Pakistan was produced. content in this particular portion of Software for mine ventilation network the strata. Further studies on waxed analysis was developed for A reconnaissance survey was carried core samples from different locations Shanawah ISL mining plan. out in the vicinity of Ornach-Nal and ofthe same site are in progress. southern Kirthar faults (Sind) to know Rock samples of Marwat Range were the geological setup and neotectonic Studies on Extraction of prepared for fission track analysis. status ofthe area. Rare Earths From The comparative studies on K-factor LABORATORIES Carbonatite for gamma probes of vehicle mounted logging unit (MGX-II) and Mineralogy laboratories carried out Scout tests were performed on 500 Robertson logging unit at Nangar Nai analysis of 1074 rock samples for kg Sillai Patti carbonatite rock for its site were completed. petrography, heavy minerals ana- physical upgradation. The results lysis, XRD analysis and autoradio- revealed that the carbonatite can be Preliminary high resolution seismic graphy. physically upgraded from 0.2% to survey was conducted for the 0.8%. Further experimentation was development of repository for Chemistry laboratories carried out performed to observe the leaching subsurface assessment of salt 16880 estimations on 5484 rock and behavior on the physically upgraded bodies exposed in Manzalai anticline, water samples supplied by different concentrate for the extraction of rate Distt. Kohat.

44 Annual Report 2003-2004 earth elements. Using nitric acid the 74.0%, 78.28%, 70.42%, 73.20%, SERVICES TO SISTER leaching efficiency on feed basis 74.04% and 74.42% respectively. ORGANIZATIONS obtained was 58% CeA, 63% La20„ The rare earths concentrate was 33% YA, and 74% Nd203. Detailed separated from thorium concentrate Subsurface samples of one cubic feet R&D proposal on the extraction of and it contains 0.004% UA, 0.078% size were collected from proposed rare earth from carbonatite has been Th, 0.02% Si02, 14.08% La203, Windmill site near KANUPP and submitted for approval from 37.27% Ce A, 11.18% Nd203 with analysed at AEMC Labs. competent authority. traces of PAandFe203. Newly purchased rig (Dando) Multi Process Development for Physical Upgradation of Tech-25 was commissioned and tested in the field environments at Production of Thorium Low-Grade Chromite Ore NMC-I Taunsa site. One borehole Metal from Monazite Ore was drilled upto 450 m depth with a Two different batches, one of 2125 kg reaming job of 102 m. The Thorium-oxalate Th(C204)2. and the other 1000 kg of low grade 2HjO has been prepared form chromite ore received from Hero- Soilcon rendered services to KCP-I, Shah were processed for physical monazite ore, (Ce, La Th) P04, Presson, Descon, Nespak, NMC-I, which was received from Sonmiani upgradation using induced magnetic Habib Rafique Ltd., Angora Textile separator and electrostatic separator. beach near Karachi. This thorium Ltd., Berkeley school, High Tech, It was revealed that the chromite ore oxalate has Th0 = 56.82% (49.93% OPF, DRE etc., C41, KAPCO, Geo- 2 was physically upgraded from 42% to Th), U,0, = N.D. PA = 0.05%, Fe Research, Geo-Consult Associates, 97% with overall recovery of 72.7%. Total = < 0.01%, CeO = 0.28%, Dimen Associates, H.M. Associates, z Craftcone, PAEC (MDP) and D.Q.A. La203 < 0.01%, NdA < 0.01%, Process Development for (Islamabad) worth Rs. 1,402,325/-. SmA = 0.53% and Gd203 = 0.2%. Production of High Purity These results obtained are very Silicon One Longyear drill hole SA-I was encou-raging as the thorium oxalate drilled at Ravi Rayon area for geo- produced is free from uranium and The experimentation is being carried technical studies. Drilling amounted iron contents. Moreover, the rare out to achieve the maximum recovery to 144.33m depth including 37.83 m earth elements and P2Os are present of high purity silicon crystals from rice reaming job as well. Preparation of within permissible limits. husk / straw. In this connection, the maps showing earthquake epicen- ters distribution data on a scale of During the production of thorium cleaning of rice husk/straw ash was treated with HCl to remove all the acid 1:10000000 and 12 number of graphs oxalate, the monazite ore was showing sea level fluctuation of the digested with sodium hydroxide to soluble impurities. The bomb- reduction was carried out to reduce year 2003 for report on "Tsunami remove the phosphate. This digested studies, KANUPP Karachi" has been the Si02 to Si and the reduction was monazite concentrate was leached done. Shallow drilling was carried out with HCl and thorium, PrA, Y 0 , carried out successfully. The silicon 2 3 crystals were prepared and the upto 42.5m depth for SPT & UDS La A, CeAand NdA were leached efforts are being made to improve the tests at Kundian C-ll and Chashma giving the leaching efficiency as purity ofthe crystals formed. C-llarea.

45 Annual Report 2003-2004 SAFETY

Directorate of Safety (DOS) is a new experience and international practi- Removal System, Auxiliary Feed directorate created within PAEC to ces. The RCPR comprises of six Water System etc. of Chashma promote safety culture and practices experts each from major activity of Nuclear Power Plant (CNPP) have in all PAEC establishments in order to PAEC, headed by a Member. Other been prepared during the period address the full spectrum of safety experts can also be invited for under report. needs of PAEC. DOS will encourage detailed briefing if required. the management and employees in Participation of DOS sponsoring and enhancing safety Personnel in PNRA practices within their establishments. INSPECTION Regulatory Inspection DOS is working as an intermediary ACTIVITIES Activities and a focal point for interaction between Pakistan Nuclear Regu- DOS personnel participated in the latory Authority (PNRA) and the Regulatory Inspections of inspections of PAEC facilities relevant projects/establishments of PAEC Projects conducted by PNRA. DOS personnel PAEC. DOS functions also include keep a record of inspection findings performing Internal Safety Audits of DOS personnel performed prelimi- and facilitate PNRA by expediting the all PAEC establishments. DOS is nary inspection and audit of KANUPP execution of corrective actions setting up an appropriate profes- Radiation Protection and Waste suggested by PNRA. sional environment with the technical Management Systems. In addition, tools necessary for carrying out CENUM, INMOL, Lahore, AEMC, The regulatory inspections of Safety Analysis, Safety Assessment KIRAN, Karachi and PINUM, PINSTECH facilities namely, PARR- and Safety Reviews. Faisalabad were also visited from 1, PARR-2, NCD and NMD were perspective of medical emergencies. conducted jointly by DOS and PNRA Review Committee for officials. These inspections covered Preparation of Inspection inter alia operational safety, PNRA Regulations (RCPR) maintenance and surveillance acti- Checklists vities. Similarly regulatory inspection A technical committee called the of C & F Branch Karachi was also "Review Committee for PNRA As part of the DOS inspection jointly conducted by DOS and PNRA Regulations (RCPR)" has been programme, checklists for Inspection to inspect the receiving, storage, constituted at the PAEC level and of Radiation Protection Systems at handling, transport and delivery of Directorate of Safety coordinates its KANUPP, Radioactive Waste Mana- radioactive material by DTP C & F activities. RCPR reviews the PNRA gement Systems at KANUPP, Branch to various hospitals of PAEC documents including regulations, Radioactive Waste Management and other consignees. regulatory guides, code of practices Systems at CHASNUPP and Safety etc. in the light of PAEC operating Iniection Svstem, Residual He?*

Director DOS delivering a presentation on the occasion of Deputy Director General IAEA visit to PAEC HQs

46 Annual Report 2003-2004 + Emergency Response This database may be helpful in importe activities of the said Management Drills identifying the particular HEME in Refueling Outage. case of accident/failure or any safety related problem of that equipment if A comprehensive report indicating DOS has established an Emergency occurred in relevant PAEC establish- observations made during the above Response Coordination (ERC) ments. mentioned activities was also Centre at PAEC HQ to coordinate the prepared. activities of the local Emergency The database will further be helpful in Preparedness Centres at different investigating the root cause of the Collaboration with China locations and provide guidance to accident/failure of the particular them. equipment and taking preventive PAEC signed a contract with China measures for similar equipment Sector and Station Emergency drills for the purchase of Chashma Nuclear installed in otherestablishments. were conducted at KANUPP on 17th Power Plant (CNPP) Unit-2. January, 2004 as part of their radiological emergency plans. Advisory Services to PAEC In order to get better understandings Establishments of the position of National Nuclear The purpose was to test the Safety Administration (NNSA), China integrated response capability of The prime and foremost objective of and other concerned Chinese KNPC personnel with a realistic the Directorate of Safety (DOS) is to organizations regarding licensing of simulated incident. enhance safety at PAEC establish- CNPP Unit-2 and to seek technical ments and to act as focal point for all collaboration and training of DOS The drill was performed to fulfill one of matters related to nuclear safety. In personnel in nuclear safety, radiation the licensing requirements of this regard, DOS provided guidance protection as well as non-nuclear National Regulatory Authority, to various PAEC establishments on safety, a five members delegation of PNRA. DOS personnel witnessed the important nuclear safety and radia- DOS personnel, visited China from drill at KNPC site as observers. The tion protection issues arising from 28-03-2004 to 02-04-2004 and held Emergency Response Coordination time to time. meetings with various Chinese (ERC) Centre, established in DOS, organizations including NNSA, coordinated the above mentioned Beijing Institute of Nuclear Engin- Exercises/Drills at PAEC HQ. OSART Mission at eering (BINE), China Atomic Energy CHASNUPP-1 Authority (CAEA) and Institute of Site Coordination Centre at Nuclear and new Energy Techno- IAEA Operational Safety Review logies (INET). CHASNUPP Team (OSART) visited CHASNUPP- 1 at the invitation of Pakistan from In this context, to carry out a DOS has set-up a Site Coordination January 12,2004 to January 30,2004 comprehensive safety review of C-2 Centre at CHASNUPP to continu- to conduct operational safety review within PAEC before the review of ously monitor the plant events/ of Chashma Nuclear Power Plant. PNRA, it is planned that DOS may activities on day to day basis and to enter into a bilateral agreement with provide quick feedback of the events DOS personnel from Headquarters, National Nuclear Safety Administra- occurring at the Plant. By establishing as well as its Regional Co-ordination tion (NNSA). That would be helpful for a Site Coordination Centre, DOS is in Centre located at the site participated a very extensive safety review of C-2 a position to keep a close watch on as observers in the review areas of as well as to develop a strong and the activities/developments at the organization & administration, main- sustainable nuclear safety infrastruc- Plant especially those involving tenance, technical support, chemistry ture in PAEC. safety. and emergency planning & preparedness etc. DOS intends to establish similar Site Participation in the Coordination Centres at KANUPP RFO-2 Activities at activities of International and other reactor sites in the future. CHASNUPP-1 Regulatory Review Team (IRRT) Database of Heavy 2nd Refueling Outage (RFO-2) Electrical and Mechanical activities at the Chashma Nuclear An IAEA-IRRT expert mission, Equipment (HEME) Power Plant (CHASNUPP-1) were comprising of six members, to review conducted from April 10, 2004 to the regulatory activities of PNRA A database of heavy electrical and June 26, 2004. DOS Personnel from visited Pakistan from 30th November mechanical equipment (HEME) of Headquarters, as well as its Site Co- to 12th December, 2003. twenty three (23) PAEC establish- ordination Centre located at CNPP, ments using ORACLE software has participated as observers in the During this visit Mr. Richard been developed. Wessman of USNRC and Mr. Lyn

47 Annual Report 2003-2004 Bevington of IAEA visited reviewed and comments were Guidance on Import and Export of CHASNUPP, from 4-5 December, provided. Radioactive Sources, IAEA- 2003 to observe the Inspection and CODEOC/2004. Emergency Planning and Prepared- Organization and Implementation of ness activities of PNRA. Personnel a System for the Regulatory Control Radiological Criteria for Radio- from Directorate of Safety (DOS) of Radiation Sources in Medicines, nuclides in Commodities, RS-G-1.7. participated/closely observed the Industry, Research, Agriculture and IRRT mission activities during this Education-Draft Safety Guide DS 67. Recruitment, Qualification and period at CHASNUPP. A report in this Training of Personnel for Nuclear context was also submitted. Joint Convention on the Safety of Power Plants. Spent Fuel Management and on the Review of IAEA Draft Safety of Radioactive Waste Documents Management-INlFCIR/603/Rev. 1 Code of Conduct on the Safety and The following IAEA safety related Security of Radioactive Sources- documents have been critically

48 Annual Report 2003-2004 HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT

COMPUTER TRAINING Participants of this course were Post Graduate Training nominees from different Universities CENTRE (CTC) and PAEC organizations. Twenty- Thirty-three trainees of the batch-2 three (23) nominees joined the (Session 2002-2003) of Post The main activity at CTC is its training course and twenty (20) successfully Graduate Training Program joined programs in computer system passed out on 6th October, 2003. KINPOE in the last week of August software and hardware to meet the 2003. Final semester classes are in requirement of skilled manpower in The 11th batch of Post Graduate progress. Total class strength is various PAEC projects/establish- Computer Orientation Course twenty-four. Final examinations are ments. CTC conducted the M.Sc. IT (PGCOC-11) started from 12th April, scheduled in the second week of July programs for the sessions 2001-03, 2004. Ten (10) nominees from 2004. 2002-04 and 2003-05. CTC also different PAEC departments joined conducted its 10th regular Post the course, out of which nine (9) are Post Diploma Training Graduate Computer Orientation currently studying. This course will Course (PGCOC-10) in Computer complete on 11 th October, 2004. Fifty-seven successful trainees ofthe Systems Software & Hardware and batch-32 (Session 2002-2003) ofthe started the 11th batch of PGCOC. Literacy Program for the Post Diploma Training Program were The Computer Literacy courses were relieved from KINPOE in November successfully conducted for the Children of PAEC 2003. All the trainees joined their children of PAEC Employees. Employees respective establishments in November2003. M.Sc. IT Program A Computer Literacy Program was conducted for 59 children of PAEC employees from 10-05-2004 to 04- The 33rd batch (Session 2003-2004) The 1 st batch of Master of Science in 06-2004. Those students who had with a total strength of 71 trainees Information Technology, M.Sc. IT appeared in their matriculate joined KINPOE in December 2003. (2001-03) passed out on 18-09-2003. examination were called for this Zero semester examinations Fifteen students (10 Self-financed + 5 program. concluded in February 2004. Fellows) successfully completed the Seventy-one students appeared in course. In the final semester (5th the examination where as forty-nine semester), which was completely KANUPP INSTITUTE OF students qualified. First semester reserved for projects, fifteen projects concluded in May 2004. were completed by the fellows. NUCLEAR POWER ENGINEERING The 2nd batch of Master of Science in (KINPOE) CHASNUPP CENTRE Information Technology, M.Sc. IT FOR NUCLEAR (2002-04) started on October 07, 2002. Nineteen (19) fellows joined M.Sc. Nuclear Power TRAINING (CHASCENT) the course. Currently sixteen (16) Engineering fellows are studying in the final (5th) Postgraduate training of 36 semester, which is completely Final result of the batch-9 (Session CHASCENT fellows batch-2 and reserved for the project work. The 2001-2002) was declared by NED postdiploma training of 37 O&M semester will complete in September University in September 2003. All the technicians of batch 6 has been 2004. The 3rd batch of Master of 32 successful graduates from this completed. Four weeks retraining Science in Information Technology, batch joined their respective places of program of all crews of MCR M.Sc. IT (2003-05) started on posting in the last week of September engineers and technicians was October 06, 2003. Thirty-one (31) 2003. Final semester examinations of conducted on regular basis during fellows joined the course out of which the batch-10, consisting of 37 reported period. Four months nineteen (19) fellows are studying in students, (Session 2002-2003) was CHASNUPP systems course was the 2nd semester. The 1st semester concluded in the second week of also conducted. Five MCR engineers has been successfully completed. June 2004. 11th batch (Session were examined and licensed by the 2003-2004) of 84 fellows joined Regulatory Authority for the position PGCOC Program KINPOE in the second week of of Shift Engineer in the plant. December 2003. First semester final The 10th batch of Post Graduate examinations have concluded in Pre RFO lectures on lessons learned Computer Orientation Course June 2004 leaving the strength to 47. from RFO-1 and other topics were (PGCOC-10) was conducted from delivered to plant personnel involved 7th April, 2003 to 6th October, 2004. in RFO-2 activities as well as a

49 Annual Report 2003-2004 General Employees Training was The Pakistan Welding Institute (PWI) Fertilizer, Inspectest, High Precision imparted to foreign and local is a professional institution having Engineering (HPE), Ittehad Engine- contractor's personnel. been established to maintain and ering, KNFC, Moody International, promote standards of excellence in OGDCL, PIA, PNS Mehran, Rousch Welding Technology. PWI provides Power Station, Shifa Int'l Hospital, SCIENTIFIC & technical support through advice, SNGPL, Seamless Tube Plant (STP), ENGINEERING consultancy, R&D, training and Uch Power Station, WAPDA, etc. SERVICES qualification. The institution covers all areas of welding & joining technology In-service Inspection on Non- and materials engineering for metals Destructive Evaluation of The establishment of National Centre and non-metals alike. Almost all CHASNUPP during its Second Re- for Non-Destructive Testing (NCNDT) PAEC establishments, strategic fueling Outage was dohe. Life and The Pakistan Welding Institute organisations and industries within assessment of Plants and Third Party (PWI) is another step forward by government and private sector Inspection Activities were carried out PAEC to pass on the benefits of its benefit from PWI. regularly. scientific and technical R&D efforts and to introduce the most advanced techniques to the industrial sector in NDT Training & Inspection PWI Training & Services Pakistan. During the reporting period, five (5) PWI has conducted 12 different Non-destructive Testing (NDT) Training Courses were conducted in welding courses imparting training to techniques are being extensively the field of Non-Destructive Testing 195 engineers, technicians & used to improve and maintain the techniques and 83 participants from welders. An amount of Rs. 1.84 quality of manufactured goods as well local industries and various million was received as course fee as for the proper maintenance of organizations of PAEC were trained. from the participants. Besides industrial plants and equipment. The centre received Rs. 1.49 million supporting SES programmes, PWI NCNDT provides training and as training fee for conducting these also offered its specialized services certification programmes in various courses. The centre also provided to M/s AWC, CNPP, KNPC, NDC, fields of NDT and also provides ln- professional inspection & testing PAC Karma, Tarbela Power Plant and Service-lnspection (ISI) and Pre- services to local industries worth Rs. PMD. An amount of Rs. 0.91 million Service-lnspection (PSI) to Chemical 1.70 million. These services were was received from the clients. Plants Fertilizer and Oil Refineries. mainly provided to M/s ARL, Fauji

50 Annual Report 2003-2004 PROJECTS

Renovation & torily. The remaining Construction workshops/labs to cater for training miscellaneous work at work has been awarded and is in needs and also to provide services to progress at the site. national industries in the fields of NDT NIAB, Faislabad & welding, equipment manufacturing Open tenders have been invited for and in service inspection, etc. The renovation work of Phase-I & II the construction of Rest House, Staff was completed in all respects in Hostel, Security Barracks, Over Head SES has acquired the latest know- March/June 2004 respectively and Water Tank, Pump Room and how in Design Engineering & handed over to the end user. The Electrical Sub-Station Room after Equipment manufacturing and has construction of Boundary Wall was receipt of administration approval established workshops having latest completed in March, 2004 and and work will be awarded after Welding Equipments, CNC machin- handed over to the under user as opening offenders. es, Stress Relieving Furnaces, well. Aluminium Casting, Destructive & Construction of doctor's Non-Destructive Testing Facilities Development of on-farm residence at NORI, and other equipment. Thus having facility at NIBGE, Islamabad acquired the capability of manufac- Faisalabad turing high tech equipment and The case is under process for getting carrying out precision jobs for PAEC The work has been started and is in administration approval of Compe- Projects and other Chemical, progress. tent Authority. Petrochemical, Fertilizer & Industrial Construction of access PC-II for detailed Plants. control building at KANUPP, exploration of Uranium The Scientific & Engineering Ser- Karachi resources in D.G. Khan vices Directorate (SES) has three establishments i.e. Nuclear The building after completion in all Exploration work remained in Equipment Workshop-I (NEW-I) at respects has been handed over to the progress. Moreover, PC-II Form for Islamabad, Nuclear Equipment end user. Phase-VII (i.e. 2004-2009) has been Workshop-I I (NEW-I I) at Karachi and Construction of Phase-ll at forwarded to Planning & Develop- Nuclear Equipment Workshop-Ill ment Division for approval. (NEW-lll)[HMC-3] at Taxila. KIRAN, Karachi The construction Work of Phase-I I i.e. PC-II for nuclear mineral DESIGN & MANUFACTURE extension of Nuclear Medicine & survey scheme of AEMC, OF EQUIPMENT/ Combat Bunker, Simulator Building Lahore COMPONENTS and 200 Bed Wards Block has been The Scheme remained operational awarded to the Contractor and The Directorate manufacturée and on a very modest scale. The PC-II construction activities are in supplied jobs worth Rs. 183 millions Form for Phase-V (July-2003 to June- progress. to Heavy Mechanical Complex 2008) has been forwarded to (HMC), Pakistan Steel, Oil & Gas Construction of misc. civil Planning & Development Division for Development Corporation (OGDC), works for rest house at approval. WAPDA, National Development Korangi, Karachi Complex (NDC), Dr. A. Q. Khan Research Labs. (KRL), CPC, Various Civil jobs at the Rest House PINSTECH, KANUPP, Chashma i.e. Septic Tank & Underground tank SCIENTIFIC & Nuclear Power Plant (CHASNUPP), etc were completed and remaining ENGINEERING other PAEC Projects, Air Weapon work is in progress. Complex (AWC), SUPARCO, SERVICES DESTO, Karachi Electric Supply Face up-lifting at CENAR Corporation (KESC), Pakistan Navy, Scientific & Engineering Services Attock Refinery Limited (ARL), Heavy building at Quetta Directorate (SES) was established Industries Taxila (HIT), etc. The jobs Work has been started and is with an explicit mandate to achieve of contract value Rs. 350 millions are progressing well on schedule. self reliance in the manufacturing of under design, manufacturing and at specialized equipment for the testing/ inspection stage. Construction of basic programmes of PAEC and other infrastructure at GINOR, strategic organizations. SES was The Directorate exported mechanical Gilgit also given the responsibility of equipment worth Rs. 18.334 million to training in the field of NDT and CERN, Switzerland while jobs The Boundary Wall, Watch Tower & Welding and setting up of specialised valuing Rs. 28.03 million are in hand. Reception were completed satisfac-

51 Annual Report 2003-2004 Quality Management Standards NEW-III (HMC-3) has attained ISO - 9001 - 2000 certification for Design and Manufacturing of Process & Mechanical Equipment for Medium & Heavy Industries and Engineering Sectors. HMC-3 has been authorized to use Symbols U and U2 of American Society of Mechanical Engineers in accordance with the applicable rules of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessels Codes. A Federal Board has also registered HMC-3 as manufacturer of Boilers, Pressure Vessels and Heat Exchang- ers, etc. Appropriate System Documents for acquiring API Monogram Stamping of the products namely, 5B, 5CT, 5D, 5L, 6A, 12D, 12F, 12DGU, 12J and 12L been completed. The construction HP/HT Test Loop is being enhanced has been received and it is under work of Wood Workshop and Material and manufacture of Heater and review. Storage Shed is in progress and so Housing Assembly is nearing completion. PHASE DEVELOPMENT OF far 25% work has been carried out. NEW-3 (HMC-3) NEW-III (HMC-3) Manufacture of Equipment for Self-Adequacy Construction Work All the construction work of Instrumentation & Control Labs, has 25-ton & 50-ton Welding Positioners NEW-I been completed. Motorized Door has and 200-ton Transport Bogie have been installed. The work on False been commissioned for HMC-3 own About 65% construction work of Ceiling, Wall Panelling, Air Condition- use whereas 50-ton Electrical Phase-I and 50% construction work ing, Ventilation and Humidity is in Overhead Crane and 30-ton & 50-ton of Phase-ll of building for Pakistan progress. Similarly, the work on Roller Supporters, etc. are under Welding Institute have been Electromagnetic Interference, Elec- manufacturing. completed. Correspondence with tromagnetic Compatibility and Light- other organizations regarding ening Protection is in progress. Conference on Non- different works is in progress. Design & rectification of industrial electrical Civil construction drawings of the Destructive Testing (NDT) works for special equipment work- Heavy Vessel Shop, Heat Exchanger The Second National Conference on shop and general workshop is in Shop and Light Machine Shop are NDT was held from 22-24 October, progress. under preparation. LCs for the import 2003 at Hotel Holiday Inn, Islamabad. of Deep Hole Drilling Machine and The civil work of foundation and floor Dr. Ishfaq Ahmed, Special Advisor to Shot Blasting Equipment has been of Bay-2 Workshop has been the Prime Minister honoured the opened. Financial concurrence for completed. Columns, Trusses & Roof inaugural session as chief guest. the import of Flanging & Dishing work have also been completed. A Machine is in process. A Scientific and Industrial Exhibition runway for crane is in progress. relating to NDT equipment has also Design & execution of industrial Installation of Equipment held at -the same venue. The electrical work is in progress. participants include suppliers of The 12-m Plate Heating Furnace, various NDT equipment besides Roll-Way for 3 Roll Phase Plate NEW-I I NCNpTand HMC-3. Bending Machine and Vertical Milling The civil construction of Foundry Machine have been installed and Building and CNC Workshop has tested. Thermal capacity of the

52 Annual Report 2003-2004 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Chairman's Visits Abroad

Mr. Parvez Butt, Chairman, Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission attended as invited Speaker the World Nuclear Association (WNA) Annual Symposium held in London, UK from 3-5 September, 2003. Chairman, PAEC led Pakistan delegation to the forty-seventh IAEA Annual General Conference held in Vienna from 15 19 September, 2003. He also represented Pakistan as Governor from Pakistan in the Meetings of the IAEA Board of Governors held in Vienna (Austria) on 22 September, 2003, 8-12 March, 2004 and 14-18 June, 2004.

Chairman, PAEC participated in the Governing Board Meeting of (WANO- Tokyo Centre and WANO-Atlanta Chairman PAEC, addressing the 47th regular session of the Centre) and Biennial General IAEA General Conference Meeting of World Association of Nuclear Operators held in Berlin, Germany from 12-14 October, 2003. developing countries. Pakistan's IAEA Experts in Pakistan On way back he also visited election to this highest policy making European Organization for Nuclear body of the Agency is taken as the Fifty nine IAEA Experts carried out Research (CERN), Geneva, endorsement by the international assignments at different PAEC Switzerland from 15-16 October, community of the peaceful nuclear establishments under IAEA Regular 2003. programme being pursued by Programme of technical co-operation Pakistan. in various fields including Mutation Chairman, PAEC attended 2004 Breeding, Biofertilizers for increasing Spring WANO Tokyo Centre Appointment of PAEC sustainable crop production, Medical Governing Board Meeting held at Official Abroad Physics, Research Reactor Utiliza- Fukuoka, Japan on 30 March, 2004 tion, QA/QC Nuclear Analytical and also undertook Technical Tour to Mr. Shahid Iqbal Siddiqui of KNPC, Techniques, In-service Inspection, Genkai Nuclear Power Station on 31 Karachi carried out six months Review ofC&l Backfitting Equipment, March, 2004 and Hatehobaru assignment as KANUPP Repre- Radiation Protection in Nuclear Geothermal Power Station & Mt. Aso sentative with CANDU Owners Power Plants, Probabilistic Safety Area on 1st April, 2004. Group (COG) Office at Toronto, Assessment, Review of KANUPP Canada from 6 December, 2003 Desalination Plant and Management Pakistan Elected Member of under Project Improving Safety of Changes for Competitive Nuclear the IAEA Board of Features of KANUPP. Power Performance. Governors PAEC Scientists/Engineers Foreign Delegations Pakistan has been elected as as IAEA Experts member of the Board of Governors of Prof. Do Kyung Kim, Department of the International Atomic Energy Thirty three PAEC scientists / Material Advanced Institute of Agency (IAEA) for a term of two years engineers carried out assignments Science and Technology (KAIST), beginning from September, 2003 to abroad in various fields including Republic of Korea visited PIEAS, September, 2005. Election was held Wheat Improvement, Non-Des- Islamabad on 19 January, 2004. at the Forty-seventh IAEA Annual tructive Testing (NDT), Ultrasonic Mr. Vozo Miyazaki, Director, World General Conference. Pakistan has Testing (UT-2), Radiography Testing Association of Nuclear Operators previously served on the IAEA Board (RT-2), Sustainable Energy Deve- (WANO)-Tokyo Centre, Japan visited for fourteen terms and with this lopment and other N-technology CHASNUPP, Kundian and PAEC HQ, extensive experience has consis- related fields. Islamabad from 26-27 January, 2004. tently advocated the interest of the

53 Annual Report 2003-2004 Mr. Tomihiro Taniguchi, Deputy Mr. Dieter Novotny and Dr. Gerhard training at various PAEC establish- Director General, Department of Wargner (German Nationals) of M/S. ments. Nuclear Safety and Security, IAEA Hans Walischmiller, Dresden, visited PAEC establishments from 29 Germany visited PINSTECH, Technical Assistance by January to 3 February, 2004 and also Islamabad from 29 June to 6 July, held meeting with Chairman, PAEC 2004 in connection with MO-99 IAEA on 30 January, 2004. Production Facility. Twenty one operational IAEA Technical Cooperation projects Ms. Trevan Elizabeth Anne, Director PAEC Delegation Abroad Breast Screen, Lismore, Australia broadly covering the fields of Bioferti- visited NORI, Islamabad on 4 March, lizers for increasing sustainable crop A two member PAEC delegation 2004 and delivered lectures in the production, Radiation-Induced Muta- comprising Dr. M. Mohsin Iqbal, Symposium on Breast Cancer tions, Nuclear Medicine and Radio- Director, NIAB, Faisalabad and Dr. Screening. therapy Support, Medical Physics, Zahoor Aslam, PSO, NIAB, Research Reactor Utilization, Isotope Faisalabad visited Beijing, People's Hydrology, NDT Equipment Calibra- Mr. Naicheng Xu, Programme Republic of China from 31 May to 13 Management Officer, East Asia and tion, Non-Destructive Evaluation of June, 2004 under 16th Protocol Pressurized Components, In-Service the Pacific Section, Department of between Pakistan and China for Salty Technical Co-operation, IAEA, Inspection Facilities for Nuclear Soil Improving Technology by Using Power Plants, Nuclear Safety and Vienna (Austria) visited PAEC Biological Measures. Headquarters, Islamabad on 11 Human Resource Development and March, 2004 for having meeting with Nuclear Technology Support were Counterparts of on-going Projects as National I International Fora being carried out. The technical well as the Counterparts of new assistance received during 2003 Project Requests submitted to IAEA Ten National Meetings / Workshops / under IAEA Technical Co-operation for consideration under IAEA Regular Seminars I Symposia, an IAEA/RCA Programme was US$ 929,712 which Programme of Technical Co- Regional Training Course, a Meeting include experts visits, equipment operation for 2005-2006. of National Representatives of RCA delivery, fellowships/training and Member States and an International scientific visits. Professor Yang Juncheng and Dr. Li Conference were held during the Guihua, Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, reporting period. IAEA Research Contracts Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China visited Activities under RCA IAEA awarded a sum of US$ Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA), 109,500/-for undertaking research in Tandojam from 20-27 May, 2004 Pakistan has continuously played its various PAEC laboratories in different under the 16th S&T Protocol between effective role in the programme ofthe fields of nuclear science. The amount Pakistan and China to prepare RCA and has gained substantially in represents the Agency's financial detailed Work Plan for the the peaceful applications of nuclear support for four new research Collaborative Project on Biological technology in the areas of contracts and renewing seventeen Approaches for the Utilization of Salt Agriculture, Health, Industry, Quality existing contracts. Affected Soils/Bio-Restoration of Assurance and Research Reactors Saline Waste Land and Development Utilization. Pakistan has participated of Salt Tolerant Plants. Prof. Dr. Ing in almost all the RCA projects. Ruben Avila Rodriguez, Department of Thermal Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National Autonomous Foreign Trainees in University of Mexico visited PIEAS, Pakistan under IAEA Award Islamabad from 14-18 June, 2004 to conduct Modular Course on Eight trainees from Kenya, Libya, Atmospheric Particle Dispersion Malaysia, Nigeria, Sudan, Tanzania Modelling. and Yemen availed fellowship

54 Annual Report 2003-2004 FINANCE

Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission received funds from the following sources during the year, 2003-2004. • Federal Government • Provincial Governments • Sale of Electricity • Generated Receipts Funds received from Federal Government are utilised to meet the current as well as development expenditure of the Commission except Karachi Nuclear Power Complex (KNPC) and Chashma Nuclear Power Project (CNPP) which meet their expenditure from their own generated income. Funds from generated receipts, Provincial Governments and other sources aré mostly utilised for development activities.

Actual expenditure during the financial year under review along with its comparison with preceding year is given below: -

A. DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE Rupees (in million)

Name of Sector 2002-2003 2003-2004 ± %-age

Nuclear Power 8.508 1,759.957 +20,585.91% Mineral Development 90.292 52.460 -41.90% Agriculture 57.161 22.392 -60.83% Health 169.270 165.637 -2.15% Total Development Expenditure 325.231 2,000.446 +515.08%

B. CURRENT EXPENDITURE The current expenditure on different activities is as follows :-

Rupees (in million) Name of Sector 2002-2003 2003-2004 ± %-age

Agriculture 235.036 291.236 +23.91% Health 305.122 354.230 +16.09% Physical Sciences 502.933 627.719 +24.81% Mineral Development 127.263 146.279 +14.94% Other Projects 27.829 27.414 -1.49% PAEC Hqrs 208.333 232.769 +11.73% Long Term Advances 7.531 7.596 +0.86% Collaboration with Universities - 1.066 +100% Total Current Expenditure 1,414.047 1,688.309 +19.40%

55 Annual Report 2003-2004 C. SELF FINANCING

KARACHI NUCLEAR POWER COMPLEX Rupees (in million)

2002-2003 2003-2004 ± %-age Current Expenditure 847.644 772.170 -8.90%

CHASHMA NUCLEAR POWER PROJECT „ Rupees (in million)

2002-2003 2003-2004 ± %-age Current Expenditure 1,904.634 2,484.044 +30.42%

The revenue earned & receipt of KNPC and CNPP are as follows:- Rupees (in million) KNPC, Karachi 2002-2003 2003-2004 Electricity Sales Revenue * 703.790 111.212 Receipts of Sales Revenue 816.822 50.721

* Including GST Rs. 91.799 Million in 2002-2003 and Rs. 14.539 Million in 2003-2004 Rupees (in million) CNPP, Chashma 2002-2003 2003-2004 Electricity Sales Revenue ** 3,246.608 3,650.865 Receipts of Sales Revenue 2,392.880 5,637.812

** Including GST Rs. 128.108 Million in 2002-2003 and Rs. 144.060 Million in 2003-2004

On successful operation of Chashma Nuclear Power Project (CNPP) at Chashma Mianwali since June, 2000 by Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), Government of Pakistan has entrusted the Commission for establishment of 2nd Unit of Chashma Nuclear Power Project.

CONCLUSION

An analysis of total expenditure of PAEC reveals that 28.804% constitutes development activities while current expenditure represents 24.310% and self-financing is to the tune of46.886%.

56 Annual Report 2003-2004 PUBLICATIONS

NUCLEAR POWER 11. Shakil A. Meenai & Muhammad 27. Muhammad Naeem Khan, "Steam Arif, "Failure of Charge Tube Axial drive of Generator (SG) Condition", D&D-PCR- North Fuelling Machine while discharging 03-08. Conference Presentations Spent Fuel", KANUPP-UOR-04-03. 28. Muhammad Naeem Khan, 12. S. M. Nadeem Kazmi & "Inspection of Channel Feeders for wall 1. M. Kamran Chughtai et al.," Muhammad Arif, "Failure of North thinning", D&D-PCR-03-09. Modeling of Chashma NPP Reactor Core Using FUMACS Computer Code Fuelling Machine to install closure plug on 29. Saad Ullah Khan, "Qualitative Package." 5th International Conference channel E-15", KANUPP-UOR-04-04. Assessment of CGB Connectors for Leak on 'Nuclear Option in Countries with 13. Mushtaq Ahmed, "Forced outage Tightness Under LOCA Conditions", Small and Medium electricity Grid, due to high PHT close collection and high D&D-PCR-03-10. Dubrovnik, Croatia, May 16,2004'. drop rate in CPH-TK1", KANUPP-UOR- 30. Humayun Sultan & Tasnimul 04-05. 2. G.R. Athar and M. Imtiaz, Hasan Burney, "Criteria for Leak "Potential Market Size for Renewables in 14. S. Raza Akhlaq, "Spill of D,0 due Detection and Plant Shutdown in the the Residential Sector of Pakistan", to overflow from burner condensate drum event of a Pressure Tube (PT) Failure", meeting on Renewable Energy and in UPG(X)", KANUPP-UOR-04-06. D&D-PCR-03-11. Sustainable Development, organized by 31. Syed Rafat Ali, "Environmental COMSATS, 10-11 February 2004, 15. Tasneem Fatima, et al., "Estimate Qualification (EQ) of MH-pump motors", Islamabad. of Burnup, Remaining Worth and Enrichment of KANUPP Spent Booster NSLD-PCR-03-01. Reports Fuel Assemblies", KANUPP-STR-03-09. 32. Shahid Raza & Syed Rafat Ali, "A 3. M. Latif et al., "Comparative 16. Tahir Siddiqui & Kashif Mushir, study of Kanupp Scrams (1990-2002) & Assessment of Investment on Infra- "Assessment of Ageing Degradation of Proposed Corrective Actions for Scram structure Development for Nuclear Power Motor Operated Valve", KANUPP-STR- Reductions (KANUPP-STR-03-08).", and Other Energy Chains for Electricity 03-06. NSLD-PCR-03-02. Generation in Pakistan". Final Report 17. M. Jameeluddin & M. Rashidullah, 33. Muhammad Akram & Adam, under IAEA's Co-ordinated Research "Safety Aspects of KANUPP Operation "Steam Generator Tube and PHT Piping Programme on "Impact of Infrastructural (January to December, 2003)", KANUPP- Stress Analysis in case of Automatic Requirements on the Competitiveness of STR-04-02. Boiler Crash Cool Down ", KINPOE-PCR- Nuclear Power", September 2003. 03-01. 18. Shahid Ali & Akhter Kamal 4. G.R. Athar, M. Saleem Ullah and Qurashi, "Performance Review of 34. Tahir Siddiqui, "Removal of Ahmad Mumtaz, "Determination of Cost KANUPP Safety System (January 2003 Booster Rods.", Mech. Maint-PCR-03-01. Effectiveness of Nuclear Power to December 2003)", KANUPP-STR-04- Compared to Costs of Fossil Fuel Based 35. Tahir Siddiqui, "Asbestos 01. Electricity Generation Including Costs of Hazard.", Mech. Maint-PCR-03-02. Carbon Dioxide Disposal in Pakistan". 19. Shahid Raza, "Moderator D20 spill 36. S. Fahimuddin, "Re-strengthening Progress Report for IAEA Research from RX-TK4", KANUPP-ACA-325- / Improvement works of the Civil Structure Contract, October 2003. 1/2004. of the Plant.", Civil-PCR-03-01. 5. G.R. Athar et al., "The Role of 20. Shahid Raza & Khalid Masood, 37. S. Fahimuddin, "Inspection of Nuclear Power and Other Energy Options "Incident of Electrical Shock", KANUPP- Tendon Anchorage Box through Tendon in Competitive Electricity Market of ACA-Misc-2/2004. Gallery of Reactor Building.", Civil-PCR- Pakistan". Draft Interim Report for 21. Humayun Sultan, "To improve 03-02. IAEA/RCA Project RAS/0/038, Decem- control room habitability" D&D-PCR-03- ber 2003. 38. Shahid Iqbal Siddiqui, "Asses- 02. sment of Cables. (Safety Issue # 4.17)", 6. M. Naeem Khan et al., "Steam 22. Tariq Mahmood, "In-Service E&C-PCR-03-01. Generator Condition Examination", Inspection of Reactor Fuel Channels" KANUPP-ISR-330-35. 39. Abdul Hameed Qureshi, "Instal- D&D-PCR-03-03. lation of Battery Racks and Commis- 7. Ubaid Anwar Baqai & Afaq A. 23. Muhammad Shahin, Implemen- sioning of Battery Bank DE-BY2,", E&C- Shaikh, "Inspection of Channel Feeders tations of easy fix program for seismic PCR-03-02. for Wäll Thinning", KANUPP-ISR-330-37. upgrading of KANUPP plant equipment 40. Anis Memon, "Overhauling of 8. Abdul Hameed Qureshi & Syed D&D-PCR-03-04. SOV's and MOVs. (Safety Issue #4.17)", Furqan Ali, "Replacement of Radiator 24. M. Saleem Ayub, "Rehabilitation of E&C-PCR-03-03. BankofGE-T1", KANUPP-ISR-510-05. KANUPP Activity Monitoring System", 41. Abdul Razzak, "Sealing of open 9. Shahid Saghir, "Reactor trip due to D&D-PCR-03-05. ends of cable conduits against the steam passing of Dump valve of Channel "C" 25. Abdul Razzak & M. A. Moiz Khan, ingress", E&C-PCR-03-04. during Protective System trip test of "Modification in Junction Boxes", D&D- Channel "B", KANUPP-UOR-04-01. 42. S. Shamshad Ali, "ARC-PLC Trial PCR-03-06. Commissioning & Testing", CDD-PCR- 10. Shahid Mehmood Malik, "Plant trip 26. M. Saleem Ayub & Muhammad 03-01. on spurious condition of access control Asif, "Study Transport of Debris in Active master key removed", KANUPP-UOR- 43. Ghayasuddin Khan, "Chemical Drainage System", D&D-PCR-Û3-07. 04-02. Cleaning of PHT Side of KANUPP Steam Generator.", CCD-PCR-03-01.

57 Annual Report 2003-2004 44. Saeed Ahmed, Anis Memon, Measurement Test at 152 EFPDs of Statistics Summary Report (August Shahid Saghir, "Installation of Emergency Cycle-2, CHASNUPP-ENG-20. 2003), CNPP-MOP-08/03. D 0 and H 0 Transfer system", TD-PCR- 2 2 63. Soulat Manzoor, Javed Rafiq and 78. Syed Yusuf Raza and 03-03. Zubair Ahmad, Power Distribution Muhammad Younas, Plant Operation 45. Anis Memon, "Implementation of Measurement Test at 182 Effective Full Statistics Summary Report (September CA #360/1086", E&C-PCR-03-05. Power Days of Cycle-2, CNPP1-ENG- 2003), CNPP-MOP-09/03. REC-21. 46. Anis Memon, "Qualification tests 79. Syed Yusuf Raza and for MH-MV7/MV10 solenoid valves", 64. Ahmed Nadeem et al., Partici- Muhammad Younas, Plant Operation E&C-PCR-03-06. pation Report on Reload Design Check Statistics Summary Report (October Calculations at RINPO Wuhan China, 2003), CNPP-MOP-10/03. 47. Moheeb Khan & Yasir Tanvir, CNPP1-ENG-REC-22. "Emergency Shutdown from EFW 80. Syed Yusuf Raza and Room", CDD-PCR-03-02. 65. Shoukat Ali, Calculation of Muhammad Younas, Plant Operation Reactivity Coafficients for CNPP Cycle-2 Statistics Summary Report (Novermber 48. Zamurrad Baig et al., "Safety Using Computer Code 3D-NB-2P, 2003), CNPP-MOP-11/03. Parameter Display System", CDD-PCR- CNPP1-Eng-REC-23 Rev-0. 03-03. 81. Syed Yusuf Raza and Muhammad 66. Shoukat Ali et al., Excore/lncore Younas, Plant Operation Statistics 49. Zamurrad Baig, Sh.M.Ashraf Ali & Nuclear Instrumentation Calibration Test Summary Report (December 2003), Nadeem Qazi, Critical Parameter Display at 206 EFPDs of Cycle-2, CNPP1-Eng- CNPP-MOP-12/03. System (CPDS)", CDD-PCR-03-04. REC-24 Rev-0. 82. Semi-annual Radiological Effluent 50. S. Shamshad Ali, "Critical 67. Makshoof A. Mubashar, Non- Release Report from January 2003 to Parameter Display System (CPDS)", routine Environmental Operating Report June 2003, CNPP-SR-06/2003, Rev-0. CDD-PCR-03-04 (Rev.-1). 2003, CNPP1-NER-01/2003 Rev-0. 83. Zamir Ahmad and Muhammad 51. Anis Memon, "Automation of EFW 68. Abdul Razzaq, PSA Model Saleem, Report on Periodic Monitoring of System from Main Control Room. Refinements for Auxiliary Feedwater Settlement of NI & CI Structures, CNPP- (Implementation of CA # 432.1/1005)", Pump Building Ventilation System (VAF), STR-005/2003. E&C-PCR-04-01. CNPP1-PSA-1/2003 Rev-0. 84. Shahid Bashir, Muhammad Kamal 52. Khalid Masood Khan & Syed 69. Zahid Saleem, Khalid Hussain and and Naveed Akram, Reactor Trip on Zaheer Hasan, "Measures for fire Abdul wasay, Excore/lncore Nuclear Turbine Generator Trip, ENR # 08/2001- protection of cable penetrations" HPD- Instrumentation Calibration Test at 121 R-4. PSR-03-01. > EFPDs of Cycle-2, CNPP-ENG-REC-20, 85. Zulfiqar Ali et al., Final Event 53. Asad A. Zafar, "Reliability of Off- 70. Syed Yusuf Raza and Report on the Reactor Trip and Damage site Power", TD-PSR-03-01. Muhammad Younas, Plant Operation to Turbine Cross over Piping Following 54. Abdul Bari, "Implementation of Statistics Summary Report (January Grid Load Transient, ENR # 20/2003-R- corrective actions to improve Diesel 2004), CNPP-MOP-01/04. 07. Generator reliability RCA Report # 522.1 - 71. Syed Yusuf Raza and 86. Javed Akram et al., Inadvertent 02/2001 ", TD-PSR-03-02. Muhammad Younas, Plant Operation Activity Release From Decay Tank SGW- 55. G. R. Merchant, "Outage report Statistics Summary Report (February 05ATK, ENR# 34/2001-R-18. 25th Aug to 1st Sep 1977", KANUPP-OR- 2004), CNPP-MOP-02/04. 87. Muhammad Naeem Dogar and 77-06. 72. Syed Yusuf Raza and Muhammad Saleem, Earth Quake, 56. Irfan Ahmed, "Outage report 29th Muhammad Younas, Plant Operation ENR#09/2002-R-4. to 30th Oct 1989", KANUPP-OR-89-02. Statistics Summary Report (March 2004), 88. Zulfiqar Ali et al., Interim Report of CNPP-MOP-03/04. 57. Shahid Saghir, "Outage report Event "Reactor Trip on Grid Load 31st Jan to 11th Feb 2004", KANUPP- 73. Syed Yusuf Raza and Transient", ENR#20/2003-R-07. OR-04-01. Muhammad Younas, Plant Operation 89. Mohsin Fayyaz and Mahmood-ul- Statistics Summary Report (April 2004), 58. Shahid Mehmood Malik, "Outage Hassan, In-service Report on Reactor CNPP-MOP-04/04. report 9th March to 12th March 2004", Coolant Pump-B,MP-TSI-001. KANUPP-OR-04-02. 74. Syed Yusuf Raza and 90. Syed Yusuf Raza, Monthly Muhammad Younas, Plant Operation 59. Shahid Mehmood Malik, "Outage Technical Report January-March 2003), Statistics Summary Report (May 2004), report 5th April to 11th April 2004", MTR-01-03. CNPP-MOP-05/04. KANUPP-OR-04-03. 91. Syed Yusuf Raza, Monthly 75. Syed Yusuf Raza and 60. Amir Hussain, "Outage report 4th Technical Report January, 2003), MTR- Muhammad Younas, Plant Operation May to 22dn May 2004", KANUPP-OR- 01-04. Statistics Summary Report (June 2004), 04-04. CNPP-MOP-06/04. 92. Syed Yusuf Raza, Monthly 61. Soulat Manzoor, Muhammad Technical Report (February, 2003), MTR- 76. Syed Yusuf Raza and Akhtar Raza and Zubair Ahmad, Power 02-04. Muhammad Younas, Plant Operation Distribution Measurement Test at 121 Statistics Summary Report (July 2003), 93. Syed Yusuf Raza, Monthly Effective Full Power Days of Cycle-2, CNPP-MOP-07/03. Technical Report (March, 2003), MTR- CHASNUPP-ENG-19. 01-04. 77. Syed Yusuf Raza and 62. Soulat Manzoor, Javed Rafiq and Muhammad Younas, Plant Operation 94. Syed Yusuf Raza, Monthly Tech- Zubair Ahmad, Power Distribution nical Report (May, 2003), MTR-05-03.

58 Annual Report 2003-2004 95. Syed Yusuf Raza, Monthly 114. Muhammad Khanetal., "FluxMap 128. M Riaz & M Arshad "Bench- Technical Report ( June, 2003), MTR-06- Data Processing and Analysis of marking of WIMS-D/4 and CITATION 03. CHASNUPP 300 MWe Nuclear Power system of computer codes for MOX Plant (up to 121 EFPD)", INUPTR-163, Fueled PWRs", INUP-TR/166, October 96. Syed Yusuf Raza, Monthly August 2003. 2003. Technical Report (July, 2003), MTR-07- 03. 115. Khawaja Khurram Rasheed, 129. M Riaz & M Arshad "Use of "Relative Comparison of Correlation for Advanced Burnable Absorbers in 97. Syed Yusuf Raza, Monthly Evaluation of DNB ratios in RTHP", INUP- Pressurized Water Reactors-A Review", Technical Report (August, 2003), MTR- ITM-194, September2003. INUP-TR/167, October2003.. 08-03. 116. Intsar ul Haq, "Station Blackout 130. M Arshad, M Sagheer & A 98. Syed Yusuf Raza, Monthly Severe Accident analysis for Chashma Mannan, "Neutronic Analysis of PARR-1 Technical Report (September, 2002), Nuclear Power Plant using MELCOR Equilibrium Loading No. 98", INUP- MTR-09-03. 1.8.4", INUP-TR-139(R1), August 2003. TR/171, November2003. 99. Syed Yusuf Raza, Monthly 117. Zaka Ullah, Mujahid Tanveer, Abid 131. Zaka Ullah, & Saleem Ansari, Technical Report (Oct-Dec, 2002), MTR- Hussain & Mohammad Iqbal, "A proposal "Vibration Control Techniques in Struc- 10-02. for a Central Computing Facility at INUP", tures and Equipment", INUP-TR/177. 100. Syed Yusuf Raza, Monthly August 2003. 132. Mohammad Asif, & Mohammad Technical Report (October, 2003), MTR- 118. Zafar Kazmi, Amir Hasnain, M Haroon, "Measurement of Neutron Flux 10-03. Abbas, "Condition Monitoring of Critical Distribution in PARR-1 core by Neutron 101. Syed Yusuf Raza, Monthly Floating Machines of CHASNUPP", July Activation analysis". INUP-ITM/200, Technical Report (December, 2003), 8,2003, INUP-ITM-189. November 2003. MTR-12-03. 119. Parvaiz Shafi Khan, "31st Meeting 133. Nadeem Elahi & Ashfaq A Siddiqi, 102. M. Saeed-Ur-Rehman, Report of of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Council", "Simulation of CHASNUPP Bottom Full External Load Rejection (House Load September, 2003, INUP-ITM-194. Nozzle Perforated Plate Test", INUP- Capability) Test From 50% of full Power, TR/168,0ctober2003. 120. Parvaiz Shafi Khan, "155th OPER-TRF-14-030731 Rev-0. Meeting of the Pakistan Atomic Energy 134. Syed Waseem Akhtar & Anwar 103. Muhammad Naseemullah, Commission", October 22, 2003, INUP- Ahmed, "Fuel Cyle Requirement Without Outage Report (07-19 September, 2003), ITM-198. Reprocessing for 300 MWe CNPP OR-01P03. Reactor", INUP-TR/170, 0ctober2003. 121. M H Bajwa "Calculation of Steady 104. Muhammad Naseemullah, State Thermal Hydraulic Parameters of 135. Ghulam Murtaza, Mohammad

Outage Report (18-19 January, 2003), 300 MWe CHASHMA Nuclear Power Rafiq & Anwar Ahmad "Urania (U02)- OR-01UP03. Plant", INUP-ITM/195, October2003. Gadlinia (GdA) Fuel: A Review", INUP- 105. Muhammad Naseemullah, 122. Abid Hussain & Mohammad Khan, TR/182, January 2004. Outage Report (01-02 February, 2003), "Cycle-2 Calculations for CHASHMA 300 136. Parvaiz Shafi Khan, "156th OR-02UP03. MWe Nuclear Power Plant using XEZ-5 7 Meeting of The Pakistan Atomic Energy 106. Muhammad Naseemullah, 3D-NB-2 computer Codes, INUP- Commission", January 20, 2004, INUP- Outage Report (27 March-06 May, 2002), ITM/201, December 2003. ITM-202. OR-03UP03. 123. Mohammad Khan, Ahsan Bukhari 137. Mohammad Khan et al., " Nuclear 107. Muhammad Naseemullah, Abid Hussain & Amir Ihsan, "Cycle-3 Fuel Design Report For Cycle-3 of CHASHMA Outage Report (25 June-29 July, 2003), Loading Pattern Selection", INUP- 300 MWe Nuclear Power Plant", INUP- OR-06UP03. TR/175, December 2003. TR/187, March 2004. 108. Muhammad Naseemullah, 124. Muhammad Khan et al., "Flux Map 138. Ahsan Bukhari, Amir Ihsan and Outage Report (29-31 August, 2003), Data Processing and Thermal Hydraulics Khurram Rasheed "Flux Map Data OR-07UP03. Analysis Of CHASNUPP 300MWe Processing and Thermal Hydraulic Nuclear Power Plant at 182 EFPDs Cycle Analysis of CHASNUPP 300 MWe 109. Muhammad Naseemullah, 2", INUP-TR178, December 2003. Nuclear Power Plant for Cycle-2 at 206 Outage Report (11-12 October, 2003), and 234 EFPDs", INUP-TR/186, OR-09UP03. 125. M Arshad, A Mannan & M Sagheer "Neutronic Calculations for Mixed PARR- February 2004. 110. Muhammad Naseemullah, 1 Equilibrium core using Highly Enrich 139. Asif Waseem, "Best Estimate Outage Report (09-11 November, 2003), and Low Enriched Fuel Elements", INUP- Analysis for 3-inch diameter Break LOCA OR-10UP03. TR/172, November 2003. in 300 MWe Chashma Nuclear Power 111. Muhammad Naseemullah, 126. Azhar Inayat & Lai Khan, Plant", INUP-TR/181 January 2004. Outage Report (19-20 November, 2003), "Evaluation of CHASNUPP Database to 140. Parvaiz Shafi Khan, "157th OR-11UP03. Achieve Plant Operating Parameters of Meeting of The Pakistan Atomic Energy 112. Muhammad Naseemullah, Various Loads using RELAP5/MOD3.2 Commission", April 22, 2004, INUP-ITM- Outage Report (09-11 November, 2003), Code", INUP-TR/173, November2003. 206. OR-10UP03. 127. Amir Ali, & M Sagheer, 141. M Khan & Abid Hussain "Start Up 113. Noor Nawab and Zobair H. Rizvi, "Generalization of Point Neutron Kinetic Parameters' Prediction Report For Cycle- In-service Inspection for Equipment and Code PDK-II", INUP-ITM-196, October 3 of CHASHMA 300 MWe Nuclear Power Piping Welds of conventional Island, PR- 2003. Plant", INUP-TR/195, May 2004. ISI-02 Rev-1.

59 Annual Report 2003-2004 142. M Khan, M Kamran Chughtai & radiographic techniques, Sei. Technol. 168. S.S. Ahmad, K. Mahmood and Abid Hussain "Start Up Parameters' Dev. 23 (2003)1. S.D. Orfi, Comparison of calculated Prediction Report For Emergency absorbed dose to water calibration and 154. M. A. Malik, et al., Synthesis of Loading pattern of Cycle-3, INUP- direct absorbed dose to water calibration super absorbent co-polymer by pulsed TR/202, June 2004. coefficients of farmer type ionization corona discharges in water, Plasma chambers, SSDL News Lett. 48 (2003) 143. Intsar ul Haq "Double Ended Cold Polym.8(2003)271. 19. Leg Break LOCA with Loss of 155. N. Jabeen, E. Rehman and S. 169. P. Akhter, et al., Uranium Containment Heat sink Severe Accident Ahmed, Determination of lithium isotopic concentration in typical Pakistani diet, J. Analysis for CHASNUPP using MELCOR composition by thermal ionization mass Radiat. Res. 44 (2003) 289. 1.8.4", INUP-TR/200, June2004. spectrometry in sea water, J. Radioanal. 144. Ahsan Bukhari & Khurram Nucl. Chem. 258 (2003) 427. 170. S. Pervez, A. Mushtaq and M. Arif, Rasheed "Flux Map Data Processing and Formulation of a freeze-dried kit for 1s'Re- 156. X. J. Ting, et al., Isothermal Thermal Hydraulic Analysis of MAG and its quality control, J. Radioanal. crystallization of metallocene-based 3 CHASNUPP 300 MWe Nuclear Power Nucl. Chem. 257 (2003) 421. polypropylene with different isotacticity Plant for Cycle-2 at 265 and 280 EFPDs", and regioregularity, J. Appl. Polym. Sei. 171. S. Pervez, et al., "'Rhenium- INUP-TR/188, April 2004. 90(2003) 3215. EDTMP: a potential therapeutic bone 145. Ahsan Bukhari & Khurram 157. S. Ahmed, T. Yasin and A. Ghaffar, agent, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 257 Rasheed "Flux Map Data Processing and Radiation effects on hindered phenols in (2003)417. Thermal Hydraulic Analysis of paraffin oil, wax and LDPE, Rad. Phys. 172. S. Pervez, A. Mushtaq and M. CHASNUPP 300 MWe Nuclear Power Chem. 68 (2003) 925. Jehangir, Synthesis and in vitro Plant for Cycle-2 at 318 EFPDs", INUP- evaluation of ""Re-biotinyl-hydrazino- TR/194, May 2004. 158. T. Yasin, et al., Effects of acrylonitrile contents on physical EDTA, Turk. J. Nucl. Sei. 28 (2002) 1. 146. Arshad M & Sagheer M properties of electron beam irradiated 173. M. M. Saeed, M. Ahmed and A. "Calculation of Reactivity Coefficients for acrylonitrile butadiene, React. Func. Ghaffar, Adsorption profile of molecular Mixed PARR-1 Equilibrium Core Polym. 57(2003) 113. iodine and iodine number of Polyurethane Comprising of HEU & LEU Fuel foam, Sep. Sei. Technol. 38 (2003) 711. Elements", INUP-TR/199, June2004. 159. A. Mahmood, N. Rakov and M. Xiao, Influence of deposition conditions 174. K. P. Gills, J. H. Zaidi and S. 147. M Rafiq & Anwar Ahmad "CNPP on optical properties of aluminium nitride Ahmad, Radiochemical neutron Fuel Performance Analysis Based on (AIN) thin films prepared by dc-reactive activation analysis for trace elements Coolant Activity Data", INUP-TR/190, magnetron sputtering, Mat. Lett. 57 evaluation of human milk, Radiochim. April 2004. (2003)1925. Acta 91 (2003)547. 148. Nadeem Ellahi & Ashfaq Siddiqi 160. N. Rakov, A. Mahmood and M. 175. Khan, et al., A novel dye doped sol "Structural Analysis of CHASNUPP's Xiao, Deposition-and-substrate tunable gel silica sorbent for removal of cobalt, Fuel Assembly Bottom Nozzle" INUP- photonic band gap in optical responses of Ads. Sei. Technol. 21 (2003) 205. TR/198, June 2004. hydrogenated amorphous SiC thin films, 176. Khan, et al., Removal of cadmium 149. Aamir Hasnain, Mohammad Mod. Phys. Lett. B17 (2003) 387. by sol gel silica doped with 1-(2- Abbas, Zafar Kazmi "Condition 161. A. Mahmood, et al., Germanium pyridylazo)-2-naphthol, J. Sol-gel Sei. Monitoring of Critical Rotating Machines carbide thin films prepared by laser Technol. 27 (2003) 221. of CHASNUPP", INUP-ITM-208, May ablation, Superficie y Vacio, 16 (2003) 23. 2004. 177. S. Waheed, J.H. Zaidi and S. 162. Mahmood, et al., Optical and Ahmad, Instrumental neutron activation 150. Zafar Kazmi et al., "Control of surface analysis of AIN thin films analysis of 23 individual food articles from Machine Vibration to Surrounding prepared by dc-rms technique, Diamond high altitude region: Part II, determination Structure Through Electromeric & Rel. Mater. 12 (2003) 1315. of toxic trace elements, J. Radioanal. Pneumatic Isolators", INUP-TR/197, Nucl. Chem. 258 (2003) 73. June 2004. 163. M. Iqbal, et al., An electro- magnetically focused electron beam line 151. Saleem Ansari, Ghulam Mustufa 178. M. M. Saeed, M. H. Chaudhary source, Rev. Sei. Instrum. 74 (2003) and M. Ahmed, Adsorption profile of "Development Work for Accurate 4616. Localization of Loose Parts by Acoustics preheated Cr (lll)-SCN complexes on Signal Analysis", INUP-TR/192, May 164. M.T- Khaleeq, et al., A new wide Polyurethane foam, J. Radioanal. Nucl. 2004. range reactor power measuring channel, Chem. 258 (2003) 151. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sei. 50 (2003) 2445. 152. Aamir Hasnain et al., "Experi- 179. M. Wasim, et al., Instrumental mental Modal Analysis of Cantilever 165. M.T. Khaleeq, et al., A new log- neutron activation analysis for the Block Assembly", INUP-ITM/197, linear safety channel for reactor power characterization of airborne particulate 0ctober2003. measurement, J. IEEEP, 42 (2003) 32. matter from industrial area of Islamabad city, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 258 166. S. Ahmad, et al., Reply to the (2003) 397. comment on regenerative soot as a PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND source of broad band VUV light, Eur. 180. S. M. Hasany and R. Ahmad, ENGINEERING Phys. J. D22 (2003)151. Sorption profile of Cd (II) ions onto coconut husk, Main Group Met. Chem. 26 Papers in Journals 167. T. Jabbar, et al., Natural and fallout (2003) 87. radionuclides concentration in the 153. M. Ahmad, M. M. Ashraf and U. environment of Islamabad, J. Radioanal. 181. T. Yasin, F. Zhiqiang and F. Linxian, Khurshid, Corrosion detection by Nucl. Chem. 258 (2003)143. Synthesis of unbridged metallocene

60 Annual Report 2003-2004 catalyst for propylene polymerization, 195. Qayyum, et al., Reactive optical spectroscopic analysis with Eur. Phys. J.40(2003)517. interactions of hydrogen molecular ions incoherent light, Scripta Materiala, 50 H/, D \ H,\ D; and HD* with carbon tiles (2004) 589. 182. M. M. Saeed, et al., Kinetics, 2 thermodynamic and sorption profile of Eu from tore supra, Physica Scripta, T103 209. M. Riaz, S.B. Butt and M.Z. Iqbal, (III) and Tm (III) on 4-(2-pyridylazo) (2003) 29. Assay of uranium in the standard resorcinol (PAR) imbedded polyurethane 196. Qayyum, et al., Charge exchange reference materials using dynamically foam, Solvent Ext. Ion. Exch. 21 (2003) and surface-induced dissociation of modified silica by ion pair HPLC, J. Liq. 881. 2 Chromatogr. Rel. Tech. 27 (2004) 533. doubly charged molecular ions C6H5 \ 2 z 183. Q. Haque and H. Saleem, Ion C,H, * and C7Ht * upon impact on a 210. S. B. Butt, et al., Optimization of acoustic and drift wave vortices in stainless steel surface, Nucl. Instrum. mobile phase for the monitoring of electron-positrori-ion plasmas, Phys. Methods B205 (2003)714. strontium in seawater using non- suppressed chromatography, J. Liq. Plasmas, 10(2003) 3793. 197. S. Cernusca, et al., Edge plasma Chromatogr. Rel. Tech. 27 (2004) 1729. 184. S. Mahmood and H. Saleem, relevant ion-surface collision processes, Destructive role of hot ions in the J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 223 211. K. M. Khan, P. Ahmad and M. formation of electrostatic density humps (2003)21. Parvez, Non-thermal transient mobility of 0 in Co-0 surface catalytic reaction: a and dips in dusty plasmas, Phys. 198. A. Qayyum, et al., Ion surface 2 2 Plasmas, 10(2003) 3426. + + Monte Carlo simulation study, J. Phys. collisions of CH *, CH„\ CH and CD , 3 5 4 A37 (2004) 5125. 185. Q. Haque and H. Saleem, Radiat. Phys Chem. 68 (2003) 257. Nonlinear dynamics of electrostatic and 212. S. Hussain et al., A study of 199. G.F, Matthews, et al., Ion optics electromagnetic drift modes in dusty population inversion of Hel and Nel in evaluation of the plasma ion mass plasmas, J. Geophys. Res. 108 (2003) regenerative sooting discharges, J. Phys. spectrometer (PIMS) designed for the 1433. D37 (2004) 1234. JET tokamak, J. Mass Spectrom. Ion 186. S. Mahmood and H. Saleem, Processes, 223 (2003) 45. 213. F. Jan, et al., Separation of Nonlinear slow shear alfven waves in radionuclides of silver and antimony from 200. M. A. Shaikh, et al., Alloying of electron-positron-ion plasmas, Phys. low-level liquid waste of research reactor immiscible Ge with Al by ball milling, Mat. Plasmas, 10(2003)4680. by using iron (II) hydrous oxide co- Lett. 57 (2003) 3681. 187. A.M. Mirza, et al., Electrostatic precipitation, Sep. Sei. Technol. 39 (2004) 201. M. Siddique, et al., Study of cation instabilities and nonlinear structures of 1021. distribution in Ni-substituted Mn-ferrites low frequency waves in non-uniform by Mössbauer effect technique, J. 214. P. Akhter, et al., Estimate of electron-positron-ion plasmas with shear Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 258 (2003) 525. strontium and calcium in Pakistani diet, J. flow, Phys. Plasmas, 10 (2003) 4675. Environ. Radioact. 73 (2004) 247. 202. M. J. Akhtar and S. Waseem, 188. K.M. Khan, W. Ahmad and K. 215. P. Akhter, G.V. Iyengar, H. Computational study of scheelite (ZrSiO„) Iqbal, A non-thermal model for catalytic Kawamura, et. al., Dietary intakes of by employing static simulation surface reaction of the type A + B ®2AB: seven elements of importance in 2 2 techniques, Solid State Sei. 5 (2003) 541. A Monte-Carlo simulation study, Int. J. radiological protection by Asian popu- Mod. Phys. C14 (2003) 1413. 203. R, Shaheen, et al., Atomistic lation: comparison with ICRP data, Health computer simulation studies of Sr Ru0 Phys. 86 (2004) 557. 189. M.U. Rajput, M. Ahmad and W. 2 4 and Ca Ru0 , J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 64 Ahmad, Thermal neutron captures cross 2 4 216. A. Ali, Extraction of Eu (HI) andTm section and resonance integral of (2003)237. (III) with picrolonic acid in methy- 159 1S0 Tb(n,g) Tb reaction, Phys. Rev. C68 204. S.A.R. Zaidi, S.W. Ali and G.B. lisobutylketone, Radiochim. Acta 92 (2003) 044608. Shah, Synthesis and characterization ofa (2004)101. 190. M. Ahmad, et al., Precipitation cation-exchange resin based on 217. M.M. Saeed and M. Ahmed, study in Inconel 625 alloy by positron vinylpyrrolidone-codivinylbenzene: effect Adsorption profile of Co (II) and Hg (II) annihilation spectroscopy, J. Mater. Sei. of nature and amount of diluents on onto 2-nitroso-1-naphthol immobilized Technol. 19(2003) 434. different resin properties, J. Appl. Polym. polyurethane foam, Radiochim. Acta Sei. 93 (2004) 3917. 92(2004)47. 191. W. Ahmad, M. Ahmad and M. U. Rajput, Prompt gamma neutron 205. E. Rehman, UPS, Electronic 218. S. Waheed, etal., INAA for dietary activation analysis of steel, J. Neutron World, (2004)28. assessment of essential and other Res. 11 (2003)145. 206. S. Bakhtyar, et al., Parametric elements in fourteen fruits harvested and 192. A. Qayyum, etal., Surface induced Evaluation of Mixed (Low and High consumed in Pakistan, J. Radioanal. Enriched) Fuel Core for a Swimming Pool Nucl. Chem. 260 (2004) 523. dissociation of HD2* - a non-statistical Type of Research Reactor, México Nucl. behavior in the H* and D' fragmentation 219. N. Hussain, et al., High-tempe- 5(2004)21. channels, Chem. Phys. Lett. 372 (2003) rature oxidation behavior of hastelloy C-4, 166. 207. T. Azim, M. Ikram and M. S. Steam Oxi. Met. 61 (2004) 516. Zubairy, Sub wavelength atom locali- 193. Qayyum, et al.. The role of internal 220. M. Akram N.U., et al., Fission track zation via autler-townes spectroscopy: energy in surface-induced dissociation, estimation of uranium concentrations in effect of the quantized field, J. Quant. Chem. Phys. Lett. 376(2003)539. drinking water from Azad Kashmir, Semiclassical Opt. B6 (2004) 248. Pakistan, Health Phys. 86 (2004) 296. 194. Qayyum, etal., Electron emission 208. N. Rakov, A. Mahmood and M. and molecular fragmentation during 221. Q. Haque and H. Saleem, Current Xiao, Surface metallic state of aluminium hydrogen and deuterium ion impact on gradient driven Alfvén dipolar vortices in nitride (AIN) thin film prepared by direct carbon surfaces, J. Nucl. Mater. 313 electron-positron-ion plasma, Physica current dc-reactive magnetron sputtering: (2003) 670. Scripta 69 (2004) 406.

61 Annual Report 2003-2004 222. Q. Haque and H. Saleem, Large 235. T. M. Ansari, et al., Essential trace 246. M. Ahmed, T. Yasin and S.Ahmed, amplitude low frequency waves in metal (Zn, Mn, Cu and Fe) levels in plants Adsorption of lead ion on gamma magnetized non-uniform electron- of medicinal importance, J. Bio. Sei. 4 irradiated chitosan flakes, ibid. positron-ion plasma, Chin. Phys. Lett. 21 (2004) 95. 247. S. Ahmed, M. Fuzail and T. Yasin, (2004) 884. 236. J. Zeb, et al., Environmental Protection of LDPE wire insulation by 223. J. Vranjes, H. Saleem and S. gamma dose measurements in the city of hindered phenol, irganox 1010 and Poedts, Ion temperature gradient Lahore, Pakistan, The Nucleus 39 (2002) hindered amine tinuvin 770 and irgafos instability in dusty plasmas, Phys. Rev. 161 (Published in March 2004). 168 blend again damage from ionization radiation, First Research Coordination E69 (2004) 056404. 237. M. Aslam, et al., Measurement of Meeting at IAEA Vienna, Austria, 08-11 224. K. M. Khan, P. Ahmad and K. Sr-90 in soil samples of Jhanger valley in December, 2003. Iqbal, Eley-Rideal model for a monomer- eastern salt range of Punjab, Pakistan, trimer catalytic reaction of the type The Nucleus 39 (2002) 155 (Published in 248. M. Ishfaq, Laboratory evaluation of A+B3®AB: a Monte-Carlo simulation March 2004). beta emitting radionuclides and radio- study, J. Phys. A37 (2004) 605. pharmaceutical!; fbr radiotherapy, Conference Proceedings preparation and quality control of "7Lu- 225. K. M. Khan, P. Ahmad and M. 238. S. Manzoor, et. al., The SLIM DOTA-Tyr3-Octrebtate, IAEA Second Parvez, Non-thermal transient mobility of collaboration: search for magnetic Research Coordination Meeting on 0 in C00 surface catalytic reaction: a 2 2 monopoles at a high altitude laboratory, Laboratory Evaluation of Therapeutic Monte Carlo simulation study, J. Phys. 28th International Cosmic Ray Radiopharmaceuticals, Warsaw, Poland, A37(2004) 5125. Conference, Tsukuba, Japan, 31 July 7 19-23 April, 2004. August, Universal Academy Press, Inc. 226. K. M. Khan and K. Iqbal, Existence 249. M. Ahmad, Isotope and chemical (2003)1657. of a hot atom mechanism for the investigations of major rivers of Indus dissociation of 02 on Pt (111) and the 239. M. Israr, Experience With partial basin, Pakistan, IAEA RCM on CRP- phase diagram of catalytic oxidation of decommissioning of PARR-1 (5MW) for 12046, design criteria for a network to CO, Surf. Rev. Lett. 11 (2004)117. core conversion and power upgradation, monitor isotope composition of runoff in 227. K. M. Khan, Effect of ballistic-type International Conference on Research large rivers (Isotope tracing of hydro- hot atom adsorption mechanism on the Reactor Utilization, safety, decommis- logical processes in large river basins), phase diagram of monomer-dimer CO- sioning and waste management in Vienna, Austria, 10-14 May, 2004. Santiago, Chile, 10-14 November, (2003) 02 surface catalytic reaction: a Monte- 250. K. Khan, P. Akhter and S. D. Orfi, 155. Carlo simulation, Chin. Phys. Lett. 21 Extraction and purification of metallic (2004)1171. 240. S. Bakhtyar, Radiological impact argentums from spent hypo using 228. A. Qayyum, et al., Surface- of research reactor operation on the graphite electrode, 8th International induced dissociation of polyatomic environment, International Women Symposium on Advanced Materials, Dr. hydrocarbon projectile ions with different Conference on BIEN Technology in A.Q. Khan Research Laboratories, initial internal energy content, J. Phys. Daejeon, Korea,13-16 November, (2003) Islamabad, 08-11 September, 2003. 126. Chem. A108 (2004)1. 251. R. Ahmed, Development in fuel 229. A. Aslam, et al., Revival of 241. I.H. Khan, et. al., Study of wear in cell technologies, ibid. piston ring of a vehicle engine using thin metastable behavior in phase separated 252. J. Akhtar, et. al., Intercomparison layer activation technique, International La0SCa„5MnO3+t|, Solid State Commun. of non-isothermal oxidation behaviour of Conference on Tracers and Tracing 129 (2004) 267. reactive oxides coated and uncoated mild Methods, Ciechocinek, Poland, 22-24 steel, ibid. 230. S. K. Hasanain, et al.. Re-entrant June, (2004) 266. spin freezing behavior in LasssCa015 253. S.K. Durrani, et. al., Synthesis and 242. M. Iqbal, M. Rafique and K. MnS95FeD05O3 manganite, J. Mag. Mag. properties of large crystal of aluminium- Mater. 271 (2004) 79. Masud, Physics of electron beam deficient ultrasil molecular sieve material, emission, 9th Symposium on Frontier in ibid. 231. M. Siddique, et al., Mössbauer Physics, Govt. College University, study of elemental substitution in Lahore, Pakistan. 28-30 January (2003) 254. F. Qazi, et. al., Effect of metal oxide Nd16Fe76B6 alloy, J. Radioanal. Nucl. 89. sintering aids on sintering and physico- Chem. 261 (2004)151. chemical properties of magnesia doped Conference Presentations zirconia ceramics, ibid. 232. R.T.A Khan, J. Bashir, N. Iqbal and 243. T. Yasin, et. al., Effect of M. Nasir Khan, Crystal structure of LaVOs 255. K.L. Ali, et. al., Determination of by reitveld refinement method, Mater. polyfunctional monomers on physical delayed hydride cracking velocity in the Lett, 58 (2004)1737. properties of acrylonitrile butadiene axial direction for hydride (Zr-2.5Nb) rubber under electron beam irradiation, pressure tube material, ibid. 233. A. H. Qureshi, et al., Thermal 12th International Congress of Radiation decomposition of precursor and the Research, Queens land, Australia, 17-22 256. E. Ahmad, et. al., Ultra grain formation of superconducting phases in August, 2003. refinement in low alloy steel, ibid. the Pb-Bi-Sr-Cu-0 (Pb-BSCCO) system, 257. G.H. Zahid, et. al., Fabrication and J. Chem. Soc. Pak. 25 (2003) 177. 244. M. Ahmed, et. al., Adsorption of lead ions on gamma irradiated chitosan aging behaviour of an aluminium based 234. S. Rehman and M. Arshad, flasks, ibid. composite, ibid. Complexes of 1, 2-dimidazoloethane with 245. S. Ahmed, M. Fuzail and T. Yasin, 258. M. Akram, et. al., Processing of transition and representative metals, J. Pakistani carbonatites for separation of Chem. Soc. Pak. 25 (2003) 147. Development of polyolefin based radiation crosslinked and flame retardant adjacent rare earths, ibid. formulations for wire insulations, ibid.

62 Annual Report 2003-2004 259. M.J. Moughal, Design and fabri- 275. M. M. Ishfaq, et. al., Preparation of 288. S. M. Hasany and R. Ahmad, The cation of grinding polishing machine, ibid. b" emitting radionuclides in PARR-1 potential of cost effective coconut husk for reactorfor internal radiotherapy, ibid. the removal of toxic metal ions for 260. M. Siddique, et. al., Mössbauer environmental protection and pollution study of iron oxide formed during high 276. R. Bilal, et. al., Incidence of abatement, ibid. temperature oxidation of some halicobacter pylori in children with superalloys, ibid. recurrent abdominal pain in Islamabad, 289. S. Waheed, et. al., Chemometrics: studied using non-invasive "C UBT, 4th An important tool for data evaluation and 261. M. N. Haque, et. al., Mössbauer Annual Hamdard Symposium, Karachi, source fingerprinting in environmental spectroscopy study of Ni-Cu ferrites, ibid. 12-14 December, 2003. studies, ibid. 262. M. Nadeem, et. al., Role of Fe at 277. S. Ahmad, Hydrogen fuel cell, 290. J. H. Zaidi, The World Trade Mn site in La„65 Ca0.35 MnO, material, ibid. energy of the future, Meeting on Organization; history, structure and 263. R. Tahir, et. al., Synthesis and Renewable Energy and Sustainable analysis, ibid. structural refinement of LiAlx Co,., 02 Development, 10-11 February, 2004, 291. N. Siddique and J. J Sloan, Use of system by Rietveld refinement method, Holiday Inn, Islamabad. HYSLPIT4 in performing air mass ibid. 278. R. Bilal, S. Yousuf and T. Ahmad, analysis, ibid. 264. J. I. Akhter, et. al., Synthesis and Facility established by PAEC: "C urea 292. R. Ahmed and M. N. Akhtar, Fuel characterization of a bulk amorphous breath test for diagnosis of Helicobacter cell technology: cost assessment and alloy, ibid. pylori infection, 17th International environmental pollution impact, ibid. Conference of the Pakistan Pediatric 265. E. Ahmed, J.I. Akhtar and M. Association, Lahore, 19-22 February, 293. R. Ahmed and S. A. Qureshi, Ahmad, Molecular dynamics study of 2004. Evaluation of formaldehyde in industrial thermal properties of gold, ibid. products and environmental samples, 279. A. Hafeez, et. al., A comparative 266. Z. Ali, et. AI., Effects of silver ibid. study of diagnostic tests for H. pylori doping on the properties of Zn-Se thin film infection in children, ibid. 294. M. Daud, S. Ahmad and M. Z. pre-pared by closed space sublimation, Iqbal, Leaves of delbergia sisso as ibid. 280. I.E. Qureshi, Collaboration in basic biomonitorsofairpollution, ibid. research, South-south and South-north 267. S. Ahmad, World trade organiz- collaboration in Science and Technology, 295. K. Jamil, et. al., Measurement of ation challenges and management, Present Scenario and Future Prospects, activity concentrations of naturally National Executive Symposium on COMSATS, Islamabad, 12-13 March, occurring radionuclides in soil samples Technologies Developed for Commer- 2004. from Punjab province of Pakistan, ibid. cialization challenges and Opportunities, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, 281. S.B. Butt, Instrumental analytical 296. N. Khalid, Assessment of black Peshawar, 21-22 September, 2003. facilities for pesticide analysis, National carbon in airborne particulate from Islamabad area, ibid. 268. S. S. Ahmad, Commercialization Conference on Persistent Organic of countrywide radiation protection Pollutants Enabling Activity Project PAK- 297. A. Rahman, et. al., Methodologies services, ibid. EPA, United Nation environment for health impact assessment of air protection agency, Islamabad, 17-18 pollution, ibid. 269. S.A. Mujahid, et. al, Determination March, 2004. of porosity of different material by radon 298. S.Rahman and N.M. Ali, Protocol diffusion, Pakistan Institute of Physics, 282. S. Ahmad, International standards for secondary standards dosimetry National Conference, University of the for world trade, 4th Executive laboratory and radiation protection Punjab, Lahore, 20-23 October, 2003. Management Seminar on Environmental programme, ibid. Issues and World Trade Organization 270. F. Malik, et. al., Response of CR- challenges, 26-28 March, 2004 299. S. Rahman, et. al., Blood zinc and 39 detector to neutrons of different Islamabad. copper levels in relation to cardiovascular energies, ibid. complications, ibid. 283. M. Akram, Estimation of boron in 271. N. Ali, et. al., Study of the etching water using neutron induced radiography 300. . M. Riaz, S. B. Butt and M. Z. Iqbal, characteristics of Na2C03-mixed NaOH technique, ibid. Comparative evaluation of the masking solution, ibid. effect of various compleans in 284. S. B. Butt, et. AI., Assay of chloro- determination of U (VI) using ion pair high 272. S. Karim, et. AI., Calibration of CR- based persistent organic pollutants using performance liquid chromatography, ibid. 39 track detectors for the identification of capillary gas chromatography, ibid. heavy particles, ibid. 301. ' S. Rahman, et. AI., Application of 285. W. Arshed, J. Zeb and S. D. Orfi, atomic absorption spectroscopy for 273. J. H. Zaidi, M. Arif and S. Ahmad, Absorbed doses of workers during diagnosing renal hypertension by Measurement of fission neutron spectrum regeneration of recirculation analyzing whole blood, 4th International average cross-section of some threshold demineralizer of Pakistan Research and 14th National Chemistry Conference, reaction on Tin and Ruthenium- Feasi- Reactor 1 as an indicator of radiation 115 Lahore, 16-18 May, 2004. bility studies for the production of ln and safety and protection, ibid. 9,Tc in a nuclear reactor, International 302. Rehana, Comparative trends of Hf Conference on Current Trends in Radio- 286. A. Jabbar, P. Akhter and S. D. Orfi, behaviour using dc-arc, ibid. pharmaceuticals, Holiday Inn, Islamabad, Measurement of radioactivity in soil of 303.-. N. Khalid and S. Ahmad, 21-23 October, 2003. Rawalpindi and Islamabad cities, ibid. Extraction of cobalt from aqueous media 287. Fatima, et. al., Estimation of toxic 274. Fatima, et. al., Feasibility studies using 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-phenyl-5- elements in food articles and evaluations of small-scale production of 4!Ti and ,BSm thiazoleaceticacid, ibid. in the wake of world trade organization in a nuclear reactor, ibid. implications, ibid.

63 Annual Report 2003-2004 304. J. H. Zaidi, Point of entry activities 318. G.Y. Hasan, N. Ahmed and N.K. mutation breeding. Asian Journal of Plant and inspection of equipment under Qazi, Design calculations for laboratory Sciences, 2(3): 273-276. challenge inspection, Expert Lectures in scale facility for conversion of UF, to U02 332. Hood, R.C., et al., 2003. Chemical Weapons Convention Training by IDR process, NMD-47 (2004). Development of preparations methods for Cadre, Chemical Project Complex, D.G. Carbon"/Carbon" analysis of Soil and Khan, 7-8 June, 2004. plant samples using optical breath test 305. J. H. Zaidi, Managed access BIOSCIENCES analyzers. Communication in Soil techniques under challenged inspection, Papers in Journals Science and Plant Analysis, USA. 24(15 ibid. & 16): 2219-2227. 319. Amal Badshah, et al., 2003. Quality studies of newly evolved chickpea 333. Hood, R.C., et al., 2003. C" Reports cultivars. Advances in Food Sciences. labelling and analysis by an optical breath Vol: 25-No. 3. analyzer. Soils News Letter, 26(1): 26-28. 306. A. Mushtaq, S. Pervez and M. 334. Imtiaz, M., et al., 2003. Zinc Khalid, Labeled biomolecules with Sm- 320: Chaudry, M.A., et al., 2003. Citrus Nutrition of Wheat: Effects on Growth and 153, Re-188, Y-90 for targeted Waste Utilization in Poultry Ration. Zinc Uptake. Asian J. Plant Sciences, radiotherapy, Final report of coordination European Journal of Poultry Science. 68 2(2): 152-155. research project (1998-2002) on labeling (3). techniques of biomolecules for targeted 321. Ghosia Lutfullah, et al., 2003 335. Imtiaz, M., et al., 2003. Zinc radiotherapy, IAEA-1359 (2003) 141. "Changes in the Quality of Sunflower & Nutrition of Wheat: Zinc interaction with trace elements. Asian J. Plant Sciences, 307. J.Zeb, W.Arshed and S.D. Orfi, C- Soybean oils Induced by high Doses of Gamma Radiation" Journal of Chem., 2(2): 156-160. Shielder, gamma shielding calculations of Soc. of Pak Vol 25, No 4,269-275. radionuclides emitting photons 0.5 to 10 336. Imtiaz, M., et al., 2003. Zinc MeV by different concretes, IAEA-1403 322. Alam Zeb and Taufiq Ahmad Contents in the Seed of Some Domestic (2003). (2004). The high dose irradiation affects and Exotic Wheat Genotypes. Asian J. Plant Sciences, 2(15-16): 1118-1120, 308. M.A. Farooq and J. Rehman, CNC the Quality Parameters of Edible Oils. machines and their interfacing, PINST- Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 337. Jamali, K.D., A. M. Soomroand S. 179 (2003). 7(6) 943946. A. Ali. 2004. Molecular markers in wheat. Pakistan Journal of Biotechnology 1(1): 309. A. Karim, et al., Development of 323. Y. Iqbal, N. Ahmad, Ihsanullah. 48-52. analytical software for semi-quantitative Letter to Editor on "Adsorption of toxic analysis of x-ray spectrum acquired from aliphatic amines on charcoal". The 338. Jamali, K.D., M.A. Arain and M.A. energy-dispersive spectrometer, PINST- International Journal of Environmental Javed. 2003. Breeding wheat (Triticum 180 (2003). Studies, 60 (4) (2003) 00. aestivum L.) for semi-dwarf character and high yield. The International Journal of 310. M. Akram, et al., An overview of 324. Ihsanullah, A. Ahmad and S.U. Khattak, Irradiation technology: Wheat Breeding and Genetics. WIS rare earths as magnetic materials, NMD- (Japan) 96:11-14. 44 (2003). Strategies for reducing losses of date palm in Pakistan, SAIC Newsletter Vol. 14 339. Javed, M.A., et al., 2003. 311. M. Aslam, et al., PINSTECH No. 1,8-9. Development of High Yielding Mutants of annual safety report 2002-2003, SAF-22 Brassica campestris L. cv. Toria Selection (2003). 325. Ahmed, H.M., et al., 2003. Path coefficient analysis in bread wheat. Asian through Gamma Rays Irradiation. Asian 312. A. Karim, et al., Control software J. Plant Sei. 2(6):491-494. J. Plant Sei,, 2(2):192-195. for neutron diffractometer, PINST-181 340. Kandhro, M., et al., 2004. (2004). 326. Ansari, B.A., et al., 2004. Implication of combining ability and estimation of heterosis and heterobel- 313. I.H. Khan, et al., Leakage heterosis in intra-hirsutum hybrids. Indus tiosis in F, hybrids of cotton (G. investigation in an underground cooling J. PI. Sei. 3(1): 49-55. hirsuttom). intl. J. Biol. Biotech 1(3): water pipeline at a thermal power station 271:274. using radiotracer technique, PINST-182 327. Alam, S.M. 2003. Effect of salinity (2004). and leaf extract of purple nutsedge on the 341. Khan, I.A., et al., 2004. In-vitro seedling growth of rice. Journal of studies in sugarcane. Pak. J. Biotech. 1: 314. M. A. Rana, et al., Software Science and Technology (Peshawar, 6-10. development for data acquisition to use Pakistan), 24(24): potential drops method during the fatigue 342. Khan, I.A., Et al., 2003. Tissue precracking and delayed hydrides 328. Alam, S.M and M.A. Khan. 2003. culture studies in sugarcane. Pak. Sug. J. cracking tests, PINST-183(2004). Effect of weed seed of barnyard grass and .18 (6):, 37-40. NaCI on the growth of rice. Asian J. Plant 343. Khan, I.A., et al., 2004. Perform- 315. A. Mushtaq and M. Jehangir, Sciences, 2(1): 139-140. ance of promising sugarcane clone for Quality control of column chromato- yield and quality traits in different graphic Molybdenum-99/Technetium- 329. Baloch, A.W., et al., (2003). ecological zones of Sindh. Pak. J. Bot., 36 99m generator (PAKGEN), IPD-4 (2004). Development of high yielding rice mutant variety through gamma rays irradiation. (1)83-92. 316. M. Ansar, et al., Fluidization The Nucleus. 39:3-4. studies, NMD-45 (2004). 344. Khan, M.A., et al., 2004. 330. Baloch, A.W., et al., (2003). Comparison between seed planting 317. N. Hussain, et al., Material Induction of salt tolerance in rice through methods. 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65 Annual Report 2003-2004 385. Nadeem, S., et al., 2004. Influence 398. Ali, Y., and A.R. Awan. 2004, 410. Kamal, A., et al., 2003. Salinity of different carbon and nitrogen sources Influence of salinity at seedling stage and induced changes in some growth and on the production of glutamic acid by on yield and yield components of different physio-chemical aspects of two soybean locally isolated bacteria., Int. J. Biol. rice lines. Int. J Biol. Biotech. 1(2):175- [Glycine max (L.) Mërr.] genotypes. Pak. Blotechnol., 1:25-30. 179. J. Bot. 35(1):93-97. 386. Nafees Altaf and M. M. Iqbal. 2003. 399. Ali, Y., Z. Aslam and M. Asif. 2004. 411. Khan Z.I., et al., 2003. Evaluation Towards a seedless cultivar of Kinnow A high yielding and salt tolerant new of potassium status of grazing goats in mandarin. IV. Embryo-genesis of one to cotton variety NIAB-999. Int. J Biol. south Punjab, Pakistan. J Animal and twelve seeded fruits. Pak. J. Bot. 35 (3): Biotech.1(2):181-186. Veterinary Advances 2(7):375-381. 343-350. 400. Ali, Y., et al., 2004. Genotypic and 412. Khan, A., et al., 2003. Cu status in .387. Nafees Altaf, M. M. Iqbal and environmental interaction in cowpea soil, plants and animals during winter and Ehsan Ullah Khan. 2004. Towards a (Vigna unguiculata L.) for yield and summer seasons. Pak. J. Bot. 35(5):757- seedless cultivar of Kinnow mandarin. VII. disease resistance. Int. J Environ. 763. Natural and induced variability. Pak. J. Sci.Techn. (Iran) 1(2): 127-131. 2 413. Khan, A., et al., 2003. Zn * status in Bot. 36(1): 93-102. 401. Ashraf M„ A. Zafar and M. Y. soil, plants and animals: A case study in 388. Nafees Altaf and M. M. Iqbal. 2003. Ashraf. 2003. Time-course changes in the buffalo. Indus J Plant Sei. 2(1 ):15-20. inorganic and organic components of Towards a seed cultivar of Kinnow 414. Khan, Z.I., et al., 2003. Contribu- germinating sunflower achenes under mandarin. VI. Production of seedless tion. of soil, forages, water and feed salt (NaCl) stress. Flora 198:26-36. plants by sprout shoot apex embryo toward meeting cobalt requirements of grafts. Pak. J. Bot 35 (4): pp. 563-570. 402. Ashraf, M, et al., 2004. grazing goats during different seasons. J 389. Nafees Altaf and M. M. Iqbal. 2003. Comparative effects of applying Animal & Veterinary Advances 2(8):470- Towards a seedless cultivar of Kinnow leguminous and non-leguminous green 477. mandarin. V. Embryo-genesis of picked manures and inorganic N on biomass 415. Khanzada, B., et al., 2003. Study and dropped fruits. Pak. J. Bot. 35 (4): pp. yield and N uptake in flooded rice (Oryza of photosynthetic efficiency of some guar 557-561. sativaL.). Biol. Fertil. Soil 40:147-152. (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub) 390. Nafees Altaf and M. M. Iqbal. 403. Ashraf, M., A. Kausar and M. Y. gerjotypes grown under different water 2003. Towards a seedless cultivar of Ashraf. 2003. 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66 Annual Report 2003-2004 enhancing crop productivity. II. Effect of 435. Azam F, Farooq S and Lodhi A 450. R. Zamir, et al., Effects of gamma

CaC2 as a source of ethylene on nutrient (2003) Microbial biomass in agricultural rays on the rooting of guava shoot tips. uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). soils determination, synthesis, dynamics Pak. J. Biotech. 1(1) 11-14 (2004). and role in plant nutrition. Pak J Biol. Sei. IntJ Biol Biotechnol 1,311-318. 451. Badshah, H., et al., 2003. Efficacy 6,636-639. 423. Alam SM and S. Azam Shah. of Mercuric Chloride and Copper 2003. Effect of individual versus 436. Azam F, Lodhi A and Farooq S Sulaphate against termites integrated use of phosphatic fertilizers on (2003) Response of flooded rice (Oryza (Heterotermes indicola) (Isoptera: P-uptake and yield of maize and wheat. sativa L.) to nitrogen application at two Rhintermitidae) Sarhad J. Agric. Vol. 20, Pak. J. Soil Sei. 22:74-80. root-zone temperature regimes. Biol. No.2, pp 275-278. Fertil. Soils. 38,21-25. 424. Alam SM and S.A Shah. 2003. 452. Khattak, S. U; A. Azhar and M. Effect of zinc and boron application on two 437. Azam F, Lodhi A and Sajjad MH Shahid 2004. Effect of food diets on insect rice genotypes. Pak. J. Soil Sei. 22(2): 67- (2003) Response of rice to nitrogenous development and its sensitivity to gamma 71. fertilizer and G-irradiated sewage sludge. radiation. Pak. J. Agric. Res. 18 (1): 25- Pak J Sei. Ind. Res. 46,129-134. 30. 425. Alam SM, et al., 2003. Effect of integrated use of industrial wastes and 438. Farooq S and Azam F (2003) 453. Javed, M. A., et al., 2003. chemical fertilizers on phosphorus uptake Biotechnology Promethean science or Development of High Yielding Mutants of and crop yields. Pak. J. Soil Sei. 22: 81- obsession. Biotechnol 2,52-72. Brassica campestris L. cv. Toria Selection through Gamma Rays Irradiation. Asian 86. 439. Mahmood T, Kaiser WM (2003) J. Plant Sei., 2(2):192-195. 426. Alam SM, et al., 2003. Wheat yield Growth and solute composition of the and P-fertilizer efficiency as influenced by salt-tolerant kallar grass [Leptochloa 454. Khan, I. A., et al., 2003. Tissue rate and integrated use of chemical and fusca (L.) Kunth] as affected by nitrogen culture studies in sugarcane. Pak. Sug. J. organic fertilizers. Pak. J. Soil Sei. 22(2): source. Plant & Soil252:359-366. 18 (6): 37-40 72-76. 440. Sajjad MH, Azam F and Lodhi A 455. Khan, l. A., et al., 2004. In-vitro 427. Altaf Hussain, et al., (2003) (2003) Nitrogen transformations in soil studies in sugarcane. Pak. J. Biotech. 1: Application of Nuclear Techniques in amended with different plant residues and 6-10. Pesticides Research. Pak. J. Anal. Chem. their impact on growth of wheat. Pak J 456. Khatri, A., et al., 2004. Mass 44 (2): 86-9. Biol. Sei. 6,805-813. production of banana (Musa spp.) 428. Ashraf A, Mahmood T, Azam F 441. Shah, K. H, et al., 2003. through biotechnological techniques. (2003) Translocation and recovery of "N- Performance of Fertigation Technique for Pak. J. Biotech. 1:15-17. P Usage Efficiency in Wheat. Asian J. labelled N derived from foliar uptake of 457. Khan, I.A., et a!., 2004. 1S Piant Sciences, 2(15-16): 1088-1091. NH3 by rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. Performance of promising sugarcane BiolFertilSoils, 38:257-260. 442. Shereen, A., et al., 2003. In vitro cloneforyield and quality traits in different 429. Ashraf M, et al,, (2004) selection for salt tolerance among ecological zones of Sindh. Pak. J. Bot., 36 Comparative effects of applying different strains of Bradirhizohium (1)83-92. japonicum, Pak. J. Bot., 35(1): 89-92. leguminous and non-leguminous green 458. Khatri, A., et al., 2004. Study the manures, and inorganic N on the biomass 443. Soomro, A. M., 2003. A new high performance of oilseed brassica in yield and nitrogen uptake in flooded rice yielding mutant aromatic rice variety different water regime. Pak. J. Bot 36 (2): (Oryza sativa L.) Biol Fertil Soils 40:147- Khushboo-95. International Rice 351-357. 152. Research Notes. 28 (1): 32. 430. Azam F and Farooq S (2003) An 444. Shah.S. J. A., et al., (2003). appraisal of methods for measuring Stability of rust resistance and yield Conference Proceedings symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legumes. potential of some ICARDA bread wheat 459. Aurang Zeb, et al., Radiation Pak J Biol Sei 6,1631-1642. lines in Pakistan. Pak.J.Sci.lnd.Res. Decontamination of Poultry feed 431. Azam F and Farooq S (2003) 46(6): 443-446. Nutritional and biochemical Effects ofthe treatment. Proceedings of symposium on Elevated COz and stress tolerance in crop 445. Raziuddin S., et al., Hormonal plants with particular reference to agro- Effect on Callus Induction In Tomato. Commercialization of Developed climatic conditions of Pakistan. Pak J Biol. Sarhad J. Agric. Vol. 20, No.2,2004. Technologies. Challenges and Sei. 6,1096-1107. opportunities. September, 21-22. 446. Iftikhar Ali and Mumtaz Ahmad, 432. Azam F and Farooq S (2003) 2004. " In vitro mutagenesis in oilseed 460. Aslam, M., Elahi, M.T. and Iqbal, N. Nitrification inhibition in soil and brassica"in Pak. J. Biotech. 1(1) 1-5. 2003 (Published in 2004). Evaluation and ecosystem functioning an overview. Pak confirmation of novel genotypes J Biol. Sei. 6, 528-535. 447. R. Zamir, et al., 2003. In- vitro generated under the project, mutagenesis in guava (Psidium guajava "Development of improved germplasm of 433. Azam F and Farooq S (2003) Use L.). Pak. J. Bot. 35(5): 825-828. cotton through radiation and DNA- of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) mediated embryo transformation to facilitate bacterial infection of roots. 448. Badshah, A., et al., (2004). Impact technique". Proc. Of 3rd and final RCM on Phytopath. 1,53-59. of genotype and location/environment on protein, gluten and moisture content of "Industrial Crops" organized by the IAEA. 434. Azam F and Müller C (2003) Effect Pakistani wheat. Advances in Food IAEATECDOC Series No.1369:69-79. of sodium chloride on denitrification in Sciences. 26 (3). 461. Farooq S, et al., 2003. Electrolyte glucose amended soil treated with leaching and salinity susceptibility index ammonium and nitrate nitrogen. J Plant 449. Zamir R., et al., 2003. In Vitro as selection criteria for salt tolerant wheat NutrSoil Sei 166,594-600. mutagenesis in Guava (Psidium guajava L.). Pak. J. Bot., 35(5): 825-828,2003.

67 Annual Report 2003-2004 (Triticuum aestivum L.). Proceedings of disease resistance in chickpea, and its inorganic electrolytes. In: Abstracts of the 10th, int. Wheat Genetic. Symp. 2: 700- utilization in breeding. In: Sustainable 10th Intl. Congress of Soil Science, 702. Utilization of Plant Genetic Resources for organized by the Soil Sei. Soc. Pakistan, Agricultural Production: Proceed, of at Sindh Agric.l Univ., Tandojam,. p. 128 462. Hassan, M„ et al., 2004. Effect of Seminar, December 17-19 2002, NARC, 482. Ashraf, M., M.M. Iqbal and F. NP on yield, quality and cotton disease. Islamabad, pp. 28-37. Proc. 4th International and 14th National Hussain. 2003. Agrigels: the prospective Chemistry Conference. 474. Khattak G. S. S., et al., 2003. soil conditioners for salt-affected soils. In: Development of High Yielding and Abstracts ofthe 8th Natl. Meeting of Plant 463. Khattak, S. U; et al., 2001. Disease Resistant Chickpea (c/cer Scientists, Organized by Pak. Botanical Screening of different chickpea cultivars anetinum L.) Mutants.//?.' Sustainable Soc. at the University of Karachi, Karachi, for resistance against pulse beetle, Utilization of Plant Genetic Resources for Pakistan, p. 60 Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). Proc. Agricultural Production: Proceeding of 21st Pak. Cong. Zool. International. 21: 483. Zamir R., N. Ali, G. S. S.Khattak Seminar, 17-19 December 2002, NARC, 95-100. and T. Mohammad. 2003. Studies on the Islamabad, Pakistan, p. 73-77. shelf life elongation in garlic (Allium 464. Khattak, S. (J; et al., 2002. sativum L.). In: 8th National Meeting of Screening of chickpea genotypes against Plant Scientists Feb. 24-28, 2003, gram pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera Conference Presentations Department of Botany, University of Hub.) using bioassay technique. Proc. 475. Aslam, M. and Shahida Hasnain. Karachi, Pakistan. 22nd Pak. Cong. Zool. 22:49-55. 2004. Correlation and path coefficient 484. S. J. A. Shah, et al., 2004. Post- 465. Alamzeb, et al., 2002. Evaluation studies of yield components in Upland Release Monitoring of Bakhtawar-92' of pheroitione traps at different heights for cotton. G. hirsutum L. Proc. 2nd National and Screening of CIMMYT/ICARDA management of chickpea pod borer (H. Conf. Biol. Soc. Pakistan held at Govt. Bread Wheat Germplasm for Resistance armigera Hub.). Proc. Pak. Cong. Zool. College University, Lahore, from 21-23 to Yellow Rust (Puccinia Striiformis F. SP. 22: 79-85. April, 2004. Tritici) in Pakistan. In: Abstracts, Second 466. Farid, A; et al., 2002. Selection of 476. Hina Syed, et al., Study for Regional Yellow Rust Conference For acaricides with least toxic effect on Fusarium wilt resistance in chickpea by Central & West Asia And North Africa, 22- Sitotroga cerealella Oliv culture using peroxide isozyme. Proc. 7th 26 March 2004, Islamabad, Pakistan. Pp. efficiency. Proc. 22nd Pak. Cong. Zool. International Conference "Trends in 18. 22:133-138. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology", April 2-5,2003, Lahore, Pakistan. 467. Imtiaz, M., et al., 2004. "Zinc Pamphlets sorption in selected soils from Pakistan 477. M. Ahsanul Haq, et al., Induction of and England". 10th International genetic variability for plant type and 485. Ali, Y., Z. Aslam and F. Hussain. Congress of Soil Science held at SAU, disease resistance in chickpea, and its 2003. "Nuclear Techniques Assisted Tando Jam from March 16-19,2004. utilization in breeding programme. Proc. Management of Salt Affected Waste Seminar on "Sustainable Utilization of 468. Jamali, K. D. and S. A. Ali 2003. Lands and Brackish Water in Pakistan" Plant Genetic Resources for Agricultural "Exploitation of semi-dwarf wheat Recommendations for getting good yields Production" 17-19 Dec. 2002, NARC, (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes for high of wheat from saline soils. Pamphlet in Islamabad, Pakistan, pp.28-37. April yield". Proc. 10th Int. Wheat Genetics Urdu, 8 p. 2003 Symp. 2: 727-729, 1-6 September, 2003, 486. Ali, Y., Z. Aslam and F. Hussain. Pastern, Italy. 478. Sadiq. M. S, et al., 2003. Induced 2004. "Nuclear Techniques Assisted Management of Salt Affected Waste 469. Memon, M. Y., et al., 2004. Effect genetic variability for economic traits in IAEA/RCA Regional workshop on Lands and Brackish Water in Pakistan". of different N levels on various cotton- lh "Reviewing Results of Mutant Recommendations for getting good yields legume intercropping systems. 10 Multilocation Trials" Oct 27-31, Manila of rice from saline soils.Pamphlet in Urdu, international Congress of Soil Science Philippines. 7p. held at SAU, Tando Jam from March 16- 19,2004. 479. Sadiq. M. S, et al., 2003. 487. Wahed, R.A., F. Hussain and M.M. Diversified mungbean germplasm for 470. Mukhtiar Ali, et al., 2003. Iqbal. 2004. Don't eliminate the seed yield potential in IAEA/ RCA Phosphorus adsorption in representative Eucalyptus trees get profit froin its leaf Regional workshop on "Reviewing soils of Peshawar Valley (NWFP). Pak. J. biomass and wood. Urdu Pamphlet Results of Mutant Multilocation Trials" Oct Sei. Ind. Res., 46(4): 288-294. No.BSRS-ll/05, p.1. 27-31, Manila Philippines. 471. Shah, K. H„ et al., 2004. Efficiency Newsletters of fertigation technique for economizing 480. T.M. Shah, et al., Utilization of wild chickpea germplasm for resistance to 488. Aslam, Z, et al., 2003. Sustainable fertilizer P in berseem. 10th International use of ground water fot- plant production. various stresses. Proc. Seminar on Congress of Soil Science held at SAU, Salinity & Environment Newsletter. Vol.1. "Sustainable Utilization of Plant Genetic Tando Jam from March 16-19,2004. (4), p. 4. Resources for Agricultural Production" 472. Raja, A. R. and K. H. Shah, 2004. 17-19 Dec. 2002, NARC, Islamabad, 489. Zamir, R., G. S. S. Khattak and M. Evaluation of phosphobacterial and Pakistan, pp.78-82. April 2003 J. Qureshi. 2003. Cluster fruiting-a new mycorrhizal in wheat. 10th International mutant form in guava cultivar, Safeda in 481. Ashraf, M., F. Hussain and H. Congress of Soil Science held at SAU, Pakistan. SAARC Agricultural Shahida. 2004. Effect of bacterial exo- Tando Jam from March 16-19,2004. Information Centre newsletter. 13(1): 9- polysaccharides on aggregate stability of 10. (Bangladesh). 473. M. A. Haq, et al„ 2003. Induction of a clay fraction obtained from a salt- genetic variability for plant type and affected soil following addition of

68 Annual Report 2003-2004 Articles 505. Alam, S.M and M.A. Khan. 2003. 521. Alam, S. M. 2003. Fighting salinity. Pineapple A delicious fruit. Financial Post Pakistan and Gulf Economist (Karachi, 490. Salihah, Z; A. Sattar; S.U.K. (Karachi, Pakistan). Tuesday, August 5, Pakistan)., November 3-7, XXII, No. 44: Khattak. 2004. Phasloon our Baghaat ki p. 4. 15. deemak ka marboot tareeqe Tadaraq. Urdu research bulletin pp 1-9. 506. Alam, S.M and M.A. Khan. 2003. 522. Alam, S.M. 2003. Neem A The proteins Component of life. Financial wonderful tree. Financial Post (Karachi, 491. Salihah, Z; A. Sattar; S.U.K. Post (Karachi, Pakistan). Friday, August Pakistan)., Friday, November7, p. 4. Khattak. 2004. Deemak kay gharoonday 8, p. 4. ka soragh bazaria NIFA-TERMAP. Urdu 523. Alam, S.M. and M.H. Naqvi. 2003. research bulletin, pp 1-4. 507. Alam, S. M and M.H. Naqvi. 2003. Importance of potassium in plant growth. Agriculture in SAARC countries. Pakistan Daily Dawn (Karachi, Pakistan), 492. Khattak, S. U; et al., 2004. Fruit fly and Gulf Economist, (Karachi, Pakistan), November 10,2003, pp. IV. traps preparation and field applications. August 11-17, XXII. No. 32, pp. 30-33. NIFA Res. Bull. (36): pp-3. 524. Alam, S.M. 2003. Tree planting in 508. Alam, S. M.. 2003. Integrated plant desert areas of country. Pakistan and Gulf 493. Khattak, S. U; et al., 2004. Fruit fly nutrient management. Pakistan and Gulf Economist (Karachi, Pakistan)., an important problem in fruits and Economist, (Karachi, Pakistan), August November 10-16, XXII, No. 45:35. vegetables and its control. NIFA Bulletin 18-24, XXII. No. 33, pp. 16-18. pp 5 (In Urdu). 525. Alam, S.M. and M.H. Naqvi. 2003. 509. Alam, S. M. 2003. Importance of Plant growth regulators. Daily Dawn 494. Ahmadani, M.A., M.A. Arain and water. Financial Post (Karachi, Pakistan). (Karachi, Pakistan), November 17, 2003, N.A. Nizamani. 2003. Crop weeds and Monday, August 18, p. 4. pp. IV. their management. Sindh Ziraat 13(11): 6- 7. 510. Alam, S. M. 2003. Worldwide rice 526. Alam, S.M. 2003. Citrus World's production. Pakistan and Gulf Economist leading tree fruit crop. Financial Post 495. Ahmadani, M.A., M.A. Arain and (Karachi, Pakistan), Sept. 1-7, XXII No. (Karachi, Pakistan)., Wednesday 19, N.A. Nizamani. 2003. Land preparation 35:19-29. November5, p. 4. for wheat planting. Sindh Ziraat 13(11):6- 7. 511. Alam, S. M. 2003. Growth 527. Alam, S.M. 2003. Food production prospects and constraints in agriculture- in the country. Financial Post (Karachi, 496. Ahmad, N., et al., 2003. Mewan je Pakistan and Gulf Economist, (Karachi, Pakistan)., Monday, Novernber24, p. 4. makh Ja Nuksan ain Bachaio. Monthly Pakistan), Sept. 8-14, Vol. XXII. No. 36: 528. Alam, S.M. 2003. Food security Zarae Dost (Sindhi), Karachi. Volume No. 16-19. 5 August 2003. and consumption patterns. Financial Post 512. Alam, S. M., etal., 2003. Berseem- (Karachi, Pakistan)., Monday, November 497. Ahmad, N., et al., 2004. Kamand an important fodder crop. Financial Post 24, p. 4. jai nuksankar jeetan ge hayatiati zaboto. (Karachi, Pakistan). 16Sept.,X(123):4. Monthly Sindh Zarat, Karachi, June 2004. 529. Alam, S.M. 2003. Environmental 513. Alam, S. M. 2003. Salt affected pollution. Pakistan and Gulf Economist 498. Alam, S. M. 2003. Salinity and soils. Financial Post (Karachi, Pakistan), (Karachi, Pakistan)., November 24 plant tolerance. Pakistan and Gulf 19Sept.,X(120):4. December7, XXII, No. 47:38-39. Economist, (Karachi, Pakistan), June 30 July 6,XXII. No. 26, p. 32. 514. Alam, S. M. 2003. Using hydro- 530. Alam, S.M. 2003. Weeds and their ponic system in Thar desert. Financial ill-effects on main crops. Daily Dawn 499. Alam, S. M. 2003. Water manage- Post (Karachi, Pakistan)., Sept. 26, p. 4. (Karachi, Pakistan), December 1. ment. Pakistan and Gulf Economist, (Karachi, Pakistan), July 7-13, XXII. No. 515. Alam, S.M. 2003. Soil as support- 531. Alam, S.M, 2003. Radioisotopes. 27, pp. 41-42. ing media for plant growth. Pakistan and Pakistan and Gulf Economist (Karachi, Gulf Economist, (Karachi, Pakistan), Vol. Pakistan)., Dec. 8-15, XXII, No. 49:30. 500. Alam, S. M. 2003. Role of woman XXII. No. 39:16-17. in agriculture and social activities. 532. Alam, S.M., M.A. Khan and S.M. Pakistan and Gulf Economist, (Karachi, 516. Alam, S.M. and M.A. Khan. 2003. Mujtaba. 2004. Declining of fertility of land Pakistan), July 14-20, XXII. No. 28, pp. Growth regulator and agriculture. Finan- in Sindh. Business Recorder, 1st April, p. 40-41. cial Post (Karachi, Pakistan). X(147): 4. 4. 501. Alam, S. M and M. H. Naqvi. 2003. 517. Alam, S. M. 2003. Pakistan 533. Mujtaba, S.M. and S.M. Alam. Agricultural technology for crop growth. agriculture and farmers. Pakistan and 2003. Phases of rice growth. Business Pakistan and Gulf Economist, (Karachi, Gulf Economist, (Karachi, Pakistan), Vol. Recorder (Karachi, Pakistan), Sunday Pakistan), July 21-27, XXII. No. 29, pp. XXII. No.40:37-40. July6, p. 4. 27-29. 518. Alam, S. M. 2003. Global warming. 534. Arain, M.A. and M.A. Sial, 2003. 502. Alam, S.M. and M.H. Naqvi. 2003. Pakistan and Gulf Economist (Karachi, Wheat varieties of NIA Tando Jam. 2003. Livestock vision in the country. Financial Pakistan)., October 20-26, XXII, No. 42: Sindh Zaraatl 3(10):5. Post (Karachi, Pakistan). Wednesday, 41. 535. Jafri., K. A., J. Fazal Ali and N.A. July23, p. 4. 519. Alam, S. M. 2003. Food security Sheikh. 2003. New mungbean variety 503. Alam, S.M. 2003. Maximizing threatened by population growth. AEM-96: A helping tool in improving agriculture growth. Pakistan and Gulf Pakistan and Gulf Economist (Karachi, mungbean yield in Sindh province. Sindh Economist, (Karachi, Pakistan), August Pakistan)., October 27 - November 2, Zaraat (Sindhi), 135:11. 3, XXII. No. 30, pp. 27-28. XXII, No.43: 37. 536. Sial, M.A., M.A. Arain and N.A. 504. Alam, S.M. 2003. Frontiers in crop 520. Alam, S.M. 2003. Mango The king Nizamani. 2003. The necessity of timely productivity. Pakistan and Gulf Econo- of fruits. Financial Post (Karachi, planting of wheat. Sindh Zaraat 13(12): mist, (Karachi, Pakistan), August 4-10, Pakistan)., October28, p. 4. 32-33. XXII. No. 31, pp. 28-29.

69 Annual Report 2003-2004 537. Shah, S. A., and S. Ali, 2004. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC 559. Nisar, H., et al., (2003) "Toxicity "NIFA-MUSTARD CANOLA"-Raya ki nai ENGINEERING testing of cyhalothrin in Fish". Indus taraqidadah qisam ki kasht, Urdu Journal of Plant Science, 2(2). Research Rubi. Omar Art Press, 1-4 pp. 560. Parvez, S., et al., (2004). Biolistic 538. Shah, S. A. and S. U. K. Khattak, Papers In Journals transformation of structural genes for ß- 2003. Working Paper on "Method and 548. Asad, S., et al., (2003). Transgenic glucosidase from Cellulomonas biazotea Means for Adoption in Agriculture sector tobacco expressing geminiviral RNAs are into Saccharomyces cerevisiae. African in next five years for increasing resistant to the serious viral pathogen J. Biotechnol. 3:112-115. contribution of agriculture to the GDP of causing cotton leaf curl disease. Archives 561. Parvez, S., et al., 2004. Biolistic Pakistan. Submitted to PAEC Qrs. of Virology 148:2341-2352". transformation of Saccharomyces 539. Shah, S. A., 2003, NIFA-RAYA: 549. Briddon, R. W., et al., (2003). cerevisiae with jß-glucosidase gene from Mutant variety of Oilseed Mustard, Pak Diversity of DNA 1: a satellite-like Cellulomonas biazotea. Afr. J. Atom Nov.-Dec. 2003:7 pp. molecule associated with monopartite Biotechnol., 3(1): 112-115. 540. Zamir, R., G. S. S. Khattak and M. begomovirus/DNAß complexes. Virology 562. Rabia, (2003) "Toxicity testing of J. Qureshi. 2003. Cluster fruiting-a new 324:462-474". Chlorpyrifos in Fish". Indus Journal of mutant form in guava cultivar, Safeda in 550. Gull, M., et al., 2004. Phosphate- Plant Science, 2(2): 158-161, April 2003 Pakistan. SAARC Agricultural Informa- uptake and growth promotion of chickpea 563. Rad, M. E., et al., 2004. A novel tion Centre newsletter. 13(1): 9-10. (Cicer arietinum L.) by co-inoculation of vector for expression/secretion of (Bangladesh). mineral phosphate solubilizing bacteria properly folded eukaryotic proteins: a 541. Shah, S. A., 2004. NIFA Scientists and a mixed rhizobial culture. Aust. J, comparative study on cytoplasmic and develop high yielding mustard canola Exp. Agri. 44(6): 623-628 periplasmic expression of human variety, The Daily Statesman, Jan. 31, 551. Hafeez, F.Y., et al., 2003, epidermal growth factor in E.coli. Ir. 2004 BioPower commercial biofertilizer for Biomed. J. 8(2): 51-61. sustainable agriculture, Grasland and 564. Rajoka, M.l.,et al., (2003). Kinetics Turf, (Quarterly) Chinese Grassland of 73-glucosidase production by Reports Society & Co. ISSN 1009-5500, CN 62- Saccharomyces cerevisiae recombinants 542. Ashraf, M. 2003. Use of exo- 1156/S, No. 2 (Sum No. 101) pp. 10-13 harboring heterologous bgl genes. polysaccharides producing rhizospheric (English & Chinese), Biotechnol Lett. 25:945-948. bacteria for crop improvement on salt 552. Hameed S. et al., 2004. 565. Rajoka, M. I. Khan, S„ Shahid, R. affected soils. IFS/COMSTECH Res. Rhizobiurn, Sradyrhizobium and (2003). Kinetics and regulation of the Project Report for 2000-2003. Agrobacterium strains isolated from production of ^-galactosidase from 543. Shah, S. A., et al., 2003. Improve- cultivated legumes. Biol, Fertil. Soil. Kluyveromyces mamianus grown on ment of rapeseed and mustard by 39(3): 179-185. different substrates. Food Technol. induced mutations and in vitro techni- 553. Hanif, A., e.t al., (2004). Biotechnol. 41:315-320. ques. IAEA TECDOC-1369:133-142. Production, repression and derepression 566. Rajoka, M.I., et al., (2003) Kinetic 544. Khan, A.J., et al., (2004). Bread of ,/3-cellobiosidase synthesis in and thermodynamic studies of native and wheat improvement for drought tolerance Aspergillus niger.Biores. Technol. mutated extracellular endoglucanases and high yield potential. PSF tech. report. 94:311-319 produced by Cellulomonas biazotea I (1): 1-17. 554. Hussain M., et al., (2003). First Protein and Peptide Letters 10:561-568. 545. Zamir R., et al., Improvement of report of cotton leaf curl disease affecting 567. Rajoka, M.I., et al., (2004). Carbon Guava (Psidium guajava L.) through chili peppers. Plant Pathology 52:809. and nitrogen sources and fermentation Induced Mutations and In Vitro Culture. 555. Iqbal, Z., et al., (2003). Kinetics of temperature regulation of a thermostable Report Of the Second Research Co- enhanced thermostability of extracellular ,/5-glucosidase production by an ordination Meeting of FAO/IAEA Co- glucoamylase from Arachniotus sp. indigenous culture of Kluyveromyces ordinated Research Project, held in Biotechnol. Lett.25:1667-1670. marxianus. Appt. Biochem. Biotechnol Vienna, Austria, 2-6 September 2002. 117:75-92 IAEA-312.D2/RC.823-2 Pp: 95-98. 556. Mansoor, S., et al., (2003). The breakdown of resistance in cotton to 568. Rajoka, M.I., et al., (2004). 546. Zamir R., et al., 2003. Radio cotton leaf curl disease in Pakistan. Plant Production of single cell protein by rice sensitivity of guava (Psidium guajava L.) Pathology 52:784. polishing by Candida utilis World J. cultivars safeda seeds and bud wood. Microbiol. Biotechnol20,297-301. Report of the Second Research Co- 557. Mansoor, S., et al., (2003). Cotton 569. Rajoka, M.l.,et al., (2004). Kinetics ordination Meeting of FAO/iAEA Co- leaf curl disease is associated with of improved productivity and ordinated Research Project, held in multiple monopartite begomoviruses thermostability of a mutant-derived Vienna, Austria, 2-6 September 2002. supported by single DNA ß. Archives of intracellular ,/3-glucosidase from IAEA-312.D2/RC.823-2 Pp: 99-104, Virology 148:1969-1986. Cellulomonas biazotea Biotechnol. Lett. 547. Khattak, S.U.K; et al., 2004. 558. Naeem, F., et al., 2004. Competiti- 26:281-285 Integrated management of fruit flies in veness of introduced/Rhizobium strains 570. Rajoka, M.I., Yasmin, A., Latif, F. Pakistan (NIFA Component-Ill) Annual for nodulation in fodder legumes in (2004). Production of ethanol from raw Progress Report 2003-2004, pp 5. Pakistan. Pakistan J. of Botany, 36(1):159-166. maize starch using glucoamylase produced by a mutant of Aspergillus niger. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 39:13-18

70 Annual Report 2003-2004 571. Yasmin, S., et ai., 2004. Isolation, Presented at National Executive 592. Shafiq, M. I., et al., (2003). characterization and beneficial effects symposium on "Technologies developed Establishment of regeneration system for rice associated PGPRs from Zanzibar for commercialization - Challenges and potato (Solanum tuberosum L c.v. soils. J. Basic Microbiology.44:241-252. opportunities" September21-22,2003. At Desiree). PP.94. 7th Biennial Conference Pearl Continental Hotel, Peshawar. of Trends in Biochemistry and Molecular 572. Zafar, Y., et al„ (2003). Genome Biology. April 2-5, Institute of Bio- characterization of whitefly-transmitted 582. Hussain, M., et al., (2003). RNAi chemistry and Biotechnology, Punjab geminiviruses of cotton and development based resistance by targeting DNA A and University, Lahore. of virus-resistant plants through genetic DNA B of begomoviruses. Final meeting engineering and conventional breeding. of CFC/ICAC 07 project, ICBA, Dubai 28- 593. Shaheen A., Khan, Q.M. and Faiz, ICAC Recorder. 30 September2003. M. (2003) Detection of irradiation treatment of meet samples using comet 583. Khan Q M and Haq, M.A. (2003), assay; International Animal Nutrition DNA Damage induced by Cyhalothrin in Conference, Lahore Conference Presentations Fresh Water Fish, 7th PSBMB inter- 573. Afzal, M., et ai., (2003) national conference, Lahore 594. Siddique, M., et al., (2003). N- terminal and C-terminai domains of "Application of Biotechnology for the 584. Khan, M. S. (2004). Chloroplast truncated replicase gene of cotton leaf Treatment of Industrial effluents" molecular biology: from basic to modern curl virus elicit resistance against the September, 21-21, 2003. At Pearl horizons. Khalid, A.M., Khan, M.S., virus in transgenic tobacco plants. Final Continental Hotel, Peshawar. Shinwari, Z.K., Malik, K.A. and Nasim, A. Workshop of CFC/ICAC project on cotton eds. Advanced Techniques in Biotech- 574. Anjuman, A., et al., (2004). geminiviruses. September 28-30, ICBA, nology: A manual of an international Arabidopsis Vacuolar Pyrophosphatase Dubai. (AVP1) induces Drought and Salt NIBGE-COMSTECH (CPC) workshop, tolerance in Nicotiana tabacum plants, pp. 9-18, Shangrila Printers, Fsd. 595. Zahoor, M. A, et al., (2004). Gordon Research Conference on Water Pakistan. "Molecular Detection of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus By Polymerase Chain and Salt stress in Plants held at Hong 585. Mansoor, S., et al., (2004). Use of Reaction In Pakistan" International Kong, China. June 13-18,2004. RNA interference for silencing of two Poultry Scientific Forum, January 28-30, begomovirus genes. 4th International 575. Arif, M., (2003). Effectiveness of 2004 Georgia World Congress Center, Geminivirus Symposium / 2nd Inter- bacterial blight resistance gene Xa-4 in Atlanta, Georgia. Pakistan. 4th National Conference of national ssDNA Virus Workshop: Cape Plant Pathology. October 14-16, Town, South Africa February 15-20,2004. 596. Zahoor, M. A., et al., (2004). "Molecular Characterization of Infectious University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpidi. 586. Mansoor, S. et al., (2003). A Bursal Disease Virus In Pakistan" ibid. 576. Asad, S., et al., (2003). Isolation molecular insight into evolution and and characterization of potato leaf roll spread of cotton leaf curl disease 597. Rad, M.E., et al., (2003). A virus (PLRV) coat protein gene from complex. Final meeting of CFC/ICAC 07 comparative study of cytoplasmic and Pakistan. 4th National Conference of project held in ICBA, Dubai 28-30 periplasmic expression of human Plant Pathology. October 14-16, September2003. epidermal growth factor in E.coli: study of University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi. bioactivity, folding and yield of 587. Mansoor, S., et al., (2003) Under- recombinant proteins in both of the 577. Asad S., et al., (2003) Genetic standing the role of DNA b in cotton leaf systems. 15th European Congress of Engineering of Tobacco/Cotton for Cotton curl disease. Final meeting of CFC/ICAC Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Leaf Curl Disease (CLCuD) Resistance. 07 project held in ICBA, Dubai 28-30 Medicine, Italy pp: 1071-1078 Final Workshop of CFC/ICAC project on September2003. cotton geminiviruses. September 28-30, 588. Mansoor, S., et al., (2003). Silenc- ICBA, Dubai. ing of DNA b through RNA interference. Newsletter 578. Farooq, U., Haq, M.A. and Khan, Final meeting of CFC/ICAC 07 project 598. Mansoor, S. (2003). A resistance Q.M. (2004). "RT-PCR based diagnosis ICBA, Dubai 28-30 September 2003. breaking strain of CLCuV appears in of rinderpest virus in Pakistan". 2nd 589. Nadeem, R., et al., (2004) Pakistan. IWSNNewsletter. Issue No, 17. international Symposium on Biotech- "Removal of Cadmium from aqueous nology, Jan 19-21, 2004. University of solution with the help of Labeo Sindh Jamshoro, Pakistan rohitascales". 4th international & 14th Reports 579. Farooq, U., Khan, Q.M. and Haq, national chemistry conference, May 16- M.A. (2004). "Molecular based diagnostic 18,2004, Lahore, Pakistan. 599. Hussain, M.,et al., (2004). First of rinderpest virus by using Trizol". 2nd report of Mungbean yellow mosaic India 590. Saeed, N.A., et al., (2003). international Symposium on Biotech- virus on mungbean crop in Pakistan. New Establishment of in vitro system for cotton nology, Jan 19-21, 2004. University of Disease Reports. regeneration and transformation. Final Sindh Jamshoro, Pakistan Workshop of CFC/ICAC project on cotton 600. Hussain, M.,et al., 2004. First 580. Hafeez, F.Y. 2004, Biofertilizer geminiviruses. September 28-30, ICBA, report of tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus Technology, International Workshop on Dubai. affecting chili pepper in Pakistan. New Disease Reports. Advanced Techniques in Biotechnology, 591. Sarwar, G., et al., (2003). 5-17 January, 2004 at NIBGE/ Mechanism of resistance and diversity in 601. Khan QM (2004) Final Technical COMSTECH, Faisalabad. (Manual: pp. sources of natural resistance against Report on "Use of molecular and cellular 38-46). cotton leaf curl disease. Final meeting of techniques to monitor DNA damage and 581. Haq M. A., et al., (2003) "RT-PCR CFC/ICAC 07 project held in ICBA, Dubai repair in human cell lines exposed to DNA based Diagnosis of Infectious Bursal 28-30 September2003. damaging agents. (Postdoctoral research Disease Virus (IBDV) in Pakistan". at Dept Oncology, UCL, London).

71 Annual Report 2003-2004 602. Khan QM (2003) Technical Conference Presentations trends on pharmaceuticals October, 21- Report-1 on "Use of molecular and 23 Islamabad. 611. Akhtar Ahmed "SPECT tumour cellular techniques to monitor DNA volume (STV) in the assessment of 621. Khan Muhammad Sajid, "Serum damage and repair in human cell lines tumour response in patients with PSA level in fertilizer factory workers" 1 st exposed to DNA damaging agents" carcinoid Tumours" 2nd International oncology conference Submitted to HEC, Pakistan, PAEC and PAEC Nuclear medicine conference Dept Oncology UCL UK. 622. Israr Ahmad, "In vivo labeling of (April 2004, Lahore) 98 RBC with technetium- "" ibid. 603. Khan Q M (2003) Final Technical 612. Muhammad Ali, "Effects of Cancer Report on biosorption based removal of Chemotherapy on Harmones" ibid. heavy metals from Industrial effluents, SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING PAK-KAZAKH-Project (984-1) submitted 613. Ajmal, "Evaluation of p-Fast for to MoST, Pakistan. Evaluation of left ventricle volumes and SERVICES ejection fraction". A comparison with 604. Khan Q M (2003) TC-IAEA ERNA and QGS. J Cardiovascular dis: (PAK/5/041.) Technical Report on Setting 623. M. A. Khan and M. Afzal, Analysis 2(1); 11-14. (JAN. 2004) up of PCR and immunoassay based ofthe Mechanics of Fracture of Flanges in methods for diagnosis and control of 614. Abid Hameed and Umardaraz, the Turbine Cross-Over Piping. rinderpest in Pakistan submitted to IAEA "Delay in diagnosis of Breast Masses". 624. M. Afzal, et al., NCNDT Vianna, Austria. 2nd International Oncology Conference/ Experience of Fracture Mechanics Based 2nd PSNM meeting at INMOL, Lahore, dated: 8-10 April, 2004. Condition Assessment of Pressurized Components. NUCLEAR MEDICINE 615. Basit Iqbal and Abid Hameed, 625. Tahir Nazir, et al., Third Party, "Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy in Papers In Journals Non-Destructive Testing Activities buring Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus In-Service Inspection at a Power Plànt. 605. Akhtar Ahmed, "Prediction of Presenting with Non-specific Cardiac Clinical Outcome in Treated Neuro- Symptoms". Ibid. 626. RiffatA. Pasha and M. A. Khan, et endocrine Tumours of Carcinoid type al., An Acoustic Emission Investigation of 616. Rafia Toor and Abid Hameed, using functional volumes on 111 in Microfracture Processes in Nuclear "How much is enough in Near Total Pentetreoide SPECT Imaging". Pressure Vessel Steel. Communication Volume 25 (3), March Thyroidectomy in case of Well Different- 2004, pp 253-257. iated Carcinoma Thyroid for Effective 627. M. A. Khattak, et al., An Acoustic Management with High Dose of Iodine Emission Monitoring for Prevention of 606. K .M. Sajid, "Review of practical 131". Ibid. Failure in RCC Structures. Aspects of magnetizable solid state separation techniques in immuno- 617. Abbas H.G. and Saeeda Asghar. 628. M. Afzal, et al., Standardization of assays", The NUCLEUS, 39 (3-4) 2002, "Quality Control of Radioiodinated Fatty Portable Non-Destructive X-ray PP201-226 (March 2004). Acids Using Modern Radioanalytical Fluorescence Alloy Analyzer for In- Techniques". International Conference on Service Inspection. 607. M.I. Babar, et al, "Pandered Current Trends in Radiopharmaceuticals, 629. M.A. Khan, et al., A New Fracture Syndrome", JCPSP 2003,13 (8), PP 463- Islamabad, 21 st to 23rd October, 2003. 464 (January 2004). Mechanics Method for Evaluation of 618. Shahina Parveen, "Recent Radiation Damage in Reactor Pressure 608. Sajid, "Review of practical Aspects Advances in Brest Cancer Management", Vessel for Remaining Life Assessment. of magnetizable solid state separation symposium on "Recent advance in the 630. M. A. Khan, M. Afzal and M. A. techniques in immunoassays", The Management of Carcinoma Breast" NUCLEUS, 39 (3-4) 2002, PP201-226 Khattak, Failure Analysis of Valve Stem of arranged by department of general Emergency Diesel Generator. (March 2004). surgery, Pakistan Institute of Medical 609. M.I. Babar, et al, "Pandered Sciences, Islamabad. 631. M. Sabir Chaudhary and Sultan Sikander, NCNDT Experience in Eddy Syndrome", JCPSP 2003,13 (8), PP 463- 619. Sohail Murad, "Role of Current Testing Technique for the 464 (January 2004). Sandostatin in Diarhea". Dubai, Evaluation of Structural Integrity of symposium on "Recent Advances in 610. Khan Muhammad Sajid, "Prostatic Chemical and Power Plants. Specific Antigen levels in fertilizer factory Oncology" from 29-30 August, 2003. 632. M. Sabir Chaudhary and Sultan workers" JCPSP May 2004, 14(5); pp. 620. Muhammad Sajid, "Thyroid Sikander, Tube Plugging Criteria for Heat 290-293. hormones economy of normal person and Exchangers, Boilers and Condensers, patients with thyroid disease", etc. international conference on current

72 Annual Report 2003-2004