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Metabolitos Secundarios Obtenidos De La Familia Myristicaceae Que Producen Inhibición Enzimática Y Actividad Biológica
METABOLITOS SECUNDARIOS OBTENIDOS DE LA FAMILIA MYRISTICACEAE QUE PRODUCEN INHIBICIÓN ENZIMÁTICA Y ACTIVIDAD BIOLÓGICA Xiomara Alejandra Cabrera Martínez Universidad Nacional de Colombia Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Bogotá D.C. Colombia 2019 METABOLITOS SECUNDARIOS OBTENIDOS DE LA FAMILIA MYRISTICACEAE QUE PRODUCEN INHIBICIÓN ENZIMÁTICA Y ACTIVIDAD BIOLÓGICA Xiomara Alejandra Cabrera Martínez Tesis o trabajo de investigación presentada(o) como requisito parcial para optar al título de: Magister en Ciencias - Química Director: Qco. M.Sc. Dr. Sc. Luis Enrique Cuca Suarez Línea de Investigación: Química de Productos Naturales Grupo de Investigación: Estudio Químico y de Actividad Biológica de Rutaceae y Myristicaceae Colombianas Universidad Nacional de Colombia Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Bogotá D.C. Colombia 2019 Mi estrella que brilla en el cielo y guía mis caminos. Agradecimientos A Dios por la vida y permitirme vivir este proceso de formación. A toda mi familia por su apoyo, especialmente a mi padre. A mi director y profesor Luis Enrique Cuca Suárez quien me acepto en este proyecto, y en el grupo de Investigación. Gracias por su orientación, dedicación y sabiduría, por el tiempo y compromiso de asesoramiento en el desarrollo de este trabajo. A los profesores del grupo de investigación de productos naturales de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia por cada uno de sus aportes. A mis compañeras de maestría por sus colaboraciones. A la Universidad Nacional de Colombia por recibirme en sus aulas y permitirme lograr esta meta. Resumen y Abstract IX Resumen Diferentes especies de la familia Myristicaceae han sido utilizadas con fines medicinales, nutricionales e industriales, mostrando así la importancia y potencial de la familia en diversos campos. -
Chec List What Survived from the PLANAFLORO Project
Check List 10(1): 33–45, 2014 © 2014 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution What survived from the PLANAFLORO Project: PECIES S Angiosperms of Rondônia State, Brazil OF 1* 2 ISTS L Samuel1 UniCarleialversity of Konstanz, and Narcísio Department C.of Biology, Bigio M842, PLZ 78457, Konstanz, Germany. [email protected] 2 Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Campus José Ribeiro Filho, BR 364, Km 9.5, CEP 76801-059. Porto Velho, RO, Brasil. * Corresponding author. E-mail: Abstract: The Rondônia Natural Resources Management Project (PLANAFLORO) was a strategic program developed in partnership between the Brazilian Government and The World Bank in 1992, with the purpose of stimulating the sustainable development and protection of the Amazon in the state of Rondônia. More than a decade after the PLANAFORO program concluded, the aim of the present work is to recover and share the information from the long-abandoned plant collections made during the project’s ecological-economic zoning phase. Most of the material analyzed was sterile, but the fertile voucher specimens recovered are listed here. The material examined represents 378 species in 234 genera and 76 families of angiosperms. Some 8 genera, 68 species, 3 subspecies and 1 variety are new records for Rondônia State. It is our intention that this information will stimulate future studies and contribute to a better understanding and more effective conservation of the plant diversity in the southwestern Amazon of Brazil. Introduction The PLANAFLORO Project funded botanical expeditions In early 1990, Brazilian Amazon was facing remarkably in different areas of the state to inventory arboreal plants high rates of forest conversion (Laurance et al. -
An Update on Ethnomedicines, Phytochemicals, Pharmacology, and Toxicity of the Myristicaceae Species
Received: 30 October 2020 Revised: 6 March 2021 Accepted: 9 March 2021 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7098 REVIEW Nutmegs and wild nutmegs: An update on ethnomedicines, phytochemicals, pharmacology, and toxicity of the Myristicaceae species Rubi Barman1,2 | Pranjit Kumar Bora1,2 | Jadumoni Saikia1 | Phirose Kemprai1,2 | Siddhartha Proteem Saikia1,2 | Saikat Haldar1,2 | Dipanwita Banik1,2 1Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Prized medicinal spice true nutmeg is obtained from Myristica fragrans Houtt. Rest spe- Science & Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, cies of the family Myristicaceae are known as wild nutmegs. Nutmegs and wild nutmegs India 2Academy of Scientific and Innovative are a rich reservoir of bioactive molecules and used in traditional medicines of Europe, Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Asia, Africa, America against madness, convulsion, cancer, skin infection, malaria, diar- Pradesh, India rhea, rheumatism, asthma, cough, cold, as stimulant, tonics, and psychotomimetic Correspondence agents. Nutmegs are cultivated around the tropics for high-value commercial spice, Dipanwita Banik, Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East used in global cuisine. A thorough literature survey of peer-reviewed publications, sci- Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, entific online databases, authentic webpages, and regulatory guidelines found major 785006, Assam, India. Email: [email protected] and phytochemicals namely, terpenes, fatty acids, phenylpropanoids, alkanes, lignans, flavo- [email protected] noids, coumarins, and indole alkaloids. Scientific names, synonyms were verified with Funding information www.theplantlist.org. Pharmacological evaluation of extracts and isolated biomarkers Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, showed cholinesterase inhibitory, anxiolytic, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, immu- Ministry of Science & Technology, Govt. -
A Molecular Taxonomic Treatment of the Neotropical Genera
An Intrageneric and Intraspecific Study of Morphological and Genetic Variation in the Neotropical Compsoneura and Virola (Myristicaceae) by Royce Allan David Steeves A Thesis Presented to The University of Guelph In partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Botany Guelph, Ontario, Canada © Royce Steeves, August, 2011 ABSTRACT AN INTRAGENERIC AND INTRASPECIFIC STUDY OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND GENETIC VARIATION IN THE NEOTROPICAL COMPSONEURA AND VIROLA (MYRISTICACEAE) Royce Allan David Steeves Advisor: University of Guelph, 2011 Dr. Steven G. Newmaster The Myristicaceae, or nutmeg family, consists of 21 genera and about 500 species of dioecious canopy to sub canopy trees that are distributed worldwide in tropical rainforests. The Myristicaceae are of considerable ecological and ethnobotanical significance as they are important food for many animals and are harvested by humans for timber, spices, dart/arrow poison, medicine, and a hallucinogenic snuff employed in medico-religious ceremonies. Despite the importance of the Myristicaceae throughout the wet tropics, our taxonomic knowledge of these trees is primarily based on the last revision of the five neotropical genera completed in 1937. The objective of this thesis was to perform a molecular and morphological study of the neotropical genera Compsoneura and Virola. To this end, I generated phylogenetic hypotheses, surveyed morphological and genetic diversity of focal species, and tested the ability of DNA barcodes to distinguish species of wild nutmegs. Morphological and molecular analyses of Compsoneura. indicate a deep divergence between two monophyletic clades corresponding to informal sections Hadrocarpa and Compsoneura. Although 23 loci were tested for DNA variability, only the trnH-psbA intergenic spacer contained enough variation to delimit 11 of 13 species sequenced. -
Frutos Da Floresta Amazônica. Parte I: Myristicaceae
FRUTOS DA FLORESTA AMAZÔNICA. PARTE I: MYRISTICACEAE Marc G. M. VAN ROOSMALEN1, Maria del Pilar Diaz BARDALES2, Olímpia Maria da Cruz Gomes GARCIA1 RESUMO — Descrições e desenhos de frutos e sementes das espécies da família Myristicaceae, na Amazônia legal, são apresentadas, juntamente com informações adicionais sobre o hábito, habitat, distribuição geográfica e dispersão de sementes de cada espécie. O presente trabalho consta de um glossário visualizado, dos termos botânicos amplamente utilizados. Palavras-chave: Amazônia; Myristicaceae; frutos; morfologia; ecologia; dispersão de sementes; glossário de inflorescências, folhas, e frutos. Fruits of the Amazonian Forest. Part I: Myristicaceae. ABSTRACT — Descriptions and line drawings of fruits and seeds from woody plants of the family Myristicaceae occuring in Amazon, and their habitat, distribution and seed dispersal. Including a visualised glossary of widely used botanical terms. Key words: Amazon; Myristicaceae; fruits; morphology; ecology; seed dispersal; glossary for inflorescences, leaves and fruits. INTRODUÇÃO preferido. O tipo de dispersão de sementes, no caso de zoocoria, quais animais nela Este é o primeiro de uma série de envolvidos. A predação de sementes e quais artigos onde pretende-se descrever e animais envolvidos. Características gerais visualisar os frutos de plantas lenhosas sobre folhas e inflorescências, foram ocorrentes na Amazônia. Estimamos que incluídas para auxiliar, quando necessário, na Amazônia legal encontra-se, no a identificação dos frutos. mínimo, 10.000 espécies de árvores, Em anexo, o trabalho consta de um arbustos, cipós e hemiepífitas, cinco glossário visualisado com os principais tipos vezes superior aquelas tratadas no livro de inflorescências, folhas (arranjos, margens, "Fruits of the Guianan Flora", publicado ápices, bases, superfícies, revestimentos e por Van Roosmalen em 1985. -
Myristicaceae
1762 TROPICAL FORESTS / Myristicaceae Burtt Davy J (1938) Classification of Tropical Woody importance. Fruit of the Myristicaceae, particularly Vegetation Types. Oxford, UK: Imperial Forestry In- the lipid-rich aril surrounding the seed in some stitute. species, are important as food for birds and mam- Champion HG and Seth SK (1968) Revised Survey of the mals of tropical forests. Numerous species are valued Forest Types of India. New Delhi, India: Manager of by humans as sources of food, medicine, narcotics, Publications, Government of India. and timber, including Myristica fragrans, the source Collins NM, Sagyer JA, and Whitmore TC (eds) (1991) of nutmeg and mace, the spices of commerce. The Conservation Atlas of Tropical Forests: Asia and Pacific. London: Macmillan. Throughout the geographical range of Myristica- Edward MV (1950) Burma Forest Types. Indian Forest ceae, aromatic leaves, often stellate pubescence, a Records (new series). Silviculture 7(2). Dehra Dun, India: unique arborescent architecture (Figure 1), and sap Forest Research Institute. the color of blood (Figure 2) are characteristics that Holmer CH (1958) The broad pattern of climate and strongly enhance recognition of this family in the vegetation distribution in Ceylon. In Proceedings of a field. Species of this family are usually dioecious. Symposium on Humid Tropics Vegetation, Kanly. Paris: Flowers are tiny and found in paniculate inflores- UNESCO. cences, with filaments of stamens fused into a IUCN (1988) The Red Data Book. Switzerland: IUCN. column, giving rise to either free or fused anthers Kurz S (1877) Forest Flora of British Burma, 2 vols. (Figures 3 and 4). Fruits are one-seeded, dehiscent or Calcutta, India: Bishen Singh, Dehra Dun. -
Perú: Medio Putumayo-Algodón Medio Perú: 28 No
Perú: Medio Putumayo-Algodón Medio Perú: 28 no. Perú: Medio Putumayo-Algodón Rapid Biological and Social Inventories THE FIELD MUSEUM INFORME/REPORT NO. 28 Perú: Medio Putumayo-Algodón Nigel Pitman, Adriana Bravo, Santiago Claramunt, Corine Vriesendorp, Diana Alvira Reyes, Ashwin Ravikumar, Álvaro del Campo, Douglas F. Stotz, Tyana Wachter, Sebastian Heilpern, Benjamín Rodríguez Grández, Ana Rosa Sáenz Rodríguez y/and Richard Chase Smith editores/editors Diciembre/December 2016 Instituciones Participantes/Participating Institutions The Field Museum Instituto del Bien Proyecto Especial Binacional Común (IBC) Desarrollo Integral de la Cuenca del Río Putumayo (PEDICP) Federación de Comunidades Fundación para la Herbario Amazonense de Nativas Fronterizas del Conservación y el Desarrollo la Universidad Nacional de la Putumayo (FECONAFROPU) Sostenible (FCDS) Amazonía Peruana (AMAZ) Museo de Historia Natural de Centro de Ornitología y la Universidad Nacional Mayor Biodiversidad (CORBIDI) de San Marcos (UNMSM) RI28_01-Spanish_d2(10).indd 1 12/8/16 9:25 AM LOS INFORMES DE INVENTARIOS RÁPIDOS SON PUBLICADOS POR/ Cualquiera de las opiniones expresadas en los informes de los Inventarios RAPID INVENTORIES REPORTS ARE PUBLISHED BY: Rápidos son expresamente las de los autores y no reflejan necesariamente las de The Field Museum. / Any opinions expressed in the Rapid Inventories THE FIELD MUSEUM reports are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of Science and Education The Field Museum. 1400 South Lake Shore Drive Esta publicación ha sido financiada en parte por The Gordon and Betty Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA Moore Foundation y The Field Museum./ This publication has been funded in T 312.665.7430, F 312.665.7433 part by The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and The Field Museum. -
Plano De Manejo Do Parque Nacional Do Viruâ
PLANO DE MANEJO DO PARQUE NACIONAL DO VIRU Boa Vista - RR Abril - 2014 PRESIDENTE DA REPÚBLICA Dilma Rousseff MINISTÉRIO DO MEIO AMBIENTE Izabella Teixeira - Ministra INSTITUTO CHICO MENDES DE CONSERVAÇÃO DA BIODIVERSIDADE - ICMBio Roberto Ricardo Vizentin - Presidente DIRETORIA DE CRIAÇÃO E MANEJO DE UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO - DIMAN Giovanna Palazzi - Diretora COORDENAÇÃO DE ELABORAÇÃO E REVISÃO DE PLANOS DE MANEJO Alexandre Lantelme Kirovsky CHEFE DO PARQUE NACIONAL DO VIRUÁ Antonio Lisboa ICMBIO 2014 PARQUE NACIONAL DO VIRU PLANO DE MANEJO CRÉDITOS TÉCNICOS E INSTITUCIONAIS INSTITUTO CHICO MENDES DE CONSERVAÇÃO DA BIODIVERSIDADE - ICMBio Diretoria de Criação e Manejo de Unidades de Conservação - DIMAN Giovanna Palazzi - Diretora EQUIPE TÉCNICA DO PLANO DE MANEJO DO PARQUE NACIONAL DO VIRUÁ Coordenaço Antonio Lisboa - Chefe do PN Viruá/ ICMBio - Msc. Geógrafo Beatriz de Aquino Ribeiro Lisboa - PN Viruá/ ICMBio - Bióloga Superviso Lílian Hangae - DIREP/ ICMBio - Geógrafa Luciana Costa Mota - Bióloga E uipe de Planejamento Antonio Lisboa - PN Viruá/ ICMBio - Msc. Geógrafo Beatriz de Aquino Ribeiro Lisboa - PN Viruá/ ICMBio - Bióloga Hudson Coimbra Felix - PN Viruá/ ICMBio - Gestor ambiental Renata Bocorny de Azevedo - PN Viruá/ ICMBio - Msc. Bióloga Thiago Orsi Laranjeiras - PN Viruá/ ICMBio - Msc. Biólogo Lílian Hangae - Supervisora - COMAN/ ICMBio - Geógrafa Ernesto Viveiros de Castro - CGEUP/ ICMBio - Msc. Biólogo Carlos Ernesto G. R. Schaefer - Consultor - PhD. Eng. Agrônomo Bruno Araújo Furtado de Mendonça - Colaborador/UFV - Dsc. Eng. Florestal Consultores e Colaboradores em reas Tem'ticas Hidrologia, Clima Carlos Ernesto G. R. Schaefer - PhD. Engenheiro Agrônomo (Consultor); Bruno Araújo Furtado de Mendonça - Dsc. Eng. Florestal (Colaborador UFV). Geologia, Geomorfologia Carlos Ernesto G. R. Schaefer - PhD. Engenheiro Agrônomo (Consultor); Bruno Araújo Furtado de Mendonça - Dsc. -
Facultad De Ciencias Forestales ESCUELA DE FORMACION
Facultad de Ciencias Forestales ESCUELA DE FORMACION PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERIA EN ECOLOGÍA DE BOSQUES TROPICALES TESIS “DIVERSIDAD DE ESPECIES DE LA FAMILIA MYRISTICACEAE EN DOS TIPOS DE BOSQUES, RESERVA NACIONAL ALLPAHUAYO-MISHANA, LORETO- PERÚ” Para optar el título de Ingeniero en Ecología de Bosques Tropicales Autor: CARLOS ENRIQUE MOGOLLÓN CALVO IQUITOS – PERÚ 2015 ii iii DEDICATORIA A Dios por brindarme fuerzas para culminar los estudios profesionales. A mi padre Guillermo Enrique y mi madre Esly María, por sus consejos además del apoyo incondicional de mi hermano Luis Enrique. A la memoria de todas aquellas personas que colaboran de una u otra forma con el desarrollo de la ciencia. A las plantas, porque sin ellas ¿Qué hubiese estudiado? iv AGRADECIMIENTO En primer lugar debo manifestar mi agradecimiento al Proyecto “Tropical forest tree especies community assemblage along wind disturbance gradients in Amazonian forests”, de la NASA; suscrito entre la FCF-UNAP y Tulane University. A las siguientes personas: A los docentes de la Facultad de Ciencias Forestales de la Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, en especial al Ing For., Fredy Ramírez Arévalo por su apoyo y orientación en el trabajo de tesis. Blgo. Ricardo Zárate, por su apoyo y orientación en los cálculos de diversidad del presente estudio. Ing. For. Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez y la Blgo. Rocío Del Pilar Rojas Gonzales, por el apoyo en el proceso de redacción de la tesis. A todas las demás personas que hicieron posible con su apoyo la toma de datos en campo. v CONTENIDO Pág. DEDICATORIA ....................................................................................................... II AGRADECIMIENTO ............................................................................................. IV LISTA DE FIGURAS ........................................................................................... VIII LISTA DE CUADROS .......................................................................................... -
Incidence of Extra-Floral Nectaries and Their Effect on the Growth and Survival of Lowland Tropical Rain Forest Trees
Incidence of Extra-Floral Nectaries and their Effect on the Growth and Survival of Lowland Tropical Rain Forest Trees Honors Research Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for graduation “with Honors Research Distinction in Evolution and Ecology” in the undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University by Andrew Muehleisen The Ohio State University May 2013 Project Advisor: Dr. Simon Queenborough, Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology Incidence of Extra-Floral Nectaries and their Effect on the Growth and Survival of Lowland Tropical Rain Forest Trees Andrew Muehleisen Evolution, Ecology & Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, OH 43210, USA Summary Mutualistic relationships between organisms have long captivated biologists, and extra-floral nectaries (EFNs), or nectar-producing glands, found on many plants are a good example. The nectar produced from these glands serves as food for ants which attack intruders that may threaten their free meal, preventing herbivory. However, relatively little is known about their impact on the long-term growth and survival of plants. To better understand the ecological significance of EFNs, I examined their incidence on lowland tropical rain forest trees in Yasuni National Park in Amazonian Ecuador. Of those 896 species that were observed in the field, EFNs were found on 96 species (11.2%), widely distributed between different angiosperm families. This rate of incidence is high but consistent with other locations in tropical regions. Furthermore, this study adds 13 new genera and 2 new families (Urticaceae and Caricaceae) to the list of taxa exhibiting EFNs. Using demographic data from a long-term forest dynamics plot at the same site, I compared the growth and survival rates of species that have EFNs with those that do not. -
202 IAWA Bulletin N.S., Vol. 8 (3),1987 MORPHOLOGY of the VESSEL
202 IAWA Bulletin n.s., Vol. 8 (3),1987 MORPHOLOGY OF THE VESSEL ELEMENTS IN THE SECONDARY XYLEM OF THE MYRISTICACEAE FROM BRAZILIAN AMAZONIA by Pedro L. B. Lisboa*, J. Cesar A. da Silva*, A. A. Loureiro**, and Gracielza M. dos A. dos Santos * Summary A morphological study of vessel elements foration plates in some genera, thus making his was carried out in species representing the five key somewhat confusing. genera of Myristicaceae present in the Brazilian In this study, we examined a large quantity Amazon region. The results show that perfora of wood specimens obtained from the five tion plates of the scalariform type predominate genera present in the region. Our objective was in Compsoneura, lryanthera and Otoba, wherc to document their full range of morphological as perforation plates of the simple type pre variability associated with vessel elements. Af dominate in Osteophloeum and Virola. The ter characterising these structures in each genus, phylogenetic and taxonomie implications of we consider the implications for the phylogeny these findings are discussed. and taxonomy of the regional genera as a Key words: Compsoneura, lryanthera, Osteu group. phloeum, Otoba, Virola, Vessel perforations. Material Introduction In Brazilian Amazonia, the species of Myris The family Myristicaceae, widely distributed ticaceae are distributed as folIows: Compsoneu in tropical regions, is represented in the Brazilian ra (5), lryanthera (19), Osteophloeum (I), Oto Amazon region by five genera (Compsoneura, ba (I) and Virola (29) (Rodrigues, 1978, 1981, Iryanthera, Osteophloeum, Otoba and Virola) 1982). Of the 55 species in the region, 41 were and 55 species. Smith and Wodehouse (1937), examined in this study. -
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Alvaro J. Duque M
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Alvaro J. Duque M. Introduction 1.1 INTRODUCTION Northwestern Amazonian forest conservation: a challenge for ecologists The actual deforestation rates in Amazonian rain forests are extremely high. The worst case scenario could lead to an almost total disappearance of the largest tropical forest mass that nowadays exists on the earth, in a relatively short time (Laurance et al. 2001). Patterns of rain forest plant diversity in northwestern (NW) Amazonia have particular importance as plant diversity in this area reaches exceptional high values per unit area (Gentry 1988a, Valencia et al. 1994, ter Steege et al. 2003). To guarantee an effective conservation planning, basic knowledge on the distribution of individual species and species assemblages is necessary. In spite of the fact that information concerning to plant communities has much increased in the last decade, most studies have focused on trees because they are the most conspicuous elements in the forests (Gentry 1988b, Duivenvoorden 1995, 1996, Pitman et al. 1999, 2001, ter Steege et al. 2000, Condit et al. 2002). However, it is well known that vascular plant diversity in tropical rain forests is also well represented by other growth forms, such as climbers, shrubs, epiphytes and herbs (Gentry and Dobson 1987, Duivenvoorden 1994, Balslev et al. 1998, Galeano et al. 1998). In addition to this lack of knowledge on non-tree growth forms, most studies have been based on different methodological approaches at individual species or community level, different sample designs, and different spatial scales, which hampers the comparisons and extrapolations among independent case studies. The Pleistocene and Miocene-Pliocene climate history has been considered as the cornerstone to understand the origin of the plant and animal biodiversity and biogeography in Amazonian rain forests (Haffer 1969, Colinvaux 1987, Van der Hammen and Absy 1994, Hooghiemstra and van der Hammen 1998).