Transgender Issues Through Transgender Character in Glee Tv Series

TRANSGENDER ISSUES THROUGH TRANSGENDER CHARACTER IN GLEE TV SERIES

A Thesis Submitted to Faculty of Adab and Humanities In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Strata One (S1)

FARA KURNIA PRAMESTI

11140260000057

ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF ADAB AND HUMANITIES

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH

JAKARTA

2019

ABSTRACT

Fara Kurnia Pramesti, Transgender Issues through Transgender Character in GLEE TV Series. A Thesis: English Letters Department, Faculty of Adab and Humanities, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2019.

This Research aims to know the representation of transgender issues of transgender character named Wade Adams from Glee TV series. This research explained Wade’s transgender issues that has been reflected from the show. The writer uses qualitative descriptive analysis method to reveal the findings. All data are collected from the scenes, action, and dialogues from eight episodes of Glee. The writer finds that Wade is a transwoman character who transforms himself from a man to be a woman. Wade is seen more confident by being a woman. He also often says that he is a black woman. Wade always embraces his femininity by wearing dress, high heels, wig, fancy jewelry and make-up. However, Wade faces few transgender issues such as self-identity which he identifies himself as a black woman and find a new name for himself which he wanted people called him “Unique”, violence, discrimination from institution that made him got banned from school play, discrimination in public facilities that make him cannot choose the right bathroom for him, and discrimination in environment which made him scared to walk on the street alone.

Keywords: Transgender, Transwoman, Transgender Issues, Glee

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the name of Allah, The Most Gracious and the Most Merciful

First of all, praise be to Allah SWT who as the creator of universe with depiction as the creative work of His hand. He has the ability and recourses to give many blessings and good fortunes but will never expect anything in return. Then, peace and blessing be upon to the prophet Muhammad SAW and all of his followers.

The writer would like to give her deepest and sincerest gratitude to her beloved parents, Buchori Muslim, and Maysuri, who always give her much loves, support and always pray for her and being there for her especially when she dropped down.

Another special thanks is also given to Ms. Maria Ulfa, M.Hum as the writer’s advisor for her great times, advices, and contribution in finishing this thesis. May Allah SWT always bless her and her family.

The writer also would like to convey her sincere gratitude particularly to:

1. Prof. Dr. SyukronKamil, M.A., the Dean of Adab and Humanities Faculty of State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.

2. Drs. Saefudin, M.Pd, as the Head of English Letters Department.

3. Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum, as the Secretary of English Letters Department.

4. All lectures in English Letters Department who have taught her and educated her during all her studies at the university which the writer cannot mention one by one.

5. The writer’s younger sister and cousin: Mutiara Ramadita and Nadira Ayu Ninggar for bringing happiness and joy into her life.

6. The writer’s classmates in Literature concentration class: Alyssa Ibrati, Angelina Dewi, Ario Bagus, Irvin Vizan, M. Nur Fadhli, Shabrina Farahiyah, and M. Wildan Mustofa.

7. Thanks to all of friends in the ExocticA class and English Letters Department class of 2014.

8. Thanks to all friends of KKN 3R

9. To all writer’s student at Bimbel Level One who always cheers the writer when she was exhausted especially to Avisha, Nasywa, Cemile, and Freziya. Also all the teachers in Bimbel Level One that cannot be mentioned one by one for all the supports.

10. Last, Thanks to all of the writer’s family and friends who cannot be mentioned one by one, who already give their support, attention, and care to the writer so the writer herself could finish this thesis.

In the end, I hope this research will be useful for the readers and I realize that this research is not perfect. Therefore, it is really a pleasure for me to receive some suggestions and critics to make this research better.

Jakarta, January 23rd, 2019

Fara Kurnia Pramesti

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT ...... i APPROVEMENT...... ii LEGALIZATION ...... iii DECLARATION ...... iv ACKNOWLEDMENT ...... v TABLE OF CONTENT ...... vii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

A. Background of Research ...... 1 B. Focus of Research ...... 5 C. Research Question ...... 5 D. Significant of Research ...... 5 E. Research Methodology ...... 6 1. The Objectives of Research ...... 6 2. The Method of Research ...... 6 3. Technique of Data Analysis ...... 7 4. Research Instrument ...... 8 5. Unit of Analysis ...... 8 6. Research Design ...... 9

CHAPTER II: THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK

A. Previous Research ...... 11 B. Character and Characterization ...... 16 1. Character 16 a. Stock Character and Stereotypes ...... 17 b. Static versus Dynamic or Developing Character ...... 17 c. Flat versus Round Character ...... 18 2. Characterization of Characters ...... 19 a. Characterization through Appearance ...... 19 b. Characterization through Dialogue ...... 20 vii c. Characterization through External Action ...... 20

d. Characterization through Internal Action ...... 21 e. Characterization through Reactions of Other ...... 22 f. Characterizations through Contrast: Dramatic Foils ...... 22 g. Characterization through Caricature and Leitmotif ...... 22 h. Characterization through Choice of Name ...... 23 C. Transgender ...... 23 1. Definition of Transgender ...... 23 2. Transgender Issues ...... 26 a. Discrimination in Public Facilities ...... 26 b. Discrimination in Employment ...... 27 c. Discrimination in Housing ...... 27 d. Discrimination in Institution ...... 27 e. Health 28 f. Violence 28 g. Inaccurate Identity Documents ...... 29 h. Marriage and Family ...... 30 i. Immigration 31

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH FINDINGS

A. Transgender Issues through Wade Adams Character ...... 32 1. Self-Identity ...... 32 2. Violence ...... 41 3. Discriminations in Institution ...... 43 4. Discriminations in Public Facilities ...... 47 5. Discriminations in Environment ...... 50

CHAPTER IV: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

A. Conclusions ...... 52 B. Suggestions ...... 53

WORKS CITED ...... 55

APPENDIX…...... 59

viii

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of Research

Transgender around the world are experiencing a unique moment in history.

Rising visibility, fighting the advocacy, and changing public opinion to provide transgender people to get legal protections than ever before (GLAAD 1). At the same time, many transgender people, particularly transgender women and transgender people of colour, still facing enormous barriers to their safety, health, and well-being.

The word of transgender itself is described as individuals whose sex at birth is different from who they know they are on the inside. At some point in their lives, many transgender people decide they must live their lives as the gender they have always known themselves to be, and transition to living as that gender (GLAAD 1).

There are two kinds of gender in transgender. First, gender identity in transgender is a person’s deeply-felt inner sense of being male, female, or something other or in-between. Second, gender expression that described as a person’s characteristic and behaviours such as appearance, dress, mannerisms and speech patterns that can be described as masculine or feminine (GLAAD 2). It must be note that gender identity and expression are independent of sexual orientation, and transgender people may identify as heterosexual, gay, lesbian, bisexual, or queer.

Transgender people experience discrimination because of their gender identity and gender expression and may also experience discrimination because of their sexual orientation or perceived sexual orientation. (GLAAD 2)

Transgender people has the same rights with the usual normal people. It can be said from the human rights that been declared by the Universal Declaration of Human

Rights proclaimed by the United Nations General assembly in Paris on December 10,

1948 (Streich 1) “everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this declaration without distinction of any kind such as race, color, sex, language, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status” (Streich 2).

But this human rights declaration is not working for transgender people because they are still facing a lot of issues through their gender identity.

Transgender have a lot of issues through it. They have been struggling with a lot of rules that may be not normal for them but normal for the usual people (Partner

2). Parenting, discriminations in public accommodations, discrimination in employment, discrimination is housing, discrimination in education, health, marriage and family, also their self-identity are parts in transgender issue (GLAAD 3). Above all, discrimination is the biggest problem that the transgenders had been through with especially in America (GLAAD 3).

Transgender have endured a long struggle for acceptance and equal rights in

America (Steward xii). In the late 19th century, the seeds of modern transgender liberation movement were planted in Germany and influenced early sexologist in the

United States. Eventually, this event led to the formation of the first transgender liberation organizations in the United States. They begin rapidly expanded after the

Stonewall Riots of 1969 in New York City. Now, there are transgender activist groups in virtually every corner of the North and South American continents (Steward 3). In

United States, there are no federal-level antidiscrimination statutes forbidding discriminations against transgender. Many states, cities, and local governments have implemented their own antidiscrimination statues protecting a limited range or rights.

For example, is Ohio (Steward 265).

Ohio is one of non-liberal state in the US that still not safe for transgender people to stand up their rights. According to Equaldex.com, Ohio changed their legality status about transgender in June 26th, 2015 with surgery required. Therefore, before

2015, there was no legality status for transgender people in Ohio and this thing have the same topic that will be analysed in this analysis.

Glee is a serial TV which took Ohio as its setting place and in this serial TV, there are many controversies about the characters and the crucial issues that become the main topics in the world nowadays. Glee is created by Ryan Murphy, Brad Falchuk, and Ian Brennan produced by 20th Century Fox Television. Aired from 2009 to 2015 with six seasons done. According to Fox.com, Glee is a musical comedy about a show choir group of ambitious and talented teenager from William McKinley High School to make their dreams come true. They come from Lima, Ohio and tried to make their dreams come true to New York and Los Angeles. What makes Glee is interesting to be

talked about that Glee is not only a TV series about high school teenagers who want to reach their dreams but Glee also has fundamental issues such as teen marriage, eating disorder, behaviour, teen suicide, self-identity, and mostly they put LGBT issues in their storylines. Glee has lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender character in their story and every character has their own problem but this analysis will be focusing on a character that has many problems in that story than the others.

The character that is analysed in this analysis is Wade Adams. Wade Adams is a transgender character in Glee. He played by Alex Newell who also a transgender in his real life. Wade Adams began his storyline from Glee season 3, episode Saturday

Night Glee-ver, the sixteenth episode from season 3. Wade made his debut storyline is first introduced as boy named "Wade Adams," Wade reveals he has a sassier and confident alter-ego named Unique, who turns out to be a female.

Second appearance of Wade Adams in this TV series was in the twenty first episode of season 3, Nationals. Before performing, Wade comments that he might have to transfer to a different school next year, implying he will transfer to William

McKinley High School. From his amazing performance, Wade wins the MVP-award since the judges were inspired by him.

In the next season of Glee which is season four. Wade is finally transfer school from Carmel High School to William McKinley High School. He stated that he wants to be in a place where differences are celebrated yet he does not get what he expected.

There are a lot of struggles that Wade has to face throughout the series.

Overall, there are 8 episodes of Glee that showed Wade’s character problem through the show. And these 8 episodes that is analysed for this analysis paper about

Wade character. But not only Wade’s character, this analysis is explained more issues about transgender especially about transgender discrimination.

B. Focus of Research

The focus of the research is to analyse Wade’s transgender issues that represented from the show. To point out some issues that the show represented through his character. Also in order to promoting transgender rights.

C. Research Question

Based on the background of study and the focus of the research, found two research questions:

1. How does Glee represent transgender issues through Wade Adams character?

D. Significant of Research

The significant of this research is to provide knowledge to the readers about how a TV show defined a crucial issue like transgender issue. Glee is one of the most famous TV series among teenager and families in America even all around the world.

Glee is interesting to be discuss because it has a lot of message behind its show. In this case, the writer is going to analyse one of major character in Glee, Wade ‘Unique’

Adams who is a transgender character.

Wade Adams is analysed because he is a transgender character that showed up a lot of struggle in Glee. As we know that, LGBT is become one of the most trending topic around the world.

In addition, hoping that this research can be uses as one of the reference for understanding about transgender issue in literary studies especially through TV series.

In another words, it can be said that this TV series which is also for teenager can be used for another new literary studies in another topics.

E. Research Methodology

This research methodology includes important aspects, such as the method, data analysis, and research instrument, and unit analysis.

1. The Objectives of Research

There is one point of the objectives of this research:

I. To know all the transgender issues that represent by Wade Adams from the show and how it is related to transgender issues.

2. The Methods of Research

Related to the research question and the objectives of the research, the anaysis is going to use qualitative method with descriptive analysis. According to Somantri qualitative method is a research method study that relies on the data verba and numeric others as a base of analysis and how the problem solving was to be examined (58).

There are five types of qualitative research methods that are widely used. There are observation, dialog analysis, discourse analysis, content analysis, and data retrieval.

(Somantri 59). Different with quantitative methods, qualitative methods does not need any statistics analysis because the result will be descriptive, it also has to be analysed based on the methods, theories or relevant approaches (Somantri 60). In conclusion, the method of qualitative is used for explaining, describing, and analysing the elements of the TV series. The data are collected, described, analyzed by using the theory of and additional sources.

3. Technique of Data Analysis

The technique of analysis in this paper is the first by watching the whole episodes from Glee TV series. The second step is marking the episode which Wade included carefully and repeatedly then identify the data about Wade’s dialogue, scene, and actions that related to the transgender character. The third is applying the data to queer theory to analyse the data. The fourth is explaining the data such as dialogues and pictures from the series by using descriptive analytical method to explain the transgender issues from the show.

4. Research Instrument

The instrument of the research is I myself by watching the 8 episodes that already mentioned before, capturing the picture as analysis evidence and marking all

information related to the research problem like marking the scene and dialogue. Also find issues about transgender from online journal in United States.

5. Unit of Analysis

The unit of analysis of the research is serial TV Glee from season 3 until season

6 with 9 episodes such as: Saturday Night Glee-ver, Nationals, The New Rachel Berry,

The Role You Were Born to Play, Glease, Feud, Sweet Dreams, and The End of Twerk.

Glee is An American TV series aired from 2009 to 2015 with six seasons produced by

20th Century Fox Television and written by Ryan Murphy, Brad Falchuk, and Ian

Brennan.

The first episode is Saturday Night Glee-ver, from 43:18 overall, the scene about Wade Adams only can be seen in 6 minutes, which is from 05:03-07:05 and

29:40-33:00. The second episode is Nationals from 43:16, the scene about Wade

Adams only can be seen in 7 minutes, which is from 18:51-25:16. The third episode will be The New Rachel Berry from 43:21 overall, the scene about Wade Adams and his transgender issues only can be seen in 4 minutes, which is from 07:40-10:58, 13:09-

13:29, 27:36-27:45, and 38:25-38:40. The fourth episode is The Role You Were Born to Play from 43:21, the scene about Wade Adams and his transgender issues can be seen in 7 minutes, which is from 11:20-13:25, 26:57-29:00, and 34:41-36:02. The fifth episode is Glease from 43:21, the scene about Wade Adams and his transgender issues only can be seen in 1 minutes, which is from 18:27-19:30.

The sixth episode is Feud from 43:20, the scene about Wade Adams and his transgender issues only can be seen in 5 minutes, which is from 08:05-08:32, 14:53-

17:47, and 35:32-36:10. The seventh episode is Sweet Dreams from 43:21 seconds, the scene about Wade Adams and his transgender issues only can be seen in 23 seconds which from 06:23-06:46. The eighth episode is The End of Twerk, from 43:32 seconds, the scene about Wade Adams and his transgender issues can be seen in 11 minutes, which is from 17:08-18:36, 17:53-22:10, 24:12-24:48, 32:02-34:02, 34:32-35:22, and

38:52-39:45.

6. Research Design

This research consists of four chapters. Chapter I is the introduction started with

Background of Research, Research Question, Significant of Research and ended with the Methodology of Research that divided into six parts such as the Objectives of

Research, the Method of Research, the Instrument of Research, the Unit Analysis, the

Technique of Data Analysis, and Research Design. All of them are to reinforce the problem found, as well as provide the introduction of the problems.

Chapter II entitled Theoretical Framework. It consists of Previous Research and the concept of the previous research. The previous research aims to the writer to know whether this research is a new research or just continue the previous researchers also how the research and the previous research is different. In this chapter, also consists of the definition of transgender also kinds of transgender issues that happen lately.

Chapter III entitled Research Findings. It consists of the analysis of transgender issues from Glee. Such as picturing all the transgender issues that happens through

Wade Adams from the show.

Chapter IV is consist of conclusions and suggestions which contain the conclusions of the analysis about transgender character that represents from the show also the conclusions of transgender issues that happen through the transgender character. Then, the suggestions for those who want to research about Glee TV series or Wade Adams character with other theories and perspective.

CHAPTER II

THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK

This chapter explains the previous researches and the theories that are used to analyze the character, Wade Adams, and his transgender issues. This research uses character and characterization theory in film by Joseph M. Boggs and Dennis W. Petrie to describe and explain the character. Furthermore, to explain more about transgender definitions and transgender issues.

A. Previous Research

This part explains the previous researches related to the use gender studies in some researches of Glee with similar topic as the examples with using similar theory.

However, it is not found any previous research about Wade Adams character, yet it is found some previous research about Glee and gender studies.

The first research was conducted by Danya Espinosa (2010) with the title

“Gender Roles in The Media and Debunking Society’s Stereotypes: Glee as a Pop-

Cluture Reflection” from Winona State University. The analysis focuses on how gender stereotyping in media to enhance a character traits and create humorous situations. The aim of study is to show how Glee defined gender stereotypical in many ways such as popular culture, embracing femininity, battle of sexes, stereotypical image of the character, and problematic relationship. The analysis is using the theory

of gender as a lens for critical analysis and therapy. The conclusions show that Glee clearly portrays gender stereotype and many of those stereotypes addressed on the show. In Glee, gender stereotypes coincide with society’s expectations. Men are presented as tough and emotionless while females are portrayed as influential and emotional. However, there are few exceptions to stereotypical behaviour and image, the majority of characters fits the molds.

The next research was conducted by Ni Made Widisanti Swetasurya (2013) with the title “Representasi Homoseksual Dalam Serial TV Remaja Amerika GLEE

(Homosexual Representation in America’s Teenager TV Series GLEE)” from

University of Indonesia. This analysis focuses on Kurt Hummel, the main and first open-up gay character on Glee how Kurt’s homosexuality represented on Glee and how the society react to his sexuality. The aim of the study is to see how the society treats

Kurt character through his sexuality as open-gay student at his school like how he gets bullied because the most of the society thinks that he is such a loser by being a gay.

This analysis is using queer theory by Foucault and gender concept by Connell. The conclusions show that Homosexual youth are represented as the most oppressed by the system power in the school environment. This may be due to homosexuality being assessed as the most controversial issue compared to other issues, so that sexuality seen more highlighted. Yet, Glee presents a representation of violence from another angle, namely that violence against homosexual teenagers is not only done by homophobic heterosexual teenagers, but can also be done by homosexuals who are in the 'denial'

phase, in example of what Dave Karofsky did to Kurt in the aim to hide Dave’s homosexuality.

The next research is a journal article by Jenna Guitar (2015) with the title “Glee

Goes Gaga: Queering Concepts of High School Identity Formation” published by

Sense Publishers titled Glee and New Directions for Social Change. This analysis focused on one of the glee club weekly assignment where they have to utilize theatrical song and dance number as a means in which to articulate their identity from one episode titled Theatricality. The aim of this analysis to show how Glee represents a resistance to heteronormative ideals of static identity theory and instead proposes the use of performance, theatricality and camp as ways to promote theories of fluid identity. This analysis is using queer theory by Judith Butler. The conclusions of this analysis shows that Glee uses multiple angles to destabilize the world of identity. Judith Butler at the end of her book calls for other means in which to destabilize the hierarchical domination of identity politics and Glee does just this by utilizing a vast array of tools such as performance, camp, and theatricality. Glee provides a model which configures identity and gender on a more fluid spectrum, while showcasing the logical fallacies inherent in the old stagnant model of identity politics.

The other research is also a journal article conducted by Gene Kelly (2015) with the title “Kurt and Blaine: New Sexual Scripts for Gay Youth” published by Sense

Publishers titled Glee and New Directions for Social Change. This analysis focused on

Kurt Hummel and Blaine Anderson relationship. Kurt and Blaine are two open-up gay

characters in Glee who also fall in love to each other and dating each other. The aim of this analysis is to see how homosexuality relationship is portrayal in media such as serial TV by seeing Kurt and Blaine’s relationship through Glee TV show. This analysis is using queer theory by Judith Butler. The conclusion of this analysis found that Glee portrayed homosexual couple relationship very carefully yet not much different with the heterosexual couple relationship in example about having sex for the first time, it should not be when the person is drunk but when the person is sober and it has to be special. The presence of young gay couple struggling with the same questions and issues that their heterosexual counterparts do is refreshing. The fact that the show discusses these same gay men as having a sexual identity helps place a holistic sense of self in the mainstream.

The last previous research is a journal article by Kathryn Hobson (2015) with the title “Sue Sylvester, Coach Beiste, and Santana Lopez: Exploring Queer

Representations of Femininity on Glee” published by Sense Publisher titled Glee and

New Directions for Social Change. This analysis is focused on three major characters on Glee, Sue Sylvester, a cheerleading coach who is also a single mother. Then, coach

Beiste, a masculine woman who is a football coach. And Santana Lopez, the first lesbian character on Glee. This analysis aim on define a new sense of culture and identity around diverse representations of femininity, where queerness is based on challenging normative assumptions of gender identity and not necessarily sexual norms. This analysis is using queer theory by Judith Butler. The conclusion of this

research is Glee can be said as one place where we are provided with multiple models of femininity. These three characters diverse representations of queer femininity in different ways by looking at Sue’s defiance of gender expectations for wives and mothers, Coach Beiste’s challenge to traditional beauty norms, and Santana’s sexualized queer femininity. It is showed that each of one these characters embodies a different style of feminity, which is important for broadening the ideas and understandings about gender and sexual differences, pushing back against narrowly defined roles and standards for women, and ultimately potential places of agency.

The related studies above are some examples of researches on Glee with similar topic that is about gender by using queer theory. The similarities of this research and the related studies above are how gender and LGBT character is pictured from the show that also can be applying to gender studies.

However, this research is different from the previous researches above. This research is focus in the terms of level of the queer theory and transgender studies which no one of the previous research above mentioned. This study focuses on how the character dealing with the transgender issues based from the show.

To conclude, this research is aiming to give a research that describe about a transgender character struggling and battling to deal with the transgender issues that happen from the show. Also, to know more about how queer theory connected to the transgender issues.

B. Character and Characterization

To understand and explain what are character and characterization, the following discussion will explain the theory of character and characterization.

1. Character

According to Gordon and Kuehner, character is someone that he or she has a strange or eccentric personality. Someone has character if it is implies his or her moral uprightness. Meanwhile, as a literary term, a character is a person created for a work of fiction (95). Character in fiction can be classified as major and minor character.

A major character is an important person at the centre or main of the story’s action or theme. Usually, a character’s status as a major or minor is clear. However, not only one character that can dominated the story but it can be two or more (DiYanni

54). Major character is often called protagonist whose conflict with the antagonist character, this thing may spark the story’s conflict (Gordon and Kuehner 96).

Minor characters are mostly static, they remain same from the beginning of a work to the end. Dynamic character is a character with a lot of change of attitude, of purpose, of behaviour as the story progress (DiYanni 54-55). Minor character’s degree of importance depends on their function. For instance, one minor character often appears in television programs. In the television programs, the protagonist has a partner or one or two friends and their conversation enable the audience to discover what the protagonist is thinking or planning. Meanwhile, this is kind of minor character often

known as foil, typically contrast physically and/or in personality with the main character. The contrast itself serves to emphasize the protagonist’s characteristics.

Sometimes the foil provides comic relief. The foil is often but not necessarily a flat character (Gordon and Kuehner 96-97).

In analysing film characterization needs to utilizes three different types of pairings such as stock characters and stereotypes, static versus dynamic characters, and flat versus round characters (Boggs and Petrie 67). a. Stock Character and Stereotypes

Stock characters are minor characters whose actions are completely predictable or typical of their job or profession. They are in the film simply because the situation demands their presence. Meanwhile, stereotypes are characters somewhat greater importance to the film. They fit into preconceived patterns of behaviour common to or representative of a large number of people, at least a large number of fictional people.

In example of stereotypes are rich playboy, the western hero’s sidekick, the pompous banker, and the unmarried aunt (Boggs and Petrie 68). b. Static Versus Dynamic or Developing Characters

Static and dynamic character is often to useful to determine whether the most important characters in a film. Developing characters are deeply affected by the action of the plot and undergo some important change in personality, attitude, or outlook on life as a result of the action of the story. The change they undergo is an important, permanent

one, not just a whimsical shift in attitude that will change back again tomorrow. The change can be any type but is significant to the total makeup of the individual undergoing the change. Dynamic characters become sadder, wiser or happier and more self-confident. They might gain some awareness of life, become more mature or more responsible, or become more moral or less so. They may become simply more aware and knowing and less innocent or naïve (Boggs and Petrie 68-69).

Static characters remain essentially the same throughout the film. The action does not have an important effect of their lives or they are insensitive to the meaning of the action and thus are not capable of growth or change (Boggs and Petrie 69). c. Flat Versus Round Characters

Flat characters are two-dimensional predictable characters who lack the complexity and unique qualities associated with psychological depth. The often tend to be representative character types than real flesh-and-blood human beings. However, round character are three-dimensional characters who are unique, individualistic character who also have some degree of complexity and ambiguity and who cannot easily be categorized (Boggs and Petrie 70).

Round characters are not inherently superior to flat characters. The terms merely imply how different characters function within the framework of a story. In fact, flat characters may function better than round characters when attention needs to

be directed away from personalities and toward the meaning of the actions (Boggs and

Petrie 71).

2. Characterization of Characters

Characterization is defined by which writers present and reveal the characters

(DiYanni 55). Characterization also can be defined as what the character do, say, or others say about them and setting in which they move. In process of creating characters in fiction it must have some action. Some authors are different in defining their character through characterizations (Carl 746).

Characterization can get into some variety aspects of character. For instance, if we are not interested in a film’s most human elements, there is little chance that we will be interested in the film as a whole. To be interesting, characters must seem real, understandable, and worth caring about. For the most part, the characters in a story are believable in the same way that the story is believable. If characters are truly credible, it is almost impossible to remain completely neutral towards them. We must respond to them in some way. We may admire them for their deeds and their nobility or pity them for their failures (Boggs and Petrie 60). a. Characterization through Appearance

Characterization in film has a great to do with casting. A major aspect of film characterization is revealed visually and instantaneously. However, some actors may be versatile enough to project completely different qualities in different roles, but most

actors are not. The more minute we see most actors on the screen, we make certain assumptions about them because of their facial features, dress, physical build, and mannerisms and the way they move. Our visual impression may be proven erroneous as the story progresses but it is certainly an important means of establishing the character (Boggs and Petrie 60-61) b. Characterization through Dialogue

Character in a fictional film reveal a great deal about themselves by what they say but better thing is also revealed by how they say it. Their true thoughts, attitudes, and emotions can be revealed in subtle ways through word choice and through the stress, pitch, and pause patterns of their speech. Actors use of grammar, sentence structure, vocabulary, and particular dialects revals a great deal about their characters social and economic level, educational background, and mental processes. Therefore, we must develop a keen ear, attuned to the faintest and most subtle nuances of meaning revealed through the human voice. Listening carefully not only to what is said but also how it is said (Boggs and Petrie 61-62). c. Characterization through External Action

The best reflections of character are a person’s actions. It must be assumed that real characters are more than mere instrument of the plot, that they do what they do for a purpose, out of motives that are consistent with their overall personality. Though,

there should be a clear relationship between a character and his or her actions, the actions should grow naturally out of the character’s personality (Boggs and Petrie 62).

Some actions are more important in revealing characters than others. Even the most ordinary choice can be revealing for some kind of choice is involved in almost everything we do. The most effective characterization is achieved not by the large actions in the film but by the small, seemingly significant ones (Boggs and Petrie 62). d. Characterization through Internal Actions

Inner actions occurs within character’s minds and emotions and consist of secret, unspoken thoughts, daydreams, aspirations, memories, fears, and fantasies.

People’s hopes, dreams, and aspirations can be as important to an understanding of their character as any real achievement, and their fears and insecurities can be more terrible to them than any real catastrophic failure. The most obvious way in which the filmmaker reveals inner reality is by taking us visually or aurally into the character’s mind so that we see our hear the things that the character imagines, remembers, or thinks about. This may be achieved through a sustained view or through fleeting glimpses revealed by means of metaphors. In addition to providing glimpses into the inner action by revealing the sounds and sights the character imagines he sees and hears, the filmmaker may employ tight close-ups on an unusually sensitive and expressive face (Boggs and Petrie 63-64).

e. Characterization through Reactions of Other Characters

The way other characters view a person often serves as an excellent means of characterization. Sometimes, a great deal of information about a character is already provided through such means before the character first appears on the screen (Boggs and Petrie 64). f. Characterizations through Contrast: Dramatic Foils

One of the most effective techniques of characterizations is the use of foils by contrasting characters whose behavior, attitudes, opinions, lifestyle, physical appearance are the opposite of main characters. The effect is similar to that achieved by putting black and white together. The black appears blacker and white appears whiter. The tallest giant and the tiniest midget might be placed side by side at the carnival sideshow and the filmmaker sometimes uses characters in much the same way

(Boggs and Petrie 64). g. Characterization through Caricature and Leitmotif

In order to etch a character quickly and deeply in our minds and memories, actors often exaggerate or sidtort one or more dominant features or personality traits.

This thing is called caricature, or from the technique used in cartooning (Boggs and

Petrie 65).

Leitmotif is the repetition of a single action, phrase, or idea by a character until it becomes almost trademark or theme song for that character. Because it essentially

exaggerates and emphasizes, such a device acts very much like caricature (Boggs and

Petrie 66). h. Characterization through Choice of Name

One important method of characterization is the use of names possessing appropriate qualities of sound, meaning, or connotation. This techniques is known as name typing. A screenwriter usually thinks out his character name very carefully because a great deal of thought goes into the choice of names, they should be not taken for granted but should be carefully examined for the connotations they communicate

(Boggs 66-67).

D. Transgender

In this part, it explains about transgender issues, and the definition of transgender.

1. Definition of Transgender

The word “transgender” describes individuals whose sex at birth is different from who they know they are on the inside. At the some point in their lives, many transgender people decide they must live their lives as the gender they have always known themselves to be and transition to living as that gender (Partner 1).

Transgender can be defined as the breaking gender roles and gender identity going across the boundaries of gender to another gender (Nagoshi 432). Transgender

typically express gender identities outside the traditional heteronormative definitions, but may have little or no intention of having sex-reassignment surgeries or hormones treatments. Transsexual individuals can be either pretransition or operative, transitioning in the process of hormonal and surgical sex reassignment or postransition or operative (Nagoshi 432).

There are two kinds of transgender. First is gender identity that known as a person’s deeply-felt inner sense of being male, female, or something other or in- between. Second is gender expression, is a person’s characteristics and behaviour such as appearance, dress, mannerisms. And speech patterns that can be described as masculine or feminine. Gender identity and gender expression are independent of sexual orientation. Transgender people may identify as heterosexual, gay, lesbian, bisexual or even queer (Partner 2).

Transgender differ widely in their degree of belief in the fluidity of gender identity. Some accept such fluidity only to extent that one can switch between two other wise separate, essentialist, and pure gender categories, whereas the others believe that an embodied gender identity is still highly malleable. The concern that transsexual voice may be silenced or ultimately erased under the umbrella of transgender.

Meanwhile, transsexual is defined as innate and biological, not chosen, therefore deserving of both social and legal recognitions. In other words, transgender is thought of as learned, freely chosen, and socially determined, therefore not deserving of legal recognition (Nagoshi 432).

Transgender is closely related to the more-recent term, genderqueer which is self-applied by persons who have no gender neither male or female gender, or fluctuating gender. The notion of transgender presupposes fundamental distinctions between the concepts of sex, gender, and sexual orientation. Sex is a biological category. Gender refers to the set of traits and behaviours that are traditionally associated with a particular sex. A person who is transgender experiences and expresses a disjunction between sex and gender. It is a widespread but mistaken assumption that transgender persons are necessarily homosexual. Although, some are homosexual and others are heterosexual or bisexual or do not identify with any particular sexual orientation (Tauches, Kimberly).

The main theories of transgender are essentialism, social constructionism, and performativity. Essentialists place emphasis on biological characteristics, arguing that a person’s gender identify is fixed at birth, whether or not it corresponds to biological sex. Essentialism is thus opposed to the view that gender identify is entirely sociality constructed. Through essentialist, the person who report having always felt that they belonged to the sex opposite the one that they were assigned at birth. Meanwhile, social construction is the view that gender is socially constructed. This the fact that the traits and behaviours traditionally associated with the male or female sex have varied over time and across cultures, which would not be the case if gender were innate. The one concerns the supposed biological origin of gender identity (one’s self-identification as male or female), the other supposed social or societal origin of gender (masculine or

feminine). It is entirely possible that the former is innate and the latter largely, if not entirely, learned, in the broad sense of being instilled (Tauches, Kimberly).

American philosopher, Judith Butler argues that social constructivists is not biologically given but rather pronounced by medical professionals whose role it is to place infants into one or the other category at birth. An extension of social constructivism is the performative theory or performativity which holds that gender is a performance that people undertake on a daily basis, even if only unconsciously

(Butler 11).

2. Transgender Issues

Even though it can be said that there are a lot of transgender communities in this year but that does not mean transgender people stop facing problem. This part explains the barriers to equality facing transgender people because of their gender identity and expression, as well as the impact of these barriers on transgender people’s health, safety, and economic security. a. Discrimination in Public Facilities

In a 2014 study conducted in Massachusetts, 65% of transgender people reported experiencing discrimination in a place of public facilities in the past 12 months. The study revealed that bathrooms in restaurants, libraries, cinemas, shopping malls, airports, and other public places were also locations of frequent, sometimes serious harassment and abuse of transgender people. Transgender people who reported

discrimination in public accommodations often had increased physical and emotional health problems as a result. The study found that discrimination caused transgender people to postpone health care, while simultaneously increasing negative health outcomes (Partner 2). b. Discrimination in Employment

Transgender people experience pervasive discrimination at work. Between 13% and 47% of transgender workers report being unfairly denied a job and 78% report being harassed, mistreated or discriminated against at work (Partner 2). c. Discrimination in Housing

One in five transgender people or 19% in the United States have been refused a home or apartment and more than one in ten or 11% have been evicted because of their gender identity. Homelessness is acritical issue for transgender people, with one in five having experienced homelessness at some time in their lives because of discrimination and family rejection. Unfortunately, transgender people facing homelessness also face discrimination from agencies that should be helping them with nearly one in three or 12% reported being turned away from a shelter due to their transgender status (Partner 3). d. Discrimination in Institution

Schools are difficult place for transgender students as they regularly face discriminations, bullying, and harassment in elementary, secondary, and in post-

secondary institutions. In one survey 40% of gender non confirming youth reported being frequent verbal harassment and name calling. In another survey 33% of all students reported frequently hearing anti-transgender slurs. The same study found that levels of physical and verbal harassment were very high among surveyed students. This harassment, bullying, and discrimination have a cumulative negative eﬀect on education and achievement for transgender students who are bullied and face discrimination because of their gender expression are more likely to miss school, have lower GPAs, not plan to attend post-secondary education, and have higher levels of depression and lower self-esteem (Partner 3). e. Health

Transgender people report low insurance rates and shockingly high rates of negative health outcomes. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) has decreased the number of transgender people without insurance and has also prohibited plans sold in state and federal health insurance marketplaces from discriminating against enrolees on the basis of gender identity. Nine states and DC have adopted rules requiring insurance plans to eliminate transgender-specific exclusions and in 2014, the Department of Health and

Human Services ended Medicare’s ban on coverage for transgender specific care. But deep disparities remain, including lower rates of coverage and continued exclusions of medically necessary transition-related care in plans run by private employers and many public plans, including many state Medicaid plans and the Veteran Health

Administration (Partner 6).

f. Violence

According to the 2013 LGBTQ Hate Violence Report from the National

Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs, transgender people were significantly more likely to experience threats, intimidation, harassment, discrimination, and sexual violence than non-transgender LGB people. Transgender women and transgender people of color are much more vulnerable to violence, especially at the hands of law enforcement. Transgender women were four times more likely to experience police violence and six time more likely to experience physical violence when interacting with the police. Transgender people of colour were more than two and a half times more likely to experience police violence and six times more likely to experience physical violence from the police (Partner 8). g. Inaccurate Identity Documents

Official identity documents such as driver’s license, birth certificates, and passport that do not match a transgender person’s gender identity greatly complicate that person’s life. Non-matching identification can obstruct employment and travel, as well as expose transgender people to harassment, violence, refusal of service, job loss and other problems. Only 21% of transgender people who have transitioned to living in accordance with their gender identity have been able to update and official records with the correct gender. Only 59% had been able to update their gender on their driver’s license or state ID; 49% had updated their Social Security record; 26% their passport; and just 24% their birth certifcate.53 The survey results also confirmed what most

transgender people already knew—that when the gender marker on an ID does not match the way a person dresses and lives their life, it exposes people to a range of negative outcomes, from denial of employment, housing, and public benefits to harassment and physical violence (Partner 9). h. Marriage and Family

Transgender people can be heterosexual, gay, lesbian, or bisexual but regardless of their sexual orientation, they can often face myriad obstacles when it comes to marriage and parenting. For example, a transgender man who wants to marry a woman may still be seen as part of a same-sex couple and denied a marriage license in some states that deny marriage to same-sex couples. This is why states should extend marriage same-sex couples and should recognize transgender people’s marriage as legal regardless of whether one partner transitioned before or during the marriage.

States should not use gender identity or sexual orientation as grounds for denying child support, custody or visitations rights (Partner 10).

In other family related challenges, transgender youth can face a lack of support from their parents, often devastating consequences such as dramatically increased rates of homelessness and attempted suicide. Some families subject children to harmful conversion therapy to attempt to change a youth’s gender identity. Family acceptance is crucial to the health and well-being of LGBT youth; positive acceptance and understanding can lower risks for negative outcomes. Unfortunately, one report found that only 43% of responding gender nonconforming youth reported having an adult in

their family they could turn to and only 27% reported that their families were very accepting of LGBT people in general (Partner 10). i. Immigration

Transgender immigrants face many barriers to safety and economic security.

Many transgender immigrants fled dangerous conditions in countries where being transgender is a crime or where violence against transgender people is widespread and ignored or perpetrated by the government. Transgender immigrants are especially vulnerable to sexual assault and other forms of abuse. This is a reason why the congress should pass comprehensive immigration reform to provide a path to legal status for those already living in the United States (Partner 11).

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH FINDINGS

A. Transgender Issues through Wade Character

Wade “Unique” Adams is a transwoman character that appeared on the show,

Glee. At his first appearance, he did not say that he is a transwoman, he just said that he can be more confident on stage as being a woman, wearing dress, high heels, and wig. But later on, he stated that he is a transwoman, from the way he identifies himself and doing transwoman tradition to drink birth control pills in order to grow up his breast to become like a woman.

There are several transgender issue that Wade facing throughout the show such as self-identity, violence, discriminations in institution, discrimination in public facilities, and discrimination in environment.

1. Self-Identity

At the first of Wade appearance on the show in the season 3 episode 16,

Saturday Night Glee-ver, Wade introduced himself as Wade Adams, a singer from show choir group called Vocal Adrenaline from Carmel High School in Akron, Ohio.

Wade came along to William McKinley High School in Lima, Ohio to meet Mercedes

Jones and Kurt Hummel. From their conversation, he said to Mercedes and Kurt that

he had alter ego that he named “Unique” and that alter-ego was identified as a woman which made him feel more comfortable about himself especially when he had to perform onstage.

Wade : Kurt Hummel? Mercedes Jones? I'm sorry to interrupt, but I'm your biggest fan. I've been to every last one of your performances, except West Side Story. I boycotted that one because you two weren't Tony and Maria. Kurt : Why, hello, kind sir. I don't believe I caught your name. Wade : Wade Adams. I go to Carmel High. And I'm in Vocal Adrenaline, and I know we're supposed to be archenemies, but I swear, I'm not here to spy. I want to ask your advice about something. Our coach is Jessie St. James (flashback to Vocal Adrenaline rehearsal) Mercedes : God, he's awful. Wade : He's nothing compared to the kids at school or my parents. Do you know how I get through it? Ever since I was a kid, I would play this game where I'd pretend I was a different person, the person that I dreamed of being the real me. I even have a different name: "Unique”. (imagining scene Unique walks down in the hallways with sassy clothes and attitude). Kurt : Unique sounds like a really great person. I hope that, one day, you can build up enough courage to be him. Wade : Actually, Unique's a "her" That's why I want your advice. Our regionals are this Saturday, and I want to go on stage wearing a dress and heels. Because that's who I feel like I am inside. Kurt : Unique. Wade : Yes. What would you do? (05:05-07:05, S3:E16) At this scene Wade was seen wearing usual boy clothes like jeans, shirt, and a vest. He did not wear any make up nor wig on his head.

Picture 1 (05:08, S3:E16)

Wade wearing boy clothes

The scene where Wade told Mercedes and Kurt about his alter-ego left them in confusion but it can be concluded that Mercedes and Kurt decided to tell Wade to not perform on stage as drag by the scene when they were talking with Coach Sue. Coach

Sue asked Mercedes and Kurt to convince Wade to perform at regionals wearing high heels and dress so Vocal Adrenaline will lose from the competition.

Coach Sue : I am already pushing the very limits of physics by joining forces with Will Schuester. And you repay my help by giving tips to the enemy? Mercedes : Oh, no, that's not what happened at all. Kurt : Wade was asking us for advice, because he wants to wear a dress and perform at Regionals as his alter ego Unique, an-and we didn't think it was a very good idea. Coach Sue : It's not a good idea. It's a great idea. Mercedes : But Coach Sylvester, this is Ohio. I don't think many people are gonna be down with that. Coach Sue : Exactly. He'll tank them at Regionals. And then New Directions will coast to a win at Nationals. I happen to have a pair of 13 wides right here (shows them a pair of shiny sparkling high heels) Kurt : Where did you get those?

Coach Sue : They were autographed by my good friend Janet Reno. And she wore them on the day they caught the Unabomber. Deliver these unto Unique. Get him to cram his hamhocks into these platoons at Regionals, and we'll be well on our way to a National Championship. (17:35-18:28 S3:E16) From that scene, we can conclude that Mercedes and Kurt already decided to tell Wade to not perform at regionals wearing dress and high heels. However, in the next scene it can be seen that Mercedes and Kurt gave the heels to Wade but they decided to stop him from performance femininely.

Kurt : Hey, Wade! We just came by to tell you to break a leg. Mercedes : And to make sure you're still dressed as a guy. Wade : Not for long. Kurt : Look, Wade, I know we sent you those shoes as a good-luck gesture, but w-we talked it over, and you can't do this. I admit that I've worn some flamboyant designer outfits, but I've never dressed up like a woman. Wade : That's because you identify yourself as a man. I thought you, of all people, would understand. I'm wearing them (shows his heels to them) (29:59-30:27, S3:E16). Wade never defines himself as a transgender but from this scene, it can be conclude that he identifies himself as a woman even though he said that indirectly. It is clear that his character is meant to represent transgender narratives. Transgender identifies their genders as opposite gender through performativity (Tauches,

Kimberly).

Later on in the next scene where Wade perform a song by KC and the Sunshine

Band, Boogie Shoes at regionals. He perform that song wearing high heels, dress, and wig, he totally dress up as woman. Yet, it can be seen that he feel really confident with himself as being a woman even though, his glee club coach, Jesse St. James tried to stop him from performing on stage by being a woman but Wade kept singing on stage and dancing confidently. Until then, Vocal Adrenaline won the first place at regionals which mean that they will go to nationals against New Directions.

Picture 2 (31:35, S3:E16)

Wade and Vocal Adrenaline performing Boogie Shoes

But, later in the same episode, after Mercedes and Kurt gave Wade a pair of high heels, they decided to stop Wade to perform onstage from wearing the high heels because they are living in Ohio which was danger for him. But Wade kept insisting to perform as a woman because he identifies himself as a woman. He then perform as a woman under “Unique” name and in the end he made as the winner of the competition.

The second of his appearance was in the season 3 episode 21, Nationals. In this episode, Wade had a championship against Mercedes and Kurt but despite of they were supposed to be enemies, Mercedes and Kurt decided to approach Wade to support him.

Wade : if you've come to mess with my head, don't worry, I'm not going out there. Mercedes : We came to wish Unique luck and give her this flower Wade : Well, Unique has left the building. Try as I might, I can't conjure her. Kurt : Wait, this is just stage fright. Think of the last time you performed as Unique. You were smash. Wade : That was different. Nobody knew Unique. I didn't have to be any one other than the one I truly was. Now everyone is coming for me. Jesse, the rest of my team, I can't take the pressure. All I ever wanted to do, was wear a dress and sing. And now I'm a poster to every child that's different. I can't handle it. I just can't handle it. Mercedes : You may not be able to handle it, but maybe Unique can. Kurt : You gotta move through that fear and expectation. At least that's what real stars do. Wade : Aren’t we supposed to be enemies? Mercedes : Yeah, but that's not how we roll in the New Directions. Kurt : Not, really our style. Wade : Alright, let me get ready. Which lipstick? Ruby red or sugar rose? Kurt : Sugar rose Mercedes : Good luck. Kurt : Break a heel. Wade : I'll tell you what. Unique might need to transfer schools next year. (18:58-20:22, S3:E21)

Unfortunately, Wade was being insecure about himself because everyone came to support him and he was afraid that he was going to bring them down. Mercedes and

Kurt convince Wade to perform as what he wanted to be which is as a woman. In the end, Wade won the MVP Award of Show Choir National Championship 2012.

The Judges: And now it's time to announce the winner of this year's individual show choir MVP award. From Vocal Adrenaline, Carmel High's Wade "Unique" Adams! (29:25-29:42, S3:E21)

From all of those evidence, Wade revealed that he had alter-ego named

“Unique” but he then revealed that he identifies himself as a woman. According to

Cambridge Dictionary, alter-ego means the part of someone’s personality that is not usually seen by other people. Which is different with Wade’s personality because he wanted to be known and called “Unique” and he was not hiding his personality as a transwoman, he even proud to show them all and he became more confident every time he became “Unique” and dressed up as woman.

Wade chose “Unique” as his new name because he wanted to be different.

Through Cambridge Dictionary, unique means that being the only existing one of its type or, more generally, unusual, or special in some way. Unique most commonly in used for girls name therefore Wade chose “Unique” for his new name that now known as Unique Adams.

Another time Wade identifies himself as a woman was seen in the season 4 episode 16, Feud. When Wade was trying to defending Marley from Ryder, Ryder called him “dude” which made Wade got upset and said that he is a proud black woman.

Ryder kept insisting that Wade is a “dude” which led Wade to pushed Ryder away and got upset.

Ryder: Dude, back off! Wade: Who are you calling dude? I am no dude. Ryder: So, what are you then? Wade: I am a proud black woman Ryder: No, you’re a dude Wade: (pushed Ryder away and walked away). (08:22-08:33, S4E16) Later on, Wade and Ryder are feuding in the choir room by singing a mashup song by Elton John and Madonna. Wade reference himself as Madonna and Ryder reference himself as Elton John. During the performance Wade was wearing a pink dress and a leopard faux coat. He also gave the New Directions girls tiaras as a representative of a queen. At the end of the performance, Wade agreed to make it up with Ryder unless Ryder want to say that Wade is a girl but Ryder got confused of him and decline to say that he is a girl which led Wade left the choir room angrily.

Picture 3 (15:54, S4E16)

Wade and Ryder performing a song to clear their feud in choir room

Wade: Unique would happily shake Ryder’s hand but first say I’m a girl. Ryder: Look, I’m just confused okay? Yesterday, you dressed as a boy, today you dressed as a girl. What bathroom do you use? I mean, make up your mind. Wade: It doesn’t matter what you see, you don’t get to decide for me (left the choir room angrily). (17:31-17:50, S4E16) By the end of the episode, Ryder finally apologizes to Wade and said that he is a girl which made Wade happy and forgive him.

Ryder: Unique Look, I'm not gonna pretend like I understand everything that's going

on with you. But you have a truth, and as your friend, I need to support that truth, so

you're a girl, dude. (35:30-35:44, S4:E16)

“Dude” is a slang in American English language which means a man. In

America or places that use English as their main language, they use “dude” to call a man. Wade got upset when Ryder called him “dude” because he identifies himself as a woman which is impolite to call him “dude”.

Identifying himself as a transwoman, Wade also doing some tradition that transwoman doing like drinking birth control pill could grow their breast. This action caught up by Marley in the choir room. Wade said to her that every transgender kid doing this to grow their breast naturally.

Marley: Unique, what are you doing? Are those birth control pills? Wade: Shh! Don't blow a girl's cover. Kitty hooked me up with a prescription for Loestrin, and I heard that two dolls a day will turn my Bs into Ds in no time. Marley: Unique, you cannot take birth control. Wade: Why not? Trans kids everywhere are doing it. (06:25-06:46, S4:E19)

Taking birth control pills is one of the way that Wade used to express his gender in ways which his comfortable with and this way he chose to be a woman. According to the study from University of Washington in Seattle, transgender woman took birth control pills to receiving estrogen hormones which in biology could help them to grow their breast naturally instead of having surgery or injection.

2. Violence

The number of violence that Wade got are quiet few. Wade usually being pushed against the locker while he was walking down in the school hallways alone by some boys. This thing happen caused by two main problems, first because Wade was in show choir and through all the students in William McKinley High School, a student who joins the show choir as known as the underdog which mean a group of people who has less money and power than the rest society. It is not something odd to labeled the glee club member as the underdog because they only won once Nationals Show Choir

Championship in three years. Second, because Wade is a man who dressed up like a woman.

In the first episode of season 4, The New Rachel Berry, Wade got his first slushied by popular kids and they said that Wade does not belong to them.

Picture 4 (39:06, S4;E1) Wade getting slushied from popular kids Getting slushied is one of tradition that the glee club member or the other underdog club got when they joined in. Slushie or slushee is frozen baverage that made by freezing non-carbonated juice or liquid.

Wade getting slushied at the first time when he was helping the other glee club members to convinced Marley to get back to glee club. Even though Wade joined in when the glee club already won Nationals, yet he still got slushied. It is seem pretty odd, why the popular kid slushied Wade after he joined glee club after glee club won nationals? The answer is because Wade is different.

The show was taken setting place in Lima, Ohio in year 2013. In America, there are no federal rules against discrimination of LGBT people before 2015. Only 21 states that has federal rules against the discriminations of LGBT people before 2015 such as

California, Colorado, Connecticut, Hawaii, New York, Illinois, Utah, Rhode Island,

Pennsylvania, Iowa, Maryland, Delaware, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Nevada, New

Hampshire, New Mexico, Oregon, Vermont, Washington, and Michigan. Which can be seen that Ohio is not part of it.

3. Discrimination in Institution

Discrimination in institution also was shown on the show. Wade got banned from the school play because he wanted to play as a pregnant woman meanwhile he is a boy. Coach Sue whom found out about this by eavesdropping Marley and Wade conversation in the restroom told Wade to back off of the play and she said she will not let Wade play in the school play as a pregnant woman. Coach Sue also referred Wade as “gender confusion”.

Coach Sue: (to Wade) but you, urethra Franklin, you are a boy and you are fooling no one. You are smuggling more kielbasa under those gowns than a homesick Polish lady trying to sneak through customs. Marley: You can't say things like that. Coach Sue: Oh, I think you'll find I can say anything I want, absolutely stunning, kind-faced, blue-eyed girl. Now, I know full well that gender confusion is the liberal media's new darling, bored with drowning the nation's airwaves with tinny sitcoms so gay that you have to stretch a dental dam over your television set in order to watch them safely. The Hollywood communists are busy force-feeding us drag queen reality shows and soft profiles of gender-confused hormone-gobbling pre- teens, who faint at the sight of their own genitals. There's no way in hell you're gonna play Rizzo. I will not allow you to unleash a teenage maelstrom of gender-bent sexual confusion at this school, so you can turn it around and make it a launch party for your very own line of male girdles and brand-new fragrance call "nut whiff. (12:20-13:21, S4;E5) Coach Sue also mentioned that it is very common nowadays for a man play in a show as a woman or this is called by being a drag queen, a man who often dresses as a woman for entertainment.

It is very odd that coach Sue tried to stop Wade from auditioning for the school play as Rizzo, yet it did not stop him. He kept auditioning and got the part that he wanted.

The problem was not end that easily. After found out that Wade got the part,

Coach Sue called Mr. Schuester and Finn Hudson who directed the play to meet

Principal Figgins through that they cast a boy to play the role as a woman. Mr.

Schuester insisted that a boy play the woman role is most common thing that happened in Entertaiment even Broadway so it is okay to cast Wade.

Coach Sue: The twin idiots seated before you are poised to cast the she male- fabulous Unique Adams as Rizzo in Grease; The already overly sexualized minstrel show featuring teen pregnancy and the ridiculously unnecessary lubrication of lightning. If they succeed, they will set a legal precedent that will clear the way for Unique to become a Cheerio! In the very year that I am set to notch my 1,000th tournament victory and become the winningest coach in cheerleading history. Mr. Schuester: Wait. When did Unique say he wanted to be a Cheerio!? Mr. Figgins: Sue, I don't understand. Unique Adams is nothing more than an attractive, buxom young woman who's got it going on in all the right places. She's a brick house, Sue! Mr. Schuester: Uh, Principal Figgins, Sue's right about that. Unique is definitely a guy. Finn: I don't see what the big deal is. If Unique identifies as a girl and dresses as a girl, she should be allowed to play one onstage. Mr. Schuester: Cross-gendered casting is as old as theater itself. In Shakespeare's time, all the female roles were played by men. (26:54-27:50, S4;E5) Despite of that, Coach Sue was deep down concern about Wade’s safety since they are living in Ohio not as same as Broadway which is in New York. Coach Sue

even mentioned that the school did nothing when Wade got pushed against the locker or getting slushied.

Coach Sue: We live in Ohio. And if you choose to cast Rizzo with a naive, gender- confused boy in a dress, I guarantee you someone is going to raise a very public stink about it, and I don't think that's fair. Don't put this kid in danger because you want to make some grand gesture about how open-minded you are. (28:25-28:44, S4;E5) They were keep arguing until the result that they still going to cast Wade to play the role he got.

In the next episode, Glease. Wade’s parents came to the school and met Finn

Hudson. Wade’s parents said that they were not surprise that Wade could get the part because Wade already dressed up as a woman since he was little. But they pulled Wade off of the play because they were concern about Wade’s safety especially after coach

Sylvester told them that he being pushed against the walls so many times.

Mrs. Adams: When Wade performed as a girl at Nationals, we were really proud. Mr. Adams: But Chicago is a very liberal city I mean, we live in Ohio, and to be perfectly honest, we're worried about Wade's safety. Wade: I think you're overreacting. Coach Sue: Are we? Well, I've personally seen you physically assaulted in the hallway. This concerns me. Mr. Adams: We're pulling Wade out of the play. (18:51-19:22, S4;E6) By the end of the episode, Wade did not playing at the school play and his role replaced by someone else.

It was not fair for Wade to get banned from a school play just because he wanted to play as a woman. In theater industry, it is very common for a man to play as woman

or the opposite. This discrimination shows that transgender kid does not the same rights like the other heterosexual student. Not only that, this discrimination also shows that federal law for LGBT people is really necessary.

Not only get banned from school play. At the first school week Wade transferred to William McKinley High School in season 4 episode 1, The New Rachel, he wore make up on his face while had lunch with New Directions member in cafeteria.

Yet, the New Directions member were overwhelmed with being popular, they do not permit Wade to sit at the table with them and urge him to not come to school presenting femininely which he does anyway.

Wade: Unique offers her greetings and salutations. Sam: Wade, you can’t wear that make up and stuff in here. You have to understand how it works. It’s like Game of Thrones. Artie: Yeah, the peace between us and the truly popular kids is weak winter is coming. It’s not gonna take much for us to get smacked down to the bottom again. Blaine: Maybe you should just save Unique for performance and be Wade the rest of the time. Wade: Alright, I’ll go take off my face. (13:08-13:27, S4:E1) The selfishness of the glee club member by being popular made Wade had to be someone else not himself. At the first time he greeted them, Wade once again introduced himself as “Unique”, he called himself “Unique” but his friends called him

Wade instead.

Picture 5 (13:19, S4:E1)

Wade looks disappointed Wade also look so disappointed when his friends told him to take off the make- up he was wearing. It is not their rights to tell Wade what he should do about his face or his clothes. And once again, Wade faced discriminations in institution where he cannot dress up as himself.

4. Discriminations in Public Facilities

In the episode The Role You Were Born to Play, Wade said to Finn that he does not feel right in the men’s locker room but he cannot go to girl’s locker room either.

He also does not feel comfortable wearing boy’s clothes but he cannot wear dress all the time.

Wade: I don’t feel right the men's locker room. But I can't go into the girls'. And I don't feel right in men's clothing, but I can't wear dresses every day, it sucks to never know your place. (35:17-35:32, S4;E5) The same things he told Finn was actually happened to him every time he want to use the restroom. Season 5 Episode 5, The End of Twerk was the witness of the discrimination that Wade got just from using restroom. Wade said that he always go to

the restroom during the class time because he does not want anyone find out that he went to the girl’s bathroom until Bree caught him entered girl’s restroom.

Wade: (enter the girl’s restroom) Bree: what the hell are you doing here? Wade: Oh, I’m sorry. I thought this was the little boys’ room. Bree: Stop right there, voice of Elmo. Do you honestly expect me to believe you stumbled in here by accident? Wade: Please don’t tell anyone. I’m afraid to use the boys’ room. I can’t. I just don’t feel comfortable in there. I make sure to only come in here during class so no one finds out or gets upset Bree: Oh don’t worry, your secret is safe with me. (07:15-07:48, S5E5) After getting caught by Bree, Wade decided to use boys’ restroom instead yet, he still coming over there during class time. Until he entered boys’ restroom wearing dress, high heels, and a wig. But when he entered, there were three guys who are homophobic caught him and bullied him, they pushed him against the walls and take off his wig and flushed it in the toilet.

Picture 6 (17:51, S5:E5) Picture 7 (18:05, S5:E4)

Wade was about to enter boys restroom Wade got caught by the bullies

Wade: (entered boys’ restroom) Boy 1: well, well, if it isn’t the “Q” in the LQBTQ-XYZ-who gives a crap? you want me to warm that seat up for you, sweetheart?

Boy 2: listen, we get it. It must be hell hiking up that lovely dress at a urinal. Wade: just let me do some business and I’ll go, please. Boy 3: oh sorry, we are just curious how exactly you do that Boy 2: don’t be scared, we are all guys here! (They took off Wade’s wig and flushed it into the toilet then pushed him against the wall and walked out from the restroom). (17:50-18:32, S5E5) Wade does not be quiet about it. He told the principal that he needs his own restroom at school. Next, principal Sylvester gave him his own restroom which is a porta-potti and the place was right in the middle of the choir room. This thing was actually offensive because Wade was trying to protect himself but the principal seems to take it as a joke. When every New Directions member in the choir room, Wade needed to use the porta-potti which he called as the magic bathroom. But, their glee club coach, Mr. Schuester brought Wade to the faculty restroom. By the end of the episode, the porta-potti had been taken out from the choir room and Wade can use the faculty restroom whenever he want to used.

In that scene Wade entering boys restroom wearing a dress, a wig, high heels and full make-up on. Why does he wearing a girl clothes when he enter the boys restroom? The answer is because Wade is defined himself as a woman, yet he cannot enter the girls restroom because it was not inappropriate. Therefore, Wade decided to enter boy restroom like the other guys do it which is not good for him at the end.

This whole scene was taken in Lima, Ohio in 2014. This scene also mentioned once by a governor of California, Jerry Brown. She signed the school success and opportunity ACT, a low that allow trans students to access school accommodations that

affirm their gender identity, all students deserve the same opportunities to be successful

(2013).

5. Discrimination in Environment

The discrimination in environment was actually only showed once in the episode Feud from season 4. After making up with Ryder about their feuding, Wade told Ryder, Marley, and Jake that on the same day they had perform their feud song, he walked home wearing the dress and the wig then some of the popular kids called him “freak” and tried to approach him.

Wade: That day, after we sang I decided to walk home in all my Leslie Uggams glory, and a group of popular girls came after me. (flashback story) Popular Girl: are you a boy or a girl? (they run to him) hey! Freak! Lady freak!” (back to the present) Wade: I got home before they caught up to me but I was so scared. (35:48- 36:10, S4:E16) This scene was also taken around Lima, Ohio neighborhood which is showing that it was not safe for Wade to express himself outside his house. And it is also show that Wade could not walk down on the street alone while being a woman because it was not safe for him because there were no federal rules for transgender discrimination.

Wade’s transgender issues was literally shown from the show. From his self- identity, violence, discrimination in educations, discrimination in public facilities, and discrimination from the environment.

Wade always identified himself as a woman from the way he talked, dress, and walked even his attitude. Despite of that, he was not allowed to play in the school play because his parents banned him to play for his safety, yet, Wade never stop being himself, being on who he believes even though he got violence and discrimination in the way he chooses restroom and in his environment.

CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusion

Glee is a TV series with drama comedy genre which finished on April 2015.

This TV show tells about high school kids who were trying to make their dreams come true by being in a show choir. Glee has so many issues throughout the series such as teen pregnancy, teen marriage, bullying, and LGBT. One of the focus from this show is how the transgender kid had struggling with transgender issues that happened in America lately.

The theories that are used for this analysis is character and characterization theory are used to identify Wade characteristic described from the show, in order to understand any possible things from the scenes, dialogues and actions that related to transgender issues.

Wade Adams is a transgender kid from William McKinley High School in

Lima, Ohio. He is very confident about himself especially when he becomes a woman. He even won as MVP of Nationals Show Choir Championship because of his performance. Wade often wearing dress, high heels, fancy wig, fancy jewelry, fur faux coat, boots, make up, even fake eyelashes.

There are few numbers of transgender issues that happened to Wade. First, his sexuality. Wade always identify himself as a black woman but some people still confusing about who is Wade actually but he stated that he does not care about what other people say, he is still a black woman. Second, the violence, the number of the violence that Wade got throughout the show is actually quiet few. He often being pushed against the walls, getting slushied all over his face, also verbally bullied. Third is the discrimination from education. The discrimination from institution that Wade got that he was banned from a school musical because he was not allowed to play a role that should be played by a woman. Wade being banned from school musical in order to concerns about his safety in that school. This condition become worse because they are living in Ohio which at that time known as non-liberal state in America.

The fourth number of the issues is the discrimination in public facilities which that shown from the show is restroom. Wade mentioned in the show that he never feels right using the men’s restroom but he cannot go to the girl’s restroom either.

The last number of the issues is the discrimination in environment where Wade almost get approach by some popular girls who lived around his neighborhood, he also got called “freak” by these popular girls.

B. Suggestion

Throughout the series, the writer analyizing all Wade’s transgender issues to see what are the transgender issues that happened to Wade through the series. Wade

is the first transgender character from the show. In the season 6 there is another transgender character uttered from the show and she is Sheldon Beiste whom is a transman from being a woman to be a man. Based on the date that researcher finds, there are not many issues which is interest in analyzing the transgender issues. The researches hopes that there are another researches about this show which discuss about others issues or concern in other gender aspects.

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APPENDIX