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Curriculum Committee Disclaimer: This is an indicative syllabus only and may be subject to changes. The final and official syllabus will be distributed by the instructor during the first day of class. The American University of Rome Department of International Relations Department or degree program mission statement, student learning objectives, as appropriate... Course Title: Rome and the Renaissance Papacy Course Number: HSRE 313 Pre/Co-Requisites: either a lower level course in Religious Studies or Art History/History or permission of the instructor. Required Readings: Macchiavelli, The Prince, ISBN: 812978056 Erasmus? Julius Exclusus, ISBN: 025399733X Guiccardini, The Sack of Rome, ISBN: 934977321 G.L. Hersey, High Renaissance Art in St Peter's and the Vatican, Chicago, 1993 ISBN: 226327825 Credits & hours: 3 Course description: With the return of the papacy to Rome after "the Babylonian captivity" at Avignon the city gradually began to recover its former splendour. Despite the lack of a strong indigenous craft tradition, Rome had two formidable cultural assets: her Christian heritage and her classical Roman past. Both were enormously significant for the revival and development of the papal city. This course introduces students to the main cultural, social, political and religious features of Rome in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. Students will study and evaluate a wide selection of source material – artistic, literary, historical, philosophical, religious – thus gaining an informed appreciation of some of the most important aspects and interrelations of Rome in this period. Questions of culture, identity and power will be addressed. Presenting case studies of individual Popes we will examine how a political and religious agenda defined the papacy both within the city in the Italian peninsula and across Europe. The role of the Cardinals and papal bureaucracy will also be discussed. Much of the teaching will be conducted on-site where we will explore the development of cultural and religious tourism; examine monuments in the city and ask how their appearance were shaped by social, religious and political factors. Course Learning Objectives: Upon completing this course students will be able to: 1. outline the major events of the history of the Papacy (1420-1527). 2. discuss the cultural, religious and historical contexts in which these events took place, and critically assess the role of the Renaissance Papacy in an Italian and European context. 3. formulate arguments and produce lucid written commentaries on historical topics. Course Learning Activities: (EO1\3\4) Out of class reading and writing assignments: Each week students will read the scheduled primary texts in translation (see attached schedule) in preparation for seminar discussion. Students will produce different drafts of their final paper. The final paper will consist of the development of a thesis, analysis of textual reference and use of textual evidence and conclusions. (EO2\4) In class analysis: students will read and analyze primary texts; they will become familiar with analytic methodology and critical terms; they will answer orally and in writing to questions stemming from the assigned readings. Critical and interpretive essays will also be subject to critical analysis. (EO2\4) In class/on-site discussions: students will participate in discussions, sustain their views and ideas by using new and specialized lexicon. (EO1\2) Oral presentations: students will choose a topic among the ones listed on the syllabus which they will prepare and present to the class, using elements of critical terminology already learned. Assessment tools: Oral presentations 20% of the final grade Midterm and examination 30% of the final grade Final paper 50% of the final grade INDICATIVE SCHEDULE Week Topic Reading Week 1 The Return of the Papacy to Rome R. Brentano, Rome Before Avignon, (Introduction). This introductory lecture surveys the first I. Kajanto, Papal Epigraphy in works of art commissioned by the papacy Renaissance Rome, Helsinki 1982, after the return to Rome from the pp.31-42. "Babylonish captivity" at Avignon, with an P. Partner, Renaissance Rome excursus on the first attempts at 1500-1559 A Portrait of a Society, archaeology in Rome. We shall examine Berkeley, 1976, ch.1. the way in which a succession of popes Recommended Reading: used works of art to re-establish their P. Partner, The Papal State under political authority and cultural Martin V, London 1958. pre-eminence in the city, focusing in P. Partner, The Lands of St Peter. particular on the achievements of Pope The Papal State in the Middle Ages Martin V. and the Early Renaissance, London 1972 Week 2 Nicholas V and Urban Planning: a Life of Pope Nicholas V, in Pilgrim in Rome Vespasiano de'Bisticci, Renaissance Princes, Popes and Prelates, trans. It was with the election in 1447 of W. George and E. Waters, New Tommaso Parentucelli as Nicholas V, York 1963, pp.31-59. however, that a firm intention to improve D.J. Birch, Pilgrimage to Rome in and embellish Rome according to the the Middle Ages, Woodbridge 1998. dictates of rational town-planning was C. Burroughs, 'Below the Angel: An shown. In a deathbed speech attributed to Urbanistic Project in the Rome of him the power of buildings in this respect Pope Nicholas V', JWCI, xlv (1982), is clearly stated. He is reported to have pp.94-124. said: "Only the learned who have H.L. Kessler and J. Zacharias, Rome studied the origin and development of the 1300, on the path of the pilgrim, Roman Church can really understand its New Haven and London, 2000. greatness. Thus, to create solid and stable Recommended Reading: convictions in the minds of the uncultured C. Burroughs, From Signs to Design. masses, there must be something which Environmental Process and Reform appeals to the eye; a popular faith, in Early Renaissance Rome, sustained only on doctrines, will never be Cambridge, Mass., and London anything but feeble and vacillating. But if 1990. the authority of the Holy See were visibly S. Coleman and J. Elsner, displayed in majestic buildings, Pilgrimage, Past and Present in the imperishable memorials and witnesses World Religions, London 1995. seemingly planted by the hand of God N. Ohler, The Medieval Traveller, himself, belief would grow and strenghten Woodbridge 1989. from one generation to another, and all the R. Stoppani, Le vie di pellegrinaggio world would accept and revere it. Noble de Medioevo, Florence 1991 edifices combining taste and beauty with imposing proportions would immensely conduce to the exaltation of the chair of Saint Peter." (Trans. in Partner, Renaissance Rome, p.16). Medieval and Renaissance Rome relied upon the pilgrim trade for its economic prosperity. Devout travellers from all over Europe came to Rome to worship at the sacred sites. In this lecture we will examine the routes these pilgrims took by reading first-hand accounts of their journeys. The history of the Jubilee will also be studied. Week 3 All day vatican museums Week 4 All day vatican museums Week 5 Sixtus IV and His Chapel L.D. Ettlinger, The Sistine Chapel before Michelangelo: Religious Sixtus IV was responsible for the building Imagery and Papal Primacy, Oxford of the famous Sistine Chapel and for the 1965. decoration of its walls with a series of R. Goffen, 'Friar Sixtus IV and the narrative frescoes. Commissions of this Sistine Chapel', Renaissance type encouraged leading artists such as Quarterly, xlix (1986), pp.218-262. Perugino, Pinturicchio, Ghirlandaio, I. Kajanto, Papal Epigraphy in Botticelli and Signorelli to seek work in Renaissance Rome, Helsinki 1982, Rome. This lecture devoted entirely to the pp.74-85. significance of the frescoes commissioned Recommended Reading: by Sixtus for his new ceremonial chapel in L. D. Ettlinger, 'Pollaiuolo's Tomb of the Vatican palace. Sixtus IV', JWCI, xvi (1953), pp.239-274. E. Lee, Sixtus IV and Men of Letters, Rome 1978. C.F. Lewine, The Sistine Chapel Walls and the Roman Liturgy, Pennsylvania, 1993 Week 6 Sixtus IV and the Jubilee (On-site: N. Clark, Melozzo da Forlì, Pictor Piazza Venezia to Saint Peter’s) Papalis, London 1990. Recommended Reading: Sixtus IV laid the foundations of the della F. Benzi, F., Sisto IV Renovator Rovere family fortunes with an ambitious Urbis, Rome 1990. programme of urban development. By the E.D. Howe, The Hospital of Santo papal bull Ineffabilis, promulgated on 19 Spirito and Pope Sixtus IV, New April 1470, Pope Paul II fixed the interval York 1978. for the celebration of the Holy Year or M. Miglio, et al., Un pontificato ed Jubilee at every twenty-five years. una città. Sisto IV (1471-1484), Strapped for cash, it was hoped that the Vatican City 1986. influx of pilgrims for the next Holy Year in 1475 would straighten Vatican finanaces. Unfortunately Paul did not live long enough to reap the rewards of the new decree and it was left to the new pope Sixtus IV to implement measures to prepare the city for the approaching Holy Year. These measures amounted to nothing less than a plan for the complete revitalization of the entire city of Rome. Central to this grand building project was the erection of a new bridge across the River Tiber which would connect all the major elements of Sixtus's new scheme and facilitate the passage of pilgrims around the city by connecting Trastevere and the Regola and Parione districts Week 7 Patronage of the Cardinals (On-site: P. Burke, '"Donec Auferatur Luna": Around Piazza Navona). the Facade of Santa Maria della Pace', JWCI, xliv (1981), pp.238-9. The cardinals were also enthusiastic D. Chambers, A Renaissance patrons of the arts. Here we will explore Cardinal and His Worldly Goods: the area in the streets in and around Piazza The Will and Inventory of Francesco Navona visiting the churches of Sta Maria Gonzaga (1444-1483), London sopra Minerva; Sta Maria della Pace and 1992.
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