Bibliography of Alaskan Geology
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The Hanford Laboratories and the Growth of Environmental Research in the Pacific Northwest
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF D. Erik Ellis for the degree of Master of Science in History of Science, presented on December 17,2002. Title: The Hanford Laboratories and the Growth of Environmental Research in the Pacific Northwest. 1943 to 1965. Redacted for privacy Abstract approved: William G. Robbins The scientific endeavors that took place at Hanford Engineer Works, beginning in World War II and continuing thereafter, are often overlooked in the literature on the Manhattan Project, the Atomic Energy Commission, and in regional histories. To historians of science, Hanford is described as an industrial facility that illustrates the perceived differences between academic scientists on the one hand and industrial scientists and engineers on the other. To historians of the West such as Gerald Nash, Richard White, and Patricia Limerick, Hanford has functioned as an example of the West's transformation during in World War II, the role of science in this transformation, and the recurring impacts of industrialization on the western landscape. This thesis describes the establishment and gradual expansion of a multi-disciplinary research program at Hanford whose purpose was to assess and manage the biological and environmental effects of plutonium production. By drawing attention to biological research, an area in which Hanford scientists gained distinction by the mid 1950s, this study explains the relative obscurity of Hanford's scientific research in relation to the prominent, physics- dominated national laboratories of the Atomic Energy Commission. By the mid 1960s, with growing public concern over radiation exposure and changes in the government's funding patterns for science, Hanford's ecologically relevant research provided a recognizable and valuable identity for the newly independent, regionally-based research laboratory. -
Copyright by Paul Harold Rubinson 2008
Copyright by Paul Harold Rubinson 2008 The Dissertation Committee for Paul Harold Rubinson certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Containing Science: The U.S. National Security State and Scientists’ Challenge to Nuclear Weapons during the Cold War Committee: —————————————————— Mark A. Lawrence, Supervisor —————————————————— Francis J. Gavin —————————————————— Bruce J. Hunt —————————————————— David M. Oshinsky —————————————————— Michael B. Stoff Containing Science: The U.S. National Security State and Scientists’ Challenge to Nuclear Weapons during the Cold War by Paul Harold Rubinson, B.A.; M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin August 2008 Acknowledgements Thanks first and foremost to Mark Lawrence for his guidance, support, and enthusiasm throughout this project. It would be impossible to overstate how essential his insight and mentoring have been to this dissertation and my career in general. Just as important has been his camaraderie, which made the researching and writing of this dissertation infinitely more rewarding. Thanks as well to Bruce Hunt for his support. Especially helpful was his incisive feedback, which both encouraged me to think through my ideas more thoroughly, and reined me in when my writing overshot my argument. I offer my sincerest gratitude to the Smith Richardson Foundation and Yale University International Security Studies for the Predoctoral Fellowship that allowed me to do the bulk of the writing of this dissertation. Thanks also to the Brady-Johnson Program in Grand Strategy at Yale University, and John Gaddis and the incomparable Ann Carter-Drier at ISS. -
The Cordilleran Ice Sheet 3 4 Derek B
1 2 The cordilleran ice sheet 3 4 Derek B. Booth1, Kathy Goetz Troost1, John J. Clague2 and Richard B. Waitt3 5 6 1 Departments of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Earth & Space Sciences, University of Washington, 7 Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195, USA (206)543-7923 Fax (206)685-3836. 8 2 Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada 9 3 U.S. Geological Survey, Cascade Volcano Observatory, Vancouver, WA, USA 10 11 12 Introduction techniques yield crude but consistent chronologies of local 13 and regional sequences of alternating glacial and nonglacial 14 The Cordilleran ice sheet, the smaller of two great continental deposits. These dates secure correlations of many widely 15 ice sheets that covered North America during Quaternary scattered exposures of lithologically similar deposits and 16 glacial periods, extended from the mountains of coastal south show clear differences among others. 17 and southeast Alaska, along the Coast Mountains of British Besides improvements in geochronology and paleoenvi- 18 Columbia, and into northern Washington and northwestern ronmental reconstruction (i.e. glacial geology), glaciology 19 Montana (Fig. 1). To the west its extent would have been provides quantitative tools for reconstructing and analyzing 20 limited by declining topography and the Pacific Ocean; to the any ice sheet with geologic data to constrain its physical form 21 east, it likely coalesced at times with the western margin of and history. Parts of the Cordilleran ice sheet, especially 22 the Laurentide ice sheet to form a continuous ice sheet over its southwestern margin during the last glaciation, are well 23 4,000 km wide. -
Project Chariot: Part
9/3/2019 The Nuclear Legacy of Project Chariot - Part I Project Chariot: The Nuclear Legacy of Cape Thompson, Alaska Norman Chance "In 1957, the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission [AEC] established the 'Plowshare Program' to "investigate and develop peaceful uses for nuclear explosives." In early 1958, the AEC selected a site at the mouth of the Ogotoruk Creek near Cape Thompson, approximately 30 miles southeast of the Inupiat Eskimo village of Point Hope. Shortly thereafter, they developed plans for an experimental harbor excavation to be called Project Chariot. Late in 1962, after extensive scientific studies, the AEC announced that it "would defer further consideration of the proposed Chariot experiment," due in part to public criticism.... Douglas L. Vandegraft U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Part One of this case study traces the process of events from the initial design of Project Chariot to its cancellation in 1962. Part Two addresses recent developments stemming from a 1990s investigation of contaminated radioactive soil that had been left at the site thirty years previously. Also included is a Postscript analyzing allegations that without their knowledge, the Inupiat and other Alaskan Natives were injected with radioactive iodine/131 in the 1950s as part of a U.S. military research project to determine whether soldiers "could be better conditioned to fight in cold conditions." Part One [There was] a general atmosphere and attitude that the American people could not be trusted with the uncertainities, and therefore the information was withheld from them. I think there was concern that the American people, given the facts, would not make the right risk-benefit judgments. -
Explorer's Gazette
EEXXPPLLOORREERR’’SS GAZETTE GAZETTE Published Quarterly in Pensacola, Florida USA for the Old Antarctic Explorers Association Uniting All OAEs in Perpetuating the Memory of United States Involvement in Antarctica Volume 13, Issue 2 Old Antarctic Explorers Association, Inc Apr-Jun 2013 —Photo by Elaine Hood/NSF Brandon “Shaggy” Neahusan explains the vision for rebuilding McMurdo Station over the next 15 years. Antarctic Deep Freeze Association Reunion New Orleans 2013 by Elaine Hood working in McMurdo was the last year the Navy was there, Easy Fun in the Big Easy 1998. I’ve been a member of ADFA since learning about its existence almost ten years ago. I have not missed an ADFA The Big Easy, New Orleans, was the destination of dozens reunion since my first one and always look forward to seeing of Deep Freeze veterans June 18–21. And the living was familiar faces and laughing at good stories. easy due to the prime location of the Hyatt Hotel in the French Quarter, as it was located right on Bourbon Street. Reunion The nightlife on Bourbon Street never stops and it is always Bill Stroup and his son Robert were our hosts for the worth a walk just to see what trouble you need to stay away biennial Antarctic Deep Freeze Association reunion. Robert from. kept the bar well stocked in the hospitality room that always My name is Elaine Hood and I work for the civilian serves as the central meeting point. contractor to the US Antarctic Program. My first year Continued on page 4. E X P L O R E R ‘ S G A Z E T T E V O L U M E 13, I S S U E 2 A P R J U N 2 0 1 3 P R E S I D E N T ’ S C O R N E R Laura Snow—OAEA President FELLOW OAEA MEMBERS: In this first letter to you from the President’s Corner I am providing you with information regarding recent decisions by the board of directors. -
Beaufort Sea: Hypothetical Very Large Oil Spill and Gas Release
OCS Report BOEM 2020-001 BEAUFORT SEA: HYPOTHETICAL VERY LARGE OIL SPILL AND GAS RELEASE U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Alaska OCS Region OCS Study BOEM 2020-001 BEAUFORT SEA: HYPOTHETICAL VERY LARGE OIL SPILL AND GAS RELEASE January 2020 Author: Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Alaska OCS Region U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Alaska OCS Region REPORT AVAILABILITY To download a PDF file of this report, go to the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (www.boem.gov/newsroom/library/alaska-scientific-and-technical-publications, and click on 2020). CITATION BOEM, 2020. Beaufort Sea: Hypothetical Very Large Oil Spill and Gas Release. OCS Report BOEM 2020-001 Anchorage, AK: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Alaska OCS Region. 151 pp. Beaufort Sea: Hypothetical Very Large Oil Spill and Gas Release BOEM Contents List of Abbreviations and Acronyms ............................................................................................................. vii 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 What is a VLOS? ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 What Could Precipitate a VLOS? ................................................................................................ 1 1.2.1 Historical OCS and Worldwide -
Bob Farquhar
1 2 Created by Bob Farquhar For and dedicated to my grandchildren, their children, and all humanity. This is Copyright material 3 Table of Contents Preface 4 Conclusions 6 Gadget 8 Making Bombs Tick 15 ‘Little Boy’ 25 ‘Fat Man’ 40 Effectiveness 49 Death By Radiation 52 Crossroads 55 Atomic Bomb Targets 66 Acheson–Lilienthal Report & Baruch Plan 68 The Tests 71 Guinea Pigs 92 Atomic Animals 96 Downwinders 100 The H-Bomb 109 Nukes in Space 119 Going Underground 124 Leaks and Vents 132 Turning Swords Into Plowshares 135 Nuclear Detonations by Other Countries 147 Cessation of Testing 159 Building Bombs 161 Delivering Bombs 178 Strategic Bombers 181 Nuclear Capable Tactical Aircraft 188 Missiles and MIRV’s 193 Naval Delivery 211 Stand-Off & Cruise Missiles 219 U.S. Nuclear Arsenal 229 Enduring Stockpile 246 Nuclear Treaties 251 Duck and Cover 255 Let’s Nuke Des Moines! 265 Conclusion 270 Lest We Forget 274 The Beginning or The End? 280 Update: 7/1/12 Copyright © 2012 rbf 4 Preface 5 Hey there, I’m Ralph. That’s my dog Spot over there. Welcome to the not-so-wonderful world of nuclear weaponry. This book is a journey from 1945 when the first atomic bomb was detonated in the New Mexico desert to where we are today. It’s an interesting and sometimes bizarre journey. It can also be horribly frightening. Today, there are enough nuclear weapons to destroy the civilized world several times over. Over 23,000. “Enough to make the rubble bounce,” Winston Churchill said. The United States alone has over 10,000 warheads in what’s called the ‘enduring stockpile.’ In my time, we took care of things Mano-a-Mano. -
Insurance Report of Activity September 2016
Insurance Report of Activity For More Information Contact the Appropriate Regional Director or the Office of Public and Congressional Affairs (703) 518-6330 September 2016 Office of Consumer Protection INSURANCE REPORT OF ACTIVITY - SUMMARY 9/1/2016 THRU 9/30/2016 SINGLE COMMON BOND EXPANSION MULTIPLE COMMON BOND EXPANSION Region Approved Denied Deferred # of FCU Pot Mem Region Approved Denied Deferred # of FCU Pot Mem 1 1001 0 1 117 0 0 21 17,405 2 1001 100 2 204 0 4 39 17,049 3 0000 0 3 70 0 0 26 20,583 4 0000 0 4 66 1 7 19 129,883 5 1001 57 5 156 0 1 16 20,702 Total 3003 157 Total 613 1 12 121 205,622 % 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% % 97.9% 0.2% 1.9% COMMUNITY EXPANSION COMMUNITY CONVERSION Region Approved Denied Deferred # of FCU Pot Mem # Dup. Region Approved Denied Deferred # of FCU Pot Mem # Dup. 1 0000 00 1 0000 00 2 1001800,909 0 2 0000 00 3 0010 00 3 1001 48,0570 4 0000 00 4 0000 00 5 1001185,079 1 5 1001 362,895 1 Total 2012985,988 1 Total 2002 410,952 1 % 66.7% 0.0% 33.3% % 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% LOW INCOME COMMUNITY EXPANSION UNDERSERVED AREA Region Approved Denied Deferred # of FCU Pot Mem # Dup. Region Approved Denied Deferred # of FCU Pot Mem # Dup. 1 0000 00 1 0000 00 2 0000 00 2 0000 00 3 0000 00 3 4004 361,965 0 4 0000 00 4 1001 44,9160 5 0000 00 5 10011,647,249 0 Total 0000 00 Total 60062,054,130 0 % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% % 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% Prepared by NCUA 11/16/2016 INSURANCE REPORT OF ACTIVITY - SUMMARY 9/1/2016 THRU 9/30/2016 Charter Conversions Insurance Applications NICU to Non CU Non CU FISCU to FCU FCU to FISCU NICU to FCU FISCU to -
Birds of Mansel Island, Northern Hudson Bay Anthony J
The Canadian Field-Naturalist Birds of Mansel Island, northern Hudson Bay Anthony J. Gaston Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3 Canada; email: [email protected] Gaston, A.J. 2019. Birds of Mansel Island, northern Hudson Bay. Canadian Field-Naturalist 133(1): 20–24. https://doi.org/ 10.22621/cfn.v133i1.2153 Abstract A recent review of bird distributions in Nunavut demonstrated that Mansel Island, in northeastern Hudson Bay, is one of the least known areas in the territory. Here, current information on the birds of Mansel Island is summarized. A list published in 1932 included 24 species. Subsequent visits by ornithologists since 1980 have added a further 17 species to the island’s avifauna. The list includes 17 species for which breeding has been confirmed and 10 for which breeding is considered prob- able. The island seems to support particularly large populations of King Eiders (Somateria spectabilis) and Tundra Swans (Cygnus columbianus) and the most southerly breeding population of Sabine’s Gull (Xema sabini) and Red Knot (Calidiris canuta; probably). Key words: Mansel Island; Hudson Bay; birds; breeding Introduction leaved Mountain Avens (Dryas integrifolia Vahl) and At 3180 km2, Mansel Island, Qikiqtaaluk Region, Purple Mountain Saxifrage (Saxifraga op po sitifolia Nunavut, is the 28th largest island in Canada. It is L.). Marshes support extensive sedge (Carex spp.) one of three large islands in northern Hudson Bay, meadows. the others being Southampton and Coats Islands. The Hudson Bay post on the island closed in 1945, Although the birds of Coats and Southampton Is- and there has been no permanent habitation on the lands have been documented (Sutton 1932a; Gas ton island since then, although people from the nearby and Ouellet 1997), those of Mansel Island are com- Inuit community of Ivujivik, Nunavik, sometimes paratively poorly known. -
Interview with Cam Craddock January 25, 2003
An Interview with Cam Craddock January 25, 2003 with John Fournelle I was born in 1930 and grew up in the city of Chicago on the north side. In 1941 my parents moved out to Glen Ellyn, a suburb. I finished high school there and went to DePauw University in Greencastle, Indiana and graduated there in 1951. I’ve just had my 50th reunion a year ago. I was the first one in the family to attend college. My father had come at 17 from Scotland in 1921, and immediately went to work to support his family. My mother had grown up near Duluth, Minnesota, and had trained there as a nurse. My parents got married there in 1927. In 1928 they moved to Chicago, and in 1930 I came along. Actually I was an adopted child. They had been unsuccessful in having children of their Sept. 27, 1979: Speaking at the own, I came along and was available for adoption, and so they groundbreaking of Weeks II, Cam Craddock, decided to sign me on. Department Chair, front, with Lou Maher, I started out as a chemistry student. In high school I had Building Committee Chair, rear. been encouraged by a chemistry teacher to enter the (photo–department archives) Westinghouse Science competition. We manufactured plastics working afternoons and Saturdays. We didn’t win anything, but he whetted my interest in chemistry. So when I went to college that’s what I studied—until I made the mistake of taking a geology course. After comparing the merits of geology with that of quantitative analysis, titrating away in the lab on spring afternoons, I decided geology would be worth a try. -
Nuclear Weapons, Propaganda, and Cold War Memory Expressed in Film: 1959-1989 Michael A
James Madison University JMU Scholarly Commons Masters Theses The Graduate School Spring 2016 Their swords, our plowshares: "Peaceful" nuclear weapons, propaganda, and Cold War memory expressed in film: 1959-1989 Michael A. St. Jacques James Madison University Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/master201019 Part of the Cultural History Commons, Defense and Security Studies Commons, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons, Other Film and Media Studies Commons, Political History Commons, and the Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies Commons Recommended Citation St. Jacques, Michael A., "Their swords, our plowshares: "Peaceful" nuclear weapons, propaganda, and Cold War memory expressed in film: 1959-1989" (2016). Masters Theses. 102. https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/master201019/102 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the The Graduate School at JMU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Their Swords, Our Plowshares: "Peaceful" Nuclear Weapons, Propaganda, and Cold War Memory Expressed in Film: 1949-1989 Michael St. Jacques A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of JAMES MADISON UNIVERSITY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Arts History May 2016 FACULTY COMMITTEE: Committee Chair: Dr. Steven Guerrier Committee Members/ Readers: Dr. Maria Galmarini Dr. Alison Sandman Dedication For my wife, my children, my siblings, and all of my family and friends who were so supportive of me continuing my education. At the times when I doubted myself, they never did. -
The United States
Bulletin No. 226 . Series F, Geography, 37 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES V. WALCOTT, DIRECTOR BOUNDARIES OF THE UNITED STATES AND OF THE SEVERAL STATES AND TERRITORIES WITH AN OUTLINE OF THE HISTORY OF ALL IMPORTANT CHANGES OF TERRITORY (THIRD EDITION) BY HENRY G-ANNETT WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1904 CONTENTS. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL .................................... ............. 7 CHAPTER I. Boundaries of the United States, and additions to its territory .. 9 Boundaries of the United States....................................... 9 Provisional treaty Avith Great Britain...........................'... 9 Treaty with Spain of 1798......................................... 10 Definitive treaty with Great Britain................................ 10 Treaty of London, 1794 ........................................... 10 Treaty of Ghent................................................... 11 Arbitration by King of the Netherlands............................ 16 Treaty with Grreat Britain, 1842 ................................... 17 Webster-Ash burton treaty with Great Britain, 1846................. 19 Additions to the territory of the United States ......................... 19 Louisiana purchase................................................. 19 Florida purchase................................................... 22 Texas accession .............................I.................... 23 First Mexican cession....... ...................................... 23 Gadsden purchase...............................................