CH 680 Theology & Writings of Martin Luther Summer Session 2020 Trinity School for Ministry Class meeting dates June 1-5 Mark C. Mattes, Ph.D. 515-745-1596 cell [email protected]
Introduction: “The Reformation is Luther and Luther is the Reformation,” so says, James Atkinson. If that is the case, or even somewhat near to the truth, then a study of Martin Luther and his work as biblical expositor, preacher, confessor of the faith, polemicist and author of children’s catechisms is well worth the effort. This course is designed to give the student opportunity to explore through lecture and readings in primary texts, the fundamental concerns of Luther, the pioneer of the Reformation.
Course Objectives: The course is organized around three basic goals: 1) To acquaint students with the basic “shape” and issues of Luther’s theology through class presentations and lecture. 2) To enable students to assess and “wrestle” with a selection of Luther’s most important writings through the reading of primary texts. 3) To allow students the opportunity to integrate their thinking on these subjects through supervised class discussion.
Learning Outcomes:
In addition to these course objectives, students shall also make progress in these general learning outcomes, established by the seminary:
MDiv
1. The student will recognize and identify the biblical theology evident in the course work.
2. The student will be able to articulate an Lutheran understanding of biblical, historical, systematic, and pastoral theology.
3. The student will be able to communicate effectively the Christian message to a diversity of people in order to advance the mission of God.
4. The student will be prepared to effectively lead in a variety of Christian communities.
DMin,
1. 1) The student will recognize and identify the biblical theology evident in the course work. 2. The student will demonstrate the ability to reflect biblically and theologically about the identified problem.
3. The student will be able to identify and articulate a distinct ministry concern and/or challenge.
4. The student will demonstrate the ability to apply the learning from the biblical and theological reflections to the identified ministry concern and/or challenge.
Course Requirements: There are several requirements in the course: 1) Students are responsible for daily readings and are expected to attend lectures and participate through question and discussion. 2) Each student will write a 3-4 page response paper responding to Luther’s (1) Freedom of a Christian, (2) Bondage of the Will, and (3) “Embracing Your Demons: An Overview of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy” (in light of Luther’s Theology). Due: on or before last day for written work 3) MDiv students will write a term paper of 12 pages on a topic approved by the professor. DMin students will write a 20 page paper on a topic approved by the professor. Due: on or before last day for written work. 4) Answer the questions for the Kittelson, Isaac, and Mattes books prior to the first day of class 5) Develop a map of Europe that specifies cities important to the Reformation, along with a brief one-sentence statement of why that site is important, as listed below
Reading Response: The reading response must be a response to the text, rather than merely a summary or explication of the text. Students should seek to analyze the text as a whole, reflecting especially on key themes, arguments, issues, criticisms, and/or points that are of particular personal interest. The following examples of general critical questions may help guide your engagement with the text and the formulation of your response:
• What stands out to me? (Reflecting on interest) • What surprises me? (Reflecting on distance) • What puzzles me? (Reflecting on learning opportunities) • What connections do I make? (Reflecting on integration) • What implications are there? (Reflecting on application)
Grading Guidelines:
Your final grade for the course will be computed on the following basis:
Response Papers: 30 points each Term Paper: 300 points Questions 120 points Map 20 points
Grading Scale: The school’s grade scale is as follows: A = 100-95; A- = 94-90; B+ = 89-87; B = 86-83; B- = 82-80; C+ = 79-77; C = 76-73; C- = 72-70; D = below 70; F = below 60.
Attendance Policy: Class attendance and participation are a central part of this course. Students who must miss a class period need to consult with me in advance. If a student has more than one unexcused absence from class, he/she will receive a penalty of three points per additional unexcused absence on his/her final grade.
Plagiarism: Plagiarism is a violation of an author’s/artist’s intellectual property rights and is a serious offense. Please see the TSM Academic Catalog for a full explanation of Trinity’s plagiarism guidelines and note, as stated there, that every student is expected to be fully aware of the guidelines. A student who plagiarizes will automatically receive a failing grade on the assignment and risks failing the course.
Late work and extensions. Instructors may grant an extension of due dates for class assignments. If students make a mutually acceptable prior arrangement with an instructor, they may with the instructor’s permission submit required course work up to the official date for the end of term. When students expect to submit required course work later than the due date assigned by the instructor, but before the last day to submit work for the term then the student must signify this prospect to the instructor in writing, stating the extenuating circumstances, to obtain permission for late submission, on or before the assigned due date or stated examination day of a given term. A copy of this request must be submitted to the Registrar to be kept in the student’s file. The instructor may impose a condition that the grade be reduced, depending upon the reason for the requested extension. The instructor shall clearly signify in the syllabus any such condition to the student, including the amount of reduction.
Incompletes: Incompletes are not normally given and are given only in the most serious of cases. In order to request an incomplete, student must obtain the necessary form online and bring to the professor who will list the specific assignments to be completed with due dates. The due date cannot be beyond six weeks from the last day of class. The form will be submitted to the Academic Dean for final approval.
ATS: As per The Association of Theological Schools (ATS) requirements, several samples of student work may be randomly selected and used as a class artifact as part of an on-going assessment of courses and degree programs. Students’ names will be removed from any work used for this purpose.
Class Textbooks: Kittelson, James A. and Hans Wiersma, Luther the Reformer: The Story of the Man and His Career. Second Edition. Minneapolis: Augsburg, 2016. ISBN: 978-145148888-3
Lull, Timothy F., and William Russell, editors. Martin Luther’s Basic Theological Writings. Third edition. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 2005. ISBN: 978-0800698836
Isaac, Gordon. Prayer, Meditation, Spiritual Trial: Luther’s Account of Life in the Spirit. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers, 2017. ISBN: 978-1-68307-018-4
Mattes, Mark. Martin Luther’s Theology of Beauty: An Reappraisal. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2017. ISBN: 9780801098376
Schedule of Classes: (subject to change*)
Session 1 About Reading Luther Luther’s entire theology in one hour Luther’s Life, Times, and Development Discussion of Kittelson; 95 Theses, Luther’s Theology of the Cross.
2 Luther’s Decisive Turn to Reform The Freedom of a Christian. The Babylonian Captivity of the Church, To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation Concerning the Reform of the Christian Estate
3 Luther’s Decisive Turn to Reform, continued
4 Luther on Scripture “Concerning the Letter and the Spirit,” A Brief Instruction on What to Look for and Expect in the Gospels,” “Preface to the Epistle of St. Paul to the Romans,” Preface to the New Testament,” “Preface to the Old Testament,” “How Christians Should Regard Moses” Lull, 53-115.
5 Luther on Gospel “Two Kinds of Righteousness,” “A Sermon on the Three Kinds of Good Life for the Instruction of Consciences,” “A Meditation on Christ’s Passion,” “The Estate of Marriage,” “The Bondage of the Will,” “Sermon on the Afternoon of Christmas Day,” “Against the Antinomians,” Lull, 119-181
6 Luther on the Gospel, continued 7 Luther on Sacraments “The Blessed Sacrament of the Holy and True Body of Christ, 1519,” “The Babylonian Captivity of the Church – part I,” “The Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ – Against the Fanatics,” “Concerning Rebaptism,” “Confession concerning Christ’s Supper, Parts I and III,” “The Marburg Articles,” Lull, 185-285
8 Luther on Reform “Eight Sermons at Wittenberg,” “Concerning the Order of Public Worship,” “An Order of Mass and Communion for the Church at Wittenberg,” The Small Catechism,” The Smalcald Articles,” “On the Councils and the Church” Lull, 289-383
9 Luther on Ethics “A Sermon on the Estate of Marriage,” “A Sermon on Preparing to Die,” “Temporal Authority: To What Extent It Should be Obeyed,” “To the Councilmen of All Cities in Germany That they Establish Schools,” “Whether One May Flee From a Deadly Plague,” “Whether Soldiers Too Can Be Saved,” “An Ordinance of the Common Chest” Lull, 387-487
10 Luther on the Christian Life, or, Luther’s Spirituality
Luther on the Three Rules: Luther on Prayer Luther on Meditation Luther on Spiritual Trial Isaac, 1-177. Mattes on Beauty: Select chapters
11 Luther on the Christian Life, continued
A Short Selected Bibliography: (Useful in researching your paper topic)
Althaus, Paul. The Theology of Martin Luther. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1966.
______. The Ethics of Martin Luther. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1972.
Bagchi, David V. N. Luther’s Earliest Opponents: Catholic Controversialists 1518-1525. Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, 1991. Bayer, Oswald. Martin Luther’s Theology: A Contemporary Interpretation. Translated by Thomas H. Trapp. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2008.
Bornkamm, Heinrich. Luther and the Old Testament. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1969.
Boyle, Marjorie O’Rourke. Rhetoric and Reform: Erasmus’ Civil Dispute with Luther. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1983.
Braaten, Carl and Robert W. Jenson editors. Union With Christ: The New Finnish Interpretation of Luther. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1998.
Brecht, Martin. Martin Luther: His Road to Reformation 1483-1521. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1985.
______. Martin Luther: Shaping and Defining the Reformation 1521-32. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1990.
______. Martin Luther: The Preservation of the Church 1532-46. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1993.
Christiansen, Carl C. Art and the Reformation in Germany. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 1979.
Cornette, James C. Jr. Proverbs and Proverbial Expressions in the German Works of Martin Luther. Wolfgang Mieder and Dorothee Racette, editors. Bern: Peter Lang, 1997.
Cummings, Brian. The Literary Culture of the Reformation: Grammar and Grace. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
Ebeling, Gerhard. Luther: An Introduction to his Thought. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1970.
Forde, Gerhard. The Law-Gospel Debate. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1969.
______. “The Lutheran View,” In Christian Spirituality: Five Views of Sanctification. Donald L. Alexander, editor. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1988.
______. Where God Meets Man: Luther’s Approach to the Gospel. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1972.
______. On Being A Theologian of The Cross: Reflections on Luther’s Heidelberg Disputation, 1518. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1997.
Gerrish, Brian. Grace and Reason: A Study in the theology of Luther. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1962. Gritsch, Eric W. Martin Luther: God’s Court Jester: Luther in Retrospect. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1983.
______. Martin Luther’s Anti-Semitism: Against His Better Judgment. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2012.
Hagen, Kenneth. A Theology of Testament in the Young Luther: “The Lectures on Hebrews.” Studies in Medieval and Reformation Thought, Volume 12. Leiden: E.J.Brill, 1974.
______. Luther’s Approach to Scripture as seen in his “Commentaries” on Galatians 1519- 1538. Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck) Tübingen, 1993.
Hamm, Berndt. The Early Luther: Stages in a Reformation Reorientation. Lutheran Quarterly Books. Minneapolis: Fortress Books, 2017.
Helmer, Christine editor. The Global Luther: A Theologian for Modern Times. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2009.
Jüngel, Eberhard. The Freedom of a Christian: Luther’s Significance for Contemporary Theology. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1988.
Kolb, Robert. Martin Luther as Prophet, Teacher, and Hero: Images of the Reformer, 1520- 1620. Texts & Studies in Reformation & Post-Reformation Thought. A Labyrinth Book. Baker Books and Paternoster Press, 1999.
______. Luther and the Stories of God: Biblical Narratives as a Foundation for Christian Living. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2012.
Kolb, Robert. Martin Luther Confessor of the Faith. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. ISBN: 978-0-19-920894-4
Kolb, Robert, Irene Dingel and L’Ubomir Batka editors. Oxford Handbook on Luther’s Theology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
Lehmann, Martin. Luther and Prayer. Milwaukee: Northwestern, 1985.
Leroux, Neil R. Luther’s Rhetoric. Saint Louis: Concordia Academic Press, 1999.
Lienhard, Marc. Luther: Witness to Jesus Christ: Stages and Themes of the Reformer’s Christology. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1982.
Lindhardt, Jan. Martin Luther: Knowledge and Mediation in the Renaissance. Texts and Studies in Religion, Volume 29. Lewiston, New York: The Edwin Mellon Press, 1986. Loewenich, Walter von. Luther’s Theology of the Cross. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1976.
Lohse, Bernhard. Martin Luther: An Introduction to His Life and Work. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1986.
______. Martin Luther’s Theology: Its Historical and Systematic Development. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1999.
Luther, Martin. Letters of Spiritual Counsel. Edited by Theodore Tappert. Library of Christian Classics, Vol. 18. London: SCM Press, 1955; reprinted Vancouver: Regent Press, 2000.
Mannerma, Tuomo. Christ Present in Faith: Luther’s View of Justification. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2004.
Mattes, Mark C. Martin Luther’s Theology of Beauty: A Reappraisal. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2017.
Michalski, Sergiiusz. The Reformation and the Visual Arts: The Protestant Image Question in Western and Eastern Europe. London: Routledge, 1993.
Oberman, Heiko. The Dawn of the Reformation: essays in late medieval and early Reformation thought. Grand Rapids: Wm B. Eerdmans, 1992.
______. The Impact of the Reformation. Grand Rapids: Wm B. Eerdmans, 1994.
______. The Reformation: Roots and Ramifications. Grand Rapids: Wm B. Eerdmans, 1994.
______. The Roots of Anti-Semitism in the Age of Renaissance and Reformation. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1983.
Ozment, Steven. The Reformation in the Cities. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1975.
Prenter, Regin. Spiritus Creator: Luther’s Concept of the Holy Spirit. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1953.
Rupp, Gordon. Luther’s Progress to the Diet of Worms. New York: Harper and Row, 1964.
Russell, William R. The Schmalkald Articles: Luther’s Theological Testament. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1995.
Sasse, Herman. This Is My Body: Luther’s Contention for the Real Presence in the Sacrament of the Altar. Minneapolis: Augsburg, 1959. Revised edition 1977.
Strauss, Gerald. Luther’s House of Learning: Indoctrination of the Young in the German Reformation. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1978. Steinmetz, David. Luther in Context. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1986.
Stjerna, Kirsi I. and Brooks Schramm editors. Encounters with Luther: New Directions for Critical Studies. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2016.
Trigg, Jonathan. Baptism in the Theology of Martin Luther. Volume 56 in Studies in the History of Christian Thought, ed. Heiko A. Oberman. Leiden and New York: E. J. Brill, 1994.
Vainio, Olli-Pekka. Engaging Luther: A (New) Theological Assessment. Eugene, OR: Cascade Books, 2010.
Vilmos, Vajta. Luther On Worship. Philadelphia: Muhlenburg Press, 1954.
Wengert. Timothy. Martin Luther’s Catechisms: Forming the Faith. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2009.
______. Reading the Bible with Luther: An Introductory Guide. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2013.
Wengert, Timothy, Editor. The Pastoral Luther: Essays on Martin Luther’s Practical Theology. Lutheran Quarterly Books. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 2009.
Wisloff, Carl. The Gift of Communion. Minneapolis: Augsburg, 1964.
Articles
Apel, Dean. “Luther as Missiologian to the Jews.” Dialog, 35 (1996):
Baldwin, John T. “Luther’s Eschatological Appraisal of the Turkish Threat in Eine Heerpredigt Wider Den Turken,” Andrews University Seminary Studies, 33/2 (Autumn, 1995): 185- 202.
Gaebler, Mary. “Luther on the Self.” Journal of Christian Ethics 22/1 (2001):126.
Hall, Fred. “Martin Luther’s Theology of Last Things.” In Looking Into the Future. David W. Baker editor. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2001. 124-43.
Hendrix, Scott. “Luther on Marriage.” Lutheran Quarterly, 14 (Autumn 2000): 335-50.
Hillerbrand, Hans. “Martin Luther and the Jews.” In Shared Ground Among Jews and Christians: A Series of Explorations. Edited by James H. Charlesworth. Vol. 1 New York: Crossroad, 1990. 127-50. Isaac, Gordon. “The Finnish School of Luther Interpretation: Trajectories and Responses,” Concordia Theological Quarterly, 76 (July/October 2012): 251-268.
Ji, Won Yong. “The Significance of Tentatio in Luther’s Spirituality.” Concordia Journal, 15 (April 1989): 181-8.
Johnson, James Turner. “Aquinas and Luther on War and Peace.” Journal of Religion and Ethics, 30/1 (2003): 3-20.
Kolb, Robert. “God Kills to Make Alive: Romans 6 and Luther’s Understanding of Justification (1535).” Lutheran Quarterly, 12 (Spring 1998): 33-56.
______. “’What Benefit Does the Soul Receive from a Handful of Water?’: Luther’s Preaching on Baptism, 1528-1539.” Concordia Journal 25 (October 1999): 346-63.
Lindberg, Carter. “Eschatology and Fanaticism in the Reformation Era: Luther and the Anabaptists.” Concordia Theological Quarterly, 64/4 (2000): 259-78.
Marquart, Kurt E. “Luther and Theosis,” Concordia Theological Quarterly, 64 (July, 2000): 182-205.
Marshall, Bruce. “Justification as Declaration and Deification.” International Journal of Systematic Theology 4/1 (2002): 1-17.
Matheson, Peter Clarkson. “Luther and Hitler: A Controversy Revisited.” Journal of Ecumenical Studies. Vol. 17, 1980.
Oberman, Heiko. “Teufelsdreck: Eschatology and Scatology in the ‘Old’ Luther.” Sixteenth- Century Journal, 19/3 (1988): 435-50.
Peura, Simo. “Christus Praesentissimus: The Issue of Luther’s Thought in the Lutheran- Orthodox Dialogue.” Pro Ecclesia 2 (Summer 1993): 364-71.
Possett, Franz. “’Deification’ in the German Spirituality of the Late Middle Ages and in Luther: An Ecumenical Historical Perspective.” Archiv For Reformation History, 83/84 (1992- 3): 103-25.
Rupp, Gordon. “Luther Against the Turk, the Pope, and the Devil,” in The Seven Headed Luther. Peter Newman Brooks, editor. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1983.
Scaer, David P. “The Concept of Anfechtung in Luther’s Thought.” Concordia Theological Quarterly, 47 (January 1983):15-30.
Schulze, Manfred. “Martin Luther and the Church Fathers.” The Reception of the Church Fathers in the West. Irena Backus editor. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1996. 609-36. Schwarz, Hans. “Luther’s Understanding of Heaven and Hell.” In Interpreting Luther’s Legacy. Fred W. Meuser and Stanley D. Schneider, editors. Minneapolis: Augsburg, 1969. 83- 94.
Strohl, Jane. “Luther and the Word of Consolation.” Lutheran Theological Seminary Bulletin, 67/1 (1987): 21-31.
Thompson, Fred P. Jr. “Luther’s Doctrine of Baptism.” Encounter 32 (Autumn 1971): 298-318.
Tranvik, Mark D. “Luther on Baptism.” Lutheran Quarterly 13 (Spring 1999): 75-90.
Vallee, Gerard. “Luther and Monastic Theology: Notes on Anfechtung and Compunctio,” Archiv fur Reformationsgeschichte 75 (1984): 290-97.
Vogel, Winfried. “The Eschatological Theology of Martin Luther: Part I: Luther’s Basic Concepts.” Andrews University Seminary Studies, 24/3 (1986): 249-64.
______. “The Eschatological Theology of Martin Luther: Part II Luther’s Exposition of Daniel and Revelation.” Andrews University Seminary Studies, 25/2 (1987): 183-99.
Wolf, Ernst. “The Law of Nature in Thomas Aquinas and Luther.” In Faith and Action. H. H. Schrey, editor. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd, 1970. 236-68.
Zeitlow, Paul H. “Martin Luther’s Arguments for Infant Baptism.” Concordia Journal 20 (April 1994): 147-71.
Internet Resources: www.iclnet.org Project Wittenberg is home to works by and about Martin Luther and other Lutherans www.wittenberg.de Lutherstadt Wittenberg with a virtual tour of the city, Castle church, museum, and brief biographies of Reformation characters. www.luthersem.edu/library/homerbr.htm The Homepage for the Lutheran Brotherhood Foundation Reformation Library. Other links will connect you to libraries, etc. . .
Assignments
Questions on the Books
Kittelson
Luther the Reformer: The Story of the Man and His Career Chapter one 1. What is Luther’s birthdate and birth year? 2. What job did Luther’s father have? How successful was he? 3. Give three examples of how life as hard in the late-fi eenth and early-sixteenth centuries. 4. What language did Luther learn well in school? Why that language? 5. What spiritual benefit did pilgrimages offer? 6. What is the symbolism of the “sword” and the “lily”? 7. What spiritual benefit did confession offer? 8. Did Luther like to have fun when he was a student?
Chapter two 1. Why was Luther’s father disappointed that Luther became a monk? 2. Luther was an observant Augus nian. What were the Observant Augus nians known for? 3. What happened to the bread and wine in communion when the priest u ered the words, hoc est corpus meum? 4. What does it mean to say that the mass effec ve ex opera operato? 5. Name two ways that Luther was “asce c” as a monk. 6. How did Luther experience Anfechtung? 7. Why did Luther travel to Rome? 8. Why was Luther disappointed with the spiritual life in Rome? Chapter three 1. Who was the most important theologian that Luther studied? 2. What does Via Moderna mean? 3. Why did Luther believe that love of self lay behind almost every human deed. How was that a problem for the goodness of works of merit? 4. Was does synteresis mean? 5. How was the theology that Luther was taught considered a “contract”? 6. What did Tauler think of external, religious du es? 7. What image did Erasmus use to describe the Chris an life? 8. Did Luther believe that he was successful as a monk? Chapter four 1. How did Staupitz help Luther? 2. What was the highest academic degree that Luther earned? 3. What books of the Bible did Luther lecture on in early years? 4. What was the young Luther compelled to discover? 5. How did Luther’s view of righteousness evolve? 6. What makes a theologian for Luther? What do you think he means? 7. What did synteresis mean for the early Luther? 8. Why did he reject the doctrine of synteresis? 9. Does that rejec on leave much op mism for humans’ ability to have or enjoy God? 10. What does man curved in on himself mean? Why is it a problem for Luther? 11. Who works to make humans humble? How does he do that? 12. Is faith a human undertaking for Luther? 13. How does Christ make sinners righteous? 14. How, then, are humans just for Luther (p. 57)? 15. What is Luther’s two-fold convic on that bears on peace? 16. What does it mean to be both sinful and righteous at the same me? Chapter five 1. What could a plenary or full indulgence do? 2. Who was Tetzel? 3. What did Albrecht of Mainz want? 4. How did Luther ruin Tetzel’s mission? 5. Did Luther intend an upheaval with his 95 Theses? 6. What contribu on did Melanchthon bring to the University of Wi enberg? 7. What did Luther say about “free will” in the Heidelberg Disputa on? Chapter six 1. Why was Frederick the Wise sympathe c with Luther? 2. How did the Church see Luther as undermining the Church’s authority? 3. How does Luther’s view of the “simultaneously saint and sinner” alter concep ons of spiritual progress? 4. Can good deeds or spiritual exercises add anything to faith for Luther? 5. How did the interviews with Cardinal Cajetan go? 6. Why did Staupitz release Luther from his monas c vows? 7. For Luther how are indulgences actually granted? Chapter seven 1. Who is Spala n? 2. What is meant by “elector”? 3. What did Mil z hope to accomplish? 4. How would you describe “jus fica on” by faith in your own words? 5. Did Eck do a good job at the Leipzig debate? 6. Why was Luther compared to Hus? Chapter eight 1. What did bap sm mean for Luther? 2. How did Luther look at the Mass? 3. What did Exsurge Domine do? 4. What did Luther ask of the German noblemen? 5. What was the Babylonian Cap vity of the Church? 6. What are Luther’s two proposi ons about Chris an freedom? 7. What happened at the Diet of Worms Chapter nine 1. What did Luther do at the Wartburg? 2. How does Luther respond to Latomus? 3. Did Luther seek far-reaching changes with the mass? 4. Is a monk or nun required to keep monas c vows? Chapter ten 1. What did the Invocavit Sermons do? 2. Why was Melanchthon important? 3. Why was Bugenhagen important? 4. What is meant by Two Kingdoms? 5. How did Müntzer view reform? 6. How did Luther feel about the Peasant’s War? Chapter eleven 1. Why was Christ’s real presence in the Lord’s Supper so important to Luther? 2. Why did Luther get married? 3. How did Luther and Erasmus disagree over the free or bound will? 4. Did Luther’s Anfechtung totally go away? Chapter twelve 1. What were the Saxon visita ons? 2. What was the Catechism? 3. What was the Marburg Colloquy all about? 4. Was concord among the Protestants reached? Chapter thirteen 1. What was the Augsburg Confession all about? 2. What was the great divide? Chapter fourteen 1. How did Anabap sts differ from Luther? 2. What was Luther’s Great Commentary on Gala ans? Chapter fifteen 1. Should Chris ans do good works? 2. What was the mission of Vergerio? 3. Why did the Pope want a General Council? Chapter sixteen 1. What was the An nomian Controvers? 2. What was Luther’s a tude about the Jews? 3. What was the Regensburg Colloquy? Chapter seventeen 1. What was Luther’s last words?
Gordon Isaac Prayer, Meditation and Spiritual Trial
Chapter 1 1. What are the three rules? 2. In a few sentences describe the theology of the cross. 3. How does spiritual trial connect with the theology of the cross? Chapter 2 1. Why doesn’t Luther begin with advice about the Chris an life? 2. What reasons does Luther give for why to pray? 3. Name something you find interes ng about Luther on the Lord’s Prayer. 4. What is the role of the Spirit in prayer? Chapter 3 1. What was Staupitz’s influence on Luther? 2. What are the three powers of faith in the Freedom of a Chris an? 3. How is Christ both gi and example? Chapter 4 1. What were some of Luther’s spiritual trials? 2. Name some ways that Luther dealt with spiritual trial in his preaching. Chapter 5 1. How is a Chris an a pilgrim for Luther? 2. How does Luther alter Dionysian language of ascent?
Mattes
Luther’s Theology of Beauty
Chapter 3 1. How is sin related to mistrust? 2. What are the two kinds of righteousness? 3. How is God good for Luther? Chapter 4 1. What do you find interes ng about medieval views of beauty? 2. How is a theology of beauty related to the theology of the cross? Chapter 5 1. How is Christ beauty in Luther’s 1530 Psalms lectures? 2. How is beauty presented in the Lectures on Genesis? Chapter 6 and 7 1. What take away do you have from chapter 6? 2. What take away do you have from chapter 7? Chapter 9 1. Comment on one of the bullets on pages 187-189
Map Assignment:
Develop a map of Europe with proportions as best as you can (doesn’t have to be perfect) and list each of these places along with a few words of how they were important to the Reformation: Eisleben, Erfurt, Mansfeld, Eisenach, Wartburg Castle, Rome, Augsburg, Worms, Torgau, Speyer, Marburg, Coburg, Wittenberg, Mainz, Trent, Paris, London, Strasbourg, and Heidelberg.
Read the following article: https://www.actmindfully.com.au/upimages/Dr_Russ_Harris_- _A_Non-technical_Overview_of_ACT.pdf Write 2-3 page reflection on the similarities and differences between ACT and Luther’s theology.