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Agrarian Land Use Transformation in Northern Laos

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Agrarian Land Use Transformation in Northern Laos Agrarian land use transformation in Northern Laos Sithong Thongmanivong and Khamla Phanvilay, Faculty of Forestry Yayoi Fujita, LSUAFRP Jefferson Fox, East West Center Sustainable Sloping Lands and Watershed Management Workshop Luang Prabang, December 2006 Presentation outlines • Objectives of the study • Research question and Methodologies • Main findings • Discussion and future considerations for research Objectives • Understand the impact of land use change on local resource tenure and local livelihood • Investigate driving forces (i.e. government policies, population, economy) Study Area China Myanmar China Vietnam Louang Namtha Myanmar Laos Bokeo Province Thailand Thailand Cambodia Background: northern Laos • High poverty incidence among rural population • Transition from subsistence to market economy • Integration to regional economies Background: northern Laos • Implementation of government policies on – Land and forest allocation – shifting cultivation – Opium abolition Research questions • What is the current land use pattern along the new Economic Corridor? • How does demographic change affect natural resources and land use? • What are the driving forces of farmer’s decisions on land use and farming system? Research method • Spatial analysis – Demographic change – Land use change • Policy review • Village land use history • Village and household survey (i.e. cognitive mapping, interviews) Data collection • Spatial data: Landsat, Aster, DEM, village location, Census data • Agricultural statistic (e.g. NSC, MAF, PAFO, DAFEO) • Village and household interviews • Cognitive maps on factors that lead to planting rubber Preliminary findings Demographic change Sing District Ethnic distribution Sing District Ethnic 1995 Ethnic 2005 ETHNIC GROUP OTHER FEATURES Akha Dam, Phunoi Hmong Khmu District boundary µ Leu Lue, Nua Nua Mi en Road network Mekong River 010205KM Demographic change Viengphoukha District Population 1995 Population 2005 POPULATION OTHER FEATURES National high way > 1000 µ < 200 201 - 500 501 - 1000 Di stri ct boundary Road network 010205kM Ethnic distribution Viengphoukha District Ethnic 1995 Ethnic 2005 ETHNIC OTHER FEATURES Khmu Yang Hmong Kui District boundary National high way µ Akha Khmu and Kui Road network Leu Mi x Leu and Kui 010205kM Forestcover change Sing District 80 70 60 50 40 % of calculated area % 30 20 10 0 1973 1986 1988 1991 1992 1993 1999 2000 2004 Forest Non-forest Landuse change Sing District Landuse 2000 Landuse 2005 Legend Legend Forest Forest Grass land Grass land Lowland agriculture Lowland agriculture Secondary forest Secondary forest Upland agriculture Upland agriculture Water Water District centre District centre District boundary District boundary 06123Km µ 06123Km µ Landuse Change 1400 1200 1000 Forest dense 800 Secondary forest Grass and shrubs Thousands Thousands 600 Upland agriculture 400 Lowland agriculture 200 0 E TM+ 2000 Aster 2005 Area of rice production Unit: ha 16 14 12 1985 10 1990 8 1995 2000 Thousands 6 2004 4 2 0 Luang Namtha Bokeo Luang Namtha Bokeo Paddy rice Upland rice Maize and sugarcane production Unit: ton 80 70 60 1985 50 1990 Thousands 40 1995 30 2000 2003 20 10 0 Luang Namtha Bokeo Luang Namtha Bokeo Maize S ugarcane Rubber plantation [ ha ] 25 20 Thousands 15 Existing P lan to 2010 10 5 0 Luang Namtha Bokeo Discussion: observed trend • Concentration of population along the road in lower elevation • Conversion of swidden and fallow forest to permanent agricultural land • Increased privatization of resources, and competition over land • From multiple livelihood options to selecting key livelihood activities Challenges for future research • Impact of agricultural commercialization in uplands on forest and watershed • Impact of agricultural commercialization and privatization of land on communal resource management practice • Changing patterns of livelihood basis • Gaps of information and policy implementation • Cross border trade issues Thanks for your kind attention.
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