DOCSLIB.ORG

Remembering Mahatma Gandhi: Account for That Situation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Remembering Mahatma Gandhi: Account for That Situation CNA has Shin Corp- JVP, SLFP significance Temasek deal: 2 and UNP 3 A closer look beyond talks Wednesday 11th October, 2006 by Banda de Silva popular personality among the Sinhalese refugee in the Buddhist temple in the vil- — Indee nidahasata diva-rae karati aro A. J. Wilson’s book Sri Lankan Tamil villagers in the areas more exposed to lage, Sri Subhadharamaya. They includ- It was a rather long dialogue and I Nationalism. That is the culture that ournalist Balachandran wrote last information in the country.Even in the ed Ven. Manjusri, (later Manjusri the cannot remember all the lines now. Ven. Tamil Nadu leaders wish to see contin- year that Gandhi was a forgotten outback of the NCP and Wanni jungles artist), the Tibetan monk, Ven. S. Mahinda later came out with the follow- ued for their own reasons and not Jfactor among the Sinhalese while people thronged along the railway track Mahinda, (I remember serving “dane” to ing indictment on the Sinhalese: Gandhian principles any more. So does his name lingered among the Tamils. As to gain a glimpse of this great Indian both of them at the temple), Is mola tiyeddit me bava notakanne.... New Delhi, which gives the nod to Tamil I recall, that was shortly after Dr. leader and humanist when he visited Sri Chandraratna Manwasinghe and Aes gedi dekata hena gehilada Nadu for its own reasons. In this sce- Radhika Coomarasawamy delivered the Lanka and travelled to Jaffna. How did Somaweera Chandrasiri. Sinhalunne... nario where does Mahatma stand? Gandhi memorial lecture on 2nd October that image disappear? Ven. Manjusri and Ven. Batapola Sri (Have the brains of the Sinhalese Looking for a more fundamental rea- 2005, i.e., an year ago from today as I What was the attraction in Gandhi’s Anomadassi, when they later went on a been attacked by a thunder bolt that they son to answer this question, I wondered if write this piece. On that day I added a action for the Sinhala speaking Sri long journey copying temple murals are not reflecting on these while their it was because unlike in India where non- paragraph to my unfinished story on Lankan middle class elements those starting with temples down-south, were heads are clear enough!) tolerance, inequality and himsa (violence) Mahatma Gandhi to say that the days? Not his ahimsa, I think; stopped on the way several times on the had been part of institutionalised system Gandhi memory was still held but the suspicion that they were Japanese spices. Erosion of Gandhi image of caste, religious ritual, and sacrifice, among a small circle as seen from Their binoculars were Coming to Dr. Gopal’s question, if my including human sacrifice, Sati, Gandhi’s the commemorative lecture. Very (imagined?) perception of the lack of ideas of tolerance and ahimsa came to recently, writing over India’s response from my countrymen have a special appeal, while in Sri Lanka acquisition of nuclear teeth and (the where these tenets were not novel to the her race to join the nuclear club, Buddhist way of life, being part I remarked that after “Buddha of their Smiled” over the dessert of everyday Pokhran Mahatma Gandhi life for became a forgotten factor even nearly two in India as far as his principles millennia. were concerned, and his mem- That ques- ory was confined only to com- tion remains memorative occasions. Those to be further Gandhian principles are no explored. more in accord with India’s Reflecting big power status. Even those on more big time Indian slogans like story recent events, “Unity in Diversity” cannot did India’s own hide that situation. attitude I began writing my towards Sri piece many years back. It Lanka ever remained dated. Yes. It has since the been pricking my con- Independence of science for over twenty both countries, three years. That was have a hand in when Dr. Sarvapalli marginalising Gopal, whose association Gandhi’s impact? I was privileged to culti- In other words, vate from the mid 1970s did India’s big asked me in April 1983 brother treatment when we met again in of Sri Lanka over New Delhi at the the vexed issue of International House Indians in Sri one morning at the Lanka, the arms breakfast table, how training of Tamil the film on Gandhi militants in Indian was received in Sri camps, which took Lanka. He was the place in the 1980s and author of a volume other more serious on Mahatma Gandhi events that followed, and was expecting a overshadow the posi- positive response. I tive Gandhi image, could not hide my which had earlier taken embarrassment that root in the country? day not having seen Mahatma Gandhi can- any positive not be thought of in iso- response from the lation. Such reflection elite in Colombo has to be part and parcel though I remem- of Indian thought, atti- ber reading the tudes, treatment of neigh- film advertise- bours etc. If the Gandhi ment columns as image has lost its grip in an old habit, and the island, both among the recalled that the Sinhalese and the Tamils, film was exhibit- it is India alone that has to ed somewhere Remembering Mahatma Gandhi: account for that situation. down at If I have the opportunity Panchikawatta, to meet Dr. Gopal today anyway not in these are some of the reflec- a place where tions I would like to present our elite go. to him. (Will any reader please Enter Kumar Rupasinghe correct me on Now, the next question I this if I am wish to address is how did wrong). I Kumar Ruapsinghe suddenly had seen the come to think of Mahatma islandwide commotion The unfinished Gandhi to write about him in that films like “Exodus” and similar The Island. Dr. Susantha titles created earlier. Even Hindi films spirit of defiance Goonatileke has reminded us attacked far greater interest in the old present in the Satyagraha movement through his new book, days. associated with the salt campaign. That removed and they “Recolonisation: Foreign Funded How is it that the Gandhi film did not was different from the true Gandhian were turned back by British soldiers in NGOs in Sri Lanka” that he was create a sensation? However, I under- spirit that evolved later. Didn’t Gandhi’s the Wellassa jungles but they continued earlier an admirer of (mass stood that the film was serialised over action of defiance re-kindle the spirits of with their mission and even attended a elite) to the Gandhi film is correct, killer) Pol Pot and Soviet dicta- the TV network lately. the Sinhalese who had been brutally sup- secret meeting held in a rubber estate in why did they ignore this film? The film tors! How could he now become an admir- The average Sri Lankan, including pressed by the British over the rebellions Matale where the left leaders who had may have received a different response in er of Mahatma Gandhi? How the wheel the Sinhalese, had not been averse in the of 1818 and 1848 and the Muslim-Sinhala jumped prison met. The meeting was Jaffna. Yes, over there, (there is also a turns? past to Mahatma Gandhi for a conclusion riots? Wasn’t it also an expression of dis- held in a property that William de Silva’s monument at Trincomalee), there is Anyone who read Rupasinghe’s article like what Balachandran arrived at lately. appointment over the complacency of father owned there. admiration for Mahatma, at least for his on Mahatma Gandhi would have discov- During my days in the village, as a young the English speaking Sinhalese leader- Ven. S. Mahinda wrote some of his personality (if not for his message of ered that it is only an alibi to propagate boy I had often heard my parents and ship? This is where my experience of patriotic poetry from the Batapola tem- non-violence and peace), which the new his “anti-war” campaign. It is clear that he teachers sing the old popular Sinhalese anti-imperialist and patriotic spirit that I ple. Even as little children we were excit- generation of Tamils are being taught, is using Mahatma Gandhi’s name to mas- song about Gandhi’s satyagraha and salt witnessed in my village as a boy comes ed by this poetry.I recall Ven. Mahinda although indirectly, to eschew in prefer- querade as a champion of peace and per- march that caused quite a stir among the in. writing a dialogue which he published in ence to the gun-culture, hand grenade haps to muster 100,000 people for his next average people of Sri Lanka of that gen- Around the time of World War II, as a the Sinhala newspaper or a Sinhala jour- and claymore bomb, and where suicide “anti-war” meeting that he promised. eration. The song, as I recall went as fol- little boy I read many patriotic poems nal that became popular in our village. It bombers have become the symbol of the I do not see that his strategy is any bet- lows: that were published in the Sinhala press started with an imagined visitor from day, and paraded publicly and treated as ter than former President J. R. Mahatma... Gandhige... yuddhe... and journals and pamphlets published in India giving a description of what was heroes and martyrs. That is not only by Jayewardene’s claim to be a disciple of anarghay... lunu nisaa... waelle... my village, Batapola, in the Galle taking place in India and asking why Velupillai Prabhakaran and his cohorts Gandhi and one who joined him in Pireela..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Results of Parliamentary General Election - 1947
    RESULTS OF PARLIAMENTARY GENERAL ELECTION - 1947 No. and Name of Electoral District Name of the Elected Candidate Symbol allotted No of No of Total No. of Votes No of Votes Votes Polled including Registered Polled rejected rejected Electors 1 Colombo North George R. de Silva Umbrella 7,501 189 14,928 30,791 Lionel Cooray Elephant 6,130 E.C.H. Fernando Cup 501 A.P. de Zoysa House 429 H.C. Abeywardena Hand 178 2 Colombo Central A.E. Goonasinha Bicycle 23,470 3,489 102,772 55,994 T.B. Jayah Cart Wheel 18,439 Pieter Keuneman Umbrella 15,435 M.H.M. Munas House 8,600 Mrs. Ayisha Rauff Tree 8,486 V.J. Perera Elephant 5,950 V.A. Sugathadasa Lamp 4,898 G.W. Harry de Silva Pair of Scales 4,141 V.A. Kandiah Clock 3,391 S. Sarawanamuttu Chair 2,951 P. Givendrasingha Hand 1,569 K. Dahanayake Cup 997 K. Weeraiah Key 352 K.C.F. Deen Star 345 N.R. Perera Butterfly 259 3 Colombo South R. A. de Mel Key 6,452 149 18,218 31,864 P. Sarawanamuttu Flower 5,812 Bernard Zoysa Chair 3,774 M.G. Mendis Hand 1,936 V.J. Soysa Cup 95 Page 1 of 15 RESULTS OF PARLIAMENTARY GENERAL ELECTION - 1947 No. and Name of Electoral District Name of the Elected Candidate Symbol allotted No of No of Total No. of Votes No of Votes Votes Polled including Registered Polled rejected rejected Electors 4 Wellawatta-Galkissa Colvin R. de Silva Key 11,606 127 21,750 38,664 Gilbert Perera Cart Wheel 4,170 L.V.
    [Show full text]
  • William De Silva... from Page 9
    The Island Features Wednesday 22nd July, 2009 11 gene pool of 55%. The Sri Lankan Tamils are mostly Hindus with a sig- nificant Christian population. Sri Lankan Tamil literature on topics including religion and the sciences flourished during the Medieval Period in the Court of the Jaffna Kingdom. Sri Lankan Tamil dialects are noted for their archaism and retention of words not in everyday use in the Tamil Nadu state in India. Veddahs: The aboriginal Vanniyala-Aetto, or “forest people”, more commonly known as Veddas or Veddahs, are an indigenous people of Sri Lanka. They were never numerous and are now few in num- ber. Sinhala-speaking Veddahs are found primarily in the southeastern part of the country, especially in the vicinity of Bintenne in Uva Province. There are also Sinhala- Like some other speaking Veddas who live in Anuradhapura District in the North peoples of Sri Central Province. Another, largely distinct group, Lanka, the often termed East Coast Veddas, is Sinhalese“ have a found in coastal areas of the “ Eastern Province, mostly between caste-based socie- Batticaloa and Trincomalee. These Veddas speak Tamil as their pri- ty borrowed from mary language. India and with a Their language, usually referred A plantation worker to as ‘Veddah,’ is closely related to complex structure Sinhala, although much of its vocab- ulary (especially terms associated based largely on with the forest and their lifestyle) can not be traced to Sinhala and occupation. may be from an archaic language Marriage partners spoken before the adoption of the Sinhala language. are usually taken Examples include the Wanniyala- One Nation: Aetto word ruhang for friend, while from persons of the Sinhala word is yaluva There are also communities of Wanniyala- the same caste, Aetto who speak Tamil in the East diversity and preferably from Coast.
    [Show full text]
  • Part If.—;Leg*Al and Judicial. PAOR FAOB Passed Ordinances
    Pasib I.—General: Minutes, Proclamations, Appoint* I Past 111.—Provincial Administration, meats, and General Government Notifications. I Part IV.—Land Settlement. , Part II.—Legal and Judicial. | Part V.—Mercantile, Marine, Municipal, Local,.Ac. Separate paging is given tn each Part in ardor that it may he JHed separately. Part If.—;Leg*al and Judicial. PAOR FAOB Passed Ordinances .. .. .. — Notices in Testamentary Aotions . : 177 Draft Ordinances .. .. ..175 Notices in Insolvency Cases .. 182 Norices from Supreme Court Registry .. ., — Notices of Fiscals’ Sales . 183 Notices from Council of Legal Education.. ., 170 Notices from District and Minor Courts .. 188 ✓ Notifications of Criminal Sessions of Supreme Court.. 177 Lists of Artioled Clerks Lists of Jurors and Assessors.. 180 « DRAFT ORDINANCES. MINUTE. The following Draft of a proposed Ordinance is published for general inform ation:— An Ordinance to enable the Chief Justice to be a Member of the Board of Arbitration constituted by a Lease • relating to the Pearl Fisheries on the Coast of Ceylon. ' Preamble. \ i / HEREAS by an indenture of lease dated the Tenth day V V ~of July; 1906, and made between Sir Ernest Edward. Blake, K.C.M.G., Maurice Alexander Cameron, C.M.G., and William Hepworth Meroer, C.M.G., Grown Agents for the Colonies, acting for and on behalf of the Government of Ceylon, of the one part, and The Ceylon Company of Pearl Fishers, Limited, of the other part, it was amongst other things agreed and declared that for the purposes therein mentioned a Board of Arbitration should be constituted consisting of three members, of whom the Chief Justice, or the Acting Chief Justice, for the time being of Ceylon should be o n e : 176 B 1 176 Part II.
    [Show full text]
  • DISAPPEARANCES Disappeared
    This study explores the impact of the ruling elite’s political project through the experiences of 87 relatives of the DISAPPEARANCES DISAPPEARANCES disappeared. It considers how their own A SOCIOLOGICAL EXPLORATION OF A SOCIOLOGICAL EXPLORATION OF political project to re-establish the IN SRI LANKA socio–legal identity of the disappeared was exploited by the political elite and their own communities rendering them socially ostracised. Within this context, DISAPPEARANCES transitional justice mechanisms including prosecutions and social movements were manipulated and IN SRI LANKA politicised along party lines as part of a ritual of conspiracy against the victims to deny state terror and protect those responsible for it. About the author: Jane Thomson-Senanayake, B.A Hons (NSW), Grad Dip (NSW), Grad Cert (New England), M.A (Deakin), PhD (Sydney), is a human rights and social policy researcher. Her academic J research has focused on political ane Thomson-Senanayake violence, enforced disappearances, transitional justice and social restoration in contexts including Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Indonesia and East Timor. She was awarded the Lionel Murphy Postgraduate Scholarship in 2004 and completed her PhD in 2013 at the University of Sydney. Her doctoral research, which explored enforced disapearances over three decades in Sri Lanka and involved extensive fieldwork across eight districts, provided the basis Rs 1000/= Jane Thomson-Senanayake for this publication. Asian Human Rights Commission, Unit 1 & 2 12/F, Hopeful Factory Centre 10-16 Wo Shing Street, Fotan, N.T. ,Hong Kong, China A SOCIOLOGICAL EXPLORATION OF DISAPPEARANCES IN SRI LANKA ''Not even a person, not even a word...'' Jane Thomson-Senanayake ii A sociological exploration of disappearances in Sri Lanka ''Not even a person, not even a word...'' © Jane Thomson-Senanayake 2014 ISBN (Print) : 978-955-4597-04-4 Published by Asian Human Rights Commission Unit 1 & 2 12/F.
    [Show full text]
  • From Free Education to Free Lunches
    The Island Features Monday 19th October, 2009 11 bu Eymard de Silva Wijeyeratne 30.00 (thirty) as a contribution for the cel- that was endowed on them. Halpe, who as our contemporary tra- as long as its limitations are recognised ebration of ‘Teachers Day”. Since it was versed the corridor where the photograph by those who use it. I call it a quasi-sci- here were several interesting arti- thought improper for the teachers to col- The Root of the Problem included in this article was taken, has ence because it is neither a pure science cles published in ‘The Island’ on the lect the money, prefects were asked to do Gunadheera Somapala when he refers this to say about education in Sri Lanka. that relies entirely on deductive inference Tsubject of free education and the so. A girl who had failed to bring the to ‘education bereft of Ethics” and the “Lawrence admired Yeats’ “delight in the nor a physical science where exact pre- invaluable contribution made by Dr. money was reprimanded by a prefect and “rat race to push students through exami- whole man – blood, imagination and intel- diction is possible and controlled labora- C.W.W. Kannangara towards achieving detained for half an hour after school nations” has correctly diagnosed the can- lect running together…Arising from the tory experiments can be performed, with- that end.Dr.B.J.C.Perera’s eulogy on hours. Meanwhile, a Boys’ school, not to cer that lies hidden behind the symptoms. concept of the ‘whole person’ is a view of out causing destruction.
    [Show full text]
  • Xii the Marxists and the Ultra Marxists of Sri Lanka Since Independence
    XII THE MARXISTS AND THE ULTRA MARXISTS OF SRI LANKA SINCE INDEPENDENCE CH.\RLrS S. DLACKTOl'< The Marxists Parties in Sri Lanka's Politics The politics of Ceylon since independence evolved within a British-style parlia- meutary system, reinforced by a tradition of tolerance rooted in Buddhism and Hinduism. In this clim ite of security and semi-consensus, several respected Marxist parties functioned led by able leaders, who have at times defended parliamentary dem );;ra';y ag iiust legislative or executive threats. The revolutionary record of these parties has been slight, and only older members of the Lanka Sarna Samaja Party (L.S.S.P.) ever languished in imperiarist jails and then only during World War n for the little known crime of "rcvolui ionary defeatism". Marxist leadership has come typically from the older elites or wealth, caste. low country Sinhalese stock, private schools and university degrees. Some learned their Mar .xism in the seminars Oj~ British scholars. ;\ certain Fabian restraint curried over in their later practices of politics I Marxist politicians after 1947 confronted Iivc chronic problems in the political struggle. (1) The ell)h':') between parliamentary and revolutionary ~!ratcgy in the effort to gain 0<1 Iional power. (2) The issue of Marxist uuiry between the LSS1) and the Communist Party (3) Frequent secessions by left- wing splinter groups. (4) The ulteruarivcs within parliament. of maintaining Marxist independence as a minor clement of the Opposition, or of collaborating (as minority partners) with the semi-Marxist Sri Lanka Freedom Party as a means of shaping government policies. i. Work, on Marxist Parucs of Ceylon include: Robert N.
    [Show full text]
  • Year Date Photo Event AD 1908 the Local People Set up the Low Country
    www.tamilarangam.net Year Date Photo Event AD The local people set up the Low Country Producers‟ 1908 Association (LCPA), as a counter to the European- controlled Chamber of Commerce. AD The Legislative Council is enlarged to include 1911 “unofficial” Ceylonese members and with it a new platform emerges for the articulation of demands for further participation. With this political advance, the Sinhalese and Tamil elite come together as equal partners on a vague platform of proto-nationalism engendered by class interest and not on the basis of anti-colonialism or a desire for political liberation. Their separate ethnic loyalties and identities are nevertheless held intact but are temporarily subsumed by the desire for political consolidation. The high rising inter-Sinhalese class rivalry contributes to leadership roles falling into the hands of Tamils. As the Karava caste Sinhalese remain economically and politically dominant, the Goygama caste Sinhalese are hell-bent on ending such Karava dominance, at least politically. In the election to the Legislative Council, the Goygama elite support Sir P Ramanathan, against Sir Marcus Fernando, a Karava Sinhalese, and Ramanathan is elected. AD Rioting Sinhalese attack Muslims in the Kandyan areas. 1916 The colonial government, mistaking the Sinhalese- Muslim riots for an insurrection, declares martial law, resorting to repression and imprison Sinhalese political leaders including Sir Don Baron Jayatilaka, Don Stephen Senanayake and W A de Silva. Sir Pon Ramanathan, as a member of the Legislative Council blames the government for over-reacting and successfully obtains their release and lifting of martial law. This strengthens their unity leading to the founding of the Ceylon National Congress (CNC) in 1919.
    [Show full text]
  • RESULTS of PARLIAMENTARY GENERAL ELECTION - 22/03/1965 No of No of Total No
    RESULTS OF PARLIAMENTARY GENERAL ELECTION - 22/03/1965 No of No of Total No. of Votes No of No. and Name of Electoral District Name of the Elected Candidate Symbol allotted Votes Votes Polled including Registered Polled rejected rejected Electors 1 Colombo North V.A. Sugathadasa Elephant 19,875 120 32,049 39,431 Ananda Premasinghe Key 11,884 M.D.C.S. Mendis Omnibus 170 2 Colombo Central Falil Caffoor Chair 68,372 4,638 221,446 93,468 R. Premadasa Elephant 64,438 Pieter Keuneman Star 41,478 M. Haleem Ishak Hand 32,132 P.B. Tampoe Lamp 4,559 D.A. Piyadasa Cart Wheel 2,520 N. Shanmugathasan Umbrella 2,427 O.S.A.Z. Abdeen Flower 332 P. Saravanamuttu Ship 282 R.H. Jayasekera Pair of Scales 268 3 Borella M.H. Mohamed Elephant 14,910 238 28,840 37,542 Vivienne Goonewardene Key 13,218 P. de Z. Sri Gunawardena Cart Wheel 374 D.C. Abeyewardena Umbrella 100 4 Colombo South J.R. Jayawardene Uncontested 57,403 Bernard Soysa Uncontested 5 Wattala D. Shelton Jayasinghe Elephant 17,649 312 32,221 38,456 A.D.J.L. Leo Hand 14,076 D.G.B. Joseph Cart Wheel 184 6 Negombo T. Quintun Fernando Elephant 22,056 188 29,010 37,900 Bernard Kurera Hand 6,766 7 Katana Wijayapala Mendis Elephant 16,469 127 30,405 37,264 Hector Fernando Key 13,682 Santiago Prananda Cart Wheel 127 RESULTS OF PARLIAMENTARY GENERAL ELECTION - 22/03/1965 No of No of Total No. of Votes No of No.
    [Show full text]
  • Nilanthie Lanka Butler-De Silva BA (Hons), LLM (Hons), MBA/Mappfin (Dist)
    ANALYSING THE SRI LANKAN CONFLICT USING MICHAEL MANN’S FOUR-DIMENSIONAL MODEL OF SOCIAL POWER Nilanthie Lanka Butler-de Silva BA (Hons), LLM (Hons), MBA/MAppFin (Dist) Submitted in full requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Division of Research and Commercialisation Queensland University of Technology June 2013 Analysing the Sri Lankan Conflict Using Michael Mann’s Four-Dimensional Model of Social Power KEYWORDS Conflict, Michael Mann, IEMP, Power, Sri Lanka. i Analysing the Sri Lankan Conflict Using Michael Mann’s Four-Dimensional Model of Social Power ABSTRACT This thesis provides an overview of the Sri Lankan internal conflict with a view to identifying some of the factors that contributed to the dispute between the Sri Lankan government and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. The conflict has been variously explained as an ethnic, political or complex conflict involving a number of factors, such as colonialism, ethnicity, religion, economy, politics and globalisation. While appreciating the varied nature of approaches to the issues and the presence of the number of sociological models that are competing in their appeal, this thesis uses the four-dimensional model of social power offered by Michael Mann to understand the causal relationships to explain the conflict in Sri Lanka. It argues that Mann’s theoretical framework helps to highlight some of the interconnected elements that contributed to the conflict. ii Analysing the Sri Lankan Conflict Using Michael Mann’s Four-Dimensional Model of Social Power TABLE OF CONTENTS
    [Show full text]
  • Results of Parliamentary General Election - 1956
    RESULTS OF PARLIAMENTARY GENERAL ELECTION - 1956 No. and Name of Electoral District Name of the Candidate Symbol allotted No of No of Total No. of Votes No of Votes Votes Polled including Registered Polled Rejected Rejected Electors 1 Colombo North Vivienne Goonewardena (Mrs) Key 16,841 127 28,991 43,388 J.C. de Silva Wijeyeratne Elephant 9,489 W.D. de Silva Bicycle 1,305 M.W. Perera Hand 1,229 2 Colombo Central P.G.B. Keuneman Star 45,296 3,901 151,838 70,022 Sir Razik Fareed Umbrella 26,512 M.S. Themis Hand 20,378 M.C. M. Kaleel Cart Wheel 20,338 V.A. Sugathadasa Elephant 18,234 A.E. Goonesingha Bicycle 16,678 A. Ally Mohamood Flower 501 3 Colombo South Bernard Soysa Key 14,199 102 24,046 39,965 T.F. Jayawardene Elephant 9,155 A.P. de Zoysa Hand 590 4 Wellawatta-Galkissa Colvin R. de Silva Key 16,782 124 38,971 56,165 S. de Silva Jayasinghe Elephant 11,806 L.V. Gunaratne Hand 10,259 5 Ja-ela Stanley de Soysa Hand 24,381 205 44,314 61,091 G.J. Paris Perera Elephant 19,132 Don Martin Jayamahamudalige Bicycle 596 RESULTS OF PARLIAMENTARY GENERAL ELECTION - 1956 No. and Name of Electoral District Name of the Candidate Symbol allotted No of No of Total No. of Votes No of Votes Votes Polled including Registered Polled Rejected Rejected Electors 6 Negombo Hector Fernando Key 20,892 277 43,970 67,060 T. Quintin Fernando Elephant 18,212 Tudor B.
    [Show full text]
  • RESULTS of PARLIAMENTARY GENERAL ELECTION - 19/03/1960 Total No
    RESULTS OF PARLIAMENTARY GENERAL ELECTION - 19/03/1960 Total No. and Name Name of the Elected Candidate Symbol allotted No of No of No. of Votes No of of Electoral District Votes Votes Polled including Registered Polled rejected rejected Electors 1 Colombo North V.A.Sugathadasa Elephant 9,446 86 22,687 29,434 Vivienne Goonewardena (Mrs.) Key 8,602 Vincent Siripala Hand 3,149 A.M.G. de Silva Umbrella 1,164 S.E. Nelson Fernando Ladder 188 K.J.S.A. Fernando Eye 52 2 Colombo Central M.C.M. Kaleel Pair of Spectacles 33,121 4,592 178,735 74,922 Pieter Keuneman Star 30,574 R. Premadasa Elephant 29,828 P.B. Thampoe Key 22,228 Sir Razik Fareed Umbrella 21,033 M.S. Themis Cart Wheel 19,093 E.S. Ratnaweera Hand 11,859 Abdul Aziz Tree 4,635 D.J. S. Paranayapa Lamp 414 Vasanta Appadurai Ship 404 Cecil Wickremasinghe Eye 397 A. Kumarasinghe Flower 220 Premaranjan Lokeshvara Table 171 A.A. Mohamed Pot 166 3 Borella R.B. Lenora Elephant 7,261 70 20,627 28,423 W.D. de Silva Hand 5,502 H.A. de S. Gunasekera Key 3,914 M.S. Abu Bakr Cart Wheel 3,748 B.H.S. Jayawardena Eye 7,656 H.L. Perera Pair of Scales RESULTS OF PARLIAMENTARY GENERAL ELECTION - 19/03/1960 Total No. and Name Name of the Elected Candidate Symbol allotted No of No of No. of Votes No of of Electoral District Votes Votes Polled including Registered Polled rejected rejected Electors 4 Colombo South Edmund Samarawickrema Elephant 25,312 984 60,758 42,367 Bernard Soysa Key 16,206 E.
    [Show full text]
  • The Success of Ethnically Based Political Parties: Case of Sri Lanka
    ISSN (Online): 2350-0530 International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH ISSN (Print): 2394-3629 November 2020, Vol 8(11), 153 – 163 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i11.2020.1932 THE SUCCESS OF ETHNICALLY BASED POLITICAL PARTIES: CASE OF SRI LANKA N. Wijegoonawardana *1 *1 Department of History University of Colombo, Sri Lanka DOI: https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i11.2020.1932 Article Type: Research Article ABSTRACT Ethnic identities or policy interests; what influences the Sri Lankan Article Citation: N. voter the most? This analysis will be done providing particular attention to Wijegoonawardana. (2020). THE the case of Sri Lanka. The development in electoral outcomes in Sri Lanka SUCCESS OF ETHNICALLY BASED provides an explicitly clear image of how, particular political parties obtain POLITICAL PARTIES: CASE OF SRI LANKA. International Journal of support from particular ethnic groups and in return serve the interest of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH, particular groups. This study will be based on the results of the 1989 8(11), 153-163. Parliamentary General Election and 2010 Parliamentary General Election https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaa samples, mainly in the North and East constituencies. layah.v8.i11.2020.1932 The Sri Lankan ethnic conflict offers an overview of the role of political parties and political actors in the competitive electoral system in relation Received Date: 06 October 2020 to a conflicting situation. Therefore, this paper will examine as to how, such parties obtain support from particular ethnic groups and thereby Accepted Date: 30 November 2020 safeguard the interest of those groups. Furthermore, this paper will seek to analyze how the, obtaining of moderate support from another ethnic group Keywords: Political Parties provides the best outcome but it is insufficient to divert from the interest Ethnic Voting of the group who provides the greatest support.
    [Show full text]