EBNER-Steel-Industry.Pdf
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Towards Competitive and Clean European Steel
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 5.5.2021 SWD(2021) 353 final COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT Towards competitive and clean European steel Accompanying the Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions Updating the 2020 New Industrial Strategy: Building a stronger Single Market for Europe's recovery {COM(2021) 350 final} - {SWD(2021) 351 final} - {SWD(2021) 352 final} EN EN COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT Towards competitive and clean European steel Accompanying the Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions Updating the 2020 New Industrial Strategy: Building a stronger Single Market for Europe's recovery Contents 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 2 2. The steel industry in Europe and globally .......................................................................... 3 3. The green and digital transition challenge .......................................................................... 7 4. The EU toolbox - towards green, digital and resilient EU steel industry ......................... 12 4.1 Funding and budget programmes .............................................................................. 12 4.1.1 The Recovery and Resilience Facility ........................................................................ 12 -
Society, Materials, and the Environment: the Case of Steel
metals Review Society, Materials, and the Environment: The Case of Steel Jean-Pierre Birat IF Steelman, Moselle, 57280 Semécourt, France; [email protected]; Tel.: +333-8751-1117 Received: 1 February 2020; Accepted: 25 February 2020; Published: 2 March 2020 Abstract: This paper reviews the relationship between the production of steel and the environment as it stands today. It deals with raw material issues (availability, scarcity), energy resources, and generation of by-products, i.e., the circular economy, the anthropogenic iron mine, and the energy transition. The paper also deals with emissions to air (dust, Particulate Matter, heavy metals, Persistant Organics Pollutants), water, and soil, i.e., with toxicity, ecotoxicity, epidemiology, and health issues, but also greenhouse gas emissions, i.e., climate change. The loss of biodiversity is also mentioned. All these topics are analyzed with historical hindsight and the present understanding of their physics and chemistry is discussed, stressing areas where knowledge is still lacking. In the face of all these issues, technological solutions were sought to alleviate their effects: many areas are presently satisfactorily handled (the circular economy—a historical’ practice in the case of steel, energy conservation, air/water/soil emissions) and in line with present environmental regulations; on the other hand, there are important hanging issues, such as the generation of mine tailings (and tailings dam failures), the emissions of greenhouse gases (the steel industry plans to become carbon-neutral by 2050, at least in the EU), and the emission of fine PM, which WHO correlates with premature deaths. Moreover, present regulatory levels of emissions will necessarily become much stricter. -
Elegancy D5.2.5
ACT Project Number: 271498 Project name: ELEGANCY Project full title: Enabling a Low-Carbon Economy via Hydrogen and CCS ERA-Net ACT project Starting date: 2017-08-31 Duration: 36 months D5.2.5 Evaluation of the potential for hydrogen and CCS in the decarbonization of the Dutch steel industry Date: 2020-08-31 Organization name of lead participant for this deliverable: Utrecht University ACT ELEGANCY, Project No 271498, has received funding from DETEC (CH), BMWi (DE), RVO (NL), Gassnova (NO), BEIS (UK), Gassco, Equinor and Total, and is cofunded by the European Commission under the Horizon 2020 programme, ACT Grant Agreement No 691712. Dissemination Level PU Public x CO Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services) Page iii Deliverable number: D5.2.5 Deliverable title: Evaluation of the potential for hydrogen and CCS in the decarbonization of the Dutch steel industry Work package: WP5 Case Studies Lead participant: UU Authors Name Organisation E-mail Lukas Weimann* UU [email protected] Matteo Gazzani UU [email protected] Gert Jan Kramer UU Joep Matser UU Annika Boldrini UU *Mark lead author with asterisk Keywords Integrated steelworks, decarbonization of steel industry, process optimization, Hisarna, electric- arc furnace, carbon capture and storage, hydrogen. Abstract The iron and steel industry accounts for 5 % of worldwide CO2 emissions. With 13 MtCO2eq annually, TATA Steel, which employs the traditional blast furnace – basic oxygen furnace steel making route, is one of the largest single point emitters in the Netherlands (and EU). Given the role of steel in present and future society, decarbonizing the steel industry is of paramount importance for a CO2 net-zero society. -
Life Cycle Assessment of Steel Produced in an Italian Integrated Steel Mill
sustainability Article Life Cycle Assessment of Steel Produced in an Italian Integrated Steel Mill Pietro A. Renzulli *, Bruno Notarnicola, Giuseppe Tassielli, Gabriella Arcese and Rosa Di Capua Ionian Department of Law, Economics and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Lago Maggiore angolo via Ancona, 74121 Taranto, Italy; [email protected] (B.N.); [email protected] (G.T.); [email protected] (G.A.); [email protected] (R.D.C.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-099-7723011 Academic Editors: Alessandro Ruggieri, Samuel Petros Sebhatu and Zenon Foltynowicz Received: 15 June 2016; Accepted: 22 July 2016; Published: 28 July 2016 Abstract: The purpose of this work is to carry out an accurate and extensive environmental analysis of the steel production occurring in in the largest integrated EU steel mill, located in the city of Taranto in southern Italy. The end goal is that of highlighting the steelworks’ main hot spots and identifying potential options for environmental improvement. The development for such an analysis is based on a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of steel production with a cradle to casting plant gate approach that covers the stages from raw material extraction to solid steel slab production. The inventory results have highlighted the large solid waste production, especially in terms of slag, which could be reused in other industries as secondary raw materials. Other reuses, in accordance with the circular economy paradigm, could encompass the energy waste involved in the steelmaking process. The most burdening lifecycle phases are the ones linked to blast furnace and coke oven operations. -
Metals Magazine Innovation and Technology for the Metals Industry
Issue 03 | November 2014 Metals Magazine Innovation and technology for the metals industry Tapping the Hearth Of Innovation World’s Largest HBI Plant under Construction in Texas Five Arvedi ESP Lines for China Mechatronics – A Key Factor for Optimized Plant Performance On course to a bright future. Innovation Publisher: Siemens VAI Metals Technologies GmbH · Metals Magazine is published quarterly. The real challenge is not Turmstrasse 44 · 4031 Linz, Austria © 2014 by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Metals Magazine Team: Dr. Lawrence Gould, Managing Editor; Munich and Berlin. to create something new, Alexander Chavez, Freelance Editor ([email protected]); All rights reserved by the publisher. Allison Chisolm, Freelance Editor ([email protected]); List of registered products: Monika Gollasch, Art Director, Agentur Feedback; ChatterBlock, Connect & Cast, COREX, CTC Caster Technology Consulting, Tina Putzmann-Thoms, Graphic Designer, Agentur Feedback DSR, DYNACS, DynaGap SoftReduction, FAPLAC, FINEX, Gimbal Top, idRHa+, but to create something Publishing house: Agentur Feedback, Munich, IMGS, IT4Metals, KL, KLX, LIQUIROB, LOMAS, MEROS, MORGOIL, MORSHOR, www.agentur-feedback.de NO-TWIST, PLANICIM, SIAS, Si-Filter, SIMELT, SIMETAL, Simetal EAF FAST DRI, Publication date: November 2014 Simetal EAF Quantum, Simetal Gimbal Top, SIMETAL SILOC, SIROLL, SIROLL extraordinary. ChatterBlock, SMART, SmartCrown, SR SERIES, STELMOR, TCOptimizer/ Circulation: 10,000 TCOPTIMIZER, WinLink, X-HI, Xline are registered trademarks of Siemens -
Steel Pickling: a Profile
December 1993 Steel Pickling: A Profile Draft Report Prepared for John Robson U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Cost and Economic Impact Section Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 EPA Contract Number 68-D1-0143 RTI Project Number 35U-5681-58 DR EPA Contract Number RTI Project Number 68-D1-0143 35U-5681-58 DR Steel Pickling: A Profile Draft Report December 1993 Prepared for John Robson U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Cost and Economic Impact Section Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 Prepared by Tyler J. Fox Craig D. Randall David H. Gross Center for Economics Research Research Triangle Institute Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page 1 Introduction .................. 1-1 2 The Supply Side of the Industry ......... 2-1 2.1 Steel Production .............. 2-1 2.2 Steel Pickling .............. 2-3 2.2.1 Hydrochloric Acid Pickling ..... 2-5 2.2.1.1 Continuous Pickling .... 2-8 2.2.1.1.1 Coils ...... 2-8 2.2.1.1.2 Tube, Rod, and Wire ...... 2-9 2.2.1.2 Push-Pull Pickling ..... 2-10 2.2.1.3 Batch Pickling ....... 2-11 2.2.1.4 Emissions from Steel Pickling 2-11 2.2.2 Acid Regeneration of Waste Pickle Liquor .............. 2-12 2.2.2.1 Spray Roaster Regeneration Process .......... 2-13 2.3 Types of Steel .............. 2-14 2.3.1 Carbon Steels ............ 2-15 2.3.2 Alloy Steels ............ 2-15 2.3.3 Stainless Steels .......... 2-15 2.4 Costs of Production ........... -
Laboratory Furnaces and Dryers
CATALOG Laboratory furnaces and dryers Art of heating TABLE OF CONTENTS Our business partners 4 LAC – who we are 5 How to select a furnace 6 Choosing a furnace according to batch processing technology 8 Furnaces for temperatures 120 – 850 °C S – Dryers up to 200 and 300 °C 10 PP – Tempering furnace up to 450, 650 or 850 °C 12 Furnaces for temperatures 650 – 1340 °C PKR - Gas-tight chamber furnace up to 950 and 1100 °C 14 PKRC - Gas-tight chamber furnace with air circulation up to 950 and 1100 °C 16 LZ – Ashing furnace up to 1100 °C 18 LE – Economy laboratory furnace up to 1100 °C 20 L – Universal laboratory furnace up to 1200 °C 22 LMH – Horizontal muffle furnace up to 1200 °C 24 LMV – Vertical muffle furnace up to 1200 °C 26 LG - Gravimetric furnace up to 1200 °C 28 PKE - Hardening furnace up to 1280 °C 30 LT – Tube furnace up to 1300 °C 32 LSP – Five-zone gradient furnace up to 1300 °C 34 LH - Laboratory furnace up to 1340 °C 36 Furnaces for temperatures 1200 – 1800 °C LHS – Laboratory furnace with silit rods for up to 1400 and 1500 °C 38 VP – High-temperature furnace for up to 1600, 1700 and 1800 °C 40 Custom-made furnaces for special applications CHTZ - Small workplace for chemical heat treatment of non-ferrous materials up to 950 °C 42 SKM - Hardening work-station laboratory table up to 1340 °C 43 LH 30 atyp - Hardening furnace up to 1200 °C 44 L 09 atyp - Bottom-loading laboratory chamber furnace up to 1200 °C 45 PKE 25 atyp - Hardening chamber furnace with protective gas supply container up to 1200 °C 46 LT 50 atyp - Tube furnace with programmable servo-drive up to 1300 °C 47 LT 150 and LT 300 atyp - Activating tube furnace with glass retort up to 450 °C 47 LT 90 atyp - Tube furnace for mechanical testing of materials up to 1100 °C 47 Measurement and regulation 48 What (not) to choose – description of accessories 50 OUR PARTNERS 100 NEJLEPŠÍCH ČESKÝCH FIREM ROKU 2015 4 LAC – WHO WE ARE LAC – Who We Are We have over 240 employees and have produced more than 13,000 furnaces and dryers. -
HISTORY of METALLURGY 2Nd Edition
A HISTORY OF METALLURGY 2nd Edition A HISTORY OF METALLURGY Second Edition R. F. Tylecote MANEY FOR THE INSTITUTE OF MATERIALS Book B0789 First published in paperback in 2002 by Maney Publishing 1 Carlton House Terrace London SW1Y 5DB for the Institute of Materials First published in 1976 Reprinted in 1979 2nd edn published 1992 © The Institute of Materials 1992 All rights reserved ISBN 1-902653-79-3 Printed and bound in the UK by Antony Rowe Ltd v Contents Preface to the Second Edition vii Foreword viii Acknowledgements ix Introduction xi 1 Metals and ores in the Neolithic period 1 2 The technique and development of early copper smelting 7 3 The Early Bronze Age 18 4 The Full Bronze Age 35 5 The Early Iron Age 47 6 The Roman Iron Age 62 7 The Migration and medieval period 75 8 Post-medieval metallurgy 95 9 The Industrial Revolution; AD 1720-1850 122 10 More recent times; AD 1850-1950 164 11 The contributions of the scientists 177 Appendixes: 188 Technical Glossary 188 Note on units of weight, stress, and hardness 190 Table of elements 190 Approximate date of start of metal ages 191 Chinese chronology 191 Journals consulted and abbreviations 191 Principal works consulted 193 Maps 1-6 194-198 Subject and name index 199 vii Preface to the Second Edition The first edition was published in 1976 and an enormous increase in the general interest in the subject of archeometallurgy has taken place since then. Much of this relates to the early phases and has been discussed in Proceedings of International Conferences. -
PPT Engineeringcompany Has Been Designing and Developing The
METALLURGY PT Engineering company has been designing and developing the program of electro-hydraulic systems Pin metallurgy ever since 1976, practically since its founding. Since then, until the present day, the company has been constantly improving its design solutions in order to bring them into line with the latest requirements of technology, quality and reliability. Manufacturing of electro-hydraulic systems for process equipment for production of coke in metallurgical plants is the most important segment of PPT Engineering’s presence in metallurgy. Electro-hydraulic systems for coke machines are designed to provide sequential movement of mechanisms on pertaining machines during one work cycle on a coke battery. The task is accurate positioning of cylinders as actuation elements of mechanisms, which are designed for large external loads. The specific feature of electro-hydraulic systems for coke equipment is 20 to 25 individual actuation systems on one machine with central hydraulic suplly, whereby the desired flow and pressure, being the basic parameters of actuation systems, are provided for each mechanism. Electro-hydraulic systems are installed in the following plants: • In cold and hot rolling mills for production and transport of sheet metal, profiles, wire, rods, beams, pipes, elbows etc. (furnaces, traction benches for pipes, winders, shears, presses...) • For blast furnace serving (drilling machine, manipulator and hydrostatic clay gun) • For serving in coke ovens (dosing coaches, coke pusher cars, door extractors, coke guide cars and coke quenching cars and locomotive for hauling wagons for coke quenching) Some of the most importand references are: • Manufacturing of hydraulic blocks for Dave McKoy company, for the requirements of Železara (Ironworks) Smederevo • Manufacturing of complete hydraulic system for roll stand no. -
Turkish Heat Treatment Industry
TURKISH HEAT TREATMENT INDUSTRY İstanbul Chamber of Industry Sectoral Committees in Global Competition, Sector Strategies Project ISBN: 978-605-137-647-9 (Printed) ISBN: 978-605-137-646-2 (Elektronic) ICI Publication No : 2017/5 Certificate No: 19176 Publication: 500 Copies September 2017 İstanbul İstanbul Chamber of Industry Department of Economic Research Meşrutiyet Caddesi No:63 34430 Beyoğlu İstanbul Phone:(0212) 249 50 84 - 293 43 98 (pbx) Fax:(212) 245 32 82 www.iso.org.tr Graphic Design and Application: Bridge Creative Maslak Mahallesi Atatürk Oto Sanayi Sitesi 9. Sokak 2. Kısım Ata İş Merkezi Maslak - İstanbul Phone: (212) 328 00 26 www.bridgecreative.com.tr Publisher: Uniprint Basım Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş. Ömerli köyü, Hadımköy - İstanbul Caddesi No: 159 34555 - İstanbul www.apa.com.tr Phone: (212) 798 2840 All rights reserved by İstanbul Chamber of Industry. Information contained in this publication may be used subject to the condition of referencing. SECTORAL COMMITTEE AND SECTOR REPRESENTATIVES WHO CONTRIBUTED TO THE PREPARATION OF THE REPORT 29. Sectoral Committiess for Group Metal Processing, Forming, Heat Treatment and Coating Industry Koray YAVUZ Chairman of Sectoral Committiees İnsa Isıl İşlem San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti. Abdullah BÖYET Vice Chairman of Sectoral Committiees Akım Metal Sanayi ve Tic. A.S. Bülent TAŞ Member of Sectoral Committiees (Member Of Assembly) Fetaş Metalurji ve Yüzey İşlem Ürünleri San. Tic. Ltd. Şti. Ender YILMAZ Member of Sectoral Committiees (Member Of Assembly) Yılmaz Redüktör San. ve Tic. A.S. Mehmet KURTÖZ Member of Sectoral Committiees (Member Of Assembly) Kurtman Endüstriyel Ürünler İmalat ve Tic. A.S. -
Carbothermic Reduction of Ore-Coal Composite Pellets in a Tall Pellets Bed
minerals Article Carbothermic Reduction of Ore-Coal Composite Pellets in a Tall Pellets Bed Xin Jiang *, Guangen Ding, He Guo, Qiangjian Gao * and Fengman Shen School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; [email protected] (G.D.); [email protected] (H.G.); [email protected] (F.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (X.J.); [email protected] (Q.G.); Tel.: +86-24-83681506 (X.J.); +86-24-83691266 (Q.G.) Received: 19 October 2018; Accepted: 21 November 2018; Published: 27 November 2018 Abstract: Recently, increasing attention has been paid to alternative ironmaking processes due to the desire for sustainable development. Aiming to develop a new direct reduction technology, the paired straight hearth (PSH) furnace process, the carbothermic reduction of ore-coal composite pellets in a tall pellets bed was investigated at the lab-scale in the present work. The experimental results show that, under the present experimental conditions, when the height of the pellets bed is 80 mm (16–18 mm each layer, and 5 layers), the optimal amount of carbon to add is C/O = 0.95. Addition of either more or less carbon does not benefit the production of high quality direct reduced iron (DRI). The longer reduction time (60 min) may result in more molten slag in the top layer of DRI, which does not benefit the actual operation. At 50 min, the metallization degree could be up to 85.24%. When the experiment was performed using 5 layers of pellets (about 80 mm in height) and at 50 min duration, the productivity of metallic iron could reach 55.41 kg-MFe/m2·h (or 75.26 kg-DRI/m2·h). -
The Effect of Retained Austenite on the Distortion in Carburized SAE 8620 Steel
University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor Electronic Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Major Papers 1-1-2005 The effect of retained austenite on the distortion in carburized SAE 8620 steel. Haitao (Lily) He University of Windsor Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd Recommended Citation He, Haitao (Lily), "The effect of retained austenite on the distortion in carburized SAE 8620 steel." (2005). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 7166. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/7166 This online database contains the full-text of PhD dissertations and Masters’ theses of University of Windsor students from 1954 forward. These documents are made available for personal study and research purposes only, in accordance with the Canadian Copyright Act and the Creative Commons license—CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivative Works). Under this license, works must always be attributed to the copyright holder (original author), cannot be used for any commercial purposes, and may not be altered. Any other use would require the permission of the copyright holder. Students may inquire about withdrawing their dissertation and/or thesis from this database. For additional inquiries, please contact the repository administrator via email ([email protected]) or by telephone at 519-253-3000ext. 3208. THE EFFECT OF RETAINED AUSTENITE ON THE DISTORTION IN CARBURIZED SAE 8620 STEEL by Haitao (Lily) He A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research through Engineering Materials