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Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) Ze Senegalských Plaz Ů (Západní Afrika)

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Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) Ze Senegalských Plaz Ů (Západní Afrika) Masarykova univerzita Brno Přírodov ědecká fakulta Ústav botaniky a zoologie Dva nové druhy tasemnic (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) ze senegalských plaz ů (západní Afrika) Mgr. Šárka Mašová Rigorózní práce Brno 2010 Rigorózní práce byla vypracována na Ústavu botaniky a zoologie P řírodov ědecké fakulty Masarykovy univerzity za finan ční podpory grant ů IAA6093404 (Druhová diversita a ekologie vybraných skupin obratlovc ů západní Afriky) a GD526/09/H025 (Evolu čně-ekologická analýza spole čenstev a populací) Grantové agentury Akademie v ěd České republiky a Výzkumným zám ěrem MSM 0021622416 (Diverzita biotických spole čenstev a populací: kauzální analýza variability v prostoru a čase) (2005-2011) financovaném Ministerstvem školství, mládeže a tělovýchovy České republiky. Autorka se rozhodujícím zp ůsobem podílela na zpracování parazitologického materiálu z Afriky, morfometrii, dokumentaci pozorovaných struktur a interpretaci získaných výsledk ů uvedených v této práci. Díl čím zp ůsobem se pak podílela na příprav ě diskuze. Spoluauto ři prof. Ing. Vlastimil Baruš, DrSc. prof. RNDr. František Tenora, DrSc. Doc. RNDr. Petr Koubek, CSc. Brno, zá ří 2010 Mgr.Šárka Mašová Prohlášení školitele Prohlašuji, že rigorózní práce Mgr. Šárky Mašové na téma „Dva nové druhy tasemnic (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) ze senegalských plaz ů západní Afriky“ byla vypracována mimo téma doktorské dizerta ční práce a nebude její sou částí. Brno, 29. zá ří 2010 prof. Ing. Vlastimil Baruš, DrSc. Prohlášení Souhlasím s uložením této rigorózní práce v knihovně Ústavu botaniky a zoologie P řF MU v Brn ě, p řípadn ě v jiné knihovn ě MU, s jejím ve řejným p ůjčováním a využitím pro v ědecké, vzd ělávací nebo jiné ve řejn ě prosp ěšné ú čely, a to za p ředpokladu, že p řevzaté informace budou řádn ě citovány a nebudou využívány komer čně. Brno, 29. zá ří 2010 Mgr. Šárka Mašová Pod ěkování Ráda bych pod ěkovala svému školiteli prof. Ing. Vlastimilu Barušovi, DrSc. za jeho odborné vedení, praktické rady a motivaci k práci i mimo téma mé dizertace. Velice d ěkuji prof. RNDr. Františkovi Tenorovi, DrSc., bez jehož pomoci a cenných rad p ři studiu afrických tasemnic by tato práce nemohla vzniknout. V neposlední řad ě d ěkuji Doc. RNDr. Petru Koubkovi, CSc . za poskytnutí unikátního materiálu ke studiu. Také d ěkuji všem, kte ří mi jakýmkoliv zp ůsobem pomohli p ři zpracování této publikace, kterou p ředkládám jako rigorózní práci. Nemalé pod ěkování pat ří i p říteli Zde ňkovi a mé rodin ě za podporu. ANOTACE Dva nové druhy tasemnic (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) ze senegalských plaz ů (západní Afrika) Předložená rigorózní práce jako studie ve form ě vyšlého článku a manuskriptu p řipraveného k odeslání do redakce p ředstavuje popis dvou nových druh ů tasemnic rodu Oochoristica Lühe, 1898 z čeledi Anoplocephalidae a pod čeledi Linstowiinae. Tyto nové druhy byly nalezeny ve st řevech gekona Tarentola parvicarinata Joger, 1980 a chamelona Chamaeleo senegalensis Daudin, 1802 ve východním Senegalu v národním parku Niokolo Koba. V článcích jsou popsány spole čné rysy, ale i rozdíly, kterými se nové druhy (O. beveridgei n. sp. a O. koubeki n. sp.) liší od ostatních druh ů rodu Oochoristica . Hlavními determina čními znaky jsou po čet varlat, uspo řádání varlat, ší řka a umíst ění cirrového vaku, tvar vaje čník ů, vitellaria a pom ěr délky ku ší řce článku. ANNOTATION Two new anoplocephalid (Cestoda) from Senegal reptiles (West Africa) This thesis presents a study, which describes two new species of tapeworm from genus Oochoristica : O. beveridgei n. sp. and O. koubeki n. sp. (Anoplocephalidae: Linstowiinae). The species were found in the intestines of Tarentola parvicarinata Joger, 1980 (Gekkonidae) and Chamaeleo senegalensis Daudin, 1802 (Chamaeleonidae) in East Senegal (West Africa). Important features for determination and differentiation from similar species are stated. The main features are the location of cirrus sac, number of testes, testes arrangement, width of cirrus sac, shape of ovary and vitellarium and ratio of length to wide of proglottids. Thesis is conceived as two manuscripts. One is already accepted and printed and second one is prepared to sending into redaction. OBSAH 1. CÍL PRÁCE .............................................................................................................................. 8 2. CHARAKTERISTIKA RODU OOCHORISTICA LÜHE, 1898 ............................................. 8 2.1. Systematické za řazení ........................................................................................................ 8 2.2. Morfologická charakteristika ............................................................................................. 9 2.2.1. Základní charakteristika čeledi Anoplocephalidae a pod čeledi Linstowiinae ........... 9 2.2.2. Diagnóza čeledi Anoplocephalidae Cholodkovsky, 1902 (podle Beveridge, 1994) .. 9 2.2.3. Diagnóza pod čeledi Linstowiinae Fuhrmann, 1907 (podle Beveridge, 1994) ........... 9 2.2.4. Diagnóza rodu Oochoristica Lühe, 1898 (podle Beveridge, 1994) .......................... 10 2.3. Biologie tasemnic čeledi Anoplocephalidae se zam ěř ením na rod Oochoristica ........... 10 2.4. Afri čtí zástupci rodu Oochoristica .................................................................................. 11 3. MATERIÁL A METODY ...................................................................................................... 24 3.1. Charakteristika hostitel ů .................................................................................................. 24 3.1.1. Tarentola parvicarinata Joger, 1980 (Gekkonidae) ................................................ 24 3.1.2. Chamaeleo senegalensis Daudin, 1802 .................................................................... 24 3.2. Charakteristika lokality - národního parku Niokolo Koba .............................................. 27 3.3. Odchyt hostitel ů, parazitologická pitva a fixace tasemnic .............................................. 30 3.4. Morfometrie ..................................................................................................................... 30 4. Záv ěr a komentá ř k p ředloženým pracem ............................................................................... 31 5. Použitá literatura ..................................................................................................................... 32 6. Přílohy ..................................................................................................................................... 40 6.1. Příloha č. 1 ....................................................................................................................... 40 6.2. Příloha č. 2 ....................................................................................................................... 46 1. CÍL PRÁCE Cílem této práce bylo provést determinaci a morfologické, morfometrické a taxonomické zhodnocení nález ů senegalských tasemnic rodu Oochoristica Lühe, 1898 z čeledi Anoplocephalidae, porovnat získaný parazitologický materiál z hostitel ů Tarentola parvicarinata Joger (Gekkonidae) a z Chamaeleo senegalensis Daudin (Chamaelenonidae) s publikovanými nálezy tasemnic tohoto rodu z Etiopské zoogeografické oblasti a p řípadn ě popsat dosud neevidované, pro v ědu nové druhy tasemnic. 2. CHARAKTERISTIKA RODU OOCHORISTICA LÜHE, 1898 2.1. Systematické za řazení Systematické uspo řádání a celé názvy taxon ů s autory byly p řevzaty z Mehlhorn (2008): kmen: Platyhelminthes Minot,1876 třída: Cestoda Rudolphi, 1808 podt řída Nephroposticophora Ehlers, 1984 nad řád: Eucestoda Southwell, 1930 řád: Cyclophyllidea van Beneden in Braun, 1900 čele ď: Anoplocephalidae Cholodkovsky, 1902 pod čele ď: Linstowiinae Fuhrmann, 1907 rod: Oochoristica Lühe, 1898 V sou časnosti je známo p řibližn ě 90 druh ů rodu Oochoristica Lühe, 1898 (Bursey et al., 1996; Arizmendi-Espinosa et al., 2005; Guillén-Hernández et al., 2007; Mašová et al., 2010). P řesný po čet lze t ěžko ur čit, protože r ůzní auto ři se liší v uznávání synonym a každým rokem se zvyšuje i po čet popsaných nových druh ů tohoto rodu. V etiopské zoogeografické oblasti bylo doposud popsáno přibližn ě 20 druh ů (Schmidt, 1986; Bursey et al., 1994). T ři z těchto druh ů jsou známy z afrických gekon ů (Mašová, 2010) a 7 z chameleon ů Afriky v četn ě Madagaskaru. Tato rigorózní práce obsahuje popisy dalších dvou nových druh ů. 8 2.2. Morfologická charakteristika 2.2.1. Základní charakteristika čeledi Anoplocephalidae a pod čeledi Linstowiinae Beveridge (1994) popisuje, že o tasemnice čeledi Anoplocephalidae z řádu Cyclophyllidea jsou obvykle charakterizovány nep řítomností rostella a jakékoli formy ozbrojení (nap ř. mají scolex bez há čků). Tento stav je považován za plesiomorfii či primitivní ve srovnání s p říbuznými čeled ěmi, u kterých je ozbrojené rostellum p řítomno (Davaineidae, Didelpidae, Hymenolepidae), i když zde existuje i možnost sekundární ztráty rostella a / nebo jeho ozbrojení. V čeledi Anoplocephalidae jsou rozpoznávány čty ři typy vývoje d ělohy a podle t ěchto typ ů se pak čele ď dělí na do pod čeledí. Pro čele ď Linstowiinae, kam pat ří rod Oochoristica je typické, že jsou vají čka uložena jednotliv ě v parenchymu a vytvá ří takzvané “uterinní” kapsule. Conn (1985) udává, že u člen ů pod čeledi Linstowiinae je uterus efemerní, krátce p řítomný nebo není v ůbec detekovatelný v jakémkoli stádiu vývoje článk ů. Epitel d ělohy vytvá ří tenký vn ější obal okolo jednotlivých vají ček, která jsou jednotliv ě obalena parenchymem článku. 2.2.2.
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