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Etiquetage Ethique ETIQUETAGE ETHIQUE Campagne de sensibilisation au respect des droits de l’homme, grandes distributions. L’Union européenne ne reconnaissant pas la souveraineté d’Israël sur les territoires qu’il occupe depuis juin 1967, de nombreuses législations sont venues régir l’application du droit des Etats membres concernant l’importation des produits issus des territoires occupés. La présente campagne de sensibilisation citoyenne vise à rappeler à chacun des interlocuteurs ses responsabilités dans l’application des législations nationales et européennes en vigueurs. Suivre la campagne : www.lavoixlibre.org/etiquetageethique ETIQUETAGE ETHIQUE Campagne de sensibilisation au respect des droits de l’homme, grandes distributions. I - Législation de l'Union européenne Le 12 novembre 2015, la commission de l'Union Européenne publie dans son journal officiel la communication interprétative [2015/C 375/05 1 ] "relative à l’indication de l’origine des marchandises issues des territoires occupés par Israël depuis juin 1967", dans laquelle l'UE en conformité au droit international rappelle dans l'Art premier : "ne pas reconnaitre la souveraineté d’Israël sur les territoires qu’il occupe depuis le mois de juin 1967, à savoir le plateau du Golan, la bande de Gaza et la Cisjordanie, y compris Jérusalem-Est, et ne considère pas que ceux-ci font partie du territoire d’Israël". La présente communication traduit la lecture de la législation de l’Union, dont l’application des règles en vigueur relève de la responsabilité première des États membres, accordant toutefois à ceux-ci le choix des sanctions en cas de violation du droit de l’Union (Art 3). La commission rappelle dans ledit document les règlements antérieures, l'obligation de mentionner l'origine des produits importés dans l’Union européenne, avec une mention particulière (Art 7) pour les territoires occupés par Israël dont l’indication « produit en Israël » est considérée comme fausse et susceptible d’induire en erreur les consommateurs - voir Art 4 note n*6 : Pour les produits cosmétiques, l’article 19, paragraphe 1, point a), du règlement (CE) no 1223/2009. Pour les fruits et légumes frais, le règlement (UE) no 1308/2013. Pour le poisson, l’article 38 du règlement (UE) no 1379/2013. Pour le vin, l’article 119, paragraphe 1, point e), du règlement (UE) no 1308/2013, et l’article 55 du règlement (CE) no 607/2009. Pour l’huile d’olive, l’article 4 du règlement d’exécution (UE) no 29/2012. Pour le miel, l’article 2, point 4), de la directive 2001/110/CE. 1 Annexe 1 Février 2018 www.lavoixlibre.org 1 II – La législation En France Après de nombreuses questions des parlementaires, le 24 novembre 2016, le Ministère de l’Économie publie un avis 2 destiné aux opérateurs économiques relatif à l'indication de l'origine des marchandises issues des territoires occupés par Israël depuis juin 1967. Dès lors, les grandes distributions ignorants les législations, poursuivent les ventes issues des produits importés des territoires occupés de Cisjordanie et du Golan sous l'étiquetage "produit en d'Israël" La dernière question 3 en date du 30 novembre 2017 au Sénat reste toujours en attente de réponse. Le 24 novembre 2016, le Madame Christine Prunaud attire Ministère de l’Économie publie alors l'attention du Ministère de l'Europe et des affaires étrangères un avis destiné aux opérateurs sur l'indication d'origine des économiques. produits importés d'Israël et propose, à l'exemple de l'Afrique du sud, le Danemark et le Royaume- Uni, l'adoption de « codes de conduite » à destination des distributeurs dans notre pays, afin d'améliorer l'information du consommateur et de la rendre conforme à la législation existante. Toujours en attente de réponse, l'élue demande des précisions sur les engagements que compte prendre le Ministère de l'Europe et des affaires étrangères, pour instaurer une mention exacte sur l'origine des produits en provenance de ces territoires, lors de leur mise sur le marché. La Direction Générale de la Concurrence, de la Consommation et de la Répression des Fraudes (DGCCRF) est l'organisme du Ministère de l'Economie chargé des contrôles d'origines des produits importés en France, secondée par les directions départementales de la protection des populations (DDPP) et les directions départementales de la cohésion sociale et de la protection des populations (DDCSPP). 2 Annexe 2 3 Annexe 3 Février 2018 www.lavoixlibre.org 2 III – Produits issus des territoires occupés Selon l'Avis aux importateurs concernant les importations effectuées en provenance d’Israël à destination de l'UE (2012/C 232/03 4 ), il a été rappelé aux opérateurs en page 5 du JO que : " les marchandises produites dans les colonies de peuplement israéliennes implantées sur les territoires placés sous administration israélienne depuis juin 1967 ne peuvent pas bénéficier du régime tarifaire préférentiel prévu par l’accord d’association UE-Israël " (JO L 147 du 21.6.2000, p. 3.) Depuis le 1er février 2005, un arrangement technique 5 entre l’Union européenne et Israël précise que : " le nom et le code postal de la ville, du village ou de la zone industrielle où a eu lieu la production conférant le caractère originaire à la marchandise doivent figurer sur toutes les preuves de l'origine préférentielle délivrées ou établies en Israël". Une liste des lieux non admissibles 6 qui a été rendue publique et mise à jour au 1er juin 2015, suite au passage du système de codes postaux de 5 chiffres à 7 chiffres. Il est précisé que les boîtes postales ne sont toutefois pas une indication suffisamment fiable de l'endroit où a lieu la production de la marchandise. 4 Annexe 4 5 https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/business/calculation-customs-duties/rules-origin/general-aspects- preferential-origin/euisrael-technical-arrangement_fr Annexe 5 6 https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/sites/taxation/files/resources/documents/customs/customs_duties/rules_orig in/preferential/israel_ta/technical-arrangement_postal-codes.pdf Annexe 6 Février 2018 www.lavoixlibre.org 3 IV – Les colonies Israéliennes La solution défendue pour résoudre le conflit israélo- palestinien, serait la création de deux Etats distincts avec Jérusalem comme capitale commune. Solution à laquelle la France est favorable. Actuellement les territoires occupés de Cisjordanie sont divisés en 3 zones, la C étant sous contrôle total d’Israël, cette zone représente plus de 70% des terres et ressources Cisjordaniens. Elle scinde et asphyxie les zones (A-B) sous contrôle de l’autorité Palestinienne dans lesquelles vivent plus de 80% de la population palestinienne dans les 30% de terres restantes. Illégales au regard du droit international, les quelque 250 colonies israéliennes implantées en Cisjordanie et au Golan, constituent l’un des principaux obstacles aux négociations de paix. Les terres palestiniennes colonisées concentrent la majeure partie des terres cultivables, des réserves en eau et autres ressources naturelles. L’impossibilité pour la Palestine d’y déployer des activités économiques entraîne, selon la Banque mondiale, un manque à gagner d’environ 3,4 milliards de dollars, soit environ 1/3 du PIB palestinien. Paradoxalement à l’occupation un grand nombre de Palestiniens n’ont d’autres solutions que de trouver du travail dans les colonies, principalement dans les secteurs de la construction, de l’agriculture et de l’industrie. Les conséquences des activités économiques des colonies illégales implantées dans les territoires occupés de Cisjordanie et du Golan, en plus de générer 4% de bénéfices au PIB annuel d’Israël et de produire des profits à travers leurs productions ; les implantations d’entreprises étrangères et l’investissement des banques locales et étrangères, ces colonies illégales causent également des déplacements forcés ; des inégalités et discriminations ainsi que l’accaparement des terres et ressources vitales pour les autochtones. Février 2018 www.lavoixlibre.org 4 [ CAMPAGNE ETIQUETAGE ETHIQU E ] DOCUMENTS ANNEXE S [WWW.LAVOIXLIBRE. O R G ] ANNEXE 1 C 375/4 FR Journal officiel de l'Union européenne 12.11.2015 Communication interprétative relative à l’indication de l’origine des marchandises issues des territoires occupés par Israël depuis juin 1967 (2015/C 375/05) 1) Conformément au droit international, l’Union européenne ne reconnaît pas la souveraineté d’Israël sur les territoi­ res qu’il occupe depuis le mois de juin 1967, à savoir le plateau du Golan, la bande de Gaza et la Cisjordanie, y compris Jérusalem-Est, et ne considère pas que ceux-ci font partie du territoire d’Israël (1), indépendamment de leur statut juridi­ que en vertu du droit interne israélien (2). L’Union a clairement établi qu’elle ne reconnaîtrait aucune modification du tracé des frontières antérieur à 1967, à l’exception de celles acceptées par les parties au processus de paix au Proche- Orient (PPPO) (3). 2) L’application de la législation existante de l’Union sur l’indication de l’origine aux produits originaires des territoi­ res occupés par Israël a fait l’objet de communications ou de lignes directrices adoptées par les autorités compétentes de plusieurs États membres. En effet, les consommateurs, les opérateurs économiques et les autorités nationales sont demandeurs d’éclaircissements quant à la législation de l’Union régissant l’information sur l’origine des produits issus de ces territoires (4). L’objectif est en outre de garantir le respect des positions et des engagements adoptés par l’Union en conformité avec le droit international relativement à la non-reconnaissance, par l’Union, de la souveraineté d’Israël sur les territoires qu’il occupe depuis le mois de juin 1967. La présente communication vise également à maintenir la libéra­ lisation et la fluidité des échanges, elle ne constitue pas un obstacle aux flux commerciaux et ne saurait être interprétée comme constituant un tel obstacle. 3) La présente communication n’instaure pas de nouvelles prescriptions législatives.
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