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The Israeli Wind Energy Industry in the Occupied Syrian Golan

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The Israeli Wind Energy Industry in the Occupied Syrian Golan Flash Report Greenwashing the Golan: The Israeli Wind Energy Industry in the Occupied Syrian Golan March 2019 Introduction 2 Methodology 2 The Israeli Wind Energy Industry 2 Targeting the Syrian Golan for Wind Farm Construction 3 About the Occupied Syrian Golan 5 Commercial Wind Farms in the Syrian Golan 6 Al-A’saniya Wind Farm 6 Valley of Tears (Emek Habacha) Wind Farm 7 Ruach Beresheet Wind Farm 10 Clean Wind Energy (ARAN) Wind Farm 10 Conclusion 12 Annex I: Aveeram Ltd. company response 13 Introduction For each farm we expose the involvement of international and Israeli companies which Though neither sun nor wind are finite re- include, Enlight Renewable Energy, Energix sources, their exploitation for electricity gen- Group and General Electric, among others. eration is not without material constraints. Green energy requires favorable geographic The report argues that the emergence of this conditions and extensive swathes of land. sector is a case of greenwashing: while touted In the Israeli context, the emergence of the as the “green solution” to Israel’s national en- green energy industry over the past decade, ergy requirements, the growth of this indus- has been inextricably tied to Israeli control try in the occupied Golan is in fact an inherent over Palestinian and Syrian land. part of the expansion of Israel’s control and presence in the Syrian Golan. Previous research by Who Profits demon- strated the centrality of Palestinian land to Methodology the development of Israeli solar energy.1 We This flash report is based on both desk and revealed that the Jordan Valley in the oc- field research. The desk research includes the cupied West Bank and the Naqab (Negev) collection and analysis of information from region have been the focus of solar energy various public sources, including company re- production. By contrast, wind energy devel- cords and publications, documents from the opment has predominantly targeted the oc- Israeli Registrar of Companies, newspapers cupied Syrian Golan. Here, private companies and other media sources and publications by are increasingly vying for a foothold in the various state authorities. The field research nascent industry. As shown below, access to included a visit to the al-A’saniya wind farm, illegally annexed Syrian land, where air flows in the eastern Golan, as well as a visit to the are ideal for generating wind-powered elec- site of a planned wind farm on the outskirts of tricity, is vital to Israel’s ability to meet its na- the Syrian town of Majdal Shams. The sources tional energy goals. Wind energy is also highly for the corporate information presented are profitable to investors, with expected annual on file with Who Profits. revenues of hundreds of millions of shekels. Israeli settlements are also set to benefit from Prior to publication, Who Profits contacted the development of wind energy in the Golan, all the companies profiled herein and through the leasing of their agricultural land requested their comments. To date, only to developers. In some cases, settlements are one company, Aveeram Ltd, responded (see even offered minority holdings in projects. annex I). This flash report investigates four commercial The Israeli Wind Energy Industry wind farm projects currently under devel- In 2009, the Israeli government adopted De- opment in the occupied Syrian Golan. These cision No. 4450, which set a target that 10% projects are al-A’saniya; Valley of Tears; Ruach of the country’s energy needs to be generat- Beresheet; Clean Wind Energy (ARAN) Farm. ed from renewable energy sources by 2020.2 1 Who Profits,Greenwashing the Occupation: The Solar Energy Industry and the Israeli Occupation. 2 “Government Decision No. 4450: setting a February 2017; Who Profits,Plundering the Sun: The guideline target and formulating measures to pro- Israeli Solar Industry and the Palestinian Forced Dis- mote renewable energy sources, especially in the placement. May 2018; Who Profits,Greenwashing the Negev and Arava regions” (Hebrew), Prime Minister’s Naqab: The Israeli Industry of Solar Energy. February Office,gov.il , 29 January 2009. 2017 2 | Greenwashing the Golan In 2011, Government Decision No. 3484 rat- a negligible 27MW.7 This reality, however, is ified the objective determined in 2009, and positioned to undergo a drastic change in the defined specific quotas for the installation coming years. approved by ,2/ד/of solar, wind, biogas and biomass technolo- National Outline Plan 10 3 gies. Subsequent decisions have affirmed the the Israeli government in 2014, established development of a renewable energy industry the guidelines for plans and permits for the 4 as a national priority. construction of wind turbines.8 Its policy doc- This nascent industry has been led by the pri- uments, published in 2012 by an inter-minis- vate sector, with the state acting to incentivize terial team,9 identified potential sites for wind and facilitate private investments. In order to energy projects. In the absence of a mapping encourage developers to invest in renewable of wind regime characteristics by the Israe- energy production, the Israeli government es- li meteorological service, the process was tablished feed-in-tariffs for renewable energy based on proposals made by private develop- projects, committing to purchasing the elec- ers, solicited through an open call for submis- tricity at high rates for an extended period of sions.10 5 time (typically 20 years). As of December 2018, 23 wind energy proj- Since the adoption of Decision No. 4450, the ects have been granted a conditional license vast majority of green electricity in the Israe- by the Israel Electricity Authority (IEA), with li market has been generated through solar total capacity of 816.8MW. All projects are ex- energy projects.6 Wind energy was allotted a pected to become connected to the national quota of 740MW (larger than the combined electricity grid between 2020 and 2023.11 quota allotted to medium and large solar projects), but its actual capacity remained Targeting the Syrian Golan For Wind Farm Construction 3 Shapira, Yosef Haim, “The impact of electrici- Three projects slated to be connected to the ty generation on air quality in Israel.” InAnnual Report grid in 2020, and accounting for nearly half of State Comptroller of Israel, mevaker.gov.il, 25 ,א68 October 2017. the expected capacity (395MW), are located 4 See for example Decision 542 (Sep- 7 Ibid. tember 2015), Decision 1403 (April 2016) and 8 “Government Decision No. 1995: National Decision 3269 on the reduction of greenhouse Outline Plan for Wind Turbines - NOP 10/d/2” (He- brew), Prime Minister’s Office,gov.il , 29 August 2014. gas emissions and increasing the efficiency of 9 The team consisted of representatives from the national energy consumption, gov.il. various governmental and nongovernmental bodies, 5 Ronen, Yaniv, “Electricity generation from including the Israeli Planning Administration, Israel renewable energies in Israel - follow up on the imple- Electric Company (IEC) and the Israeli Ministry of De- mentation of Government Devision No. 4450. Submit- fense (IMOD). ted to the Committee of Interior and Environmental 10 “The Inter-Ministerial Team for the Examina- Protection.” The Knesset: Research and Information tion of Land Cells with Potential for the Establishment Center, Knesset.gov.il, 3 March 2013. of Large Wind Turbine Farms: Recommendations to 6 According to a 2017 report by the Israe- the National Council of Planning and Construction: li state comptroller, out of 732.94MW of installed Phase I Summary” (Hebrew), Israeli Planning Admin- capacity from renewable energy sources, 678.33MW istration,iplan.gov.il , April 2014. On file with Who were generated using small, medium and large PV Profits. (solar) technology. Shapira, Yosef Haim, “The impact of 11 “List of conditional licenses (updated to electricity generation on air quality in Israel.” InAnnual 11/2018)” (Hebrew), Status of conditional and per- .State Comptroller of Israel, mevaker.gov.il, manent licenses, The Electricity Authority, pua.gov.il ,אReport 68 25 October 2017. Accessed 16 January 2019. 3 | Greenwashing the Golan in the occupied Syrian Golan.12 An additional 152MW wind project in the northern Golan is also being advanced through the Israeli Com- mittee for National Infrastructures.13 The strategic importance of the Golan to Is- raeli green energy production is such that the Israeli Ministry of National Infrastructures has instructed the Israel Electric Company (IEC) to prepare an outline plan specifically to ensure the transfer of energy generated by wind tur- bines in the Golan to the national electricity network.14 -High Ten -א/National Infrastructure Plan 62 sion Cable 161KW, Hula - Bar’on Junction, ap- proved by the Israeli Committee for National Infrastructures on 26 March 2018, entails the establishment of electricity infrastructure on occupied land to receive energy generated by wind projects in the Golan and transport it to the Israeli electricity grid. The plan also in- volves the expansion of the existing electrical substation in the settlement of Katzrin. The fact that several of the wind farms, as Al-A’saniya wind farm, Occupied Syrian Golan. well as their associated infrastructure, have Photo: Who Profits. November 2018 been classified as national infrastructure, projects are expected to power 500,000 Is- makes clear that they are primarily intended raeli households,15 nearly 100 times the num- to benefit the Israeli economy and popula- ber of Syrian households. tion. As noted in a meeting of the North Dis- Article 55 of the Hague Regulations desig- trict’s Regional Committee for Planning and nates that the Occupying Power is only the the wind ,א/Construction regarding NIP 62 administrator and usufructuary of public im- movable properties such as land. Accordingly, 12 The three projects are Emek Habacha Wind Energies Ltd (96MW), Emek Haruchot LP (169MW) Israel is prohibited from exploiting the land and Ruach Beresheet (130MW).
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