Annual Performance Report of the Ministry of Irrigation and Water
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Fit.* IRRIGATION and MULTI-PURPOSE DEVELOPMENT
fit.* The Historic Jaya Ganga — built by King Dbatustna in tbi <>tb century AD to carry the waters of the Kala Wewa to the ancient city tanks of Anuradbapura, 57 miles away, while feeding a number of village tanks in its course. This channel is also famous for the gentle gradient of 6 ins. per mile for the first I7 miles and an average of 1 //. per mile throughout its length. Both tbeKalawewa andtbefiya Garga were restored in 1885 — 18 8 8 by the British, but not to their fullest capacities. New under the Mabaweli Diversion project, the Kill Wewa his been augmented and the Jaya Gingi improved to carry 1000 cusecs of water. The history of our country dates back to the 6th century B.C. When the legendary Vijaya landed in L->nka, he is believed to have found an island occupied by certain tribes who had already developed a rudimentary sys tem of irrigation. Tradition has it that Kuveni was spinning cotton on the bund of a small lake which was presumably part of this ancient system. The development of an ancient civilization which was entirely depen dent on an irrigation system that grew in size and complexity through the years is described in our written history. Many examples are available which demonstrate this systematic development of water and land re sources throughout the so-called dry zone of our country over very long periods of time. The development of a water supply and irrigation system around the city of Anuradhapuia may be taken as an example. -
An Economic Analysis of Intersectoral Water Allocation In
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF INTERSECTORAL WATER ALLOCATION IN SOUTHEASTERN SRI LANKA BY SARATH PARAKRAMA WELIGAMAGE A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY School of Earth and Environmental Sciences AUGUST 2011 To the Faculty of Washington State University: The members of the Committee appointed to examine the dissertation of SARATH PARAKRAMA WELIGAMAGE find it satisfactory and recommend that it be accepted. ___________________________________ Keith A. Blatner, Ph.D., Chair ___________________________________ C. Richard Shumway, Ph.D. ___________________________________ Jill J. McCluskey, Ph.D. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENT Earning a PhD from WSU fulfills a long held aspiration in my life to earn a doctorate from a US university. I thank all those who have contributed to my achieving this goal at Washington State University. Frank Rijsberman, Director General (2001-2007) of the International Water Management Institute (IWWI), was the key person behind meeting my aspiration to earn a PhD. His vision and passion for capacity building of scientific manpower in the South led to the initiation of the IWMI’s program for capacity building that supported my dissertation research. Frank also authorized the initial support for my PhD program. I thank Frank’s successor Colin Chartres, and David Molden, Interim Director General for continued support to me. At WSU, my major professor Keith Blatner was the key person behind fulfilling my goals. In addition to his unmatched knowledge spanning across many disciplines, Keith was a constant source of support and I also appreciate his compassion and empathy. I thank Richard Shumway for helping me fulfill my academic aspirations at a very high level. -
Water Balance Variability Across Sri Lanka for Assessing Agricultural and Environmental Water Use W.G.M
Agricultural Water Management 58 (2003) 171±192 Water balance variability across Sri Lanka for assessing agricultural and environmental water use W.G.M. Bastiaanssena,*, L. Chandrapalab aInternational Water Management Institute (IWMI), P.O. Box 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka bDepartment of Meteorology, 383 Bauddaloka Mawatha, Colombo 7, Sri Lanka Abstract This paper describes a new procedure for hydrological data collection and assessment of agricultural and environmental water use using public domain satellite data. The variability of the annual water balance for Sri Lanka is estimated using observed rainfall and remotely sensed actual evaporation rates at a 1 km grid resolution. The Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) has been used to assess the actual evaporation and storage changes in the root zone on a 10- day basis. The water balance was closed with a runoff component and a remainder term. Evaporation and runoff estimates were veri®ed against ground measurements using scintillometry and gauge readings respectively. The annual water balance for each of the 103 river basins of Sri Lanka is presented. The remainder term appeared to be less than 10% of the rainfall, which implies that the water balance is suf®ciently understood for policy and decision making. Access to water balance data is necessary as input into water accounting procedures, which simply describe the water status in hydrological systems (e.g. nation wide, river basin, irrigation scheme). The results show that the irrigation sector uses not more than 7% of the net water in¯ow. The total agricultural water use and the environmental systems usage is 15 and 51%, respectively of the net water in¯ow. -
Environmental and Social Values of River Water: Examples from the Menik Ganga, Sri Lanka
Q:\2004 projects\IKG Services Unit Templates\IWMI Working Papers\WP Cover_with Specs A4.ai Spread size: A3 (420 x 297 mm)Paper size: A4 (297 x 210 inches) when spread is folded onceA 10p0 C WORKING PAPER 121 Environmental and Social A. Working paper numberNewsGoth BT, 18pt. Bold, in Values of River Water: 100% Black B. Country series no.NewsGoth BT Light, 14pt., 85% Examples from the Menik condensed, in 100% Black Ganga, Sri Lanka C. Paper titleNewsGoth BT 32pt. (can be smaller to be B 28pt. if the title is longer) on 42 (leading), 85% condensed, left aligned, in 100% Pantone 2935 4p0 D. Sub titleNewsGoth BT Condensed, 24pt. on 34 Priyanka Dissanayake and Vladimir Smakhtin (leading), left aligned, in 100% Black H E. Name(s) of authorsNewsGoth BT Roman, 12pt. on 16 (leading) 90% condensed, left aligned, top margin aligned with the top margin of the photograph, in 4p0 100% Black D F. Other logos (if any)Aligned with IWMI logo (bottom) G. IWMI and Future Harvest logosPlaced on the vertical band Postal Address: P O Box 2075 E Colombo Sri Lanka H. BackgroundPMS (Pantone) 134 C, bleed Location: 127, Sunil Mawatha 25p6 Max. text area Pelawatta Battaramulla 2p0 1p6 Sri Lanka Tel: +94-11 2880000 G Fax: +94-11 2786854 E-mail: [email protected] F Website: 2p0 http://www.iwmi.org SM International International Water Management IWMI isaFuture Harvest Center Water Management Institute supportedby the CGIAR ISBN: 978-92-9090-674-2 Institute 3p0 K PANTONE 2935 C PANTONE 134 C Working Paper 121 Environmental and Social Values of River Water: Examples from the Menik Ganga, Sri Lanka Priyanka Dissanayake and Vladimir Smakhtin International Water Management Institute IWMI receives its principal funding from 58 governments, private foundations, and international and regional organizations known as the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). -
River Basins
APPENDIX I.I 122 River Basins Basin No Name of Basin Catchment Basin No. Name of Basin Catchment Area Sq. Km. Area Sq. Km 1. Kelani Ganga 2278 53. Miyangolla Ela 225 2. Bolgoda Lake 374 54. Maduru Oya 1541 3. Kaluganga 2688 55. Pulliyanpotha Aru 52 4. Bemota Ganga 6622 56. Kirimechi Odai 77 5. Madu Ganga 59 57. Bodigoda Aru 164 6. Madampe Lake 90 58. Mandan Aru 13 7. Telwatte Ganga 51 59. Makarachchi Aru 37 8. Ratgama Lake 10 60. Mahaweli Ganga 10327 9. Gin Ganga 922 61. Kantalai Basin Per Ara 445- 10. Koggala Lake 64 62. Panna Oya 69 11. Polwatta Ganga 233 12. Nilwala Ganga 960 63. Palampotta Aru 143 13. Sinimodara Oya 38 64. Pankulam Ara 382 14. Kirama Oya 223 65. Kanchikamban Aru 205 15. Rekawa Oya 755 66. Palakutti A/u 20 16. Uruhokke Oya 348 67. Yan Oya 1520 17. Kachigala Ara 220 68. Mee Oya 90 18. Walawe Ganga 2442 69. Ma Oya 1024 19. Karagan Oya 58 70. Churian A/u 74 20. Malala Oya 399 71. Chavar Aru 31 21. Embilikala Oya 59 72. Palladi Aru 61 22. Kirindi Oya 1165 73. Nay Ara 187 23. Bambawe Ara 79 74. Kodalikallu Aru 74 24. Mahasilawa Oya 13 75. Per Ara 374 25. Butawa Oya 38 76. Pali Aru 84 26. Menik Ganga 1272 27. Katupila Aru 86 77. Muruthapilly Aru 41 28. Kuranda Ara 131 78. Thoravi! Aru 90 29. Namadagas Ara 46 79. Piramenthal Aru 82 30. Karambe Ara 46 80. Nethali Aru 120 31. -
National Wetland DIRECTORY of Sri Lanka
National Wetland DIRECTORY of Sri Lanka Central Environmental Authority National Wetland Directory of Sri Lanka This publication has been jointly prepared by the Central Environmental Authority (CEA), The World Conservation Union (IUCN) in Sri Lanka and the International Water Management Institute (IWMI). The preparation and printing of this document was carried out with the financial assistance of the Royal Netherlands Embassy in Sri Lanka. i The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the CEA, IUCN or IWMI concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the CEA, IUCN or IWMI. This publication has been jointly prepared by the Central Environmental Authority (CEA), The World Conservation Union (IUCN) Sri Lanka and the International Water Management Institute (IWMI). The preparation and publication of this directory was undertaken with financial assistance from the Royal Netherlands Government. Published by: The Central Environmental Authority (CEA), The World Conservation Union (IUCN) and the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Colombo, Sri Lanka. Copyright: © 2006, The Central Environmental Authority (CEA), International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources and the International Water Management Institute. Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorised without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. -
List of Rivers of Sri Lanka
Sl. No Name Length Source Drainage Location of mouth (Mahaweli River 335 km (208 mi) Kotmale Trincomalee 08°27′34″N 81°13′46″E / 8.45944°N 81.22944°E / 8.45944; 81.22944 (Mahaweli River 1 (Malvathu River 164 km (102 mi) Dambulla Vankalai 08°48′08″N 79°55′40″E / 8.80222°N 79.92778°E / 8.80222; 79.92778 (Malvathu River 2 (Kala Oya 148 km (92 mi) Dambulla Wilpattu 08°17′41″N 79°50′23″E / 8.29472°N 79.83972°E / 8.29472; 79.83972 (Kala Oya 3 (Kelani River 145 km (90 mi) Horton Plains Colombo 06°58′44″N 79°52′12″E / 6.97889°N 79.87000°E / 6.97889; 79.87000 (Kelani River 4 (Yan Oya 142 km (88 mi) Ritigala Pulmoddai 08°55′04″N 81°00′58″E / 8.91778°N 81.01611°E / 8.91778; 81.01611 (Yan Oya 5 (Deduru Oya 142 km (88 mi) Kurunegala Chilaw 07°36′50″N 79°48′12″E / 7.61389°N 79.80333°E / 7.61389; 79.80333 (Deduru Oya 6 (Walawe River 138 km (86 mi) Balangoda Ambalantota 06°06′19″N 81°00′57″E / 6.10528°N 81.01583°E / 6.10528; 81.01583 (Walawe River 7 (Maduru Oya 135 km (84 mi) Maduru Oya Kalkudah 07°56′24″N 81°33′05″E / 7.94000°N 81.55139°E / 7.94000; 81.55139 (Maduru Oya 8 (Maha Oya 134 km (83 mi) Hakurugammana Negombo 07°16′21″N 79°50′34″E / 7.27250°N 79.84278°E / 7.27250; 79.84278 (Maha Oya 9 (Kalu Ganga 129 km (80 mi) Adam's Peak Kalutara 06°34′10″N 79°57′44″E / 6.56944°N 79.96222°E / 6.56944; 79.96222 (Kalu Ganga 10 (Kirindi Oya 117 km (73 mi) Bandarawela Bundala 06°11′39″N 81°17′34″E / 6.19417°N 81.29278°E / 6.19417; 81.29278 (Kirindi Oya 11 (Kumbukkan Oya 116 km (72 mi) Dombagahawela Arugam Bay 06°48′36″N -
Securing the Food Supply and Food Security of the Ruhuna Basin
Securing the Food Supply and Food Security of the Ruhuna Basin K. D. N. Weerasinghe\ Ananda Jayasinghe2 and A. M. H. Abeysinghe3 1. Geographical Informations of the Ruhuha Basins Ruhuna basin situates in southern Sri Lanka totaling 5578 sq krn. It has four major river basins viz: Walawe Ganga, Kirindi Oya, Malala Oya and Menik Ganga. There are 3 Agro-ecological zones in the Ruhuna Basin namely Wet, Wet Intermediate and Dry Intermediate zones. Major River Basins of the Ruhuna basin and their catchments are given in the table 1 and figure 1. Table 1. Major river basins and catchments. Name Catchment's area (Km2) 1. Walawe Ganga 2471 2. Kiridi Oya 1165 3. Menik Ganga 1287 4. Malala Oya 402 5. Other 235 Total 5578 Palitha et aI, 1999) Total area of the Ruhuna Basin is c0vered by catchments of Walawe Ganga, Kirindi Oya, Malala Oya, Manik Ganga and number of small catchments. Detailed map of the river basins in the Hambantota District as documented by J. L. Sabatier (2001), is given in the figure 1. There are 19 river basins in the district and out of which 10 river basins are included in to the Ruhuna basin, except, Seenimodera, Kirama, Rekawa,Urubokke Oya, in the west and Katupila Ara, Kurundu Ara, Nemadegan Ara, Karambe Ara, and Kumbukkan Oya in the east (Figure 1). Further more as pointed out by Arumugam (1969), most of these basins are small and they do not make any effective contribution to the water resources. Malala Oya basin has a catchment of 404 sq. -
Channa Kelaartii, a Valid Species of Dwarf Snakehead from Sri Lanka and Southern Peninsular India (Teleostei: Channidae)
70 (2): 157 – 170 © Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 2020. 2020 Channa kelaartii, a valid species of dwarf snakehead from Sri Lanka and southern peninsular India (Teleostei: Channidae) Hiranya Sudasinghe 1, 2, *, Rohan Pethiyagoda 3, Madhava Meegaskumbura 4, Kalana Maduwage 5 & Ralf Britz 6 1 Evolutionary Ecology and Systematics Lab, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka — 2 Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka — 3 Ichthyology Section, Australian Museum, 1 William Street, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia — 4 Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology & Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, P.R.C. — 5 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka — 6 Senckenberg Naturhistorische Sammlungen Dresden, Museum für Tierkunde, Königsbrücker Landstrasse 159, 01109 Dresden, Germany — * Correspond- ing author, e-mail: [email protected] Submitted March 15, 2020. Accepted April 14, 2020. Published online at www.senckenberg.de/vertebrate-zoology on April 29, 2020. Published in print Q2/2020. Editor in charge: Uwe Fritz Abstract The dwarf snakehead Channa gachua (Hamilton, 1822) (type locality Bengal) has been reported from a vast range, from Iran to Taiwan, and northern India to Sri Lanka. Here, adopting an integrative taxonomic approach, we show that the Sri Lankan snakehead previously referred to as C. gachua is in fact a distinct species, for which the name C. kelaartii (Günther, 1861) is available. Widely distributed in streams and ponds throughout Sri Lanka’s lowlands, and also recorded here from the east-fowing drainages of southern peninsular India, C. kelaartii is distinguished from all the other species of the C. -
Status, Diversity and Conservation of the Mangrove Forests of Sri Lanka
J. South Asian nat. Hist., ISSN 1022-0828. January, 1998. Vol.3, No. 1, pp. 79-102, 2 figs., 9 tabs. © Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka, 95 Cotta Road, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka. Status, diversity and conservation of the mangrove forests of Sri Lanka Mangala de Silva" and Padma K. de Silva* Abstract In Sri Lanka, mangrove forests are found scattered mainly along the north-western, north eastern and eastern coasts bordering lagoons and river estuaries. The area covered by the mangrove forests today is estimated as only 87 km2 (Legg & Jewell, 1995). Most of the mangrove forest areas have been subjected to human interference for a long time, and undisturbed mangrove forests are seldom found. In most areas, the mangrove forests are usually restricted to a narrow strip, sometimes only a few trees deep. The largest mangrove forest, which is in the Kala Oya estuary, is not more than 0.5 km deep and extends upstream about 2 km from the river mouth. The low level of tidal fluctuations is mainly responsible for the narrowness of the mangrove forests as only a small area comes under the tidal influence. A clear zonation is not seen in most localities because of the narrowness of the mangrove forest and the human interference. Two major kinds of mangrove forests, namely, low-saline and high-saline, could be distinguished by the floristic composition; three other specialised high saline types, scrub, overwash, and basin, are also sometimes distinguished depending on the flooding characteristics and topography. Twenty three true mangrove species of trees and shrubs have been recorded in Sri Lanka, the common species being Rhizophora mucronata, Avicennia marina, Excoecaria agallocha, Acanthus ilicifolius, Lumnitzera racemosa, Sonneratia caseolaris, Bruguiera gymnorhiza and Aegiceras corniculatum. -
Statistical Book
Mahaweli Authority of Sri Lanka Socio – Economic Statistics 2018 Mahaweli Authority of Sri Lanka Mahaweli Authority of Sri Lanka was Established Under Act No. 23 of 1979 VISION “The best organization in Sri Lanka, in excellence use of land & water for the innovative Agriculture, renewable energy, conserving environment and raising the living standards of citizens” MISSION “We strive to lead the use of land & water for the innovative Agriculture productivity based on the latest technology supplementing the generation of renewable energy, best environment and tourism for the enrichment of the Sri Lankan community and their living standards” Contents Selected Economic and Social Indicators I- IV 1. Introduction 01-02 2. Background Information 03-05 2.1. Mahaweli Areas belonging to the Mahaweli Authority of Sri Lanka 2.2. Basic Information on Mahaweli Areas 3. Irrigation and Power Generation 06-16 3.1. Current Water Capacity of Irrigation Reservoirs for Agriculture as at 31.12.2018 3.2. Hydropower Generation in Major Reservoirs and Mini Hydropower Stations 4. Land Development 17-20 5. Settlement and Household Information 21-29 6. Economic and Social Infrastructure Facilities 30-37 6.1. Social Infrastructure Facilities (Cumulative) 6.2. Social and Economic Infrastructure Facilities (Cumulative) – 2018 6.3. Distribution of Type of Schools in Mahaweli Areas – 2018 6.4. Economic Infrastructure Facilities (Cumulative) 7. Agriculture and Livestock 38-84 7.1. Agriculture 7.2. Extent and Production of Other Field Crops in Mahaweli Areas 7.3. Livestock and Inland Fish 8. Investment Projects in Mahaweli Areas 85-86 9. SME Loan Facilities in Mahaweli Areas – 2018 87-88 10. -
World Bank Document
Public Disclosure Authorized Sri Lanka Public Disclosure Authorized Post-Disaster Needs Assessment Floods and Landslides-May 2016 Public Disclosure Authorized Ministry of National Policies and Economic Affairs Ministry of Disaster Management Public Disclosure Authorized September 2016 In colloaboration with EUROPEAN UNION Sri Lanka Floods and Landslides - May 2016 | Post-Disaster Needs Assessment 1 Sri Lanka Post-Disaster Needs Assessment ISBN 978-955-9417-57-6 © Ministry of Disaster Management Vidya Mawatha, Colombo 07. Tel : +94-112 665170 Fax : +94-112 665170 Content by : Photographs : Layout & Designing : Garvi Design Studio Printed by Garvi Design Studio 2 Sri Lanka Floods and Landslides - May 2016 | Post-Disaster Needs Assessment Foreword In the month of May 2016, parts of Sri Lanka were hit by the heaviest recorded rainfall in more than 18 years, which caused severe floods in 24 districts and also horrific landslides, one of which was the worst recorded in our country. The floods and landslides resulted in the loss of at least 93 lives and affected almost half a million people. The disaster damaged over 58,000 houses and caused a loss in income for over a million people dependent on agriculture, trade and industries. In the aftermath, extensive relief operations were conducted at national, provincial, district as well as divisional levels, significantly supported by the Sri Lanka Army, Navy and Air Force, civil society organisations, the private sector as well as individual contributions. As we now move on from the immediate relief phase, the subsequent recovery phase has been initiated by a Post-Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA). This PDNA used a methodology, which was developed jointly by the United Nations, the World Bank and the European Union.