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Astros, Humores Y Cometas

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Astros, Humores Y Cometas Otras publicaciones del Fondo Editorial PUCP os textos de Navarro, Figueroa y Ruiz Lozano que conforman esta edición MARGARITA SUÁREZ es historiadora por la PUCP y Ldemuestran que los cielos peruanos estuvieron presentes en las discusiones PhD en Historia por University College London. Introducción al Sistema Interamericano sobre medicina y astronomía en el virreinato, dentro de un proceso sinuoso Es profesora principal y directora del Doctorado de Derechos Humanos que comenzó con la creencia en la magia y terminó con la discusión sobre el ASTROS, HUMORES Y COMETAS en Historia de la PUCP, donde ha sido directora Elizabeth Salmón pensamiento escolástico y la aproximación a los problemas que planteaba la Las obras de Juan Jerónimo Navarro, Joan de Figueroa académica de Investigación. Es autora de Desafíos revolución científi ca. El Perú no solo fue receptor de ideas científi cas europeas, La relación «Conquista y población del Pirú, fundación y Francisco Ruiz Lozano (Lima, 1645-1665) transatlánticos. Mercaderes, banqueros y el Estado en el de algunos pueblos» de Bartolomé de Segovia sino que estas se «domesticaron» o «americanizaron», de manera que su circulación Perú virreinal (2001), editora de Parientes, criados y Pilar Rosselló F. de Moya (ed.) fue un encuentro de carácter cultural. allegados: los vínculos personales en el mundo virreinal peruano (2017) y ha publicado numerosos artículos en La observación de los astros y su infl uencia sobre los hombres fue un tema central SUÁREZ MARGARITA y estudio preliminar Edición Cambios en el régimen político y su impacto sobre Margarita Suárez, edición y estudio preliminar libros y revistas nacionales e internacionales. en las refl exiones de los científi cos y políticos peruanos de los siglos XVI y XVII. la política exterior peruana Tal es el caso de la astrología patriótica del siglo XVII, que tuvo como escenario Oscar Vidarte Arévalo y Luciano Quispe Robles JUAN JERÓNIMO NAVARRO, autor de Sangrar y purgar las tensiones entre criollos y peninsulares. Mientras los primeros sustentaron que en días de conjunción (1645), estudió medicina en la tenían derecho a gobernar por haber nacido en el Perú, los peninsulares sostenían Curso de Derecho Internacional Público Universidad de Valencia. Viajó a América en 1622 y Elizabeth Salmón que precisamente por ello los americanos no podían acceder al poder. Estas ideas se desempeñó como médico en Lima en hospitales y se abandonaron poco después y se aceptó que un mismo cielo envolvía a todos conventos. Su obra es un exponente de la medicina La realidad como misterio los habitantes del planeta. Sin embargo, no se abandonó la idea de la infl uencia galénica tradicional y una crítica a la astrología médica. Elogio del asombro, la admiración, la búsqueda estelar, que confl uyó con la astronomía y la astrología política, y coexistió con la y la creatividad astrología médica, duramente criticada por algunos. Alberto Simons Camino, SJ JOAN DE FIGUEROA (Granada, 1583) llegó a Lima en 1634 y fue amigo de fray Martín de Porras, cuya celda Notas en teoría de la incertidumbre tras su muerte convirtió en capilla para ser enterrado José D. Gallardo Ku en ella. Su Opúsculo de astrología en medicina aborda los principios de la astrología en seis tratados, de los Perú-Ecuador: el proceso para lograr la paz que el segundo está dedicado a la medicina. Eduardo Ferrero Costa Extremo Occidente y Extremo Oriente FRANCISCO RUIZ LOZANO (Oruro, 1607-Acapulco, Herencias asiáticas en la América hispánica 1677) estudió en Lima en el colegio jesuita de San Axel Gasquet y Georges Lomné (eds.) Y COMETAS HUMORES ASTROS, Martín. Fue matemático y astrónomo, y su Tratado de cometas es la obra científi ca más importante del s. XVII. El Perú en Revolución Fue alumno del célebre astrónomo y matemático Independencia y guerra: un proceso, 1780-1826 mexicano Diego Rodríguez. Fue astrólogo de la corte Manuel Chust y Claudia Rosas Lauro (eds.) virreinal; autor de varios Reportorios, Derroteros y textos de geometría; director de la Academia Real de Náutica; Cosmógrafo Mayor del Reino; catedrático de Matemáticas; y general de la Armada del Mar del Sur. Las obras de Juan Jerónimo Navarro, Joan de Figueroa y Francisco Ruiz Lozano 1645-1665) Joan de Figueroa y Francisco (Lima, Navarro, Las obras de Juan Jerónimo ASTROS, HUMORES Y COMETAS Las obras de Juan Jerónimo Navarro, Joan de Figueroa y Francisco Ruiz Lozano (Lima, 1645-1665) ASTROS, HUMORES Y COMETAS Las obras de Juan Jerónimo Navarro, Joan de Figueroa y Francisco Ruiz Lozano (Lima, 1645-1665) Margarita Suárez Edición y estudio preliminar Con la colaboración de Augusto Espinoza, Juan Manuel Gauger, Diego Chalán y Alejandra Cuya BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL DEL PERÚ Centro Bibliográfico Nacional 509.85032 Astros, humores y cometas: las obras de Juan Jerónimo Navarro, Joan de Figueroa y Francisco A Ruiz Lozano: Lima, 1645-1665 / Margarita Suárez Espinosa, edición y estudio preliminar; con la colaboración de Augusto Espinoza, Juan Manuel Gauger, Diego Chalán ... [et al.].-- 1a ed.-- Lima: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Fondo Editorial, 2019 (Lima: Aleph Impresiones). 444 p.: il., facsíms.; 24 cm. Incluye índice. Bibliografía: p. 437-444. D.L. 2019-05255 ISBN 978-612-317-473-6 1. Navarro, Juan Gerónimo, m. 1648 2. Figueroa, Juan de, 1583-1655 3. Ruiz Lozano, Francisco, ca. 1607-1677 4. Ciencia - Perú - Época Colonial 5. Astrología médica - Siglo XVII - Fuentes 6. Medicina - Siglo XVII - Fuentes 7. Astronomía - Siglo XVII - Fuentes I. Navarro, Juan Gerónimo, m. 1648. Sangrar y purgar en días de conjunción II. Figueroa, Juan de, 1583-1655. Opúsculo de astrología en medicina y de los términos y partes de la astronomía necesarias para el uso de ella III. Ruiz Lozano, Francisco, ca. 1607-1677. Tratado de cometas, observación y juicio del que se vio en esta Ciudad de los Reyes y en todo el mundo, por los fines del año 1664 y principios de este 1665 IV. Suárez Espinosa, Margarita, 1957-, editora V. Espinoza, Augusto, 1982-, colaborador VI. Gauger, Juan Manuel, 1984-, colaborador VII. Chalán, Diego, 1987-, colaborador VIII. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú IX. Título BNP: 2019-055 Astros, humores y cometas Las obras de Juan Jerónimo Navarro, Joan de Figueroa y Francisco Ruiz Lozano (Lima, 1645-1665) © Margarita Suárez, edición y estudio preliminar, 2019 © Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Fondo Editorial, 2019 Av. Universitaria 1801, Lima 32, Perú [email protected] www.fondoeditorial.pucp.edu.pe Diseño, diagramación, corrección de estilo y cuidado de la edición: Fondo Editorial PUCP Imagen de portada: detalle de la «Ilustración de los signos del Zodiaco con Venus, Cupido y un obispo Santo», de Hans Baldung, s.f. Donación del Fondo Elisha Whittelsey al Museo Metropolitano de Arte (The Met), Nueva York, en 1960. Primera edición: abril de 2019 Tiraje: 200 ejemplares Prohibida la reproducción de este libro por cualquier medio, total o parcialmente, sin permiso expreso de los editores. Hecho el Depósito Legal en la Biblioteca Nacional del Perú Nº 2019-05255 ISBN: 978-612-317-473-6 Registro del Proyecto Editorial: 31501361900467 Impreso en Aleph Impresiones S.R.L. Jr. Risso 580, Lima - Perú Índice Agradecimientos 11 Nota sobre la presente edición 15 Primera parte. Estudio preliminar Margarita Suárez 21 Magia, mitos y utopías 24 La cosmología tradicional europea y la astrología criolla 29 Juan Jerónimo Navarro: el enfrentamiento entre los humores y los astros 41 Joan de Figueroa y el apogeo de la astrología médica 53 Francisco Ruiz Lozano: un astrónomo para los virreyes 61 La «Censura apologética» 68 El Tratado de cometas 71 Segunda parte. Sangrar y purgar en días de conjunción Juan Jerónimo Navarro, 1645 81 Textos citados por Francisco de Aguayo, censor de Sangrar y purgar en días de conjunción de Juan Jerónimo Navarro 153 Autores citados, mencionados o aludidos por Juan Jerónimo Navarro en Sangrar y purgar en días de conjunción 153 Biblioteca de Juan Jerónimo Navarro 158 Tercera parte. Opúsculo de astrología en medicina, y de los términos y partes de la astronomía necesarias para el uso de ella Joan de Figueroa, 1660 171 Opúsculo II. Que trata de astrología en medicina 181 Autores citados por Joan de Figueroa en Opúsculos de astrología en medicina 303 Cuarta parte. Tratado de cometas, observación y juicio del que se vio en esta ciudad de los reyes y generalmente en todo el mundo, por los fines del año de 1664 y principios de este de 1665 Francisco Ruíz Lozano, 1665 305 Textos citados por Juan de Aller, censor del Tratado de cometas de Francisco Ruiz Lozano 409 Textos citados por Francisco Ruíz Lozano, autor del Tratado de cometas 419 Índice onomástico 423 Bibliografía 437 A José Mauricio Agradecimientos El presente volumen recoge tres obras escritas por «científicos» peruanos del siglo XVII fundamentales para entender el papel de los cielos. Los textos de Juan Jerónimo Navarro y Francisco Ruiz Lozano han sido transcritos en su totalidad, mientras que del tratado de Joan de Figueroa, debido a su extensión, solo se ha incluido el pró- logo y el segundo opúsculo, que trata sobre astrología y medicina. Los acompaña un estudio preliminar que no pretende ser exhaustivo. Esperamos que la difusión de este corpus fomente la aparición de nuevos estudios que contribuyan a desarrollar y afianzar la historia de la ciencia virreinal en el Perú. Cuando inicié mis indagaciones sobre este tema, no imaginé que este libro sería el resultado final. Los primeros pasos en esta aventura los di luego de que Jorge Ortiz, en 1995, me diera generosamente una copia del Tratado de cometas de Ruiz Lozano. Estimulada por esa obra, convencí a Marco Aurelio Zevallos, quien trabajaba en la Universidad de Lima, de elaborar un proyecto sobre historia de la ciencia y la tecnología en el Perú, en cuyos avatares nos acompañaron Juvenal Luque y Cristina Flórez.
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