Short Guide to the Buildings & Architecture of Dartington Hall

Arch Output:Layout 1 4/8/09 17:54 Page 1 Further reading on Lescaze came to Dartington in 1931 as a direct result of A Modernist Footnote his friendship with Bill Curry. He was asked to design Dartington includes: High Cross House, to a brief that included specifying Supporting the Trust William Lescaze and Dartington furniture and fittings. This was followed by three board- Dartington Hall by Anthony ing houses at Aller Park, (Orchards, Chimnels - now Emery, Oxford University A collection of buildings by William Lescaze (1896-1964) known as Chimmels - and Blacklers, all named after Please donate to The Dartington Hall Trust. Press. A comprehensive made Dartington architecturally famous throughout estate fields); a home with performance space (Warren Help us to be responsible custodians of study now out of print but Europe and America during the mid-1930s. The House) for the dancer and choreographer, Kurt Jooss and obtainable from local commissions were noticed by all the major architectural his company; workers' cottages in Warren Lane, the these buildings so that future generations libraries. periodicals and included in the Exhibition 'Modern gymnasium at Foxhole, and the Trust's Central Office can enjoy this beautiful place. Architecture in England' organised by the Museum of building at Shinners Bridge. The Elmhirsts of Dartington Modern Art of New York in 1937. Visit www.dartington.org to make a by Michael Young. A High Cross House is located to the right of the road on the biography of the Dartington Somewhat eccentrically, the boarding houses at Aller main drive approach to the Hall and is open to the public donation. Hall Trust's founders, Leonard Park were similarly cast as examples of the 'Architecture for part of the year; Warren House and cottages, and the Photo: Screens Passage, c1920s and Dorothy Elmhirst. of the Future' in Gabriel Pascal's film of Shaw's 'Major three boarding houses, are along Warren Lane and Park Barbara' filmed at Dartington. In marked contrast to the Road; the Central Office building, now known as Lescaze William Weir and Dartington Hall by Reginald Snell. rest of the country there was a frenzy of building Office, stands to the left of the road to Plymouth beyond The life of an outstanding architectural craftsman and a activity on the estate during the inter-war years. As well the roundabout at Shinners Bridge. Shinners Bridge is study of his work at Dartington Hall. as Lescaze, the architect and designer, Walter Gropius where the Dartington Cider Press Centre is now located. (responsible for part of The Barn Theatre) was a The Gardens at Dartington Hall. A revised version of a contributor. At Dartington the restoration of the guide originally written by Dorothy Elmhirst, with photo- medieval buildings by a "Victorian" craftsman and the graphs and a garden plan. introduction of the international architectural style were simultaneous processes. From the Bare Stem: Making Dorothy Elmhirst's Garden at Dartington Hall by Reginald Snell. A tribute Lescaze was an important architect of the Modern to the energy and vision of Dorothy Elmhirst, and those Movement. Swiss-born, he studied in Zurich under Paul who helped her create the Hall Garden. Moser between 1915 and 1919, before moving to the United States. In 1929 he designed his first Modernist All but the first book named are normally available from building, a nursery school at Oak Lane County Day Dartington, and can be ordered at the Dartington Cider School, Philadelphia, where Bill Curry (shortly to become Press Centre or Totnes Bookshop. Head of Dartington Hall School) was headmaster. Others among his American buildings were the offices on Photo: High Cross House c1932 Short guide to Manhattan Island known as Number One New York Plaza and the Swiss Embassy in Washington DC, as well as the famous Philadelphia Savings Fund Society building the buildings & which he designed whilst with his partner, George Howe. In all he completed about 1000 commissions, including product designs for furniture, lighting fixtures and table- ware. architecture of This leaflet was first published in 1983 as Dartington Hall; a short guide to the buildings and architecture, and was written by Dartington Hall The Dartington Hall Trust, Registered Office, The Elmhirst Reginald Snell. It was amended and re-printed in 1992, and again Centre, Dartington Hall, Totnes, Devon, TQ9 6EL. Registered in in 2008. All photographs have been kindly provided by The England as a company limited by guarantee and a charity. Photo: West Wing viewed from old Churchyard Dartington Hall Trust Archive, © The Dartington Hall Trust unless otherwise stated. Company No 1485560 Charity No 279756 VAT No 402196875 Arch Output:Layout 1 4/8/09 17:54 Page 2 Dartington Hall related by marriage to the Gilberts and the Raleighs. A tour of the Courtyard The surviving range of 'service lodgings' in the West Wing The White Hart Dartington was to remain theirs for nearly four hundred contained two floors of four rooms each, arranged in years, but family wealth and influence dwindled until pairs. Access to the ground floor was by two doorways, The crest - the White The site on which Dartington Hall stands has been agricultural depression in the nineteenth century all but Dartington Hall has been called the most spectacular set close together, separated by a thin partition wall, at the Hart - carved on the continuously occupied for well over a thousand years. robbed them of a livelihood. At the beginning of the mansion in Devon. It is not only the largest medieval opposite end of which were originally twin garderobes. boss in the apex of The written record does not begin until the thirteenth twentieth century they were forced to sell much of their house built in the West of England, but unusual for its Each doorway served a square chamber, which had a win- the porch is that of century, but there is evidence of considerable activity in land, and in 1925 the remaining 800-acre estate was time in never having had any protective fortification. dow looking out into the Courtyard and a fireplace in the Richard II, above it, the area during the Roman occupation and the manor of bought by Dorothy and Leonard Elmhirst, to become the The building to the right of the back wall - some of the chimney originally approached Dartington is mentioned in a Royal Charter of 833 AD. basis of their joint venture in rural regeneration. surprisingly modest looking stacks can be seen above the roof. by a little stairway just Early in the twelfth century we know that the land was main archway gate is the earli- Above were two similar rooms, inside the entrance, are owned by the Fitz Martins, wealthy West Country est part of the Hall and its large the upper entrances being Photo: the White Hart boss residentialroomsonce landowners, who probably built the church in the The Hall in ruins central room would have been reached by an external staircase used by the squires and grounds, the tower of which survives. the stables. It dates from the at the front, arched over the lower stewards who served the family in the Great Hall. As the All the buildings were by then badly run down and much late fourteenth century. All the doorway. West Wing and East Elizabethan look of its exterior suggests, the tower was In 1348, after another short-lived change of ownership, of the Hall was in ruins. The original beams having been windows in the range are Wing together would have provided remodelled in Tudor times. the manor reverted to the Crown. In 1384 Richard II long open to the sky and at the mercy of deathwatch modern insertions. The long low forty-eight living chambers. granted it to his half-brother John Holand. Soon beetle, had been removed as early as 1813 so that the building on the other side of The Screens Passage ahead was intended to separate the afterwards Holand became an Earl and during the heart of the Estate had languished roofless for more than the entrance, the Barn Theatre, During the eighteenth century Great Hall from the noise, smell and traffic of the kitchen following two decades he made Dartington Hall into a a hundred years. The floor was grass covered, ivy dates from the later middle most of the windows were area on the other side. The group of triple great country house, laying out new buildings in the overhung the window tracery and the kitchen was a shell. ages. It was built as a barn and arches opened respectively into the buttery, where beer photo: The Great Hall before reconstruction, c1920s. enlarged and all but one of the form of a huge double quadrangle, covering almost an converted into a theatre partly outside staircases removed. The and wine were stored, the kitchen and the pantry, where acre. The modern Courtyard is a fragment of the The courtyard fared little better during the nineteenth under the eye of the German architect Walter Gropius. dormer windows in the roof are twentieth century work; bread was kept. Above these is the Solar (an old term for buildings originally planned. century; the East Wing had been drastically altered for The hexagonal-roofed wing that juts out towards the the modern tiles are from the Delabole quarries in a sunlit upper chamber) or private reception chamber. farming purposes, and served as coach house, cow road was once a threshing floor and contained a huge Cornwall. Nevertheless, about a fifth of the West Wing, The door at the end of the passage gave access to the houses and hayloft. The central section of the West Wing grinding wheel.

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