September 9, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 24925 By Mr. SCO'IT: nam and backing the administration in its nesto Tanguilig; to the Committee on the H.R.13706. A bill to amend title 38 of the efforts on behalf of these servicemen held Judiciary. United States Code to extend by one yea.r captive by the North Vietnamese Govern­ By Mr. SMITH of New York: the period in which certain guaranty and ment; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. H.R. 13712. A bill for the relief of Vin­ insure.nee entitlement may be used by World By Mr.CLARK: cenzo Pellicano; to the Committee on the war n veterans; to the Committee on Vet­ H. Con. Res. 328. A resolution expressing the Judiciary. erans' Affairs. sense of Congress relating to films and broad­ By Mr. ULLMAN: casts whioh defame, stereotype, ridicule, de­ H.R.13707. A bill to provide additional mean, or degrade ethnic, racial, and religious PETITIONS, ETC. benefits for optometry officers of the uni­ groups; to the Committee on Interstate and formed services; to the Committee on Armed Foreign Commerce. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions Services. By Mr. CELLER: and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk By Mr. WHITEHURST: H. Res. 537. A resolution to provide funds and referred as follows: H.R. 13708. A bill to provide additional for the Committee on the Judiciary; to the 230. By Mr. COUGHLIN: Petition of resolu­ benefits for optometry officers of the uni­ Committee on House Administration. tion of the council of the city of Philadel­ formed services; to the Committee on Armed phia regarding rig.ht of farm workers to bar­ Services. gain collectively; to the Committee on Edu­ By Mr.CLAY: PRIVNrE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS cation and Labor. H.J. Res. 890. A resolution proposing an 231. By Mr. COUGHLIN: Petition of res­ amendment to the Constitution of the United Under clause 1 of rule X:XII, private olution of Township of Lower Merion, Mont­ States providing for the election of the Presi­ bills and resolutions were introduced and gomery Oounty, Pa., regarding tax status of dent and the Vice President; to the Commit­ severally referred as follows: municipal bonds; to the Committee on Ways tee on the Judiciary. By Mr. DADDARIO: and Means. By Mr. McDONALD of Michigan: H.R. 13709. A bill for the relief of Francine 232. By the SPEAKER: Petition of Allan H.J. Res. 891. A resolution designating the Zimmerman; to the Committee on the Ju­ Feinblum, New York, N.Y., relative to ob­ American marigold ( Tagetes erecta) as the diciary. servation of the birthday of M. K. Gandhi; to national floral emblem of the United States; By Mr. ST GERMAIN: theOommittee on the Judiciary. to the Oommittee on House Administration. H.R. 13710. A bill for the relief of Salva­ 233. By the SPEAKER: Petition of the By Mr. ABBI'IT: tore Taormina; to the Committee on the Ju­ Marshall Chamber of Commerce, Marshall, H. Con. Res. 327. A resolution protesting diciary. Tex., et al., relative to the unsolicited mall­ the treatment of American servicemen held By Mr. SCHEUER i ing of pornographic literature; to the Com­ prisoner by the Government of North Viet- H.R. 13711. A bill for the relief of Dr. Er- mittee on Post Office and Civil Service.

EXTENSIONS OF RE.MARKS TELEPHONE CONSUMERS NEED Both in Tampa and St. Petersburg, large Time simply has caught up with General ADVOCATE crowds have turned out to tell of the prob­ Telephone Co. of Florida. The people who lems they have had with phone service. These are forced to buy their service have had people were only those who had detailed in­ enough. HON. LEE METCALF formation of what they considered inade­ In 1971, the St. Petersburg freeholders will quate services and who were anxious to tell vote on renewing the company's franchise in OF MONTANA the PSC about it. How many more people a.re the city. Company officials must now be look­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES dissatisfied but simply could or would not ing forward to that date with concern for it Tuesday, September 9, 1969 attend the hearings is not known. is obvious the opposition is beginning to jell. The lessons for the PSC ls that there is The company must stand on its record. Mr. METCALF. Mr. President, Florida indeed a general dissatisfaction with tele­ It may be too late for GenTel to build a rec­ consumers are dissatisfied with the Gen­ phone service in Tampa. and St. Petersburg, ord that will meet public acceptance. eral Telephone Co. of Florida. The Flor­ and that the people, given a fair opportunity The publlc, at last, is getting the message to air their complaints, are only too happy across. ida Public Service Commission is holding to tell commissioners what is wrong. hearings regarding the company's rates Such large crowds have turned out for and service, and the public is responding these hearings and so many people are anx­ in large numbers to voice its complaints ious to be heard that it ls conceivable the EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICE on the subject. But, as the St. Petersburg commissioners may never be able to complete GETS IDGH PRIORITY IN JACK­ Independent aptly points out, there the hearings if the present format of allow­ SONVILLE exists no public advocate to represent ing the public to be heard first is continued. the interests of the people: The hearings have not been noted for their decorum and formality. At times they HON. CHARLES E. BENNETT Only one side has attorneys. Only one have resembled ancient Roman circuses with side has access to the records. Only one side the audience cheering and clapping each OF FLORIDA is able to produce reams of statistics to back time a witness made a thrust a.t the com­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES up its arguments. p any. Monday, September 8, 1969 The utility has a built-in advantage This points up the need for a public advo­ cate. The rules of the commission for such Mr. BENNETT. Mr. Speaker, John M. for its side of the case. Having just par­ hearings are the same as those of the Circuit Waters, Jr., director of public safety, ticipated in hearings on S. 607, a measure Court. Jacksonville, Fla., recently addressed the which would provide for the service of a But only one side has attorneys. Only one third International Congress on Medical Utility Consumers' Counsel in just such side has access to the records. Only one side and Related Aspects of Motor Vehicle an instance, I ask unanimous consent to is able to produce reams of statistics to back Accidents, and his address was reported have printed in the RECORD this pertinent up its arguments. in the August 1969 edition of Traffic editorial from the St. Petersburg Inde­ Attorneys for GenTel will have the oppor­ tunity to cross examine opposing witnesses, Safety. This dedicated public official has pendent of July 31. in his remarks set out the realistic pro­ There being no objection, the article whioh will create a. hardship on many of them since they will have to miss another gram which Jacksonville has inaugu­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, day's work in order to appear. Bwt who will rated to provide quick, efficient services as follows: have the opportunity to cross examine tele­ for sick and injured. The program may GENTEL REAPS HARVEST OF ILL WILL phone company executives? Does every mem­ well serve as a model for other large We hope General Telephone Co. of Florida ber of the complaining public have this cities; and therefore, I include here the and the Public Service Commission (PSC) right? article as it appeared in Traffic Safety: are learning the lessons being taught at a A public advocate could do a great dea.l to series of public hearings in the Tampa Bay simplify the proceedings by screening wit­ EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICE GETS HIGH area. nesses and vigorously contesting evidence PRIORITY IN JACKSONVILLE The lessons are being driven home with presented by the urtmty. Providing emergency medical services is a the authority of a. schoolmaster with a long It must now be evident to both GenTel growing problem in all areas of the world in ruler in his hand. and the PSC that t.elephone subscribers in which the use of the automobile is increas­ The lesson for General Telephone is that this area are angry and dissatisfied. ing. It 1s a complicated problem in the large inadequate service, unkept promises and They know they are paying high prices cities, where heavy traffic often impedes the high rates are the basic ingredients for a for service inferior to that in almost all areas transfer of the injured from the scene of the revolt of telephone users. of the country. accident to a treatment center. 24926 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 9, 1969 There are several fundamental differences created National Highway Safety Bureau fessional medicine. Yet, we have major prob­ between the problem in this country and (NHSB) to see if the methods and techniques lems in our hospitals, and they must be that facing our friends in some other coun­ of our military system could be applied to solved before we can have an efficient emer­ tries. our highway problem at the state and city gency medical services system. First, we have an acute shortage of physi­ level. We made a great deal of progress in Communications. The matter of communi­ cians and nurses, and little prospect of the next 18 months, initiated considerable cations in a city EMS system is no great remedying this matter in the foreseeable fu­ research and passed out volumes of guidance mystery. The simple fact is that most calls ture. The shortage is not merely in numbers to the states. In the summer of 1968, I elected for help come by phone into our fire depart­ but in capabilities, for specialization has to retire from the military, left the NHSB and ment or police operations centers, and the greatly reduced the percentage of physicians became director of public safety of Jackson­ fire center promptly dispatches an am­ capable of coping with severe trauma or ville, Fla. In this position, I think I am well bulance. Our problem is greatly simplified acute medical episodes outside their spe­ situated to evaluate the problem from both since we went into a. consolidated form of cialty. Therefore, we will rarely find a physi­ sides of the hill, compare theory with prac­ government, abolishing the county and small cian treating an accident patient outside the tice and report on our progress in emergency suburbs. All dispatching is done by one city hospital. medical services in a dynamic and forward fire department operations center. It is silly Next, we must realize the size of our coun­ looking ciity. some of our "Ivory Tower" to set up a special center to handle medical try, and the millions of miles of roads in it. thinking from Washington has been battered calls only. The already established centers in What might be a practical alerting system on a bit, but on the whole, I think we•ma.y de­ any city, whether they be police or fire, can the autobahn between Hamburg and Kiel velop a system which, though not ideal, will do a. highly effective job of dispatching; after would provide prohibitively expensive for the be unsurpassed in this country. all, that is their 24-hour job. We found that highway of more than 1,000 miles between At the very outset I ran into realism with most of our citizens did not know emergency Chicago and Denver. Any suggested general a jolt, and the jolt was produced by one telephone numbers and usually called the highway improvements are deterred by the main factor-money. We, like every major telephone operator for help. Delays sometimes very massiveness of the system and the con­ city in this country, are fighting a desperate resulted. To remedy this, we are sending out sequent costs of improvements. rearguard action against rising costs. Most in our regular city electrical billings two Fortunately, our telephone system is wide­ cities are retreating; I like to think that we gummed labels containing the number for spread and in nearly all cases efficient, ,and are holding our own, and in at least one sec­ fire and ambulance (same) , police and suicide along most roads, we can find homes and tor, emergency medical services (EMS), are control. We a.re urging that these be stuck on places of business with phones. In a city, it advancing on a fairly broad front. In order to each phone in every home and business. This is highly improbable that a crash could occur do so, we have had to take a realistic ap­ will give our citizens direct dialing service to without someone being aware of it and phon­ proach, discard the merely desirable and the people who can help. In July, 1970, we ing in. stick to the essentials. This involved not only are installing the "911" universal emergency Lastly, our problem is complicated by the some hard-nosed man agement decisions, but number, but this does not invalidate the number of cars now in excess of 100 million a quick separation of facts from myths. stickers on the phones; in fact, by dialing the and increasing' steadily. It has become a Jacksonville is a city unique in many ways, number on the sticker, you avoid the screen­ deadly race between our efforts to reduce the the most notable being the recent "consoli­ ing switchboard used by the "911" number. accident rates and the increasing exposure dation" of the City of Jacksonville and Du­ We have replaced all the old fire alarm that raises the number of deaths and val County, in which the county was abol­ pull boxes with emergency telephones. In injuries. ished, the city limits extended to the county our main city area, they are located on every While there are some basic differences be­ line and several sets of duplicating govern­ other corner. One simply opens the box picks tween our situa.tion and that of other coun­ ments replaced by one. Now we have one up the phone, and talks directly to the fire tries, there are also mutual problems. I can mayor, one police department, one fire de­ operations center. A large wall chart in the testify from a recent trip to Europe that partment and a unified chain of command. center shows a light where the street phone their cities have traffic congestion just as we The creation of one governmental unity to is in use, so our men know the loca.tion im­ do, though tt seldom approaches anywhere replace many has not only greatly simplified mediately. When called on these phones, we in the world what exists in New York City. government and avoided duplication and can dispatch police, firemen, ambulances or Likewise, I imagine that cities everywhere confusion but has made us into the largest auto repairmen to the caller. An interesting are faced with the problems of increasing city in the world geographically, with an phenomena. is that our fire false alarm rate costs without a comparable increase in tax area of 848 square miles and a population has dropped from 90 per cent to less than revenues. Our American cities are caught in of 525,000 people. It consists of dense urban 5 per cent since we installed these phones. what seems to be almost an insolvable di­ areas, rural terrain, rivers and ocean, ex­ People apparently cannot lie well over a lemma as to how to provide all the services press highways and city streets. The city con­ phone while they are being recorded on tape. required without bankrupting the taxpayer. tains three large military bases and two col­ An equally great advantage is that people Oddly enough, until less than five years leges, with a third university building. The can tell us in advance what their trouble ago, there was no concerted national effort implication of this large group of over 50,000 is. In the old pull box days, a fire a.la.rm to do much about automobile accidents, sailors and students for the auto accident pulled in mid-city required us to dispatch a which by then were claiming 50,000 dead rate is clear. Jacksonville serves as the gate­ full assignment of fire equipment adequate yearly. In sharp contrast, we, probably to a way to the Florida vacationland for the en­ to deal with a. large building fire, even greater degree than any other nation, have tire East Coast and much of the Midwest, though the trouble may have been only an for over 100 years maintained an extensive and out-of-state transient traffic is very auto with ignition wires afire. Now, knowing heavy. As a resort, the city and its beaches the trouble in advance, we ca.n respond ap­ rescue system for ships at sea, and in later draw hundreds of thousands in the summer years for aircraft. Cost has not been a deter­ propriately. We intend to add more of these rent to this complex and efficient rescue months. A large retired population contrib­ street emergency phones, primarily in our system; and, although only 3,000 non-combat utes to the medical problems. More than ghetto areas, where most homes do not have 125,000 of the city's population are medi­ phones, and one on the corner will provide people were lost at sea and in the air in our cally indigent. emergency communications for the whole areas of responsibility in the last year re­ neighborhood in time of trouble. We have corded, the Coast Guard incurred a cost of In 1967, faced with inadequate ambulance service provided mostly by morticians, the these emergency phones at every cutoff, from $34,000 for every seaman and airman saved, the main expressways. The highway depart­ while the Air Force in Viet Nam paid out city took over emergency ambulance serv­ ices. The fire department was directed to op­ ment is putting up signs on the highways $48,000 per save. While cheap in terms of erate it, and a federal grant was obtained to pointing out that the emergency phones are human life, the highway victim in compari­ assist in purchasing 10 ambulances and op­ at the exits. Furthermore, we have placed son had little or nothing spent to rescue him, erating them for the first year. This has re­ large signs over each such phone to let people and thousands died needlessly. It often be­ sulted in largely solving the emergency am­ know they are for public use. Many people came literally true that a citizen could be bulance problem in Jacksonville, and has thought they were either the old pull type safer on a boat sinking 20 miles at sea than been done at a considerable lower cost than fire alarms, or were for use of police and be could in a wreck in the middle of one of in most other cities of similar size. With all firemen only. our largest cities. 10 ambulances deployed, 90 per cent of the The placing of emergency telephones at As an exa.znple, several years ago a tanker .!itizens of Jacksonville are within a seven­ one mile intervals along the highways is a fire occurred in New York harbor. The in­ minute response time of quality ambulance thing we cannot financially afford. in this jured were evacuated in less than 10 min­ service. country. I have seen this arrangement on utes by Coast Guard helicopters from the The National Highway Safety Bureau has European highways; but, as I pointed out In ship. Yet a pedestrian, struck by an auto­ stated that an efficient highway EMS system the beginning, we have many more miles mobile in the incurring confusion, could (outside the hospital) consists of communi­ of roaid. In our city, we have placed emer­ not be reached by an ambulance for nearly cations, emergency care at the scene, trans­ gency phones at the exits from the major 45 minutes due to the traffic congestion. portation and comm.and and control. One express highways and are placing signs on The National Highway Safety Act of 1966 more item should have been included here­ the highways pointing out their locations. was a sweeping one, aimed at all facets of highway safety. One of them was the medical the physician and hospital team, and their Actually, in most cases within the city, care and transportation of those injured on role in definitive medical care. This omis­ crashes are generally accompanied by traffic the highway. In early 1967, I was loaned from sion was a calculated policy of the NHSB to congestion, and it is amazing how sensitive the Coast Guard, where I had been chief of avoid any implication that the government the people living along the roaid are to this. the search and rescue division, to the newly was entering further into the world of pro- We quickly hear by phone from citizens liv- September 9, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24927

ing nearby and dispatch police cars and am­ erator wishes to talk with the emergency Stage Two: Advanced procedures taught by bulances. So I don't worry too much about room, he asks center, which tells the emer­ 25 doctors (30 hours); delays in alerting on our highways in Jack­ gency room by "red phone." "Call rescue Stage Three: Extrication from autos, air­ sonville. seven." The emergency room nurse then craft and trains ( 25 hours) ; In a couple of places, notably on Highway merely turns up the radio volume and calls Stage Four: Hospital training in ER's, in­ 295 around the Maryland area of Washing­ to establish communication. We have ac­ tensive care units, and OB (50 hours); ton, D.C., they have placed, at one-mile in­ tuaily had little use for this, as our men Stage Five: Hospital training in emergency tervals, pushbutton boxes, which are cheap­ usually know what to do in first aid, and cardiac care (231 hours). er to ins.tall tha.n telephones. One ca.n push center can relay needed information quickly This program ls, we believe, the most ad­ buttons marked "Police," "Service," or "Fire," to the emergency rooms. However, we expect vanced of any in the country. In the begin­ and wait until the radio signal is received the use of direct communications with the ning, much of it was done in the men's off at a center and a patrol car is dispatched. In emergency room to pick up as our cardiac time. When this became burdensome and the practice, the motorists, mam.y of whom merely program progresses. men began seeking extra compensation, we wish information, will not wait, and over We feel that with our new $600,000 fire began basing our ambulances at the hospi­ 30 percent of calls are false alarms. The cost operation center, our regular and emergency tals, where training can be obtained on the in patrol cars running out to investigate is phone systems, and a flexible and efficient job while the men are between calls. Our high, and the frustrations of the waiting mo­ radio system, our communications and dis­ first trials of hospital basing have been an torists immeasurable. This is a system that patching problems are solved. The proof of unqualified success, enthusiastically sup­ was fine in theory but fell fiat in actual the matter is the satisfaction of our citi­ ported by both the medical staffs and the application. It has all the drawbacks of the zenry, and the average response time in the ambulance personnel. If there is one mes­ old fire-pull alarm system, which is 50 years city area is less than five minutes from call sage I wish to give to anyone planning a sim­ behind the new street phone alarm system we until arrival of an ambulance. In remote ilar program, it is to base your ambulances at are using in Jacksonville. areas where ambulance response time may be hospitals, while at the same time keeping There has also been a great deal of talk delayed, we dispatch a fire engine company them under control of the operations center about use of radios in taxicabs, fleet trucks to render first aid until the ambulance for dispatching. Our men sleep at some of and municipal equipment to broadcast a arrives. the hospitals; at others, they are there dur­ radio alert in case of wrecks or other trouble. I have mentioned that in area we are the ing daylight hours, returning to the fire sta­ The Motorola Co. sponsored one such program largest city in the world, 848 square miles tions at night. The emergency room staffs called Community Radio Watch, and extending 37 miles east and west, and 33 have been surprised, not only at the ability we participated in Jacksonvme. The results miles north and sou th. To cover this large of the ambulance personnel to help them in have been mediocre, and the real need for an area might seem an insurmountable prob­ the emergency room, but at the rapidity with such an organization is doubtful. People lem with our resources. However, we have which the men absorb the training. In a city traveling with two-way radios in their vehi­ relatively light traffic as it is spread over such in which we have a severe shortage of doctors cles will radio in to their own dispatching a large area, and the fast express highways and nurses, the presence of two trained emer­ center of their own free will if they see some­ allow our ambulances to travel at speeds up gency medical technicians in the emergency thing, though the chance that a radio ve­ to 80 m.p.h., nearly as fast as a helicopter. room, when not on runs, has proved a boon. hicle will come along when needed is fairly As a result, one of our ambulances may be At the same time, our men are receiving ex­ remote. In eight months, though my car is able to reach a patient 10 miles away faster cellent training, and I might add that this is radio equipped. I have reported one wreck than one in New York City could arrive at a only made possible by the enthusiastic co­ and several stalled motorists who had not scene one mile away. operation of our fine doctors and nurses, and been previously reported. With a rising crime Transportation. Our a.mbulancese are not the strong support of our medical society. rate, and a llmi·ted police force, we feel our luxury jobs but practical cabins mounted on At a recent meeting of the American Col­ radio patrol cars are more needed in the high­ one-ton Chevrolet chassis. Complete with lege of Surgeons and of the American Acad­ crime-incidence areas than on the highways. equipment, they run about $12,500 each. Our emy of Orthopedic Surgeons, it was recom­ As a result, nearly all alerting is going last four are in full conformance with the mended that this concept of the highly to be by phone wlith only a very small minor­ "Medical Requirements for Ambulance De­ trained ambulance attendant be adopted. It ity of cases by radio. sign and Equipment" of the National Acad­ was also recommended that the emergency Dispatching. Let me again stress that in a emy of Science, both as to vehicle and equip­ medical technician be adopted as a full mem­ large city, ambulance dispatching should be ment; in fact, we have already exceeded the ber of the medical team, and that appropriate handled by the fire or police department equipment requirements. From an economy job description and training courses be pre­ operations center, depending on which is pro­ viewpoint, these ambulances are winners. pared. The training recommended was sim­ viding the service. Even where municipal Not only are they cheaper initially than the ilar to that I have Just outlined. It would ap­ ambulances are not provided, and private large custom jobs, but every two or three pear that the training of these men and their ambulances are used, they should be dis­ years we simply insert a new chassis and acceptance as part of the professional team patched for emergency calls by the city cen­ have a new vehicle. We expect the cabin to offers a partial solution to the acute short­ ter. I favor the fire department operations last through three chassis. These ambulances age of nurses in our emergency rooms and center doing it, because they don't have as have plenty of working space and ample intensive care units. Certainly, our Armed many total calls daily as do the police. The stowage space for both medical and extri­ Forces hospital corpsmen carry out func­ use of private ambulances on routine pa­ cation equipment. Our ambulance personnel tions even in advance of that allowed nurses tient transfer calls is no real concern of ours. carry out all except heavy extra.cation. The in some locations, and the emergency medical However, if it is an emergency run, we either primary drawback of this type ambulance is technician, with similar training and under dispatch the private ambulance from the fire that it rides roughly on bad roads, and a fast supervision of a physician, could carry out run can be excruciatingly painful for a operations center, or they inform us if they many functions now required of physicians have been called by a private party. The fire person with broken bones. In such cases, we and nurses when not on ambulance runs. department is responsible for emergency am­ return at a slow speed without lights or As a result of this t11aLning, I have every bulance service, but we may need backup siren. In fact, 80 per cent of our return runs confidence in the ability of these rescue are made in this manner, for we emphasize ambulance personnel of the fire department from private operators on occasion. treating and stabilizing the patient on When an ambulance is dispatched, all to handle nearly any first aid siltuation. scene and returning at a safe speed when­ Twenty-nine babies have been delivered times are kept on a running card punched by ever possible. Outbound, we seldom have a time machine. All conversations, radio and without mishap. I have accompanied our enough information to determine the seri­ ambulances to attempted suicides, to acutely telephone, are recorded on 24-hour tapes. ousness of the case, and such runs are made The center has direct "red phone" connec­ ill patients, heart atrtacks and ma,ny severe with light and siren; we never forget, how­ auto crashes. At these era.shes, it is most tions with every hospital emergency room in ever, that running a red light still leaves us the city and can quickly determine load con­ satisfying to watch the men work. No one is as the responsible party should an accident moved until his airway is checked, he is dition and readiness to receive patients. In occur, and street intersections are crossed at serious cases, we alert the receiving hospital reduced speeds. splinted and bleeding has SJtopped and back­ while the ambulance is still outbound, fol­ Emergency Case. In Jacksonville we have boards have been inserted. Then, in the lowing this up with an estimated time of ar­ a long and intensive training program for words of our chief of rescue, "We do not rival when received. All of our ambulances rescue ambulance personnel, and we have extricate a seriously injured victim, we dis­ have two-way radio communications, not long tenure with little or no turnover. With­ assemble the cax around him." In most oases, only with the operations center, but with the out the latter, we could not afford the the care at the scene is so complete that the emergency rooms of all the hospitals. This training. The firemen have good pay and ex­ trip to the hospi,tal is at regular road speeds was an easily solved problem. We found that ceptionally good working hours. To partic­ without siren or lights. Once at the hospital, the hospitals all had a civil defense radio in the victims are kept on the special back­ each emergency room. We, therefore, put the ipate in the rescue program, a fireman must civil defense frequency crystal on one chan­ volunteer for the duty; have two years on boards until after x-ray, for x-ray will pene­ nel in all of our ambulance radios, and we the department with excellent record, and trate the marterlal. were in business. We perform a radio check hold an American Red Cross Advanced First Hospital Emergency Departments. Surveys with very hospital at a set time each morn­ Aid card. He then passes through five stages in a number of our states have indicated gross ing, then the volume of the radio in the of training: deficiencies in the emergency dep,artments emergency room is turned all the way down Stage One: Review of advanced first aid of many of our hospitals. Long delays in and the set left on. When an ambulance op- procedures (20 hours); treatment of patients may be common, and 24928 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 9, 1969 the quality of care poor. With an increasingly hula.nee costs us $63,447 per year to run, of We can, however, in certain localities, use transient population, many of whom have no which 94 per cent is for personnel. The pre­ one economically (1,000 hours yearly or more) family doctor, the emergency room has be­ dominance in personnel costs and the great if we use it for highway rescue, sea and land come the focal point for an increasingly large disparity between public and private salaries rescue, police and highway patrol, apprehen­ numbet" of patients, only a minority of whom are whait sepa.r,ate private and public ambu­ sion of lawbreakers, riot control, accident in­ aire aotual emergencies. This crowding ag­ lance service. Yet, if we are to have quality, vestigation, cardiac and inter-hospital trans­ gravates an already poor situastion, With the we must pay enough to get high type indi­ port, fire control (both urban and forest), result that treatment in the emergency rooms viduals and retain them. Ambulance service photo missions and admlnistraitive flying. of the nation's hospitals may often be as costs, like all medical costs, are skyrocketing. These missions would be assigned on a pri­ inept and as backward as is the majority of We are attempting to defray this in many ority basis, with rescue as top priority. Until ambulance service. The need for reform is ways. We charge $17.50 per run, and are going we utilize the helicopter on such a basis, with great. I will go a step further. In the very to raise the fee to $22.50, primarily to dis­ fl.rm central control, or unless we can obtain near future in some areas, highly trained courage needless calls. Our collection rate, use of avail.able military helicopters, I see emergency medical technicians manning which is running at about 40 per cent, must little prospect of widespread and successful rescue ambulances are going to be more be raised, and we are looking for ways to do use of these machines in EMS. proficient in doing their job of emergency this. We are receiving a. subsidy from the Operation Heartbeat-Answer to the Great­ care and traDGportation than are some hos­ NHSB Of $11,890 per ambulance, which helps est Threat. For the months I was with the pital emergency departments in providing defray expenses. Lastly, as the number of NHSB, my asttention was devoted to the the definitive treatment with which they runs increases, the co&t per run decreases. highway victim and, as a result, trauma. For are charged. While we municipal officials are We estimate that by 1970, we will oe making 20 years before that in the Coast Gua.rd, I searching for ways to improve rescue, care 13,000 emergency runs yearly. The cost breaks had been concerned with aid to the distressed and transportation outside the hospitals, the down as follows: at sea and in the air. Naturally when I came medical and hospital professionals needs to Cost per run ______$48 85 to Jacksonville, it was with visions of start­ do some deep soul searching. I think that in ing up vigorous programs in these fields. But when I asked for the vital S'ta.tistics for the our city we are progressing well here, but NHSB subsidY------9. 15 much still remains to be done, especially in Fee collected ______past year, it caused a realignment of my 9.00 think1ng and a drastic change in perspective. obtaining sufficient physicians and nurses. Tax supported ______--- --______30.70 One trend that is on the increase is the In 1968, in Jacksonville, 26 persons died in formation of groups of physicians devoted to 48. 85 water accidents; 139 in traffic mishaps, and, emergency practice only. Such a group, con­ Total ------far overshadoWing these, 1,497 of heart dis­ sisting usually of four physicians alternating In summation, the total cost of operating a ease. Not only was herurt disease by far the on eight hour watches, perform all emergency first raite emergency ambulance system in our greatest killer of Jacksonville citizens, but room services, turning the patient over to his city is 76 cents per capita. in EKG testE of 10,000 of our citizens made regular doctor or to a specialist after emer­ Our figures are considerably below those by the Hea.rtmobile of the American Heart geD.1Cy ca.re is administered and the patient given for government operated services in the Society in February, 1969, one of every three stabilized. This system insures the presence NHSB publication, Economics of Highway of our citizens tested showed signs of cardiac in the emergency room of a physician and Emergency Ambulance Services, and well abnormalities. The greatest single life threat relieves the rest of the hospital staff of having below those of most other cities Of similar to a citizen in Jacksonville today is not the to rotate on duty in the emergency room. size. Most of this difference can be attributed criminal on the street, nor fl.re in the home, Private Ambulances. In our city, we have to the difference in salary scales for firemen nor deasth on the highway, it ls an acute a number of private ambulance services, in southern cities as compared with those in myooa.rdial infarction. We must consider the including a number of funeral directors. For the north. In my opinion, the NHSB econom­ cardiova.scula.r "accident" along With traffic the most part, they are not interested in ics study, while generally an excellent one, accidents. emergency service. Some funeral homes haul errs on the high side in estima.ting costs of One cardiologist, in reflecting the preva­ chronically ill patients to and from hos­ ambulance service and on the low side in es­ lent attitude of physicians, recently ~tated: pitals free, realizing that they Will get the timating the number of anibulances required "If I suspect a carcU:ac condition, I will funeral business later. I see nothing wrong to service a certain number of persons. Al­ have the patient meet me at the emergency with the practice, especially when it involves most certainly more ambulances are required room. If I went to the home, I simply indigents. Florida is one of the few staites to service the 525,000 people in our 850- wouldn't have the equipment with me to that has an ambulance law, but it is a square-mile city than would be needed for properly diagnose and treat him. I would weak one. We realize that our private am­ the same number of people in a city of 50 have to transfer him to the emergency room bulance operators can neither afford the square miles. The number needed and the anyway." salaries nor the equipment to render serv­ money the city can afford to devote to the Logical as this reasoning is, it is cold ice comparable to that given by our fire de­ service must vary with the peculiarities of comfort to the hundreds of thousands of partment rescue service. Yet, if they are each city. people who will suffer heart attacks to realize going to engage in emergency service at all, Helicapters. Desptte my continual protests, that they must make it to a hospital on their we must insist on minimum standards. A I have acquired a reputation over the past own, or rely on an ambula.nce crew to get new city ambulance law ls now pending be­ few years as the man who advocates re­ them there. fore the city council, and I am confident that placing ground ambulances with helicopters. Nationally, due to the poor quality of am­ it will pass. It will be a major step forward Nothing could be further from the truth. I bulance services, lllOt only can long delay'3 in in eliminating marginal and untrained op­ see little use for helicopters in a dense urban response be expected, but the attendants erators, and we intend to enforce it striotly. area, or where adequate and efficient ground may be poorly trained and incapable of Those remaining in the emergency business ambulance service is available. If a ground rendering meaningful help. In many cases, will do so under the supervision of the de­ ambulance can reach a patient in 10 minutes, they will not have minimum equipment even partment of public safety and the health there ls no need for a helicopter. On the by present lax standards. department. other hand, I do see need for helicopters in That definitive treatment can be effec­ Despite the widespread criticism of pri­ remote or inaccessible areas and in trans­ tively given in the field and in ambulances vate ambulance service, I have seen a num­ porting critically ill patients of all kinds from has been proved in a number of locales, but ber of fine services, well managed, well outlying community hospitals to major medi­ to date it has been given by physicians and trained and efficient. Private enterprise can cal centers. To determine the feasibility of nurses. Belfast, Ireland; Waveney Hospital, give quality service if it has a franchise to this (which the military has long ago deter­ mined for their people) for civilian use, I North Ireland, and St. Vincent's in New York eliminate destructve competition, a subsidy are among facilities reporting on this proce­ recommended in 1967 tha.t arrangements be when required, and is under government in­ made for use of military helicopters from dure. A number of other groups are plan­ spection. However, for sophisticated treat­ some 200 continental military bases to aid ning or are experimenting with telemetry of ment, such as we describe later for heart at­ EKG's from the field or ambulance in the tack patients, few private ambulance com­ in severe civilian injury cases. Although the various military services were amiable, the hospital so that physicians in the hospital panies can afford, the equipment or retain proposal was bungled and mishandled by can read an EKG and recommend to the the highly trained personnel required. Such bureaucrasts in W,ashington, with the result rescue crew further action. One report on procedures must be carried out in our cities that finally only the commandant of the telemetry estimates tha,t o! 16 patients DOA by government. We regard emergency ambul­ Coast Guard took action, issuing an order (dead on arrival) on whom telemetry read­ ance service in the same category as police to his operational commanders to cooperate ings were received, 11 may have been sal­ and fire protection. In fact, we make more whenever possible with state authorities in vageable with proper therapy, which was not ambulance runs yearly than fire runs. aiding highway victims. In other cases, agree­ available. Waveney reports that o! 95 heart Costs. To operate 10 rescue ambulances, we ments have been made between local au­ attack patients transported, not a single require 66 men, a chief of t he rescue branch, thorities and nearby military base command­ death occurred in transport, due undoubt­ a. training supervisor and a secretary. Person­ ers, though helicopters are in short supply edly, in many cases, to the presence of nel services, including fringe benefits and due to the Viet Nam war. proper equipment and trained medical per­ pensions, tot-al $595,481 yearly. Each private, No one doubts tha.t the helicopter can do sonnel. In all of these cases, however, physi­ for example, ls paid $8,357 yearly, including a superb job of medico evacuation. The prob­ cians with proper equipment were operating benefits. Commodities total $22,986, a.nd lem is one of costs. We cannot justify a ing in a relatively small area. These condi­ other direct costs about $16,000. Each aan- helicopter just to evacuate highway injured. tions do not prevail in Jacksonville, where September 9, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24929 we a.re faced with providing care to the program will be a great success. We believe Cuba from Mexico. I find it shocking that largest city area in the world, and with this goal is attainable. We believe the chance the news media continuously refers to little likelihood of physicians or nurses ac­ is worth the $51,000 of special equipment for these men as political prisoners as though companying the emergency rescue ambu­ our ambulances and special orew'training in­ they were members of a political opposi­ lance. volved. Compare the cos,t for this city of over The president of the medical society ap­ half a million w1 th a heart transplant cost tion put in jail for their views. The facts pointed an advisory committee of some of of $30,000. If we save only one person, the do not seem to bear out this designation. the city's leading cardiologists to work with equipment will have been paid for. One of those exchanged, for example, was us on this matter. A number of alternatives In summary, hundreds of our citizens a.re arrested 6 months ago and charged with were explored by the committee. From these going to suffer heart atta.cks outside hos­ directing the machinegun assassination discussions, a plan was evolved to equip all pitals, and the majority who fail to survive plotted against U.S. Capt. Charles R. of our 10 ambulances with necessary equip­ will not have medical help. Due to the short­ Chandler in Sao Paulo. Others are iden­ ment and trained para-medical personnel to age of dootors, and their inability to give tified Communist Party leaders and lead­ allow quick access to any place in the city definitive trea.tment without equipment and in which one of our citizens suffers a heart outside the hospital environment, doctors ers of violent demonstrations. attack. An early plan to employ two large will not go to the scene of the attack. The Mr. Bethel's article, on the other hand, cardiac ambulances staffed by physicians and initial trea.tment during the critical first clearly cites the specifics about the pro­ nurses was abandoned when it became evi­ hour is going to have to be given by prop­ Soviet connection of revolutionary lead­ dent that the time required for two centrally erly equipped and trained emergency medi­ ers throughout Latin America and his located vehicles to reach the suburbs would cal technicians, a.nd the patient delivered article deserves a careful reading by all be excessive, and that we could not provide alive to hospital intentive care units, where those concerned with the future of the properly qualified physicians for this serv­ chance of survival is high. We feel that this Western Hemisphere. ice due to the acute shortage in the city. is the pattern. of the future, and we intend It was agreed that if more definitive treat­ to pursue it vigorously. Mr. President, I ask unanimous c.on­ ment were to be given cardiac victims out­ Providing emergency ca.re to a large city sent that the article "Liberals Call for side the hospital, it would have to be by is a complex and never ending job, and we U.S. Pull-Back in Latin America" from our rescue personnel. They would require not must be prepared for anything. We feel tha.t Human Events of September 13, 1969 be only special equipment but, more impor­ our progress has been great. In addition to printed in the RECORD at the conclusion tantly, special training. This proposal was being known as the Bold New CLty of the of my remarks. presented to the executive committee of the South and an All-American City, we hope county medical society, and after consulta­ that Jacksonville will also become known as There being no objection, the article tion with the American Medical Association, the safest place in the country to have an was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, the executive committee has formally en­ acoident or a heart attack. as follows: dorsed the program, contingent on proper LmERALS CALL FOR U.S. PuLL-BACK IN LATIN training of the rescue personnel. The train­ AMERICA ing syllabus and methods of training have (By Mr. Paul Bethel) now been developed by the cardiac advisory SOVIET SUPPORT OF GUERRILLA committee and planning is already well In yet another assault on America's com­ ACTIONS IN LATIN AMERICA mitment against Communist aggression, a underway. small but powerful group of people is pro­ This concept is a bold one in medical care. posing that the United States retire its mili­ Already, inquiries have been received from HON. STROM THURMOND tary missions from Laitin America and ter­ many parts of the country. To the more con­ minate military aid to our friends. Sen. servative who have doubts about the wisdom OF SOUTH CAROLINA IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Frank Church (D.-Idaho) has used his Sub­ of the program, it is well to remember that committee on Latin America to the Senate only two or three years ago grave doubts Tuesday, September 9, 1969 Foreign Relations Committee as a very effec­ were expressed as to the feasibility of utiliz­ tive platform to propagate these views. A ing nurses in intensive care units to admin­ Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, in re­ stream of liberals, many of whom served ister treatment to heart patients. Now it is cent weeks various stories have appeared under President Kennedy, are willing and a commonly accepted practice, but its com­ in the press saying that the Soviets no ready to oblige him---among them Ralph ing was expedited because of the shortage longer had any interest in promoting Dungan, ambassador to Ghile 1964-67; David of physicians to carry out these functions. guerrilla style insurrections in Latin Bronheim, a former coordinator of the Alli­ This same shortage makes it imperative that America. Similar statements have al­ ance for Progress; and George Lodge, an as­ we expedite the training and equipping of leged that Guba is no longer a base for sistant secretary of labor under Eisenhower our rescue personnel to deal with cardiac subversion and some commentators even and JFK. emergencies outside the hospital. Bronheim stralght-facedly told the Church At this time, more than 50 of our rescue say that it is time to normalize relations sUJbcomml,ttee: "Demonstrations and rebel­ ambulance personnel are engaged in hospi­ with Cuba. lions today in Latin America are not led by tal training. The time required to fully train In my judgment, such statements are Communists nor encouraged by Russia." And a man for this type of work is in excess of merely wishful thinking which do ·not further: "The Russians today do not have a 200 hours, but it has already become evident accord with the determined campaign of policy for fomenting guerrilla. was in La.tin that the high type of personnel we are utiliz­ subversion which is now being waged America, and, accordingly, rebels and demon­ ing quickly learn the procedures taught. No against the responsible governments of strators alike look on the local Moscow-line man will be allowed to perform any proce­ Communists as reactionaries." Bronheim, dure until he has been thoroughly checked Latin America. The facts of the situa­ who directs the Ford Foundation-financed out and certified by medical professionals. tion have been put forward in an article Center for Inter-American Relations in New The amount of responsibility placed on the in the current Human Events by Mr. Paul York, stressed again: "My point ls simply the rescue personnel will be greatly increased Bethel, who has frequently appeared be­ insurgency threat today is not from the Com­ as their training progresses. fore Senate committees as an expert wit­ mu:tl.ists." Period. The extent of treatment will be deter­ ness on Latin American affairs. Mr. Ralph Dungan, who is largely responsible mined by the patient's condition. In many Bethel's article cites dates and facts for U.S. support of Chile's Christian Demo­ cases, a cardiac victim can simply be trans­ based upon newspaper reports and of­ crats despite their steady march toward ported to the nearest suitable hospital. In ficial intelligence sources of the Latin Marxism, had this to say: "The principal others, his condition may be such that an American government's concern. Mr. threat to the United States in Latin America attempt t.o transport him would be fatal, and ls not communism but a form of Na.sserism the rescue crew will carry out CPR and de­ Bethel concludes: which tends to grow in La.tin American re­ fl.br111ate when necessary. In addition, after (1) That the Communists are indeed be­ publics." (This may be considered a. varia­ consultation with a physician, by radio and hind terrorist and guerrilla attacks ln Latin tion on the "agrarian reformer" theme used telemetry, of EKG, they will administer America; and ( 2) That the Soviet Union has in the 1940s to describe Mao Tse-tung's Com­ drugs when directed by the physician. At both the policy and the plan to assault free munist legions, I suppose.) Dungan arrives this point, the rescue crewmen will ba.sically nations of our hemisphere. at this astonishing conclusion: "To continue be performing the same function in their to assist the Latin American military means Mr. Bethel's article was obviously writ­ to encourage insurrection rather than to in­ portable intensive care (IC) unit, as does the ten before the recent kidnapping of Am­ nurse in the hospital IC unit. sure stability." The training of the personnel will require bassador C. Burke Elbrick in Brazil. This Mr. Lodge is equally uninformed: "The time and will be a continuing process. The kind of gangster activity is typical of the organization of the Communist party in Latin equipment is being procured now. We believe operations now being conducted in Latin America does not constitute a revolutionary the number of people saved will be consid­ America. It is remarkable that news re­ force or even a. serious threat to American erable. If we can bring to the hospital, alive, ports say that the so-called 15 political interests." Referring to Brazil, Lodge states: every patient we take into the ambulance prisoners for whom the Ambassador was "The most radical elements are not the Com­ with a detecta..ble pulse and breathing, our held hostage are reported to be going to munists, but the priests." 24930 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 9, 1969 For his part, Sen. Church extends the at­ the group which had been divided between viet supervision ( explaining, in part at least, tack on U.S. milit ary assistance to Latin pro-Chinese, pro-Soviets and pro-Castroities." the Soviet interest in creating a united guer­ America with the comment that it is a In other words, the Soviet Union has con­ rilla front in Latin America) . "hydra-headed monster that has very strong solidated the guerrilla groups under its On July 11 Argentina's prestigious paiper, support in Congress, in the State Depart­ command. La Prensa, published a detailed plan for the ment and even in the White House." For El Espectador had more to say on the sub­ Communist conquest Of eight countries­ which, we might add, thank God. Unin­ ject. "According to m111tary intelligence Eucador, Peru, Argentina, Venezuela, Brazil, formed and irrational attacks on the mili­ sources," reported the Bogota daily, "Com­ Bolivia, Uruguay and Oolomb1a. Citing in­ tary-any miiltary, anywhere-have reached mander Pompilio Figueredo was said to be telligence reports from Uruguay, Argentina serious proportio.ns and threaten the very able to deliver $1 million in U.S. currency in and Peru, La Prensa revealed that the plot security of our country and that of our allies. the name of the Soviet Union to achieve the had been approved "by a central revolutton­ What about the facts? unification of the guerrilla struggle." ary committee of Castro-Maoist Commu­ With no more research than a mere read­ Moreover, El Espectador reported that "the nists" which met in Montevideo, Uruguay, ing of news dispatches and official state­ Soviet Union submitted the name of Manuel last June to follow up the guerrilla confer­ ments, Sen. Church, Mr. Bronheim, et al., Marulanda ( alias "Tiro Fijo") as com­ ence held six months earlier in Colombia. would learn (1) that the Communists are mander-in-chief, and Castroite Fabio Vas­ The plan contains a combination of sophis­ indeed behind terrorist and guerrilla attacks quez as his deputy." AFP also quotes the ticated subversion and military action. It is in Latin America; and (2) that the Soviet Colombian intelligence sources on the $1- worth reproducing in condensed form: Union has both a policy and a plan to assault million figure, then adds that other sub­ "Universities: Catholic Universities will be free nations of our hemisphere. Let's exam­ versive civilian groups have been brought the true motor of actions planned and car­ ine just a few bits of evidence, all taken into the new front, identifying them as "the ried out in the streets. The demand: 'Change from published reports: Worker-Student-Peasant Movement, and the universities; change the poli.tical struc­ Colombia's El Tiempo reported on Janu­ 'progressive' priests." "Tiro Fijo" is a mem­ ture of the nation!' ary 12 that the government (ruled, incident­ ber of the Politburo of the Soviet-controlled "The Church: It is now publicly recognized ally, by the Liberal party) had "discovered Colombian Communist party which also to be revolutionary and reformist. .. . It an international Communist subversive plot works hand-in-glove with Fidel Castro. must be made to declare, from the pulpit and which extends to Mexico, Bolivia, Peru, Ven­ On August 5 El Tiempo charged the every other suitable place. this new orienta­ ezuela, Brazil and Colombia." El Tiempo re­ Kremlin with :financing two Communist tion for the masses. To support this goal, we ported in the same edition that "70 guerrilla meetings "disguised as student assemblies," must have 1,500 active clergymen to convert delegates from five countries met in the and organized by something called the the Church into the major bMe for the revo- Andes Mountains along t he Venezuelan-Co­ "World Federation of Democratic Youth." The 1utionary movement of the lef•t. The slogan: lombian border to 'integrate' t heir activities purpose of those meetings, El Tiempo re­ 'Eaoh hour a disturbance, on each street in a continental war of subversion and ter­ ported, "is to adopt measures for uninter­ corner a riot!' ror." The meeting took place between De­ rupted promotion of subversion. Though "Workers: Make demands for privilleges cember 20-31 last year a,nd was attended by Peking-line and Camillsta supporters will be and wages that will shake the capitalist re­ three Soviet KGB a.gents, one identified by present at the conferences, actually they are gime. Government of the workers and the the government as B. Tarascov. financed and organized by the Moscow line." overthrow of the system of government by On January 13 Venezuela's minister of in­ Among the subjects to be treated at the politicians and militarists! terior, Reinaldo Leandro Mora, confirmed the October 9-12 meeting ls the distribution of "Professors and Teachers: Priofessors must El Tiempo story, saying that his information funds made available by the USSR for main­ be surrounded and made to work in har­ "fully coincides with the reporits published taining guerrilla movements and a member­ mony with the priests. in the Bogota daily." ship drive within universities, schools, labor "Campesinos: It is a proven fact that these Urban riots, which the Bronheim-Lodge­ unions and the like. are the most difficult to incorporate into our Dungan axis concludes have not received Soviet intrigue extends southward toward movement. They must, therefore, be directed support or encouragement from Communists, the tip of the continent. In Brazil, Gov. by local priests in the interior of the coun­ convulsed five Colombian cities last Jan­ Abreu Sodre of Sao Paulo Sta.te said recently try and made to occupy the land." uary and left 13 killed and 200 arrested. They that terrorists operating in his country re­ It is perhaps necessary to add that La were the direct result of plans made at the ceive both local and foreign aid from Prensa is no stooge of President Juan Carlos guerrilla conference. Communists. Ongania; Publisher Gainza Paz established Citing another Bogota daily, El Espectador, The governor's statement came on the his integrity long ago when he steadfastly that two members of the Soviet Embassy at­ heels of the discovery of a Castro-Communist opposed Juan Per6n and was sent into exile tended a meeting of Marxist labor leaders training oamp containing a powerful radio for years. which planned those riots, El Tiempo went transmitter capable of reaching Cuba, a heli­ In any event, Communist (and specifically, on to say on January 19: "The rioters re­ copter landing site and large amounts of Soviet) complicity in guerrilla wars and the ceived instructions from the Central Com­ arms and ammunition. advancement of continental subversion on a. mittee of the pro-Soviet Communist party in Thirty-two members of the Revolutiona,ry well-organized basis is so obvious as to be Bogota to take advantage of a labor dispute Movement of October 8 were captured, in­ ostentatious--making hash out of the in­ involving a. hike in bus fares to create cluding a P.araguayan who had received guer­ credible therories proffered by the Bronstein­ a waive of terror." The signal to start the rilla. training in Cuba. The movement, called Lodge-Dungan trio. riots was given by radio from Havana. Presi­ "MR--8," was found to be operating on funds Indeed, in many Latin countries only the dent Lleras Restrepo was able to control the provided iniitially by Cuba and Russia plus police and milltary establishment stand situation only after mobilizing tens of money taken i.n bank robberies by urban against Soviet intrigue and the formidable troops and placing the five cities under a form terrorists who had been trained· in the art array of cold-and-hot-war weaponry the of martial law. in Cuba.. Communists employ. Thus, Venezuela's de­ Moreover, President Lleras discovered that On August 4 Bolivia's morning paper, El fense minister, Martin Garcia Villamil, ac­ an official from the Soviet Embassy in Diario, quoted a caiptured guerrilla to the knowledged the importance of U.S. aid when Havana periodically traveled to Mexico City effect that former Vice President Juan Le­ he declared on August 12 that Communist to turn over money to a Castroite courier. ohin (a far-leftist) was recruiting guerrilla subversion was on the march in Latin Amer­ The courier then took the funds to Bogota. candidates for training in Cuba. The guer­ ican countries and that "the technical ad­ for the purpose of supporting Communist rillas, identified as Felix Melgar Antelo, had vice of U.S. military missions is useful to guerrilas. One was captured at El Dorado air­ been. enUsted by Leohfn, trained in Cuba and the armed forces of our country." port in Bogota with $100,000 in U.S. money then returned to a ready-made organization Opposing the Church-Lodge-Dungan­ together with Soviet plans to intensify both of subversion set up in his absence. He stated Bronheim assault on both common sense and urban and rural guerrma wars in Columbia, that Cuba is now elaborately equipped to the U.S. military is the House Subcommittee Venezuela, Bolivia and Panama. support guerrilla subversives-with false on Inter-American Affairs. In recent hear­ These initial Soviet beginnings in creating passports, disguises, money and sophisticated ings Gen. George R. Mather pointed out de­ a united "continental guerrilla force" have equipment of all sort. fense costs of 15 Latin American nations advanced considerably over the following six Soviet-Cuban coordination in spreading averaged only 10.9 per cent of national bud­ months. guerrilla wars, urban terrorism and the like gets last year-less than 2 per cent of their On July 1 the French news service AFP was exposed only recently by a Castro de­ gross national product. What ls more, the moved this starling story. Said AFP over a fector, Orlando Castro Hidalgo. He revealed money going to the military is to replace that Cuban in:telligence is under the a;bsolute antiquated equipment, some of it dating Bogota dateline: "Military sources here re­ control of the Soviet Union, and said that back to pre-World War II days. Little or no vealed today that Colombian and Venezuelan as a member of that service in Paris he sup­ expansion is being made in mUltary forces, guerrillas recently merged. They did so on plied Latin American revolutionaries and though such expansion would seem to be the recommendation of the Soviet Union. guerrilla leaders with money, passports and badly needed at this point. Venezuelan Pompilio Figueredo has an­ hideouts. Many Washington officials are concerned nounced that the Soivet Union is prepared to Castro Hidalgo also stated that the myth over the testimony given to the Church sub­ finance these rebel groups on the condition that Castro is easing up on his export of committee by Messrs. Dungan, Bronheim and that the merger will formally take place to guerrilla wars is nonsense; to the contrary, it Lodge. For example, Mr. Bronheim was a key put an end to ideological quarrels among is proceeding with greater finesse under So- member of Gov. Rockefeller's recent mission September 9, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24931 to Latin America on behalf of President Nix­ and Mrs. Adelaide Eisenmann, coordina­ The play moves rapidly to a predictable on. If the report-which was submitted by tor of the National Capital pilot demon­ climax. A banker has just refused to grant the governor la.st week, but not made pub­ stration project responsible for the 14 Rlcha.r'dson a mortgage loan to enable him lic--contains the prejudices and unsupported to become a partner in a small dry cleaning theories as expressed by Mr. Broheim before organizations involved in staging this plant. He goes berserk after learning that the Senate, then the credibility of the whole production, are to be particularly com­ his younger ohild has succumbed to rat bites report will be very much open to question. mended for their efforts. Should Mr. in the f,amtly's frightful hovel. Those liberals who constantly deplore the Young and Mrs. Eisenmann achieve Mrs. Richardson, who is one of the victims shrinking image of the United States in the their goal in having this play performed of her husband's rage, reacts to the shatter­ eyes of Latins, and allege that it stems from again, hopefully throughout the Nation, ing of his hopes for independence and says unwarranted U.S. support to Latin Amer­ I would recommend it highly to my col­ how hard it is to see her husband "made ican military dictators, had better take a leagues. But in the meantime, Mr. Gil­ meaner and smaller" each day. But, she long look at the display of intellectual dis­ won't pres.s charges against him, although honesty, ignorance or just plain naivete as it bert's review captures the full essence the authorities want her to, because she is appeared in the Senate. and meaning of the play, and because of glad to find he can still fight back. There are many points on which one can the drama's deep and subtle meaning, Discussion leaders ask audience groupings agree with Mr. Bronhelm, as, for example, I want to bring his review to the atten­ to write on index cards what they think the "the leading mythology which claims that tion of my colleagues. Mr. Speaker, I play n:.eans to them. Outrage and frustration the very poor and oppressed are a.n explosl ve insert the review at this point in the are typical answers. The Richardsons are element and that by improving their lives RECORD: trapped by the system. Acknowledgment of they will be less explosive." But all that Mr. guilt is slow to appear, but it is there. A few Bronheim has done ls to substitute his own A DRAMA EXPLORES MEANING OF RACISM whites in the audience of 450 find it all too mythology that communism is no driving (By Ben W. Gilbert) painful and depart. force in La.tin America and that the best The young black lawyer turns to the two The leaders probe gently. What can be done way to handle problems there is to cut off white courtroom witnesses, a man and a about it? Clear-cut answers do not emerge, military aid. woman, and angrily charges that they are but that is not surprising. Nevertheless, there This slack-Jawed, lazy-minded view is guilty of the violent crimes for which his is evident identification of the problem and aptly described in the editorial appearing in black client, Nathan Richardson, ls on trial. the system that produced it, thereby pro­ the July 6 edition of O Estado do Brasil: "To It is the operung scene of "The Man Nobody viding a better understanding of what is hold that the armed forces are a. factor of Saw" at the Smithsonian Auditorium. meant by the Clharge of white racism. 1nstabil1ty [referring to Mr. Dungan's testi­ The lawyer's charge appears too stark, too Although the charges against Richardson mony] is similar to arguing that communism shocking to reach many persons in the audi­ are serious-"arson, assault, aittacking his is a force compatible with the exercise of ence yet. The two white actors who will play wife, felonious stealing and other ac~ of an democracy. And that, in resume, is what a succession of roles no doubt will turn out incencMary nature," a thread of compassion those who testified before the U.S. Senate to be mean, horribly racist persons whose ties the audience to him and focuses discus­ wanted to prove." outrageous behavior will confirm the law­ sion on his plight, rather than his offense, The editorial concludes: "It remains only yer's charge and thereby establish the inno­ an acknowledgement of wha.t the Kerner to say that if the characterization as 'doves' cence of the defendant who is both black and comm.isslon has called the "destructive envi­ and 'hawks' is apt for the two currents of poor. And then, the audience will be asked ronment unknown to most white Americans" thought on American policy, the personali­ to decide what should be done with the that segregation and poverty (and white rac­ ties we mention in this commentary [Dun­ white characters. ism) have creaited in the Nation's ghettos. gan, Bronheim, Lodge J in all justice deserve But no, it turns out that the whites por­ In a discussion guide prepared for the eve­ to be included in a category that is not at trayed are generally well-intentioned, ordi­ ning, Whitney Young, executive director of all novel: that of ostriches." nary persons-insensitive, perhaps, but not the National Urban League, defines white hateful. They fail to realize the impact of racism as "the effect of white institutions on their casual, occasionally prejudicial, but the life of the ghetto . . . the things that "THE MAN NOBODY SAW" seldom overtly hostile actions on the young more or less well-meaning white people do, Negro family, Richardson, his wife who ls unknowingly and unthinkingly, that cripple a domestic, and their two children. lives in the black community." HON. JAMES C. CORMAN Is this failure of whites to understand this "White racism," Young says, "doesn't mean lack of sensitivity and empathy, racism? that Americans in any large numbers want to OF CALIFORNIA The unasked question becomes the central lynch Negroes or send blacks back to Africa, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES problem of the play and a key element of but it does mean that the vast majority of white Americans ... to make basic assump­ Tuesday, September 9, 1969 the audience discussion to follow. The Ker­ ner commission whose report inspired the tions of theFrance's repudiation of this agreement called him nasty names, the late Joe McCar­ brought on a 7-year war. Untll the victory thy kicked him in the groin, accused him ON ASSESSING HO CHI MINH of Dien Bien Phu, Ho received no official of being a Communist and inspired a suc­ diplomatic recognition from either Com­ cessful boycott of his radio program. munist China or Russia. The columnist's revelations led to the cen­ HON. ABNER J. MIKVA The cease-fire accord signed at Geneva sure of Sen. Thomas J. Dodd of Connecticut. OF ILLINOIS divided Vietnam at the 17th Parallel, creat­ Pearson was denied a Pulitzer Prize, although IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing a North and a South Vietnam. Elections recommended by the jury, because of distaste were promised as a means of unifying the for the methods he used. Tuesday, September 9, 1969 country. Withal, Drew Pearson was a quiet, self­ Mr. MIKVA. Mr. Speaker, this body Al though a party of the Geneva accord, effacing man with the manners of a diplo­ the United States declined to sign it. South mat and the conscience of his Quaker birth­ has heard some discussion in recent days Vietnam, also a nonsignatory, refused to hold right. over the assessment by his own country­ the elections. It was Gen. Eisenhower's His faults notwithstanding, Drew Pearson's men of the career of North Vietnamese opinion at the time that 1f elections had been crusades turned the light on the dark crev­ Leader Ho Chi Minh. It has unfortu­ held, Ho would have received about 80 per ices of government where lesser men sought nately been implied that to reeognize cent of the vote. to conceal their deceits. Ho's standing as a nationalist and pa­ The United States made a lamentable mis­ triot in his own country is somehow to take in appraising the Vietnam situation WE'VE RUN OUT OF "BAD GUYS" praise him and to dishonor the memory following World War II. (By Mike Royko) Ho had collaborated with American 0.S.S. The day after President Truman an­ of American soldiers who have died in agents during the Japanese occupation. He South Vietnam. nounced that Hitler was finally dead, the hoped, and with some cause, that the Ameri­ Illinois Legislature happily passed this reso­ In light of this line of argument, I was cans might support Vietnamese independ­ lution: interested to note in reading through ence after the Japanese defeat. "We hereby commend Hitler on the one one edition of a paper from my home Franklin D. Roosevelt had declared his good act of his career . . . and condemn him town, the Chicago Daily News, two col­ distaste of colonialism and remarked that for not having died 56 years ago." umns which treated-one seriously and Vietnam must never be returned to the British radio marked the event by quoting one humorously-the significance of Ho French. Shakespeare: "The day is over. That bloody Chi Minh's career and of his death. The Yet the United States sided with the dog is dead." French and supported return of their Everyone was happy. Strangers bought widely read publisher and columnist colonial power to Indochina. At that time, each other drinks, celebrated, cheered. Peo­ John S. Knight had a column under the popular opinion in this country was im­ ple beamed and talked about it on the street. headline "Yes, Ho Was a Red, But Also bued by the fear of a monolithic communism It couldn't have happened to a more deserv­ a Firm Nationalist." One of Chicago's which might one day dominate the world. ing monster, they all agreed. most talented writers and humorists, Mr. We had learned nothing from the French The reaction was the same, on a lesser Mike Royko, has made somewhat the fiasco and even less about the impossibility scale, when Mussolini got his. And when Tojo same point mixed with .some shrewd ob­ of shooting down either nationalism or com­ tried to kill himself, people hoped he'd sur­ munism with superior fire power. vive, which he did, because they wanted to servations about the attitude of Ameri­ And that, ladies and gentlemen, is why we see him hanged, which he was. cans toward the war in South Vietnam. are today in Vietnam-uncertain, bewildered, And why not? Next to a total victory over It has been said, Mr. Speaker, that a boastfully reciting the huge enemy casual­ the enemy nation, there's nothing as encour­ Member's comments about Ho Chi Minh's ties one day and pleading in Paris with aging as the death of the enemy nation's standing among his own countrymen re­ North Vietnam for peace on the next. leader. flects adversely on his qualifications to No one can be sure yet whether Ho's pass­ That's why I couldn't wait to get down­ sit in this body. I submit that this is no ing wlll raise or diminish our hopes for an town after I turned on the radio and heard more true than that John S. Knight's end to the fighting. that Ho Chi Minh had died. This will largely depend upon Ho's succes­ Stuffing my pockets with confetti and comments reflect adversely on his qual­ sors, all tough and seasoned disciples of their party noisemakers, donning a red-white-and­ ifications as a publisher or Mike Royko's fallen leader's philosophy. But the impres­ blue straw hat, and humming a medley of on his qualifications as a columnist and sion persists that they may lack the old George M. Cohan songs, I set out to join in journalist. The most important point, man's tenacity of purpose and even find it the patriotic outbursts I was sure would be however, is that this body must remain, to their advantage to become less dogma.tic sweeping the Loop. as it has traditionally been, a forum in at Paris. Strangely, I couldn't find any happy crowds which all opinions may be heard and all After a proper interval, President Nixon gathering at State and Madison. People went should take the initiative. about their business as if nothing wonder­ voices raised without fear of misrepre­ This is not the hour to make threats, be­ ful had happened. sentation or recrimination. To the extent labor the past and snarl over trivia. And in the bars, nobody made "V" signs that this freedom of comment and de­ Rather we should be generous in our pro­ with their hands, drank a toast, or sang bate is hindered or restricted, all the posals and seek a workable compromise "Roll me over in the clover.... " Members of this House and all the people which may not satisfy the hard liners on So I hurried to the office to read the papers of this Nation are the losers. either side. and make sure I hadn't misunderstood the The articles referred to follow: Of prime importance is to devise a way to radio announcer. bring the fighting to an end as we, together No mistake. It was right there in black YES, Ho WAS A RED, BUT ALSO A FIRM with other nations, s·trive for solutions which NATIONALIST and white. Ho was dead, all right. can alleviate world tensions and bring to all At least, I thought, there would be the (By John S. Knight) of Vietnam the democratic processes so es­ satisfaction of reading about the monster's The death of Ho Chi Minh marks a mile­ sential to the welfare and progress of that end. I began looking for the stories quoting stone in the history of Indochina. beleaguered land. out national leaders about what a great vic­ Ho was a dedicated Communist, trained in In my various editoz:tal capacities, I have tory for freedom his demise was; about how Moscow. But he was likewise a confirmed published Drew Pearson's column since 1934 death was too good for this Red octopus nationalist who roused his people with the and often to the disgust of some readers. who tried to crush us in the tentacles of in­ cry for independence of his homeland. In explanation as to "Why you print that ternational communism. I wanted to savor In his youth, this ruthless, intell1gent and so-and-so," the reply has always been made the editorials that would say the world can resourceful man was impressed by President that while Drew is sometimes careless with rest a little easier today, and that this ter­ Woodrow Wilson's 14 points as enunciated the facts, he nevertheless manages to dig up rible man left a dark splat on the pages of at Versa1lles. He sought unsuccessfully to pertinent information we don't get from any history. petition the Versailles conference with simi­ other source. - But the situation got even more confusing. lar guarantees for these freedoms 1n Viet­ And Pearson never took exception to the The President hadn't even commented on nam. editor's authority to set him straight. point Ho's death. Hardly anyone in public life said When spurned, Ho turned to Communism out errors or simply toss the offending col­ anything. There were no sardonic resolutions as the only effective way to gain his objective. umn in the round file. being passed by legislatures anywhere. Ho's further frustration came in 1946 when On his more than 50 libel suits, Drew once Even more remarkable, some stories and the French reneged on an agreement to wrote me: "I am rather proud e;f them be­ editorials described him as being a "George permit the Democratic Republic of Viet- cause it would be fairly easy to settle and Washington to millions of Vietnamese." 24934 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 9, 1969 One editorial talked about his "unrelent­ greatest number of votes for President and stituents have expressed concern about the ing and unswerving fight of more than 30 Vice President would be elected, provided limited burial spa{:e there and the restric­ years to free all of Vietnam from foreign however, that if no one received at least 40 % tions recently established. Even under the domination." Of the whole number of votes cast, there restricted rules, however, Arlington will be A hard-bitten war correspondent who had would be a run-off election between the two completely filled by 1985. The suggestion was spent more than two years in the thick of pairs of persons who received the highest and made that an auxiliary be established at the the Vietnam battles, described Ho as being seoond highest number of votes. While a Manassas Battlefield Park as a supplement to "venerable, bearded, ancient, gracious, 2/3rd vote is required for passa,ge, the meas­ Arlington. Of course, the battlefield ls already grandfatherly." ure is popular and will probably be approved an historical shrine in view of the first and And the most flag-waving paper in town, in the House of Representatives. The Senate second battles of Bull Run or Manassas dur­ which I had expected to verbally dance on Judiciary Subcommittee on constitutional ing the Oivil War. However, a heroes' ceme­ his grave, didn't say one editorial word. Amend,ments, however, has recommended a tery such as exists at Arlington would relieve Just about the only harsh comment I could different plan for electing the President and the present congestion and provide a buffer find was the rather obvious fact that he was the Vice President. Under its proposal, known area against encroachment by commercial a big communist. But even that was tem­ as the "District Plan, the President and Vice interests. My bill would authorize the acqui­ pered by the observation that he was even President would be selected by receiving the sition of not more than 500 acres of land to more of a Vietnam nationalist than a Com­ greater number of votes in a majority of each meet present and future burial needs. Even munist. of the 435 congressional Districts in the though I know your views on this proposal Unbelievable as it was, there is no getting country, and in addition, a majority of the at because of the annual questionnaire and per­ around it: He came off sounding better than large votes corresponding with the two Sen­ sonal contact, you may want to share them some of the people who are on our side. ators from each state. with the Chairman of the committee con­ What kind of patriotism is that? Comm,on The present electoral system for electing ducting the hearing. He is Congressman Olin sense alone should tell us that he was a the President and Vice President was a com­ Teague, Chairman, Committee on Veterans fl.end of the darkest evil. Why else would we promise which grew out of the Constitutional Affairs, House of Representatives, Washing­ be killing his followers by the hundreds of convention of 1787. Some wanted the Presi­ ton, D.C. 20515. dent to be elected directly by the people thousands, and losing more than 30,000 of GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES our own men doing it? If that many of his while others felt that the selection should followers are bad enough to deserve killing, be made by either the Congress or the State The committee on Post Office and Civil imagine what he, the leader, was like? Legislature. However, the present method Service has favorably reported a bill to estab­ And the fact that we've been at it Longer provides that the Chief Executive be Chosen lish a Federal Employee Salary Commission than we were in World War II should be by electors equal to the 535 members of both to fix future federal employees' salaries, prima facie evidence that he was probably Houses of the Congress plus three electors subject to appeal to a Board of Arbitration the most evil man in the world, because if from the District of Columbia, and in order and ultimately a Congressional veto. It pro­ he wasn't, why aren't we fighting the guy to be elected President or Vice President, a vides an a.dditional pay raise for postal work­ who is? candidate must receive a majority of all elec­ ers but none for other government employees. I hope the next time we get into a limited toral votes. Each year, the commission would report its war, we find an enemy with a more hateful Certainly a direct vote of the people is a recommendations to the Congress on the leader. After all, we do have freedom of democratic way of selecting our two top gov­ first of February and these recommendations choice. ernment executives. However, in our cities we would become law unless vetoed by the Con­ have bloc voting to a great extent and the gress within thirty days. The Postal Em­ District Plan adopted by the Senate Commit­ ployees Union generally support the measure but other Government Unions oppose it. NEWSLE'ITER tee has considerable appeal. The measure was scheduled to be considered for the balance of There is considerable doubt in my mind as to the week with the understanding that if final whether the Congress and the President HON. WILLIAM LLOYD SCOTT action were not taken, it would go over for should abdicate their jurisdiction over fed­ further consideration next week. Some re­ eral salaries. The responsibility for develop­ OF VIRGINIA scheduling may be made because of the death ing a budget rests with the President and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of Senator Dirksen. This should be one of the government employees' salaries constitute a large portion of the budget. Therefore, it does Tuesday, September 9, 1969 moot interesting and important matters con­ sidered by the Congress in recent years and not seem reasonable to have these salaries Mr. SCO'IT. Mr. Speaker, in an effort I want to hear arguments on the proposed determined without any opportunity for him to keep the people of the Eighth District amendments, but do intend to vote for abol­ to pass upon them, and none is provided ishing the present electoral system. in the bill. As congress has a responsibility informed I send out a newsletter to all to appropriate funds, it seems reasonable that who request it and am inserting at this FUTURE ACTIVITIES it would also have a voice in determining point in the RECORD a copy of the Sep­ The President has indicated that many the amount of salaries. However, there should tember issue for the information of the public projects financed in whole or in part be an opportunity to amend or rewrite the membership: by the federal government wm be curtailed, measure when it is considered on the floor and I am not sure at this time whrut effect, YOUR CONGRESSMAN Bll.L ScO'l"l' REPORTS of the House, and I am not sure of how the if any, this determination will have upon final version will read. CONGRESSIONAL VACATIONS any proposal within our district. However, The Congress was in recess for three weeks inflation is a matter that concerns us all, and FLOOD RELIEF and reconvened last Wednesday. This is a de­ especially a person on a fixed salary or a Six counties in our Congressional District parture from the usual procedure of having a retirement inoome. Therefore, it seems rea­ were affected by the recent heavy rainfall continuous session beginning in January. sonable to support efforts to control spending and flooding. Although other areas of Virginia However, the sessions have become so long and to establish a stable dollar. Another suffered more damage, these counties are said that they almost run throughout the year, proposal of the President relates to welfare. to qualify for federal assistance. Assistance, if and some of the younger Members with He speaks of transferring people from the needed, is available through the Small Busi­ school age children urged a vacation time welfare roll to the payroll and the key word in ness Administration (SBA), the Department during the summer which they could share his plan appears to be "work." We would all of. Agriculture, and, of course, the various with their families. agree that there is an obligation to support private agencies. The SBA regional office in Inez and I spent a portion of the time on persons unable to care for themselves because Richmond can take applications for loans to our boat on the Potomac, some of the time of age, mental or physical deficienc-ies, but as repair businesses and homes damaged or de­ working around the house, but the entire I understand the President's proposal, it will stroyed by the storms and floods. Loans may vacation within the district. We also had an be to encourage persons to obtain employ­ be made direct or in cooperation with local opportunity to attend some activities spon­ ment in private industry and develop a plan banks. In some cases, the SBA will guaran­ sored by civic groups, to spend some time in whereby it will be in their financial interest tee a loan made directly by a bank. It must the district office at Fredericksburg, and the to work rather than stay on relief. A provi­ be pointed out that emergency loans are for remainder in the Washington office. sion is also included for job traimng and a eme~gency purposes only, such as to replace ELECTORAL REFORM person able to work who will not accept furmture destroyed in the flood or to repair tra.ining or a job will be eliminated from the homes damaged by the flood. In addition to A most important measure is now before welfare roles. its vital role in feeding victims of the storm, the House of Representatives for considera­ the Department of Agriculture also provides tion. It proposes to a.mend the constitution NATIONAL CEMETERY to provide for the direct election of the Presi­ The Conum,ttee on Veterans Aff,airs will aid for farmers. Emergency loans are avail­ dent and the Vice President and to eliminaite conduot a hearing on September 23 at 10:00 able through FHA, and feedgrain is available the electoral college. Under the proposal, a a.m., on H.R. 8818, to provide for the estab­ on an interim basis for farmers whose stores single vote would be cast for two persons who lishment of a national cemetery adjacent to were affected by the storm. The six counties have consented to the joining of their names the Manassas Battlefield Park. During the eligible for these services include Caroline, as candidates for the offices of President and past century, Arlington has become an out­ Charles City, Goochland, Hanover, New Kent, Vice President. No candidate could consent standing and cherished na!tional shrine com­ and Louisa. Information and literature can to the joining of his name with more than memorating the lives and services of mem­ be obtained through the appropriate agency one person. The pair of persons receiving the bers of the armed forces. A number of con- or through this office. September 9, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24935

AMONG OUR CORRESPONDENCE the integration of the South Carolina Dental has consistently demonstrated an out­ A oon stituent wrote regarding the inade­ Society. standing ability in science, economic quacy of the postal facilit ies at Dumfries in­ Judge Haynsworth, the fifth generation of growth, and agriculture. Her strides in dicating that persons parking at the facility the same family that has produced esteemed all areas of endeavor over the short span had to back out into U.S. Route 1. The members of the bar in South Carolina, has shown that he likes to decide each case on of two decades serve as indisputable Postmaster General, however, advised on Sep­ testimony to her ability to tackle and to tember 5 that the department is proposing its merits and its constitutionality. His judi­ construction of a new facility for the com­ cial' temperament and scholarship have overcome the most difficult obstacles. munity and that a report will be sent at an earned him a reputation as a distinguished Mr. Speaker, the inclusion of this leg­ early date. jurist, a reputation which we hope his ten~e islation in the Foreign Assistance Act of NEWSLETTER on the Supreme Court will further embellish. 1969 will mark a giant step in the world's If you are not presently receiving the news­ effort to assure a more peaceful and a letter and would like copies each month, more prosperous future for all mankind. please let us know. However, if you are al­ ready on the mailing list and are regularly DESALTING PLANT IN ISRAEL receiving it no further action on your part is necessary. EULOGY OF THE LATE EDWARD SOMETHING TO PONDER HON. JOSEPH G. MINISH A. KELLY Noah didn't wait for his ship to come in; OF NEW JERSEY he built his own. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, September 9, 1969 HON. JOHN W. McCORMACK Mr. MINISH. Mr. Speaker, I am today OF MASSACHUSETTS JUDGE TO JUSTICE introducing legislation to amend the For­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES eign Assistance Act to authorize the Thursday, September 4, 1969 HON. HASTINGS KEITH United States to participate in the de­ Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, velopment of a large desalting plant in recent weeks have seen the passing of OF MASSACHUSETTS Israel. The proposal presently is pending IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES distinguished Americans whose service before the House Foreign Affairs Com­ to the Nation can never be fully meas­ Tuesday, September 9, 1969 mittee and I urge favorable considera­ ured. Not least among these stands the tion of this worthwhile project by the Mr. KEITH. Mr. Speaker, the nomi­ name of Edward A. Kelly, dear friend members of that body. and honored colleague of whose life it nation of Judge Clement Haynsworth to The project in question is a dual pur­ the U.S. Supreme Court has drawn a is my privilege to speak on this occasion. pose power and desalting plant designed To an exceptional degree, Edward certain amount of fire, as every Supreme to eventually produce 40 million gallons Court nomination does. In Judge Hayns­ Kelly was very much a part of the dra­ of fresh water per day. Under the legis­ matic event which shaped American­ worth's case the critics argue that he lation, the U.S. Government would ex­ has "dragged his feet" on civil rights and therefore world-history during the tend $40 million to Israel to pay half the great years of the New Deal and the in his earlier decisions in the South. cost of constructing the water plant and The critics are finding it difficult to Second World War, an era crucial to the half the cost of 5 years' operation. Israel survival of this Nation and, indeed, of gain much support in their efforts to would cover the balance for the water those ideals and values which our block the nomination of the judge, for plant and assume the entire cost of the Judaeo-Christian tradition has held be­ the simple reason that they have a poor power facility. A conservative estimate fore men's eyes through centuries of case. Those who have examined Judge has placed the projects total cost to Is­ struggle--freedom, justice, and compas­ Haynsworth's overall record find it to be rael at approximately $100 million. sion. Edward Kelly came to the Congress a fair and progressive one. While one Israel anticipates a severe water short­ of the United States in 1931 in the heart might quarrel with some of his earlier age in the next decade and must seek as­ of the depression. Always a vigorous sup­ civil rights rulings, the majority of his sistance in the development of fresh­ porter of President Franklin D. Roose­ decisions in this are~and certainly water conversion methods. By necessity, velt , he served not only in the 72d but most that he has made in recent years-­ Israel maintains a large defense force at in the five succeeding Congresses until show an outstanding degree of fairness great expense to her citizens. Unlike his defeat in 1942. In 1945 he returned and regard for the merit of the individ­ the Arab governments, Israel is not re­ to the city on his election to the 79th ual case. ceiving free arms assistance from any Congress. Defeated in his bid for the 80th Although a southerner, Judge Hayns­ nation. When available, essential arma­ Congress in 1946, he was able to look worth has drawn editorial praise from ments must be purchased at staggering back upon some 14 years of distinguished every end of the country; including my costs from the few nations willing and service in this House, years of triumph own area of New England. The Boston able to cooperate toward the goal of a and of defeat alike, years which marked' Herald Traveler recently ran such an free, sovereign, secure Israel at peace the recovery of our people from the most editorial and I am glad for the oppor­ with her neighbors. serious economic crisis of our history and tunity t~ bring it to the attention of my The development in Israel of the which prepared them for the fierce time colleagues: world's first major desalination installa­ of testing which began at Pearl Harbor JUDGE TO JUSTICE tion promises rich dividends to the and culminated at Berlin and Hiroshima. President Nixon's nomination of Judge United States in return for a modest in­ It was Edward Kelly's privilege to serve Clement F. Haynsworth Jr. of South Carolina vestment. A critical shortage of fresh in this body during that time and to par­ to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme water for home and industrial use will ticipate in the shaping of decisions, na­ Court seeins to be an excellent choice. confront much of the world, including tional and international, which were to Mr. Haynsworth, the chief judge of the parts of the United States, in future dec­ vindicate the cause of representative U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth District, ades if a solid beginning of research and government in the never-ending conflict meets superbly what President Nixon con­ development in desalting is not made siders the qualifications for the nation's with tyranny and oppression. promptly. As former President Lyndon Edward Kelly was a man loyal to party, highest tribunal: He is prudent, fair-minded, Johnson said on February 6, 1964: erudite and keen. in the best tradition of American politi­ These qualifications should commend Our own water problems in this country cal life. He recognized that the two-party Judge Haynsworth to the U.S. Senate, not­ are not yet solved. We, like Israel, need to system is an effective means to the com­ withstanding complaints from some liberal find cheap wa ys of converting salt water to mon good. In this spirit he served his and civil rights leaders about some of Judge fresh water, so let us work together. party tirelessly. Born in the city of Chi­ Haynsworth's earlier declslons. Israel constitutes the ideal setting for cago in 1892, he was a lifelong Demo­ Mr. Haynsworth himself is the first to con­ a prototype project in desalination to crat who, at the age of only 23, was cede that he has, like most men, changed his mlnd over the years, and although some of benefit all mankind. Anticipating a se­ elected president of the 32d ward of his h1s earlier opinions showed conservatism vere water problem, the Israel Govern­ party organization. Political and civic re­ and caution in civil rights cases, he cannot ment already has begun to acquire skill sponsibility were for him a way of life. be categorized as a foot-dragger in the fed­ and experience in the management of From 1944 to 1946 he served with distinc­ eral judiciary's steady expansion of cl vil her meager water supply and the pro­ tion on the Chicago Planning Committee. liberties. In 1965, for example, he decreed duction of fresh water. Moreover, Israel From 1943 to 1945 he was assistant to the 24936 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 9, 1969 chief justice of the Chicago municipal 747 generation in-just about Christmas Inan in Australia said, "I'd like the reserva­ court. . . time--by offering you flights from San Fran­ tion now, and I will send you the check in His patriotic zeal found expression m cisco to Hawaii. Shortly thereaft.er we'll be 1984." flying from San Francisco to Tokyo, per­ the Great War: from 1917 to 1919 he I suppose in some respects things may haps without even a fuel stop all the way, be easier getting out to San Francisco In­ .served with the American Expediti?n­ with this fabulous space jet. ternational Airport for that first moon flight, ary Force in Battery D of the 32d Field When you hear the word space jet, you too. Bart will be working by then, and I Artillery, including 9 months overseas. think maybe of astronauts, you think ma'ybe hope it will be extended to the airport, aod Prior to the coming of the war, he had of jets, you think of space. And that's the maybe even to the moonport. All of us he1·e attended business college-in 1911. From real thing we're going to sell-all of us air­ remember what flying was like only a decade 1916 to 1920, barring the war years, he lines are going to fly this airplane. Since ago. In his generous introduction, Mr. Dln­ our boys are on the way to the moon, I think kelspiel pointed out that I'd had the priv­ was an accountant for the Illinois Steel this is an auspicious day to Inake predictions. co. The experience thus acquired led him ilege as a Lt. JG in the Navy to fly a pro­ Considering what is happening within these pellerless airplane across the United States, into real estate and insurance brokerage; last few years, I can't think of anything just about 15 years ago. It really was a in 1920 he organized the E. A. Kelly Co. that would be way out any more and, on the startling event. I recall, contrary to all reg­ This interest which gave him practical other hand, if any company president makes ulations of the Navy and FAA and everyone insight into 'the problems of industry, predictions that may be considered way in, else, that flying a little formation at a dis­ continued, and in 1947 he returned to the he may find himself in trouble with the creet distance from commercial airliner, we field of industrial real estate as a broker, SEC. Even after skipping a dividend. got in fairly close and the co-pilot looked I'm going to try to talk to you about some­ over and saw this propless beast, off his wing, following his retirement from Congress. thing that is here and now, and to intrigue He is remembered today with respect and he damn near fainted. you with a little bit of the future. All of The prospect, too, of an airplane taxiing and affection not only by the people of our lives will be affected by two great mo­ without any propellers into an airport, was the Third District of Illinois whom he tions, or tides, I think. The myst.ery of life a rather scary one then. I think 10 years served for so many years but by all who itself is now being seen in a completely new ago, millions of people weren't quite aware came into contact with him in this House, perspective, and the mastery of change that they'd stepped into a mobile decade. where he was a member of the Interstate which is engulfing us in so many ways, with The engineers even then were rolling doodles so many vortices all around the world. A off their drawing boards, but a lot of them and Foreign Commerce Committee. big order, I think, but let me try. To his family-his dear wife, the for­ never got airborne. There were lots of brain­ The Boeing 747 is hardly a small machine, storming sessions-many of them here in mer Rosemary Eulert; his two brothers as our chairman pointed out. It's I think San Francisco as the aerodynamicists and and three sisters; his children-Robert, a bird that will bear people all over the electronicists of the area planned our future. formerly of the U.S. Naval Academy and world, all over this great universe of ours, One of those impossible doodles did take all-American halfback at Notre Dame, and it will I guess, create a generation gap off just a short time ago for a nonstop flight Edward A. Jr., and Rosemary; and to his in the sense of the difference between what from Seattle to Paris. It was the first 747 eight grandchildren-I extend deepest we've been accustomed to and what we'll to fly the ocean, and that particular airplane become accustomed to. will be delivered to us in September of this sympathy in their and our loss. Surely Now, as Mr. Dinkelspiel said, it is only a they may find consolation not only in the year. It drove up next door to another doodle bit more than a triple size 707 with a bump called the Concorde Supersonic Transport­ assurances of faith but also in the hon­ on its nose, but it will fly about 50 miles an a fabulous partnership across the Channel ored memory of his life, a life charac­ hour faster. It's startingly quiet, and leaves between two great nations and their tech­ terized by loyalty, service, and fidelity, no trail of black smoke for the neighbors to nologies. And due, but not present at the ideals which, precious in every genera­ be irritated by. All of these things are more Paris Air Show, was another doodle--from tion, constitute a noble legacy to us than new makeup on an old lady. Some air­ Moscow. The TU144, designed by a very bril­ line friends of ours have tried to change all. liant engineer, Andre Nicolavitch Tuppelef, personalities by painting themselves up a bit, who at 81, with his son, designed this fabu­ and I must admit it gets initial attention, if lous supersonic transport which has now that's what you need. - THE 747 GENERATION been tested at supersonic speeds. We have But the payoff comes from what's under­ to face the possibil1ty that it wm be flying neath the paint and that applies to an air­ first across Siberia and then across the At­ HON. WILLIAM S. MAILLIARD plane as much as to a lady. The first genera­ lantic in competition with our airliners and tion of commercial jets, the 707s, DC-8s were those of the rest of the world. OF CALIFORNIA very productive and amazingly reliable. They We've been invited to go and see it, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES provided a new perimeter-a sort of an ex­ it will be for an antique test pilot, a very panded envelope for human activity. They Tuesday, September 9, 1969 exciting adventure. This moment in Paris really have, through their technology, en­ was a bit sad because our supersonic airliner Mr. MAILLIARD. Mr. Speaker, we have larged all of our lives. Unhappily, as more is still in a paper debate, and although Euro­ survived, happily, the changes 10 years and more people flock to these airplanes, the peans have two designs and three airplanes of the jet transport age have wrought. It airports became too crowded, the terminals flying, it looks as though it will be in the too small, the airport access routes too clut­ late 70s, before · we are able to field one. It was in the autumn of 1958 when Pan tered and clogged. In a sense, we've had al­ American World Airways inaugurated jet may be a serious and expensive mistake. most too much success. We've certainly given our friends abroad a service between the United States and Now we're only beginning to face up realis­ gift of lead time, and they've been doing Europe with 707 aircraft. Before the year tically to these problems, explore better ways it, and they've been developing a machine is out Pan Am will bring still another to exploit the great technological advance that is as inevitable in man's future as new sophistication to international air that this first generation of jets has offered. time. transport with the introduction of the And along comes the Boeing 747, as one mag­ I'm a great believer, as I think most of azine puts it-ready or not. And after seeing the members of this great commonwealth gigantic and breathtaking 747 service. one, I suppose some of you might ask who I am pleased, Mr. Speaker, to report club of California are, in meeting and talk­ needs it. Especially those harassed airport ing to each other. I don't think it's realistic that this new 747 service will have its managers who have to accommodate this to carry on a love affair by telephone. I don't inauguration on a Pan Am flight from giant bird. think major corporations can do business San Francisco to Hawaii. Shortly there­ On the other hand, go back to the railroads. with full success around the globe, by memo. after, according to Pan Am's president, Visuallze--perhaps 80 or SO years ago--the And I don't think it's possible for nations to J eeb Halaby, Pan Am will be flying non­ possibilities of high speed transportation, live in peace without being able to ex­ stop from San Francisco to Tokyo. when somebody, or maybe a whole group of change citizens freely and en masse. railroaders, woke up screaming at this new I 747 I am pleased to place in the RECORD the And would predict that this is going state of the art, and said-who needs it?­ to be the greatest people to people machine text of Mr. Halaby's timely address be­ and they didn't provide it. Therefore, I think man has ever devised. We are only a few fore the Commonwealth Club in San something is far worse than the unwilling­ weeks away from putting it into service, Francisco concerning the future of air ness to face this rapidly changing state of and, of course, there are only a few who have transport as it concerns the San Fran- the art, and that's to block it out. ever heard of this very creative beast. Many cisco gateway: So today, and tomorrow, we have the lunar think it carries over 500 people which, I sup­ excursion above us. And, by the way, as of pose, it could if you were interested only in THE 747 GENERATION last night, we had 36,000 applications for the cattle steerage. Some think it's a supersonic (By Najeeb E. Halaby) first Pan Am moon flight. They are all in plane, with devastating sonic boom. It isn't. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. It's a greait the computer by number, and they are real Many think they will be herded like cattle, job to be here with San Franciscoa.ns, class­ people and they are from all over the world. and dropped off at airports with a perfunc­ mates and friends, and probably a few com­ It's fascinating that there is this much vision tory anonymity of baggage. Many are con­ petitors and critics as well. We are very and courage. Some of them propose to pay vinced they'll never see their baggage again. happy to say that we are going to us.lier this later, unfortunately. One letter from a young And a few indicate that it's just too big to September 9, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24937 fly safely-it'll fall. I mention these specific expected, and certainly with all that power, conversion of technology to serve the pub­ untruisms, not at random, but after market the airplane will climb out of the airport lic. research has disclosed some of these contem­ fairly rapidly. It will do the work of almost We need an airport rapid transl t link to porary preliminary misconceptions. three 707s, and yet it can use the same air­ serve not only the city but the whole com­ Now our motives as a public service orga­ port runway. munity and the economy that develops from nization are very plain really-to satisfy a I think this machine is going to change it. Whether it's an extension of Bart, down growing public demand around the world. our lives qualitatively as well. I think by this across the old red car right away, whether And that's why we've advanced 250 m1llion very massive exchange of people, we can, for it's the GE monorail, whether it's the West dollars to date, on the purchase price of the example, have airborne schools and colleges. Bay Plan, I don't know. But, I do know that first of these planes. We have 33 on order, Instead of going for a term to Florence or in Cleveland it only takes 18 minutes to get and at 20 million dollar.s a copy, plus the Vienna, you can literally take a whole high to the airport. And I do know tha.t we have ground facilities and supporting equipment, school class to a school abroad, and take a a plan even in Manhattan (which is not the we will have a billion dollar investment, by 90-day semester. After all, there's no better ideal politically-organized communtty in the the end of 1972. way to get understanding than the eyeball to world) to get from the Penn Station to Now we do need currently to conserve eyeball, mouth to mouth, hand to hand, JFK in less than 25 minutes. some cash and that interest rate, that Wells mind to mind approach. Then, within the airport, it should not and Bevay and others seem to be thriving on, Let's start it back in high school and col­ be an ordeal; 1t should be another step in makes us conserve a little money and maybe lege. Let's see the world. Let's understand it. smooth and safe and comfortable transpor­ we would have to pass a dividend. But that's Let's penetrate a lot of the old myths and tation. Cargo is going to develop very rapid­ no indication of any weakness in our finan­ shibboleths that our generation has carried ly; we're going to have to move off the air­ cial strengt h or in our resolve and our ex­ around with us. port some of the warehousing and distribu­ pectation for the future. A short term dip in I think we'll see new cities created by these tion, and confine to the airport the actual the airline business has never deterred the big airplanes, just as San Francisco to a large handling of the cargo in and out of the air­ long term growth. extent was created by ships, and Chicago by plane. Now 27 other airlines of the world have trains. The airport will pace the develop­ Finally, you're going to have to confront, ordered this airplane, and the total for 16 ment. It's really falling a little behind this as I see it, a need for something in New foreign carriers and the other U.S. carriers is great new bird, provided by private enterprise York we call a fourth jetport. You do have now 150 of these spacious jets, as Boeing and relatively private technology. The fu­ some fabulously good airports in this area. calls them. That's a lot of money, of course. ture, in other words, is full of prospect and San Francisco International is one of the It's a very good positive factor in our balance promise. world's great airports; Dakland is a fine air­ of payments. It's only a beginning, however. Knowing this technology is available, we port; San Jose is an airport that is on its A constant renewal is part of our airline also know that the world wants to travel. way in growth. You're going to need another business, and we look ahead to the super­ For example, there are three and a half bil­ airport, and I'm not going to try to tell sonic transport with some trepidation, but lion people in the world, and I would esti­ you where to put it. I am, however, urg­ with confidence that it's really an intercon­ mate that not more than two per cent of the ing you to be thinking about it; to be lo­ tinental time machine of the highest order. three and a half b1llion have ever been in cating one or two sites and getting them And then later, as the astronauts have an airplane. That gives us 98 per cent of under option and under zoning, and to be proved, a kind of hypersonic, many times the three and a half billion which over the next prepared to convert this fabulous technol­ speed of sound, and finally space ships. Some 30 years will grow to six to seven billion un­ ogy of the future to your benefit. people say you shouldn't talk about space less we make planned parenthood a reality. That's a lot of optimism. Some people think transportation until you have solved the The race between the pill and the airplane this world is in a mess, and that the bigger problems of getting people in and out of the and the plow will be an interesting one. You and faster we get, the worse we are. I think airplane comfortably with their baggage at might say why would an airline executive be that that is not so. I believe that with a the same time and the same place. And I interested in birth control? And I would tell little optimism and a little idealism things agree. That's our primary emphasis. But, you very frankly that we are interested be­ are moving toward a more peaceful world there is a concept now emerging, which we cause we want a healthy, well-fed, well­ than two or three years a.go. I think that will hear more and more about in the next heeled population in the world that can fly this people to people, eyeball to eyeball, hand few days. It's the concept of boosters that on our airplanes. I think that's the kind o! to hand and mind to mind generation, that can be re-used, of a space station which is world in which peace will prosper. technology can bring, is going to bring with like an airport in space with frequent trips We'll see in the next 10 years, three times l:t progress. between the orbiting station and various as many people flying airplanes as now. We points on the moon, which will be points for will see many of these big and these faster laboratory experimentation and very serious planes here. Now what are you going to do JOHN PORY: SPEAKER OF THE and expensive exploration. And finally, to­ about it? You the leadership of a. nest of FIRST REPRESENTATIVE ASSEM­ ward the end of the century, when we are aviation, certainly for Pan Am, one of our BLY OF THE NEW WORLD only 30 years older than we are now, there three greatest stations, what a.re you going will be sightseeing trips out into the uni­ to do to convert this technology to the users verse for the affluent curious. of mankind? HON. DANIEL J. FLOOD No more fantastic really than the first jet flight 20-30 years ago. Coming back to the I suggest there are some things that you OF PENNSYLVANIA can do now by meeting the challenge posed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 747, you could put 500 souls on board this by teohnology. I think first is to recognize bird, but that would be doing it the incon­ Tuesday, September 9, 1969 siderate way. That would be making it a and understand the problem. We are more really steerage kind of airplane. We intend and more dependent on the airplane. There Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, as a Penn­ are less and less alternative methods of tmvel. about 360 passengers divided into five com­ Therefore, let's try to develop the airplane sylvanian with ancestral lines tracing partments. You will not feel as though you back to early Virginia, and as "a student were going into a subway train or even into in such a way that it serves all of us. I think for that purpose you need an en­ of constitutional government, I have a crowded theatre. You will be airborne in a long been interested in the history of our series of lobbies or salons. lightened public and certainly the Oommon­ The way the load factors are working out wealth Club is one of the enlighteners of legislative bodies for both the State and these days on the airlines, with less than half the public in our country. general governments that make up our of the seats sold last year, only about 75 We need, I believe, a master regional pla.n Federal system. per cent of the time will the airplane be more for transportation, and work on that is be­ The year 1969 marks the 350th anni­ than half full. So you will get up and roam ing done in your various bay area groups. versary of the formation in 1619 of our around and choose your seats. And you will I think that from the moon, Neil Armstrong, would look back and see how tiny we are, first legislative body-the first General eat, sleep and work. Upstairs there will be a Assembly of Virginia. The principal very handsome lounge. how compressed we are, how absolutely in­ Below, there will be a huge cargo deck, a consequential the fences and barriers of leader in organizing this first represent­ hold that can carry almost as much cargo as counties and cities and jurisdictions thrown ative assembly of the new world was a full 707 does today. A new cabin service, around our communities of interest must John Pory, a former member of Parlia­ and for those of you who are addicted to look from that distance. ment, traveler, and diplomat. watching birds in flight, will be a full load, Maybe we can take that kind of per­ Bringing to Virginia a wealth of 14 beautiful stewardae. We are having a hard spective a.bout some of our bay area prob­ knowledge gained by a broad back­ t ime coming up with a good n ame for this lems. We have to, as I see it, organize for ground of experience and study, Pory airplane. 747 sounds kind of numerical. Some the development and operation of a regional say it should be called the Superjet. Boeing transportation system. We have to fund such was a natural choice for speaker of the c a lls it the spa cious jet. Even the space jet a plan, as a thlrd step. If there's no more first Virginia General Assembly over has suggested itself. bond money available for this purpose, then which he presided from 1619 until 1622. Fortunately, these huge four-engine air­ you've got to look toward some not-for­ A brief story of his life by William S. planes are not going to be providing a noisy pro:fit-authority, with a sound basis for issu­ Powell with special reference to his legis­ New Year. They appear to be quieter than ing tax exempt bonds to get on with the lative achievements was published in a OXV---u571-Part 18 24938 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 9, 1969 recent issue of Cavalcade, the quarterly ber of the Virginia Company. That spring Richard Bucke prayed "that it would please publication of the Virginia State Pory was sent on a mission to Paris by Lance­ God to guide and sanctifie all our proceedings lot Andrewes, the Bishop Of Winchester. He to his owne glory and the good of this Planta­ Library. stayed in France until the early summer of tion." All the Burgesses were then "intreatted In order that the indicated story may 1613, when he travelled on to Turin in Italy. to retyre themselves into the body of the be suitably recorded in the permanent Later that summer he went on to Constanti­ Churche, which being done, . . . they were annals of the Congress, I quote it as part nople, where he found service with the Eng­ called in order and by name, and so every of my remarks: lish ambassador, Sir Paul Pindar. By Janu­ man (none staggering at it) tooke the oathe SPEAKER JOHN PORY: A MEMBER OF PARLIA­ ary, 1617, he was back in London and was of Supremacy, and entered the Assembly." MENT HELPED ORGANIZE THE FIRST REP­ employed at Whitehall by Sir Ralph Wln­ The House of Commons in 1586 had as­ RESENTATIVE ASSEMBLY IN THE NEW wood, principal Secretary of State. Later he serted its right to determine the eliglblllty of came to the attention of Sir Dudley Carleton, WORLD its members; the first General Assembly in (By W1llia.m s. Powell) the English ambassador to the Netherlands America did the same thing in 1619. The right During these years, Pory was also using of three members to take their seats was chal­ The debt which the United States owes to his position, his knowledge, and his ab1llty England for her institutions, customs, and lenged, and after a full debate, one of them by serving certain wealthy and prominent was seated. The other two were denied their other aspects of her heritage has often been men as a professional newsletter writer. In acknowledged. There are a. very few cases, places, because they represented Martin a day before newspapers were published in Brandon, Captain John Martin's plantation, however, where one can point to a special England, persons of position often relied on place and time, and say With a.ny degree of which was exempted from the laws of the professional correspondents to keep them colony by a special grant. certainty, that then and there a particular posted on important events a.t home and English practice was transplanted in Amer­ After the matter of membership was set­ abroad. In 1605 and 1606 he seems to have tled, Speaker Porty "delivered in brlefe to ica. This year marks the 350th anniversary served Sir Robert Cotton, the antiquarian, in of just such an event: the first session of the whole assembly the occasions of their this capacity; in 1610 he was corresponding meeting," after which he "read unto them Virginia's Grand Assembly, which met at With Sir Ralph Winwood, and in 1612 With Jamestown on July 30, 1619. Thus, the En­ the commission for establishing the Counsell George Lord carew; all three were members of Estate and the general Assembly, wherein glish form of representative government was of the Virginia Company. While he was at introduced to the New World. their duties were described to the life." He John Pory, the man responsible for orga­ Constantinople, Pory corresponded with Sir then read to them "the greate Charter, or Dudley Carleton, and from 1619 to 1622, while commission of privileges, orders and laws" nizing America's first representative assem­ he was in Virginia., Pory frequently wrote bly, is little known today. Yet in his time he brought over by Sir George Yeardley. To fa­ moved in the best circles in London. As a. to Sir Edwin Sandys, treasurer of the Vir­ cllltate the consideration of the matters member of Parliament he gained the polit­ ginia. Company, concerning affairs in the covered in these documents, Porty divided ical experience that would prove invaluable colony. the provisions of the Charter into "fower in the development of Virginia's political Pory's letters, which generally were written books,'' and then read them a second time. life. When the first assembly of elected rep­ at regular intervals of a week, are filled With Two committees of eight burgesses each were resentatives met at Jamestown late in July, comments and observations on such diverse appointed to consider the various sections 1619, Pory was chosen as Speaker of that subjects e.s Ben Johnson's masques and the in turn. The Speaker directed these commit­ body. He organized it and directed its work, beheading of Sir Walter Raleigh; the grisly tees to determine which of the company's drawing on his experiences in the House of details of his account of that execution sug­ instructions "might conveniently putt on the Commons between 1605 and 1611. gest that Pory had a front row position. ha.bite of lawes." The legislators were also to Pory was born in the fen country of Nor­ Late in October, 1618, Sir George Yeardley consider "what lawes might issue out of the folk north of London in 1572, and was the was appointed governor of Virginia.. Shortly private concelpte of any of the Burgesses, or great-nephew and namesake of the master of thereafter Yeardley recommended to the Vir­ any other of the Colony," and to decide "what Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. The fam­ ginia Company that Pory, his Wife's kinsman, petitions were fitt to be sente home for Eng­ ily was not wealthy but it was well con­ be named secretary of the Virginia colony for land." nected. Young Pory's first cousin, Temper­ a three year term. The Company appointed During its first session, the Virginia. As­ a.nee Flowerdew, married George Yea.rdley, him to this post, and the new officers reached sembly twice sat as a court, in accordance who was to become governor of Virginia. Jamestown on April 19, 1619. Almost imme­ with parliamentary precedent. A servant was At the age of sixteen Pory entered Caius diately Pory was made a. member of the Gov­ tried for "falsely accusing'' his master, and College, Cambridge, from which he was grad­ ernor's Council. Captain Henry Spelman was found guilty of uated in 1592; he was ma.de a. Master of Arts A new day was dawning for Virginia. The having "spoke very unreverently and mali­ three yeairs later and became an instructor in new governor brought with him commissions ciously" against Governor Yeardley while at Greek at the college. In 1597, Pory began a and instructions from the Company "for an Indian village. period Of study and work under Richard the better establishinge of a Commonwealth On the final day of the session the Bur­ Hakluyt, the historian, and assisted him in heere." By proclamation, he let the people gesses commended Pory for his "great paines the prepar01tlon of the final volume of his know "th01t those cruell lawes, by which we and labour" as speaker. It was he, they said, Voyages. The master commended the pupil as had soe longe been governed, were now abro­ "who not onely first formed the same As­ his "very honest, industrious and learned gated, and that we were to be governed by sembly a.nd to their great ease and expedition friend," e.nd predicted that Pory's "special those free la.wes, which his Majesties subjects reduced all matters to be treated of into a. skill and extra.ordinary hope to performe live under in Englande." Martial law was ready method, but also ... wrote or dictated great matters in the same" would be "bene­ abolished, and the English common law sub­ all orders and other expedients and ls yet to fiol.a.1 for the common wealth." Pory soon saw stituted. A broad program of reform had been write several bookes for all the General In­ a work of his own come from the press. This instituted by the Virginia. Company to attract corporations and plantations both of the was A Geographic Historie of Africa, a trans­ the more stable sort of settlers who were great Charter, and of all the la.wes." lation of the work of Leo Africa.nus, which needed for the advancement of the colony. While in Virginia., Pory travelled widely appeared •in 1600. He also published the It was felt that Wider interests in agriculture and wrote long descriptive letters to his for­ Epitome of Ortelius, based on the work of should be developed, as well as a. system of mer patrons in England. A 500-a.cre planta­ the great Flemish geographer, Abraham schools, inns to accommodate newcomers, tion on the Eastern Shore was granted to Ortelius. In 1605 Pory was elected to Parlia­ and better homes for all. A representative him for his support in place of a. salary, and ment from the borough of Bridgewater in assembly was to be established as a. part he visited this property in what is now Somerset and served in that body for six of this program, and Yeardley brought over Northampton County several times. The yea.rs. During thait time the Crown attempted instructions concerning it. "Secretary's Land" belonged to the office to stifle the debates of the House ot Com­ A call for the election of burgesses, or mem­ rather than the individual, and it was later mons, but the members resisted, declaring bers of the Assembly, was issued in June and held by Pory's successors. that it was an "ancient general and un­ on July 30, 1619, the governor, a. four-mem­ The Secretary became interested in the doubted right of Parliament to debate fully ber Council, and twenty-two elected Bur­ posslb1llty of iron production in the colony, all matters which do properly concern the gesses-two from ea.ch of the eleven major a.nd he encouraged the establishment of the subject." settlements-gathered in the "Quire of the ironworks at Falling Creek in what ls now When King James submitted six "De­ Churche" at Jamestown. Chesterfield County. He criticized the waste­ m.a.ndes" to Parliament, the members re­ The Assembly began work With a minimum ful process of bol11ng sea water to produce jected. some but compromised on the others. of formality. Pory reported that "the Gover­ salt and he proposed that a. more efficient Committees were set up to consider these nor, being sett downe in his accustomed method, similar to one he had observed on demands and report on them before finial place, those of the Counsel of Estate sate next his visits to France and the Low Countries, action was taken. Committees were estab­ him on both hands excepte onely the Secre­ be used. In the spring of 1622 the Virginia lished by Pory in Virginia in 1619, and the tary [Pory] then appointed Speaker, who sate Company adopted his recommendations and committee system has been an integral part right before him, John Twine, clerke of the sent over a. "Rocheller" from France to es­ of representative government in America to Generall assembly, being placed next the tablish more productive salt works. Pory was this day. Speaker, and Thomas Plerse, the Sergeant, also interested in the production of naval After Parliament was dissolved on Febru­ standing at the barre, to be ready for any stores, hemp and flax. After a voyage of ex­ ary 9, 1611, Pory entered the employ of service the Assembly should oomaund pl.ora.tion into what was to become North George Lord Carew, then Master General of him." Carolina, he recommended that the pine the Ordnance. Like Pory, Carew was a mem- In a simple opening ceremony the Rev. forests which he found there might free September 9, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24939 England from her dependence on Norway for everyone's share is going to be, because states of Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, ta.r, pitch, a.nd turpentine. Dallas is going over the top. Tex.as and New Mexico. Pory's three year appointment expired late Bankers built our city by loaning folks Ben Wooten, the East Texan, wanted to in 1622, a.nd he returned home by way of the money. With this borrowed capital come home, and in 1944 he returned to Dal­ Plymouth colony in New England, and he las as vice president of the Republic National wrote a. glowing account of that settlement. our neighbors have been able to build Bank. It was the day of the two banking While he wa.s in New England, he "collected and repay it. When he was at the First giants separated only by the alley that runs a small dictionarie" of the language of the National, they had a slogan which I al­ between Elm and Main. On Feb. 6, 1950, Ben local Indians and found many of their words ways liked, "Give us an Opportunity to Wooten ma.de that walk across the alley and were similar to those used by the Indians in say yes." You will be interested in this became president of the First National Bank. the "South Colonie, a.nd of the easterne summary of some of the highlights of Folks just thought, on Jan. 1, 1964, that shore of the bay." the life of Ben Wooten. I think Felix Mc­ Ben Wooten was retiring. He made another In the spring of 1623, soon after Pory re­ Knight, editor of the Dallas Times Her­ walk across the street and became chairman turned to England, he was appointed to a of the board of Dallas Federal. He sits there royal commission which wa.s assigned the ald, summed up well the 50 year anni­ today .a.s father oo~lor t.o young and driv­ task of inquiring into the state of affairs in versary of Ben H. Wooten, as follows: ing president Lloyd Bowles. the colony. Pory and John Harvey, another Men reap rich reward from a Golden Anni­ Fifty years, says Ben Wooten, actually isn't commissioner, arrived in Virginia about the versary, and the 50 years of living woven too much time. Really just gives a man time end of Februa.ry, 1624, where they were met into it. But few men sense the full satisfac­ to stretch out in several directions. Here is with a stiffly polite but not cordial reception. tion five-fold. a man who has held every high-level civic The Assembly was uncooperative, and many Ben H. Wooten is about as household a. job; hit the heights in banking; ascended to officials proved to be stubborn, since they word as one can get around Dallas----and the the highest positions in his Baptist church; were suspicious of the purposes of the com­ springy, 75-year-old business-civic figure is given mightily to education and been re­ mission. The commissioners returned to capping it all right now with an incredible warded with doctor of laws degrees from England late in April, ta.king with them a performance. Arkansas, Baylor and North Texas State. report in which they recommended various He is celebrating five significant 50th an­ Service to his country has been recognized changes and improvements. When the com­ niversaries in one swoop. by his appointment as one of only three missioners arrived in England again, they If his ankle weren't bothering him a bit civilian aides-a.t-large to the secretary of de­ discovered that on May 24, 1624, the Com­ at the moment, he probably could go out to fense. But he identifies the 50 years with pany's charter had been declared vacated, the golf course and celebrate it all by shoot­ Margaret Kay Wooten as the anchor anni­ and that Virginia had come under the rule ing his age. He did it two years ago by carv­ versary. The other four just came natumlly. of the Crown. ing a 73 at Dallas Country Club. Ben Wooten can handle five simultaneous Pory spent the next five or six years in It is quite a story about this man born golden anniversaries. He is rugged-and com­ London, busily engaged in his old occupation Dec. 21, 1894, at R.F.D. 4, Box 22. That was petent. as a writer of newsletters. In addition to his a small East Texas fann seven miles north­ regular patrons, he also corresponded from west of Timpson. time to time with Sir Thomas Lucy a.nd Sir Fifty years ago a hawk-nosed, lean second PETER RODINO NAMED "FRIEND OF Fulke Greville, Lord Brooke. Shortly after lieutenant who served as a machine-gunner LITHUANIA'' 1631 he retired to his home in Lincolnshire, in CO. A, 345th Machine Gun, 9oth Division, where he died in the autumn of 1635. He was survived the hellish battles of St. Mihiel and never married. As a young man he was said Meuse Argonne in World War I and was mus­ HON. JOHN S. MONAGAN to have been "fond of the pot," and in later tered out--very honorably-in July, 1919. OF CONNECTICUT life he seems to have accumulated substan­ Fifty years ago Ben Wooten came home to tial personal debts. the Broadway ticker tape showers and the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Pory's estate, such as it was, was adminis­ giant pines of his East Texas and joined the Tuesda,y, September 9, 1969 tered by his sister, Mrs. Anne Ellis. He left American Legion-an association that has three acres of land to the church warden in taken him in that span to the loftiest levels Mr. MONAGAN. Mr. Speaker, on Au­ his local parish with the provision that two of the veterans' outfit. gust 24 my good friend and dean of the "Commemoration Sermons" be preached Fifty years ago Ben Wooten, graduate of New Jersey delegation, PETER RonrNo, each year. The church at Sutton St. Ed· the North Texas State University he now was awarded the "Friend of Lithuania" mund, Lincolnshire, stlll holds Pory's land. serves as chairman of its Board of Regents, medal and citation at the 56th annual and the rector of the local church preaches hurried out of uniform and was elected prin­ convention of the Knights of Uthuania. the required sermons. cip.al of the high school at Alba, Tex. (pop. His greatest legacy, however, WM his work 1,200). Over 400 persons attended the presenta­ in organizing the first legislature in America. Fif,ty years ago Ben Wooten suddenly, and tion banquet at the Robert Treat Hotel From that beginning grew the system of rep­ quite cha.racteristioa.lly, decided that he did in Newark, N.J., which was presided over resentative government that flourishes today, not wan,t to be a high school principal; by the newly installed officers; Dr. Jack although this is a result of which Pory prob­ tendered. his resigtlation and started a bank­ J. Stukas, Hillside, N.J., president; Mrs. ably never even dreamed. ing c.areer that has brought national renown. Diane Daniels, Philadelphia, Pa., Leon Fifty years ago, and most importantly he Pauksta, Chicago, Ill., and Longinas Svel­ notes, he married Miss Margaret Kay, the nis, South Boston, Mass., vice presidents; BEN WOOTEN-DYNAMIC TEXAN town belle of Center, Tex.-,an event they prayerfully acknowledged together a couple Miss Stella Sankel, Cleveland, Ohio, of weeks ago. treasurer; and Miss Dorothy Dutkus, HON. JAMES M. COLLINS Fifty years ago the D.adlas Federal Sav­ Maywood, N.J., secretary. OF TEXAS ings & Loan .Association, where he daily sits As a farmer recipient of this cherished as chairman of the board, opened shop in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES award, I want to extend my most sincere a three-room office. Today, it is TexM' largest. congratulations to PETER, who was cited Tuesday, September 9, 1969 Indeed, it wa.s the Wooten year-1919. as a "recognized authority on immigra­ The golden path of Ben and Margaret tion and refugee settlement, who has Mr. COLLINS. Mr. Speaker, Dallas has Wooten started when he accepted the posi­ no natural resources. We have no oil. We tion of assistant cashier at the Alba. National aided many Lithuanians, among other lack an ocean port. Our water reserves Bank in December 1919. He entered the victims of Communist tyranny, to gain a are very low. It is a hE>t town in the sum­ banking business with a. title--but chuckles haven in America." mer. It is a flat land that is a dusty place today when confessing that there were three Mr. Speaker, we are all aware of the in the spring, and a mighty cold place employees of the institution. He was the continuing struggle of the brave Lithu­ when we get northern winds. least. anian people to once again taste the joys "We had a good thing going at Alba. The of freedom, and I want to include in the But Dallas has been blessed with the T&P Railroad built a line to get lignite out greatest asset of all-we have had the of nearby reserves. But something halppened; RECORD the following resolution, which greatest men in the world make their they played out." was passed at the convention: homes here and dedicate their lives to­ Ben Wooten moved over to Farmersvme RESOLUTION ward building a progressive city. One of with the F.armers and Merchants National Whereas, despite its tremendous propa­ the finest of these is Ben Wooten. In the Bank in 1923, and actually took off on the ganda efforts, Soviet Russia continues to Baptist Church, he is a plain spoken fascinating trip to the top in 1926 when he enslave Lithuania against the free will o! her member in any session. When the final became a state bank examiner. people; and In chaotic 1932, the Federal Home Loan Whereas, House Concurrent Resolution 416, day comes on a community charity drive Banking System w.as created by the Congress, passed by Congress some three years ago, building a hospital, a university endow­ and Wooten became its chief examiner in calls for our President to bring the question ment, the United Fund or whatever we Washington. Three months later he was of the freedom of Lithuania and the Baltic are raising money for-you can count on elected president of the Federal Home Loan States before the United Nations Or!f~lza­ Ben to lay down the law as to what Bank of Little Rock, Ark.--servicing the tion and further calls for free elections under 24940 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 9, 1969 the guidance of the United Nations to take offered cease-fires, I foresee no alteration PRESENT INTENTION place in those countries; at all in the snail's pace at which we are By "Vietnamization"~ubstituting Viet­ Now therefore, be it resolved, that the now moving in our efforts to reach a namese infantry for American infantry-the Convention respectfully urge the Govern­ settlement in Southeast Asia. bulk of the American ground combat forces ment of the United States to fulfill the con­ will be withdrawn. The present intention ls ditions of House Concurrent Resolution 416 Mr. Speaker, just today I have found to reduce the total U.S. troop commitment in behalf of the restoration of the independ­ a group of current news items and re­ to "around 300,000, or maybe less" before ence of Lithuania and the other Baltic States; ports which go into more depth on the the Congressional elections in November Be it further resolved, that the Convention changing mood over Vietnam. Two of 1970. By that time, according to the game manifest its sincerest gratitude to the Gov­ the articles, the Alsop piece from News­ plan, the basic mission of the American ernment of the United States for its con­ week and Dommen's story from the Los troops still in Vietnam will be to supply the sistent and continued non-recognition of the V_ietnamese infantry with logistic support, Soviet annexation of Lithua nia and the other Angeles Times, I have already mentioned. In addition, I would like to insert in the air- and fire-power. Baltic States; RECORD two fascinating articles from Since the infantry takes almost a.ll of Be it further resolved, that copies of these the casualties, American casualties will­ resolutions be sent to the President of the this week's New Republic magazine, one, according to the theory-be much reduced. United States, to the Secretary of State, the the column by T. R. B. and second, the But President Nixon a.nd his advisers are Honorable William Rogers, to the Ambassador lead editorial, "Leave or Get Out." convinced that the draft, even more than of the United States Delegation at the United The items follow: American casualties, provides the really com­ Nations, to the Honorable Chairmen of the [From Newsweek, Sept. 15, 1969] bustible fuel for antiwar passions, especially Senate and House Foreign Relations com­ on the college campuses. mittee and to the press. VIETNAM: THE NIXON GAME PLAN Therefore, the game plan calls for a de­ LARRY JANONIS, (By Stewart Alsop) termined effort to pass lottery-type draft Chairman. WAsHINGTON.-If the specialists in such legislation in this session of Congress. If (Mrs.) SUSAN K . BORASKAS, such legislation passes, only about one boy Secretary. matters are right, the death of that undoubt­ ed genius, Ho Chi Minh, is very unlikely to out of three will be affected by the draft­ I know PETER RODINO joins me in hop­ result in the near future in any real change the other two will be free to go about their ing that it will some day be possible for . in the policy line laid down by Ho. That business, unworried by the draft, after the Lithuania to once more enjoy the inde­ policy line was based on a simple assump­ age of nineteen. This, the authors of the tion-that domestic political pressures would game plan believe, would do much to cool pendent status that is hers. sooner or later force the Nixon Administra­ campus passions. tion to accept, perhaps With some light cam­ If legislation cannot be passed, adminis­ ouflage, the Communist terms for a settle­ trative action will be used, to the extent THE CHANGING MOOD ON VIETNAM ment in Vietnam. possible, to accomplish the same end. Every­ Those terms, tirelessly repeated in Paris, thing will also be done to keep draft calls to amounted to unoonditioI11al surrender-uni­ a minimum. Finally, the Pentagon will be HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. lateral Withdrawal of all American troops ordered to reduce the proportion of draftees OF CALIFORNIA and the replacement of the anti-COmmunist in Vietnam-now about 29 percent of the 500,000-plus men there--to a. minimum, leav­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Saigon regime with a Lublin-model com­ mll!D.ist-front government. The Communist ing in time only volunteers or regulars to Tuesday, September 9, 1969 terms have been repeated so tirelessly that carry on the war there. Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. Speak­ they have led the President and his advisers The game plan thus envisages a. situation to a somber conclusion-that a negotiated in which only one unlucky boy out of three er, yesterday I addressed the House on settlement in Vietnam is simply not possible, is affected by the draft, and the unlucky one the need for new Amerioan initiative to as long as Hanoi is convinced Washington ( as well a.s his girl friend or his fond mama.) break the stalemate which has devel­ has no choice but to liquidate the war at any can be assured he will not be sent to Viet­ oped in our policy toward the Vietnam cost. nam against his will. In this situation-or so war. One factor that I emphasized was As this conclusion has come to seem more the authors of the game plan reason-the the apparent changing mood of this and more obvious and unavoidable, the Pres­ passions of dissent will be stilled, and the country-at all levels, from all types of ident and his chief advisers have had to United States can continue, if necessary for people-on the objectives we seek in discard the pet theories of how to end the a long time, a. limited effort sufficient to war which they brought with them into of­ assure that the war will not be lost. Vietnam. This plan ls not stupid or irrational. But No longer is it possible to say that the fice. The President's pet theory was that the Russians oould somehow be pressured or as Robert Burns pointed out, the best laid American people are largely in favor of persuaded to arrange an acceptable settle­ game plans of mice a.nd men gang a.ft a.-gley. a military victory. Poll after poll, letter ment. Dr. Henry Kissinger's pet theory was The plan calls for a. rapid withdrawal rate-­ after letter indicate that a majority of the "two-track" idea-that a military settle­ around 20,000 troops a month as an average Americans want us to get out of Viet­ ment, based on mutual Withdrawal, could be for the next year. The military a.re simply nam, and the sooner the better. negotiated between Washington and Hanoi, not going to agree willingly to such a. with­ An equally large shift in opinion has while a political settlement was negotiated drawal rate. between Saigon and the NLF. In June, President Nixon wanted to an­ come right at the top of Government. As nounce a withdrawal of 60,000 troops, but Stewart Alsop points out in the current CLOUD COVER he was persuaded by the military to hold issue of Newsweek, the Nixon adminis­ These theories have been exploded by the withdrawal to 25,000. As reported last tration now aims not to win the war event s. In their place, what that ardent week in this maga.izne, the delay in the ex­ but not to lose it either. And that is sports fan President Nixon oalls a "game pected withdrawal announcement in August a startling reversal from all the goals of plan" for Vietnam has emerged in raither was caused by a hassle between the White the past 4 years when the key objective clear outline, beneath a cloud cover of ap­ House and the Joint Chiefs on the size of parent indecision and intentional obfusca­ the withdrawal. In short, if the Nixon game was a military victory. tion. Barring some sudden change in the plan is to operate on schedule, the President Certainly, as the mood changes here situation resulting from Ho's death, the is going to have to buck the generals. in the United States, it is undergoing Nixon game plan will from here on out gov­ REAL RISK equally subtle permutations in Hanoi. ern American policy in Vietnam. No one can tell at this point the exact Bucking the genera.ls is not a.s risky as The purposes of the NiXon game plan are it once was, a.nd the President has a. useful effect the death of Ho will make upon twofold. One purpose is not to win the war­ ally in Secretary Laird, who is liked by the the future course of negotiations, but one which the Nixon Administration hias rec­ generals and who is determined to push observer, Arthur J. Dammen of the Los ognized as unw1nnable in any traditional through his program of "Vletnamization." Angeles Times Saigon bureau, wrote last sense-but (to split an infinitive) to not lose The real risk is that the generals could turn week that the outlook may favor a some­ the war. The other purpose is to create the out to be right. What they fear as a. result of what softer war line from the North. domestic polit ical conditions necessary to the rapid rate of U.S. withdrawal envisaged in Yet, the only place where these new persuade Hanoi that the U.S. is capable of t he Nixon game plan is some sort of mill tary disaster, and the disintegration of the whole attitudes seemingly are not making a continuing indefinitely to not lose the war. anti-Communist front in Vietnam. dent is in Saigon. There, the militarists Hanoi, in short, is to be persuaded that That risk is of course real. Is it what who run both the South Vietnamese Washington, too, can play the waiting game, Secretary of State William Rogers calls "a. Government and the American military and thus eventually-if the theory behind sensible risk for peace"? A clue to the answer machine still fantasize dreams of even­ the game plan works-an "honorable" settle­ to that question will be found in the soon­ tual and complete victory in the field for ment of the war will be achieved, tacitly or to-be-announced "second-slice" withdrawal. "our side." And, as long as we procrasti­ by negotia.tion. What Defense Secretary Mel­ If it is 40,000 or more, that ca.n be taken to nate on such crucial issues as the pace of Vin Laird likes to call "VietnamiZation" of mean that the President intends to buck troop withdrawals and acceptance of the war is the first part of the game plan. the generals and push ahead with his game September 9, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24941 plan. That in turn will mean that the Presi­ while the second faction would be inclined that a clear-cut victory by one faction or the dent has concluded that the war, fought as to give creddt to the persistent expounding other, even the "war" faction, could result in it is now being fought, is poisoning the body at Paris of Hanoi's "principled stand" de­ decision in Hanoi that would enable a politic of the United States; and that it ls manding that the United States call off the settlement to be negotiated rapidly. better to risk milltary disaster in Vietnam bombing. The ten Politburo members, all included in than political disaster in the United States. Until the new leaders have achieved a new the 26-member state funeral committee balance of power, no new initiatives at the broadcast by Radio Hanoi, were listed in the [From the Los Angeles T1.mes, Sept. 5, 1969) Paris negotiations involving risk-taking by following order Thursday: HANOI REGIME LIKELY TO REASSESS WAR Hanoi can be expected. This new balance of (1) Le Duan; (2) Ton Due Thang; (3) OPTIONS-WINNERS OF POWER STRUGGLE EX­ power could come about relatively quickly. Truong Chinh; (4) Pham Van Dong; (5) PECTED To IMPOSE NEW MILITARY, DIPLO­ GREAT LEADER LOST Pham Hung, the Politburo member 1.n charge MATIC STRATEGY For one thing, Hanoi must take into con­ of directing the war in the south who has (By Arthur J. Oommen) not been seen in Hanoi since Sept: 29, 1967; sideration that in Ho's death it lost not only (6) Le Due Tho; (7) Vo Nguyen Giap; (8) SAIGON.-President Ho Chi Mlnh's death a leader whose prestige was so much greater Nguyen Duy Trinh; (9) Le Thanh Nghia, and probably will force a reassessment in Hanoi than that of the men around him that he {10) Hoang Van Roan. of North Vietnam's options in fighting the could settle a debate with a single word, but war in the south and in negotia,ting in Paris. also a figure whose familiarity among all North Vietnam can continue for a time Vietnamese, Communist and non-Commu­ [From the New Republic magazine) by exploiting Ho's memory and by naming nist alike, made him a uniquely exploitable THE SHORT WAR Vice President Ton Due Thang, 81, as acting symbol in the war in the south. In the summer of 1967, I took a 10,000- president to maintain a facade of unity "It is difficult to imagine the Viet Cong mile trip across America in a battered old among i,ts leaders. fighting for a collective leadership dominated .Rambler, asking people everywhere what But one faction or the other within the by, say, Truong Chinh," one analyst here they thought of the war. They didn't think Politburo probably will achieve dominance observed. Hanoi must find someone to re­ much of it. It had been going on 17 years and impose its own strategy, analysts here place Ho who ls acceptable as a figure in the for the Vietnamese but only about two for believe. south as well as in the north and someone the U.S. if you start from the big troop The pressing problem of the war in the who is not simply a remote theoretician, but buildup. People shrugged; they didn't like south, affecting as it does the Hanoi regime's someone who can be identified with the the war but felt it had to be finished; it foreign relations as well as almost every facet southern struggle. was bound to be short, thank God. of its internal daily life, cannot be put off Ho's prestige from the first Indochina war Then about midsummer President John­ indefinitely. as a nationalist fighter was so great that as son suddenly said that the nation faced a STRUGGLE IN VOID long as he was alive Hanoi could slur over $25-blllion deficit and that he wanted a $10- Even if the elderly Thang ls named acting the distinction between its aim of total rule billion tax increase. Maybe it was my imag­ president--what one analyst calls the over a united Vietnam and the professed aim ination but I thought I felt the mood stiffen. "Voroshilov solutlon"-the void created by of the South Vietnam National Liberation By Denver I was pretty sure of it. "President Ho's death could induce a power struggle Front to be fighting for an independent Johnson is in trouble, bad trouble," I wrote. similar to thait in the Soviet Union after the South Vietnam. The war still goes on and two or three death of Stalin. The aging Klementi Y. Ho. while president of a state whose hundred Americans get killed every week. Voroshilov was Soviet presitlent, mainly a constitution proclaimed it to be the sole There have been several new developments. titular post, for seven years after Stalin's legal government of all of Vietnam, could Ho Chi Minh has died. The State Depart­ death in 1953 while Stalin's successors vied still make it look as if the struggle waged by ment is weighing what Hanoi's chief nego­ for power. the NLF to evict the Americans from the tiator at Paris meant when he said a sizable In case of such a struggle, Hanoi's Nikita S. south was the natural sequel to the Viet withdrawal of U.S. troops might break the Khrushchev ls likely to turn out to be Le Minh struggle against the French. deadlock (was this a signal?). In Saigon, Duan, whose post of secretary general of the Of late, the contradiction between these our man Thieu picked a new premier ( a Vietnam Workers (Communist) Party gives two ideas has been sharpened by the needs general), and enlarged his cabinet (soldiers him a head start. of the Parts negotiations. Minister Xuan and technicians of the old regime) but didn't Le Duan's preeminence seemed to be con­ Thuy, for instance, has been known to voice broaden tts base which ls what it agoniz­ firmed by the listing of the state funeral com­ in the course of a single session of the Paris ingly needs. Truong Dinh Dzu, the runner­ mittee broadcast by Hanoi Radio a few hours conference both his support for the NLF's up peace candidate in the September, 1967 after Ho's death. The listing provides analysts southern identity and the contention that election, got five years in jail for his pre­ with the first lineup of the contenders for any Vietnamese has the right to fight any­ sumption. Ho's dual positions as president and party where in Vietnam. Here at home, the draft generation is chairman. Le Duan was named head of the The creation of the Provisional Revolu­ going back to college. Everybody hopes they funeral committee over Thang. tionary Government of the Republic of South won't be violent. After all, why should they Vietnam last June appeared for a time to be? The country is prosperous 1 It ls in the MILITARY EMPHASIS have tipped the balance in the direction of a eighth year of the longest uninterrupted up­ In the history of the debate within the separate state in the south with a "special swing in history, and the Vietnam war ls Politburo, Le Duan has favored a reliance representation" in Hanoi at the seat of the fattening dividends, making big corpora­ principally on carrying the war through to Democratic Republic of Vietnam. But this tions bigger and pumping $30 bUlion a year victory by military means. His position on was counterbalanced by ever more strident into the economy. Why should those kids the issue stems from his opposition in 1954 personal appeals by Ho, even including ref­ behave so uncooperatively; what's bugging to the party's acceptance of partition of Viet­ erence to Saigon as "Ho Chi Minh City." them, anyway? They have nothing to lose but nam, a partition that cut off the South, where The only two Politburo members who have their lives. Le Duan had for a time led the resistance anywhere near the prestige of Ho from the "But what are we fighting for?" ask the against the French. war against the French are Ho's two trusted youngsters. Ah, to be sure; that's the ques­ Opposed to this faction is a faction led lieutenants, Premier Pham Van Dong and tion. Glad you asked me that. by Truong Chinh, chairman of the National Defense Minister Vo Nguyen Giap. But both We are fighting, I suppose, for reasons that Assembly. Included in this faction are three are outclassed in the party hierarchy and are go back a long way. America has a yen for other Politburo members-Le Due Tho, rated outsiders in any race for supreme world-crusading, followed by resentful pe­ Foreign Minister Nguyen Duy Trinh, and power. riods of isolationism. After World War II Hoang Van Roan, a member of the Viet Minh Giap was listed in seventh place in the our ersatz partnership with Russia collapsed delegation to the 1954 Geneva conference. state funeral committee, just after Le Due suddenly in angry confrontation. If you be­ SOFTER WAR LINE Tho, a fact that appeared to confirm reports lieved spheres of influence were bad, that that he had been even further downgraded. a balance of power was a makeshift, that The members of this second faction, while Giap ls a northerner, as is Truong Chinh. Soviet .control was temporary, that saboteurs they also support the use of military force Premier Pham Van Dong and party secre­ in the State Department had "betrayed" iL the south, reportedly believe the southern tary Le Duan were born in what is now South China, that nations would implacably put war must remain essentially a civil revolu­ Vietnam. ideology ahead of national interest, and that tionary war, one waged principally by south­ The emergence of a predominantly north­ Communism was a monolithic world con­ erners instead of northerners. They also think ern leadership would create widespread dis­ spiracy-then the war in Vietnam made that negotiations should be pursued simul­ trust among the ranks of the southern insur­ sense. taneously with the fighting and given equal gents, many of whom are not Communists, So, perhaps, would any war of contain­ importance. and aggravate Hanoi's problem in retaining ment. The U.S. had very good reason for The difference in viewpoint between the control of the insurgency. wanting to stop Moscow after the war, but two factions is basically a difference in inter­ Such a situation might lead eventually to it developed into a frenzy that threatened pretation of the mixture of political and the takeover of the southern insurgency by to commit the country beyond its ca.pa.city. military action. Thus, the first faction would Peking, an eventuality Hanoi may be pre­ General Douglas MacArthur warned that argue that the halt to the American bomb­ sumed to want to avoid at all costs. anyone who got the U.S. into a land war in ing of North Vietnam last Nov. 1 was pri­ Analysts here believe that the debate on Asia ought to have his head examined. Wal­ marily a result of the heroic fight waged by strategy within the Politburo serves to slow ter Lippmann looked at the matter with millions of North Vietnamese with guns, the progress of the Paris negotiations, and Olympian calm. He urged succeeding Pres- 24942 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 9, 1969 !dents to uphold our presence in Asia by sea Former Defense Secretary Clark Clifford said creativity and the strength of character and air forces and not to get bogger down we should get all ground troops out by end in guerrilla. fighting. It would be like an 1970; Mr. Nixon appeared to have said, in to support causes in which he believed. elephant fighting a swarm of mosquitoes, he rejoinder, why wait that long? But there are "CHUCK" JOELSON is well trained in the said. Vietnam was not external aggression, he still 515,000 uniformed Americans in Viet­ complexities of the law, having held declared, but a civil war. In December, 1966, nam-and 50,000 in Thailand-and with­ many important judicial positions be­ he wondered in print whether Lyndon John­ drawals of real magnitude from either place fore coming to the Congress. The gain of son "will not withdraw before 1968?" He appear far off. the judiciary of his home State is a loss wrote that "if the only way out of the Averell Harriman has made two proposals for the people of this Nation who he quagmire ls to elect a Republican it is not for finding a way out of Vietnam. He sug­ served at all times with wisdom, virtue, improbable that there will come forward gested that heat be put on President Thieu a Republican to elect." Mr. Lippmann has to broaden his Saigon government so as to and patriotism. For he was always on the ma.de his share of mistakes in 60 yea.rs of make it a more popular instr ument, capable human side of an issue-particularly his journalism but as he reaches his 80th birth­ of concluding the fighting. By far the most courageous efforts in behalf of educa­ day, September 23, he can boast remarkable effective form of pressure would be a firm tion. prescience on Vietnam. timetable of large withdrawals of American I am proud to be a friend of this out­ The great theory of monolithic Commu­ forces; each time the Thieu regime balked, standing Democratic statesman. Al­ nism fell a.pa.rt when Peking and Moscow the timetable would not be slowed down, but though we in the House will miss him, split. {There is even now talk of a preemptive speeded up. Harriman also suggested there Russian strike against China.} In Europe Mr. ought to be a "cease-fire in place", deliber­ the people of New Jersey will indeed be Nixon has just visited a Communist coun­ ately cutting back the level of fighting. The fortunate to have his wise counsel and try, Rumania. This softens a little the ra­ prescription seems worth trying. But Thieu fine judgment on the bench of the Su­ tionale of our Asian crusade. has reshuffled his cabinet in the opposite perior Court of New Jersey. But there was the "domino theory." De­ direction and·Mr. Nixon exhibits no dititress. I wish him continued good health, haP­ pending on circumstances it may have va­ The Thieu government is bigger, but nar­ piness, and success. lidity, but then, why is the US so agoniz­ rower; more militant, and even less popular. ingly alone in the war? James C. Thomson, In fact it looks very like a wilful slap at Pres­ Harvard East Asian specialist, says, "the ident Nixon's professed Vietnam policy, as domino theory was not merely inaccurate well as at Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh's succes­ but also insulting to Asian nations." Again, sors there. Yet Mr. Nixon behaves as though WffiTHER THE BERTH LINE? there was Walt Rostow's theory that phased he now believes that if he withdraws Ameri­ bombing would bring North Vietnam quick­ can forces slowly, buying the Saigon generals ly to its knees. Well, it didn't. It is now al­ still more time than they've been given al­ HON. MICHAEL A. FEIGHAN most universally acknowledged that the ready, they will be able to take over the fight­ OF OHIO bombing strengthened Vietcong morale. ing, and impose their military solution on IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES There was the 1964 Tonkin Gulf incident Vietnam with our arms. The entire history that gave LBJ the "functional equivalent of of the war suggests this is a pipe dream; Tuesday, September 9, 1969 a declaration of war". Only two senators current events do, too. Thieu's army is Mr. FEIGHAN. Mr. Speaker, berth line voted against the resolution, Morse and riddled with desertion, his "pacification" is trade is a most vital and irreplaceable Gruening-both defeated in 1968. A startling a flop and his land refonns are fraudulent. segment of Qur foreign commerce-yet, book is just to be published, "Truth is the The French hung on in Vietnam until they First Casualty: The Gulf of Tonkin Affair," went down in resounding defeat, but this there is a chance thrat this type of op­ by Joseph C. Goulden ($6.95; Rand Mc­ country is stuck in a can't win, can't lose eration may be phased out of existence. Nally}. I can read it with no other thought position. Thieu's position is disastrously dif­ Berth line operation is common carriage than that Congress was deceived, perhaps ferent. Ho Chi Minh is gone, but Nguyen with regular service between given trad­ deliberately. Even while US retaliatory Van Thieu will never be Uncle. Thieu can ing areas and to established destinations, bombs were falling on North Vietnam the only lose. The US choice isn't win or lose, it's as provided by the 1936 Merchant Ma­ Administration was frantically pleading for leave or get out; orderly but genuine with­ rine Act. verification that enemy patrol boats in Ton­ drawal, or cut-and-run. kin Gulf had actually attacked our destroy­ The following brochure, published by ers, and getting foggy answers. In fa.ct, in the Labor-Management Maritime Com­ that eerie, overcast night, with fitful light­ THE HONORABLE CHARLES S. mittee, outlines the reasons why preser­ ning flashes and a damaged sonar system, it JOELSON vation of the berth line is essential to the is not certain that enemy boats were even continued functioning of our merchant present. marine fleet. The public now mostly thinks the war was HON. JOHN M. MURPHY The brochure follows: a mistake. One casualty is social reform at home-the poor old Great Society. Lyndon OF NEW YORK SUSTAIN THE BERTH LINE SERVICE AND THE Johnson was sayi:ig only last year that the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES NATIONAi, MARITIME LAWS WHICH PROMOTE IT amount of money required to bring every Thursday, September 4, 1969 last American up out of deep poverty was Regular and repetitive service is the life­ only the equivalent of a quarter of the na­ Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr. Speak­ blood of the general cargo trade. This is so tion's annual economic growth. In a war er, "CHUCK" JOELSON leaves the House vital to the nation that the 1936 Merchant with bands and banners, and patriotic zeal, of Representatives with the respect, ad­ Marine Act was enacted in principal measure you can wage war on two fronts, but this miration and affection of all who knew to support and sustain it. Any demise or sub­ was different. A taxpayers' strike doomed him. I congratulate him he stantial deterioration of this service would the double effort. as assumes disrupt the general cargo movement in U.S. Two years ago people across America the high honor of a place on the bench foreign commerce. It would lay the nation weren't bothering much about the merits of of the Superior Court of New Jersey. It more broadly open to the mercies of foreign the war, the big thing was that it would be is a sorrow, however, to contemplate flag shipping, including that of the Soviet over quickly; it would be cheap and easy. working in the House without the wis­ Union. This brochure treats of the essential­ Anybody could see a primitive land of 16 dom, wit, skill, and dedication of this ity of the berth line service and some of the million couldn't stand up long against a gifted man I am privileged to call a problems it faces. giant of 200 million.... friend. BERTH LINE SERVICE-WHAT IT IS So why fight now? Because, I suppose, we feel we have certain obligations and to save "CHUCK" JOELSON, intelligent and elo­ Berth line operation is common carriage face, and because we a.re trapped. Is that quent, first came to Congress in Jan­ with regular service between given trading worth 200 tio 300 lives a week? Not for me, uary, 1961, having been elected as the areas and to established destinations. it isn't. Representative of the Eighth Congres­ A ship is said to be on berth when it repetitively offers itself to transport cargo sional District on November 8, 1960. He on an established trade route with regular­ [From the New Republic magazine) served continually-with unwavering de­ ity of service. LEAVE OR GET OUT votion to the public interest-since that Berth lines operating under the 1936 Act After the French had more or less made up time, having been reelected to the 88th, receive Government support, measured only their minds to get out of Algeria, they found 89th, 90th, and the present 91st Con­ in terms of the differential cost between U.S. to their dismay that the war the young men gress. and foreign ship operation for a few essential hated and even the old men had grown to He was one of the most progressive and items. In return, such lines- loathe went on much as before. France Must confine operations to trade routes seemed bewitched. President Nixon may yet innovative legislators to serve in the declared essential by the U.S. Government; play de Gaulle's Algerian role and get this House, as a member of the Committee May not choose customers; country out of Vietnam, but there are on Education and Labor and later the Must accept any general cargo offered; doubts. Not long ago, everything and every­ Committee on Appropriations. He tackled Must sail on schedule even if vacant space one seemed to be converging on withdrawal. every assignment with enthusiasm and remains; September 9, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24943 Ma.y not normally vary from fixed and ap­ pled their cause in many publications and in vides no advantage over lower cost foreign proved itineraries; testimony before both Houses of Congress. competition. It is only intended to equate Ma.y not unilaterally increase or diminish However, it is vigorously opposed to advanc­ limited items of operating expense (wages, established ranges in yearly sailing sched­ ing the cause of one shipping segment at the maintenance, repairs and insurance). Under ules; unwarranted expense of another, as has been current Government practices it does not Must receive Government approval for done by the so-called "charter advocates", even do that. modifying maximum and minimum sailings; or those seeking a monopoly on government Today's high operating costs give no assur­ Must operate under "efficient business cargoes. ance that freight income plus differential principles" subject to Government examina­ With a world threatened by massive Rus­ subsidy will provide a profit. tion; sian merchant fleet expansion and with U.S.­ An unfavorable balance is a constant Must provide modern competitive ships on flag participation at its lowest point in his­ threat. a rotating replacement basis built a.nd re­ tory, a way must be found to advance the The incentive to achieve highest income paired in U.S. shipyards; cause of all segments of the American Mer­ with lowest cost is a dynamic and ever pres­ Must purchase stores, supplies, and main­ chant Marine, including berth lines, tramp ent force. Subsidy with inadequate cargo is tenance needs in the U.S.; services, dry bulk carriers, and upon proven a "go broke" formula. Must hold customer service pre-eminent need, tanker carriers as well. Such an ad­ Subsidy contract lines have generally over all other factors; vancement would provide greater employ­ shown a modest profit overall. Must operate under profit limitations es­ ment for shipyard workers, longshoremen, Incentive has been sufficiently productive tablished by law; and merchaint seamen. The Labor-Manage­ to offset: Must submit to profit recapture where ment Maritime Committee will devote its full 1. Uncompensated increases in operating earnings exceed established limits; efforts to such a cause and the cause of the cost; Must successfully compete with all for­ men who man the ships. 2. Inflationary trends in the economy; eign competition in the trade; THE BERTH LINE TRADE-DESCRIPTIVE OBSERVA­ 3. Ever increasing foreign competition; Must la.y aside yearly reserves for continu­ TIONS 4. Deficiencies in parity payments under ing ship replacement; and current Government practices; and Must satisfy Government tha.t the objec­ The berth line trade involves a.11 general 5. Government lag in providing shipyard tives of the 1936 Act are being met. cargo transportation (including containeri­ differential subsidy to construct new ships. Berth line operation under the 1936 Mer­ zation). Incentive under subsidy contra.ct has pro­ chant Marine Act, provides the best possible General cargo includes all items of trans­ duced a commitment of over $2 billion in type of service to the nation and its citizens. port except liquid and dry bulk cargo. private funds for modern ship construction. It does not necessarily provide the most As a river's channel is mandated by the No such incentive is evident in any other profitable enterprise for those operating un­ topography of the terrain, so the course of segment of U.S. merchant shipping. der its provisions. berth line service is mandated by the flow patterns of general cargo. Incentives under proposed long-term BERTH LINE PARTICIPATION IN THE FOREIGN Fixed commercial trade channels involving "Charter/ Sub-Charter" operations COMMERCE-A STABILIZING FORCE producers and their consumer counterparts Long or short term Government charters, U.S.-flag participation in foreign commerce abroad require timely and regular deliveries reasonably conceived, are not objectionable. [tonnage-wise] slid from 57.6% in 1947 to to meet contract agreements and compliance However, Government charters that under­ 5.6% in 1967. Some seek to place the blame dates. write all risks in shipbuilding and ship op­ on the 1936 Merchant Marine Act. Thus, timely repetitive and dependable erations federalize the American Merchant They are principally dry cargo carriers who service with emphasis on its regularity is the Marine and destroy incentive. for some 20 years have operated World Wa.r II essence of the berth line trade. Certain carriers propose to assure private ships purchased from the government at F'ailure to supply such service would have financing for fleet replacement by leasing [tax payer-supported] bargain prices, but serious impact on the American economy. new ships to government on 20 year bareboat devoid of Government obligation or restric­ The manufacturing and marketing com­ charters, thus guaranteeing entire construc­ tion. plex of the nation is intricately dependent on tion loans. Government ls then asked to sub­ During that 20 year period few sought to be efficient berth line services to foreign outlets. charter the same ships back to the same embraced within the orbit of the 1936 Act. Such services must be responsive to adjust­ carriers for operation. Nor did they appear to oppose or fault its ment. The vicissitudes of time and the inci­ With assured financing, incentive to main­ basic provisions. dence of change erode old trade channels as tain shipbuilding reserves would diminish, if Now, however, with inadequate provision the streams of progress break forth into new not disappear. for vessel replacement, their ship capability courses. Sub-charters may be of one or more years' is running out of gas. No period of the 20th century has wrought duration thus eliminating any incentive to The real toboggan slide was not in the sub­ such volatile ch!ange as the current decade. insure future vessel employment; leaves Gov­ sidy contract berth line service but in the An age which attains the circmnnavigation ernment holding the bag. dry and liquid bulk transport field. of the moon, struggles with an ever accelerat­ Charter proposals let Government recover Tota.I U.S. dry cargo carriage slid from ing population explosion, and contends with costs through profit-sharing only. If no 55.8% in 1947 to 6.9% in 1967. U.S. tanker unprecedented social and economic change, profits, no recovery; if meager profits, meager carriage slid from 62.8% in 1947 to 3.5% in must expect corresponding impact upon com­ recovery; thus a perfect insulation from nor­ 1967. mal shipping obligations-a realistic dilution Subsidized liner operation did not resume merce and trade. of incentive. immediately after the war. However, during The shipping industry is no exception. The charter advocates ask, in addition, the 10 year period 1956-65, it transported Berth line services cannot be maximized that all Government aid. and military cargo [tonnage-wise] an average of 23.3% of all if there is excessive containment of opera­ be reserved for them. This would insure mas­ U.S. liner type foreign commerce (reached tions or denial of necessary flexibility for sive cargo allocation with minimum effort or as high as 30.1 % ) . This was 78.8% of all cargo adaptation to changing times. incentive. carried by U.S.-flag liner ships. Dollar-wise, The regulatory rigidity of berth line oper­ They also seek Government-established the percent of liner carriage by subsidy con­ ation on essential trade routes under the premium freight rates sufficient to guarantee tract lines was appreciably higher. 1936 Act must be appreciably modified and a profit with minimum service. Taking the equivalent period 1956-1965, all tempered to meet today's trade developments. Under such a formula, little incentive re­ U.S. liner services shrank from 38.7% to Containerization and other transport in­ mains. 21.5% (the latter transported principally by novations ca.ll for: liberality in adjusting The carrot in front of the donkey is subsidy contract lines). Non-liner carriage maximum and minimum sailings; facility in dwarfed indeed. shrank from 13.6 % to 2.9 % . Tanker carriage modifying ports of call; and broader trade LOSS OF BERTH LINE SERVICES-EFFECTS UPON alone shrank from 20.6% to 3.5%. route determinations based on ultimate in­ FOREIGN TRADE Bulk carriers represent approximately one termodal destinations. half of all private U.S. shipping. Yet the Partial transport by land as an interim Berth line trade is a most vital and irre­ greatest relative cargo shrinkage is in this transit on a water-borne voyage (termed placeable segtnent of our foreign commerce. segment where the 1936 Act has never been the land bridge) and a broader definition Its abandonment would reset the entire applied. general cargo movement. Smaller ports would of the "commerce of the United States" are suffer. Reduction in the size of the U.S. bulk essential. fleet is the principal reason; furthermore, Such modifications do not impair the berth Lower volume trades would appreciably ship replacement has been overtaken by fleet decline; those to south America, Africa and line concept. They only make liner operation Australia. obsolescence. more responsive to changing conditions. Attacks of the dissident carriers on the Heavy volume trades would expand; those 1936 Merchant Marine Act, a.s a. reaction to PROFILES OF INCENTIVE-ADVANTAGES OF THE to Europe and Asia. their own dilemma, is unjustified. It re­ BERTH LINE SERVICE More profitable trade designations would sembles burning down a city to gain what • Incentives in Berth Line Operation under be sought, eliminating those of lesser finan­ has not otherwise been secured. subsidy contract cial gain. The Labor-Management Maritime Commit­ Carriers operating under subsidy contract Some trade services would tend toward tee is in no wise opposed to those segments are not guaranteed a profit. They must earn diminution or abandonment; those to under­ of merchant shipping not encompassed with­ it. developed areas of the world. in the berth line category. Indeed, it has Opera.ting cost-differential support pro- On the American side, some services would 24944 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 9, 1969 substantially diminish due to lower revenues the Presidential Commission on Poverty, No. The trouble is that these six men, to­ generated; those from the Gulf and South making a skilled presentation. gether with others, were detained as long ago '\.tlantic ports. as last October. Since then they had, pre­ Any demise of the berth service would One of the most recent projects that Ike was working on was a proposed out­ sumably, been undergoing interrogation. transform liner operations into tramp serv­ Judging by the experience of other detainees ices. Like the call of the wild goose, shipping door theater in La Grange. Ike wanted they were quite likely in solitary confine­ services in the common carriage would tend to present in an art form, the cultural ment. During their detention two of them to follow a straight course to the most re­ heritage left by Czechs and Germans in died, and at the inquest on one, Nicodemus warding financial feeding ground. Texas. Kgwathe, allegations of a very serious nature Foreign commerce outside the berth trade I visitied with his wife Amanda during were made, though not proved, against the orbit moves under a broad canopy of com­ the recess and found her a woman of police. Even when the men were at last in­ mercial transport freedom. dicted, bail was refused. All this time their With no mandated regularity of sailings courage. His son a.nd his daughter will be a close comfort; they are all strong families, have presumably, been without or destinations, the nature of services may be breadwinners under a situation which holds more directly controlled by the carrier than people. out little hope of redress. the customer. Ike died that Tuesday morning and Even allowing for the difficulties this kind Such carriers may normally abandon a while the town was still dazed, they re­ of case presents, it ought not to have taken 10 given service at will; may leave any given ceived word of yet another loss. Frank months to bring some alleged hut-burners to service for more lucrative trade; may delay Kana died that same night. He was com­ trial or, alternatively, to discover that the sailings until ships are fully loaded; may ing back strong from a mild heart at­ case against them was a flimsy one. choose any ports of call or embarkation; may concentrate on high rate cargo; and may tack and no one expected anything but otherwise maximize vessel utilization. full, complete recovery. Non-berth line carriers have no mandated I remember Frank as a young man­ STATE INITIATIVE IN MANPOWER responsibility for the steady and regular flow he was an outstanding athlete aJt the PLANNING of commerce, nor the commercial transport University of Texas. Twice he played on protection of given trading areas. national championship teams and he Berth line service under the Merchant continued to support all of the university HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER Marine Act of 1936 operates effectively to athletic programs during his adult life. OF WISCONSIN promote such objectives. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Any loss of the service would leave gen­ Frank demonstrated the same com­ eral cargo shipping irreparably impaired. petive drive in the business world. While Tuesday, September 9, 1969 many would have found contentment and security as a banker, Frank moved Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. out into active civic work. He was presi­ Speaker, one of the most important rea­ FAYE'ITE COUNTY LEADERS dent of the La Grange Lions and served sons why I have introduced the Compre­ with other organizations such as the hensive Manpower Act of 1969 is my firm Knights of Columbus and the chamber conviction that a number of States now HON. J. J. PICKLE of commerce. passess the talent and know-how t.o de­ OF TEXAS These men were good and they were velop and implement more effective and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES efficient manpower programs. In my own good for their community. We will close State of Wisconsin, a number of man­ Tuesday, September 9, 1969 the ranks somehow and continue, but we can never forget them, because, Mr. power officials were talking in terms of Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, two of my Speaker, these two men were genuine, a comprehensive manpower council long close friends passed away during the progressive leaders who did things for before the idea became fashionable. recess and I am compelled to honor and their people. California, Oregon, Utah, and New York applaud their contributions to good gov­ have already taken steps in this direc­ ernment. Both men were among the tion. natural leaders in La Grange and Fay­ The State of Iowa, as early as last July, ette Counties, Tex.; both were young, and PERSONAL LIBERTY IN took significant steps to improve and both died on the same tragic day. SOUTH AFRICA coordinate its delivery of manpower I refer to County Judge Ike Petras and services. The following excerpt is from a Frank Kana, first vice president of the HON. DONALD M. FRASER report prepared by the Iowa State La Grange State Bank. Both men died on OF MINNESOTA CAMPS Staff Committee and written up Tuesday, August 19, 1969. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES by Mr. Allen Jensen, administrative as­ We had no warning. The public could sistant to the committee. Mr. Jensen is not have been more shocked, or grievously Tuesday, September 9, 1969 now a staff member of the National Gov­ saddened. Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, the follow­ ernors' Conference. I would like to in­ Judge Petras was in the hospital with ing is an editorial which was printed in troduce this report as an example of minor surgery when complications set in. the August 20, 1969, edition of the Star what one State has done to develop a He was 49. Frank Kana was making ex­ of Johannesburg, South Africa. The so­ workable interagency manpower plan­ cellent recovery of a mild heart attack ciety which is able to conceive and exe­ ning system in spite of the current chaos when a second attack struck him. He was cute the apartheid system is a society and confusion which characterizes our 42. which is insensitive to issues of personal manpower programs. I am also including Judge Petras was long a leader in La liberty. Certainly it is heartening to see the excellent statement of manpower Grange; he had served the county for a South African newspaper raising its goals which the Iowa State CAMPS Staff the past 22 years. He rose from a deputy editortal voice against this violation of Committee has drawn up: in the tax office, to district clerk to human rights. REPORT OF THE IOWA STATE CAMPS STAFF county judge. He knew his business from TEN MONTHS' DETENTION COMMITTEE the ground up. He loved people; and There is an indifference to personal liberty The following report which has been pre­ people loved and respected Ike. which is doing the South African judicial pared by the Iowa State CAMPS Staff Com­ Since the day Ike Petras first grabbed system no credit. mittee is presented in a rough form and can the reins, he was a busy man for his In the Pretoria Supreme Court on Monday only give an indication of the effort being six Bakwena from Hebron, north of Pretoria, made in the State of Iowa to develop a truly people. Among his most visible projects intera.gency manpower planning system. are the beautification of the courthouse were found not guilty of sabotage and were and the grounds, and the addition of an discharged. EMPHASIS ON AREA OR LOCAL INVOLVEMENT IN annex building in nearby Schulenburg. It is not relevant to our complaint that PLANNING this serious charge appeared to have evolved The plann.ing system which is being de­ The intangibles are not visible, but you from a relatively commonplace incident-­ veloped emphasizes the involvement of 16 can feel them. Judge Petras breathed a some hut-burning in protest against the ap­ Area. CAMPS committees whose formal mem­ spirit and vigor into his central Texas pointment of an allegedly unpopular head­ bership includes representatives from 15 Area home. He would not let problems sit man. The thing might have turned out to Vocational Schools, 21 Comm.unity Action around unsolved. I remember well his be a conspiracy of some real importance Agencies, 8 district offices of the Division many visits to Washington. Often, he to public security. of Rehabllltation Education Services, 34 local Nor is it relevant that the evidence event­ Employment Service offices, 8 area offices of and I would visit with another close ually presented to the court against these the State Department of Social Services and friend, President Lyndon Johnson. Once, men was slight, conflicting and valueless. 5 Area offices of the Statewide On-the-Job the judge carried his fight directly to The court lost no time in finding that out. Training project. September 9, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24945

PLANS FOR PLANNING the agencies as to their services so that they and needed location of services within the The regional CAMPS Com.mi ttee should can compare and analyze and plan their ac­ area. evaluate the following document as a "Plan tivities, in such a way that will minimize the for Planning" and not a final Plan that spells duplication of effort that sometimes may oc­ TYPES OF SERVICE ACTIVITIES CHANGES out the planned allocation ol'. resources of cur and likewise attempt to ensure that man­ THROUGH THE COOPERATIVE AREA MAN­ the many federal, state and local programs power services of particular types are not ab­ POWER PLANNING SYSTEM according to priorities of needs. Such a so­ sent in other areas. 1. Increase or decrease total amount of a phisticated Plan and the various elements B. The needs of the Job market is probably service activity based on identified popula­ of such a Plan will be submitted to the Re­ the most complete part of the report at this tion and/ or Job market needs. gional CAMPS Committee as the procedures time and is in large part the result of the 2. Specialization or concentration of a and tools of an interagency manpower Plan­ Skilled Needs Surveys that were financed and service activity in fewer agencies to increase ning system are developed. It is the feeling of coordinated in large part by the State De­ efficiency and effectiveness. the State CAMPS Sta.ff Committee that partment of Public Instruction through the 3. Shifting responsibilities between agen­ Area Vocational Schools. Data available CAMPS is an ongoing planning process and cies to achieve intra agency coupling of serv­ cannot be effective if limited to a single one­ through the local Employment Service offices ice activities needed to ensure continuity be­ time report to be completed annually. was also utilized. tween services. The Regional C.AiMPS Committee can ex­ c. The employability development needs 4. Create balance between the amounts of pect to be continually receiving additions of the people of the State of Iowa is in the service activities to fit ratio between needs and changes in the Iowa State CAMPS report process of being determined through a com­ identified. until it will eventually be called an Iowa bination of a review of agency case records 5. Shift to use of different type of service State CAMPS Plan. plus surveys and other relevant information activity to serve some needs of population IOWA APPROACHES CONTRARY TO NATIONAL in order to determine the mix and incidence and/ or Job market. CAMPS ISSUANCES of the needs of all of the people of the State of Iowa. One thing is unmistakenly clear There are a number of approaches that and that is, that a priority item in the de­ RETREAT ON CIVIL RIGHTS were taken to the Cooperative Area Man­ velopment of a viable and accurate man­ power Planning System in Iowa this past power planning system is the development ENFORCEMENT year that were not in agreement with the and the funding of research and survey ac­ suggestions set forth in the National CAMPS tivities and data storage and retrieval sys­ HON. WILLIAM F. RYAN Issuances. I will comment on them briefly tems that will provide a more adequate anticipating that there will be an oppor­ measuze of the relative needs between the OF NEW YORK tunity to discuss them in more detail per­ geographic areas to be served and the priori­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sonally with representatives of the National ties as to the manpower service activities Tuesday, September 9, 1969 and Regional CAMPS Committees at a later needs of the people in an area. date. Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, 15 years after A. Sixteen Area CAMPS Committees were INVOLVEMENT BY THE OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR established in contrast to the one for the Des The Office of the Governor has been pro­ the U.S. Supreme Court desegregation Moines metropolitan area that was recom­ viding the overall leadership to the develop­ decision, 5 years after the historic Civil mended. ment of the Cooperative Area Manpower Rights Act of 1964, the power of the Fed­ B. The State CAMPS Executive and Staff Planning System in Iowa this year through eral Government is not being fully used committees in Iowa are made up only of State a subdivision of the Governor's office, the to achieve equality for all of our citl­ government personnel and did not include Office for Planning and Programming. I zens--in education, in housing, in jobs, representatives of the Federal manpower would urge the members of the Regional and in other areas of our national life. agencies. CAMPS Committee to rea.d the introduction Not only have legislative acts and Execu­ C. The Planning system that ls being de­ to this report found in Chapter I. This in­ troduction gives the rationale for the type tive orders against discrimination not veloped is being developed on the premise been fully implemented, but civil rights that federally funded manpower programs and nature of the involvement of the Office cannot be planned or realistic plans devel­ of the Governor of Iowa in CAMPS. protections have been undermined by oped without the involvement of the relevant I wish to point out again that the docu administrative failures and retreats. decision makers concerned with State and ment which follows ls not a final draft of The latest blow to civil rights was the locally financed programs. This is in contrast an Iowa State CAMPS plan but is only a action of the Secretary of Health, Edu­ to what is projected as the primary focus of tool that is being used by the State CAMPS cation, and Welfare in asking for a post­ the National and Regional CAMPS planning Sta.ff Committee to present some idea of the ponement of public school desegregation activities, that is, built around federally nature of the interagency manpower plan­ in 33 Mississippi counti~as though financed manpower programs. ning syste111 that is "being developed in Iowa. In summary the manpower planning sys­ 15 years was not enough time in which PRIMARY PROBLEMS CONFRONTED tem being developed emphasizes: to comply with the Supreme Court deci­ The total and comprehensive approach 1. local or area level involvement in the sion. which is being attempted in Iowa has meant planning process Roy Wilkins, executive director of the that there were many people to get involved, 2. comprehensiveness in scope as to the NAACP, in a column published in the many of whom have never been required to service activities being planned, and do any realistic planning before. It also New York Post of September 6, com­ meant that the present lack of uniformity in 3. is cognizant of the interdependencies of mented upon the latest failure of the Federal, State and locally financed and ad­ Nixon administration to enforce equal the boundaries of the geographic areas that ministered manpower programs. are the service areas for the agencies par­ rights. Mr. Wilkins observed: ticipating in CAMPS created logistics prob­ Everyone fa.m11iar with government oper­ lems and problems in data gathering for the GOALS FOR AREA CAMPS COMMITTEES FOR ations has known for months that the Nixon area CAMPS committees. Just these two FISCAL YEAR 1969 Administration has been playing patty-cake problems alone would be enough to require 1. Develop and implement a systematic with civil rights ... The law ls there for the additional time to develop a realistic plan approach to defining the role of each agency law and order regime to enforce. Or does even though the Iowa State CAMPS Staff has in the provision of each specific and com­ law and order mean only containment and averaged at least one meeting a week since monly defined type of service activity. control of the Negro population? the middle of December of last year. This 2. Develop and implement a planning I urge my colleagues to read Roy Wil­ again emphasized the fact that there is the system which can for a given population kins' article, "An Unmistakable Retreat," need to develop a manpower planning system determine the amount and ratios between which is continuous in nature and that ade­ and I urge the administration to enforce the identified and estimated employability law and order for the protection of the quate and specialized planning staff be or­ development and employer relations and ganized within each of the agencies partic­ community service needs and relate these civil rights of all Americans-black and ipating in CAMPS. to optimum amounts and ratios between white. INFORMATION SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROGRESS service activities required. The article follows: As ls explained in more detail in the report 3. Develop and implement an interagency AN UNMISTAKABLE RETREAT the State CAMPS Staff Committee is develop­ service delivery system which includes (a) ( By Roy Wilkins) ing an lnteragency data or information sys­ an interagency individual case planning sys­ Even those who have bent over backwards tem for use in the planning process. These ef­ tem and (b) an interagency case tracking trying to find some good in the civil rights forts were primarily in the following three system during the process of providing policies of the Nixon Administration have areas: services to an individual by more than one been taken aback by recent developments. A. The development of categories and defi­ agency. The real blow came with the unprece­ nitions of the manpower service activities 4. Develop a plan for organizing a man­ dented letter of HEW Secretary Finch to that are a part of an interagency manpower power development service delivery system on federal court Judges withdrawing the school service effort in a multi-county area or State. a common multi-county area basis taking desegregation suit against 33 Mississippi This provided the common language between into account levels of specializaition needed counties. CXV--1572-Part 18 24946 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 9, 1969 The letter said the action, prepared after States has lost one of its great political state of Kansas. Both sums, according to the analyses by HEW experts, would bring "cha­ figures. Barratt O'Hara was one of the deceased one's will, are to be used "for the os" to the school districts. It implied clearly few truly W1ique public men of our age. payment of the federal debt and the debts that the districts had special problems and For Barratt O'Hara's story is not the of the State of Kansas." would not have time enough to effect de­ So many do their utmost to be good segregation. Secretary Finch asked a delay story of a single career, but of several American citizens. They have to for this until December 1. careers, any one of which would have nation to succeed. But this contribution by There might have been only the cynical proven more than a match for the capa­ a citizen in dollars and cents is truly beyond (and expected) reaction from Negro citizens bilities of an ordinary man. Barratt the realm of norm. had not lawyers in the Civil Rights Division O'Hara was not an ordinary man. We suggest this person, a widow, in Kan­ of the Justice Dept. held a protest meeting. His life and public career spanned gen­ sas, be remembered as more than a good The men present, reportedly as many as erations and included his participation citizen. Perhaps she may be given the title: one-half of those employed, broadened their in events that most of us have only read Mrs. Mattie Meisner, Citizen Extraordi· criticism from that on schools to include naire. the alleged "slowdown" on the whole civil about in history books. Barratt O'Hara rights issue. was a veteran of the Spanish-American Nothing in these events is new-certainly War and was the Congress' last direct MARS, THE EARTH, AND COMMIT­ not the general downward civil rights link with that historic conflict. MENT trend--except the letter of Mr. Finch and He was a historic figure in his own the protest meeting of the attorneys. Every­ right--serving nearly 20 years in this one familiar with government operations has body. His integrity, his conscientiousness, known for months that the Nixon Adminis­ and W1derstanding of the issues were HON. JOHN D. DINGELL tration has been playing patty-cake with noted and admired by his colleagues. OF MICHIGAN civil rights. It has asserted that it is merely IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES being "more businesslike," "more efficient" Those of us who knew him well were not and is "streamlining" a vast confusion. surprised at all to hear him stand in this Tuesday, September 9, 1969 These phrases have fooled no one. They Chamber at the age of 84 and articulate Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, the Sep­ have not deceived those Southern whites a policy for Africa and the emerging who invented racial doubletalk long before third world that was a. model of fore­ tember, 1969, issue of Nation's Cities, President Nixon was born. They have not sight, humanity, and commonsense. He the official publication of the National deceived Negroes. brought to his work on African affairs League of Cities, ran a front cover edi­ Mr. Finch (whom I believe--perhaps na­ more energy and insight than men half torial on the need to provide adequate ively-acted under pressure) stripped away fWlding for the Clean Water Restoration uncertainty. Withdrawing a law suit is an his age. Barratt O'Hara lived his life fully. He Act. unmistakable retreat. It is a confession of Entitled ''Mars, the Earth, and Com­ error, 1! not in judgment, then in timing. was a man never content to stand still. No matter how it is explained, it remains a He was out in front on the important is­ mitment" the editorial expresses the backdown. The segregationists win another sues of his day, whether the day was in frustrations of local government in their round. 1925 or 1965. He was a constant source efforts to meet the Nation's clean water With a hard-fisted and knowledgeable of inspiration and amazement to all those needs. Texan in the White House, their victories who knew him. Barratt's career was The Clean water Restoration Act was were few and never in the open. With a legendary. It has been duplicated and enacted by Congress in 1966 as a "cooper­ Californian-New Yorker there, heading a ative" effort between the Federal Gov­ party hungry for jobs and power, the going matched by very few, and I doubt that has been easier. In the background, always, many in future years will be able to ernment the States and local commWli­ has been the insatiable group of professional achieve as much. He was truly "The ties to g~t on with the necessary job of white Southerners whose followers are the Happy Warrior." building municipal sewage treatment emotional, unperceptive opponents of the plants. Federal fW1ding, however, has idea that government should do anything never been adequate and as the editorial for blacks. evidences, we are reaping a harvest of The basic racial struggle in this country MRS. MATI'IE MEISNER, CITIZEN frustration and bitterness from the Na­ since 1865 has been to persuade the central EXTRAORDINAffiE tion's cities. I recommend this important government to protect the constitutional rights of black citizens against the subtle reading to our colleagues: and overt onslaughts of the states. The ra­ MARS, THE EARTH, AND COMMITMENT cial practices imposed by whites upon blacks, HON. CHESTER L. MIZE So now they want to send men to Mars. while cruel and often spectacular and re­ OF KANSAS NASA director Dr. Thomas Paine says we volting, have been secondary. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES have the technical knowledge to do the job Whenever legislation and the courts have by 1981. All we need is the will and commit­ bolstered these rights, as in the period, Tuesday, September 9, 1969 ment. Well, we have the technical knowledge 1954-1968, discrimination has been beaten to correct most of our urban pollution prob­ back. Until recently, the screams of the m111- Mr. MIZE. Mr. Speaker, the generous lems--now. All we need is the will and com­ tants against government have been mostly act of Mrs. Mattie Meisner of Sabetha, mitment. heated rhetoric. But the Nixonites, by ac­ Kans., in willing more than $55,000 to We feel the will and commitment to battle tively aiding the erosion of rights, are giv­ the Federal Government to apply on the pollution have been evident in most of our ing substance to stridency. national debt, has attracted widespread municipal governments. But we can't say It cannot be repeated too often that the attention. I recently received the edi­ that about the federal government. Take, school districts in and outside the South torial page of the Painesville, Ohio, for example, the shameful way it has failed have been on notice since May 17, 1954, to Telegraph and had my attention directed to meet its obligations under the 1966 Clean desegregate. Those communities that resisted Waters Restoration Act. A total of $1.3 billion a court decision for a decade ran finally into to an editorial in which the editor sug­ was authorized under the act from fiscal the Civil Rights Act of 1964. They chose gested that Mrs. Meisner be given the 1967 through 1969. But now much actually still to stand pat. Under these circumstances, title of "Citizen Extraordinaire." was appropriated to help states and local the "chaos" and "special problems" excuses I heartily subscribe to this recognition governments build wastewater treatment of the Nixon Administration mean little. for Mrs. Meisner, and insert the edi­ facilities? Only $567 million, or roughly 44 The law is there for the law and order torial in the RECORD, as follows: per cent. The remaining unappropriated 56 regime to enforce. Or does law and order per cent is an outrageous funding gap. But mean only containment and control of the CITIZEN EXTRAORDINAIRE during that same period, a total of $4.1 bil­ Negro population? U.S. Rep. Chester L. Mize the other day lion in wastewater treatment facilities some­ was telling the House floor how he was per­ how were built. Where, then, did the money forming "one of the most unusual chores to come from? It came, of course, from local HON. BARRATr O'HARA befall me." governments (and, in a few cases, from Continuing in the same tone of empha­ states) , placed under the gun to meet new sized amazement, he said, "I have been re­ federal/ state water quality standards set by HON. SIDNEY R. YATES quested to serve as the middleman in a the 1965 Water Quality Act. Now these water transaction, the likes of which I have not quality standard deadlines are fast approach­ OF ILLINOIS heard about before. . ." ing and many cities will be able to meet them IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES His mission in short was to relay a check only by overextending themselves finan­ Wednesday, September 3, 1969 in the amount of $55,657.79 to the govern­ cially, thus taking already limited funds ment. That sum represented what a con­ away from other vi.ta! urban needs such as Mr. YATES. Mr. Speaker, with the stituent had left in her will to the U.S. gov­ education, poverty, and housing. passing of Barrat.t O'Hara the United ernment. She left a similar amount to the Will Congress continue to renege on its September 9, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24947

obllgation to fully fund the 1966 act? Not if Many of our rivers are no better. The Hud­ take no immediate action to alleviate today's the National League of Cities and the other son flows to the sea. as a ribbon of filth. The problems. The technology commonly used concerned groups Joined together in the Potomac is occasionally lovely to look a.t, as a basis for design is largely outmoded to­ Citizens Crusade for Clean Water have any­ but swimming is a real health risk. All over day and results in inefficient use of dollars. thing to say about it. And not if the growing the nation our great natural waiter resources We are spending sizable amounts of Federal congressional support for a full $1-billlon are being despoiled by a.n ever-growing glut money in financing research efforts to de­ 1970 appropriation continues to gain of filth. velop improved technology making such long momentum. City officials and concerned citi­ What has happened to the millions and range projeots even a more inefficient use of zens throughout the nation can join this mill1ons of dollars we have expended in try­ today's dollars. fight for full federal funding by immediately ing to combat this disease that has cost us In effect we axe spending money to design bombarding their congressmen with requests one of our greatest national assets? It has fadllties for the future, and at the same to support the $1-billion 1970 appropriation. been spent in a scatter-shot approach to time are striving to make sure they are obso­ Success in gaining increased funding is not the problem, using outmoded methods, and, lete before they are built. In addition, the only necessary to meet our water pollution a.s a result, pollution has increased a.t a now-outmoded 1963 standards for pollution control needs in the years ahead, but to re­ greater rate than our efforts to clean it up. control are based on the concept of unlimited. store local and state government confidence In 1966 we in Congress authorized 3.4 bil­ funding. This is falacious to the extreme in in the federal government's credibility. Na­ lion dollars to be spent through the year 1971 light of the tremendous fiscal burden that tional goals for an unfouled urban environ­ on pollution abatement. This money was to the Congress and the nation must face this ment have been enunciated by Congress be spent primarily to increase secondary year and in years to come. We hiave too many many times during the past decade. But, un­ sewage treatment facilities. Yet testimony areas that require Federal a.id, and too few like ·the space program, the will and commit­ has shown that to keep up with increasing dollars to go around. In addition, the spiral ment to achieve these goals often have not needs at least $20 billion would be needed of inflation has created further spurs for been present. by 1972 in order to achieve this goal. Federal thrift. Mars can wait. Our environmental pollu­ The New York Times estimated in 1966 So we cannot toss the needed billions into tion control needs here on Earth cannot. that we must spend 75 billion dollars in the the fray against pollution and get the results next twenty-five years if we are to conquer we want and need. But we continue to plan water pollution with the conventional ap­ as though these billions were available. proach now being used. This is an ave-rage An overall master plan for meeting our NEED NEW NATIONAL POLICY FOR of 3 blllion dollars per year for 25 years. Yet needs in the year 2000 is fine, but it does WATER POLLUTION ABATEMENT only $200 million in federal funds is avail­ not meet today's needs and it does not give able for the current fisoal year. The pollution us pollution abatement today. Even more, funding gap now stands at three quarters of planning and building plants for that far in a billion dollars. But even at this reduced the future is almost impossible to finance HON. WENDELL WYATT rate of funding, there is serious question as today. Trying to meet the waste treatment OF OREGON to whether we are getting anywhere near our needs of the next generation with today's IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES money's worth. dollars is a very heavy burden; so, in many Municipal and industrial wastes dumped cases, only half measures are undertaken, Tuesday, September 9, 1969 into rivers and lakes is the single and prime and pollution continues to grow. oouse of pollution. It is in the treatment of Another weakness is that waste treatment Mr. WYA TT. Mr. Speaker, I wish to these wastes that we must take our stand plants built today are assumed to operate share with my colleagues, and all who against pollution. These facts are well known. at 90% efficiency all of the time when in are interested in water pollution control, This is the reason so much federal emphasis fact they may operate at this efficiency only a speech I delivered at the Downtown has been placed on the secondary treatment 80% of the time. During the other 20% of Rotary Club in Portland, Oreg.: of sewage wastes. You should realize, how­ the time the plant may be 100% ineffective THE NEED FOR DRAMATIC NEW NATIONAL POL­ ever, that 45 per cent of all United States to the boy wanting to swim downstream ICY FOR WATER POLLUTION ABATEMENT population is still not served by secondary from the plant discharge pipe. A realistic sewage treatment plants. evaluation of the reliability of today's treat­ One of the programs hit hardest by the ment processes indicates that many pollu­ current money pinch is one which we can We are not failing in achieving our water pollution abatement goals for lack of will. tion programs may fall considerably short least afford to delay-the nation's water of hoped for effectiveness and reliability. pollution control program. Many other prob­ The people in the United States overwhelm­ ingly de-sire to save our environment. The Is the situation hopeless? Must we accept lems we face will be irrelevant if we so foul the continuing blight of pollution as inevi­ our environment that it becomes a.n unfit fancy funding promises of the last few years by the Federal government have resulted in table? The answer is a strong and resounding place in which to live. NO!!! The pollution of our nation's waterways amazing responses from American votes, this in spite of the predictable 1nab111ty of the I propose that our efforts be concentrated with municipal and industrial wastes is a. on altering the time accepted approaches to problem of ever-growing magnitude. The Federal government to come up with its matching share. this problem so that reasonable dollars ex­ Federal government long a.go saw the grave pended wisely will allow us to make imme­ impact on our environment of these wastes The strong desire of our citizens for ade­ quate pollution control programs is reflected diate progress yet take full advantage of new if nothing was done to halt the pollution technology in effectively gaining the upper flood. As a. result we have today in Wash­ by the great margins by which very large pollution control bond issues have recently hand in the pollution control problems of ington the Federal Water Pollution Control tomorrow. Administration, and a. variety of programs been carried, in the face of general tiax re­ vulsion. It is time to discard outmoded, often im­ in not only that agency, but many others, possible 20 year plans. It is time to stop designed to combat this cancerous disease of For example, the voters of the State of our scattergun approach to fighting pollu­ our rivers, lakes, streams, and coastal waters. New York approved a one billion dollar bond tion. It is time to meet the needs and wishes This country will have an estimated popu­ issue in 1968 by a margin of 4 to 1. The of our people today, not on a "maybe" basis lation of 400,000,000 people by the year people of St. Louis, Missouri, recently ap­ 20 years from now or at the end of the cen­ 2,020 ... just fifty years from now. Pollution proved a $95,000,000 bond issue by a 5 to 1 tury. problems will increase proportionately; they margin. These results reflect the intense de­ I suggest today that the Federal govern­ wlll certainly not simply disappear. sire to improve our environment. Unfortu­ ment undertake a complete revision of its The Federal government has been chan­ nately, the public's desire is running ahead concept of pollution abatement. A new na­ neling mlllions upon millions of dollars into of the government's abilities to provide a tional policy must be adopted. I suggest new pollution control and abatement programs, suitable program. priorities be drawn. And, most of all, I sug­ yet at best we have done little more than Our present approach toward control of gest we use our limited funds in the most hold even. Many of our rivers and lakes are pollution is both outmoded and ineffective. effective possible way to fight the filth in no cleaner today than they were when the Our dollars are being spent and our entire our lakes and rivers, so that we will begin Federal programs were begun. abatement program is based on a concept to harvest the results today, instead of hop­ The Great Lakes, once magnificent bodies that cannot work, and has not worked. ing for results in the far future. of water-useful for fishing and recreation, This concept calls for secondary treatment This is not an impossibility. This is not a a.re steadily being degraded in quality to of all wastes. These secondary facilities are pipe dream. It can and should be done. And the point where their recreational value is being designed around technology 40 years it can be done by allocating our funds under becoming more and more limited. Recreation old and are intended to serve for 20--30 years a priority system that gives the most pounds on many stretches of Iakefront is forgotten. in the future. This results in some serious of pollution removed per dollar spent. As it is Pollution has made the water unsafe for inconsistencies in national policy. By de­ now most of the funds are distributed on a swimmers. Successful efforts to plant Oregon signing facilities sized for the distant future, first come, first served basis, without regard Cohoe salmon in Lake Michigan have been we are imposing a tremendous financial bur­ to obtaining maximum returns. negated by pollution which makes them un­ den on today's economy. In many cases, To do this we must utilize the advanced safe to eat. taking a bite this big causes us to choke and technology available. We must invest, not in 24948 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 9, 1969 old-fashioned plants that are already out­ create results now. We need central direction borhood. Inside the house where the flag moded, but in the newest and most produc­ of a national research effort to develop still hangs, this sadness is particularly acute be­ tive areas of waste treatment. more advanced technology. And we must re­ cause Mike's pa.rents, brother, sisters and Our goal must be immediate high-yield vise our Federal outlook to adopt this high­ grandmother don't know exactly how death pollution abatement. We must be able to yield pollution abatement concept immedi­ came to the young Marine. see results from our efforts. It costs far less, ately 1f we are not to perish in our own This anguish is heightened by a newspaper for example, to use this technology to im­ wastes. report about the accidental shooting and by prove existing waste treatment plants to Our needs are great today. They will be telephone ca.Us to newspapers. where they can handle waste materials at greater tomorrow. We must begin to meet "There's no basis for the newspaper report 90% efficiency 100% of the time than to them today by expecting and getting im­ a.bout how the shooting occurred," said the build plants for twenty years in the future. mediate results from our efforts at pollution corporal's father, Joseph Dwyer, a machine And technology can keep pace. Updating control. opera.tor for Union Light. "No details have existing facilities through modern methods The logic of the programs of the immediate been reported by the Marine Corps." every five yea.rs, instead of ma.king one great past would have led the legendary Dutch Yesterday, while preparing to attend the expense on the _basis of twenty years Will boy to refuse to put his finger in the hole funeral of Joseph Dwyer's uncle, John Mur· give pollution abatement results now, and in the dike because he felt the optimum phy of 118 Martin street, the fa.mily paused will cost less, ts more easily financed and solution was to build a new dike. Let's plug to speak of Michael. offers more flex1b1Uty for incorporating fu­ the hole in the pollution control dike until His mother, Mrs. Alpha Dwyer, a keypunch ture advances in technology. we can afford the new dike lest we drown opera.tor at Shillito's, said: Technology developed in Oregon offers one in a flood of pollution in the interim. "He was a wonderful boy. You don't find means of achieving these intermediate goals. his like any more. It would be nice if there We have developed techniques for increasing were more young men Uke Mike." the capacity and performance of existing pri­ His sister Patricia, 18: mary or secondary sewage clarlfiers without "To me, !Mike was a kind of second Christ. the need for new construction. Plastic mod­ COVINGTON MARINE KILLED IN He had such kind feelings toward everybody. ules of high-rate sedimentation devices ca.n VIETNAM I never heard him say anything against any­ be installed in existing clarifier structures body--even if he hated something about to greatly increase their capacity and effi­ them." ciency. This ooncept has already been proven HON. M. G. (GENE) SNYDER His sister Deborah, 15: in plants as large as 45 MGD. Pollution OF KENTUCKY "Oh, Mike was wonderful! He was such a caused by overloaded primary and secondary IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nice big brother!" clarifiers can be greatly reduced by use of His father: this concept until new plant construction can Tuesday, September 9, 1969 "I don't know. You got me stumped. I take place. Inoorporatton of this settling con­ Mr. SNYDER. Mr. Speaker, on July 25, don't know how to say it." cept in new plant design Will reduce the 1969, Cpl. Michael A. Dwyer, a 20-year­ His brother Rickey: cost of new facilities when they are built. "Mike and I used to wrestle. The only Space and capital costs of industrial waste old marine from Covington, became an­ way I could beat him was to take him by treatment system can be reduced. The treat­ other of the valiant youths who has surprise. He could have let me Win, but he ment of storm-water overflows can be carried given his life while serving his country didn't. He wanted to make a. man of me." out in systems much smaller and cheaper and protecting the free world. Michael Dwyer dropped out of Holy Cross than those currently being considered. A pre­ The sympathy of thousands of other High School to enlist in the Marine Corps. liminary design of a stormwater treatment families who have pa.id this sacrifice goes He died of an accidental gunshot wound system utilizing this settling concept has out to the Dwyer family and to them also aboard the hospital ship on July 25. been laid out in which the treatment could goc;s the gratitude of those of us whom His cousin, A2c Jack Huenefeld of Ft. be accomplished beneath existing city streets Mlke died protecting. Thomas, stationed in Vietnam, acconpanied Within existing city rights-of-way. Corporal Dwyer's body as escort. At the same time, our research efforts need The Kentucky Post article of August The airman said his cousin had received to be given a sharper focus and more clearly 12, written by Sigman Byrd, which re­ a Purple Heart in Vietnam 1but had never defined objectives. As it is now, our federally ports the loss of the lOlst Upper Blue­ told his family he had been wounded. financed research projects largely are origi­ grass young man to the war in Vietnam, naited by field researchers and are conceived follows: With the primary objective of getting a MIKE WAS WONDERFUL Federal grant. In many instances the research (By Sigman Byrd) BARRATT O'HARA makes little or no contribution to technology and provides answers to which there are no When word got a.round on July 20 that practical questions. Mike Dwyer was on the hospital ship Sanc­ Pollution abatement should be a national tua.ry, folks around Scott and Martin streets, HON. JOSEPH P. ADDABBO goal of the same priority as the moon pro­ Covington, starting praying for the young OF NEW YORK Marine. gram. Neil Armstrong would never have set IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES foot on the moon if the Apollo program had Those who didn't pray, and some who did, no more central direction than the pollu­ had masses said for Cpl. Michael A. Dwyer, Wednesday, September 3, 1969 tion research program. There is only one USMC, who WaF- wounded accidentally while on combat duty in Vietnam. Mr. ADDABBO. Mr. Speaker, we have NASA but there are 15 Federal agencies con­ lost a true leader with the passing of our ducting pollution control research and 50 Mike was only 20. Up until the time he state agencies which must first review and enlisted in the Marine Corps last December former colleague, Barratt O'Hara. approve new concepts before they can be put he neither drank nor smoked. He lived a full and meaningful life But a.t Suttmiller's Saloon, 1358 Scott, Paul and as a result future generations will into practice. The Federal Water Pollution Suttmiller started a fund to buy Mike a Control Administration should set specific gift. remember. him with the . same admira­ goals and make specific research assignments Everybody loved Mike Dwyer. He had no tion once so eloquently expressed by intead of merely handing out the money to enemies except the enemies of his country. Clarence Darrow who said: projects that often a.re unrelated to practical Today corporal Dwyer lies in a. casket cov­ I a.m envious of only one thing in this solutions. ered With the national ensign at the Linne­ world. I Wish I had Barratt O'Hara's courage. We should make a national commitment to mann FUneral Home, Covington. The money deal wllth water pollution of the same magni­ collected at the neighborhood saloon went First elected to the House in 1948 at tude that we made a decade ago to place for some of the flowers beside the casket, and the age of 66, Barratt O'Hara arrived in a man on the moon. for a mass to be offered for the repose of his Washington with the well-earned repu­ Waste treatment and pollution abatement soul. tation of one of the Nation's leading must be financed on today's dollars, and it He is the lOlst northern Kentucky service­ criminal attorneys. He had defended lit­ should meet today's needs. Pollution does man killed in Vietnam, and Kenton County's not operate on 20 year projections. It is here 40th. erally hundreds of persons and never lost and now. We must meet it here and now or Visitation is 3 to 9 p.m. today. A Requiem a defendant to the death penalty. 1t will be with us 20 years from now, after High Mass will be sung for Corporal Dwyer He had been the youngest Lieutenant we have spent our money in vain. at the Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption Governor of Illinois--age 30-and his For if we do not start getting results in at 9 a.m. Wednesday. congressional career was to be just as cleaning up our waterways soon, it may be Burial with military honors will be at outstanding as his legal career. too late. It may already be too late for Lake Mother of God Cemetery. Erie. We must demand a. dollar's worth of Today at the Dwyer home, 1412 Scott, the After serving his initial few terms on abatement for a dollar spent. We must meet Stars and Stripes hangs from a flagstaff the House Banking and Currency Com­ today's needs. We must utilize technology bracketed to a front-porch pillar. mittee, Barratt O'Hara was appointed to now available to lower finance costs and to A mood of sadneS1, haunts the whole neigh- the Committee on Foreign Affairs where September 9, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24949 he became chairman of the Subcom- [From the Washington Post, ous enjoyment-and the almost irresistible mittee on African Affairs. . Sept. 7, 1969] urge to join in-when it was "Burn, baby, A FLAWED DREAM HURTS UNITE"D STATES burn" time in Washington a year ago. He led the fight to establish the Na­ Why, you wonder-why so terribly bitter? tional Science Foundation and was a vig­ (By Robert C. Good) In Denver, there is a school board election, orous advocate of civil rights legisla­ (NoTE.-Good resigned as ambassador to and it provides part of the frighteningly obvi­ tion-one of the early sponsors of anti­ Zambia in Ja.nu.a.ry and returned to Wash­ ous answer. The issue is school integration. poll tax legislation. ington to write a book. He found "a deeply A liberal board has devised techniques for We have lost a courageous colleague changed America" after 3 Y:i years abroad, achieving genuine mixing despite largely seg­ and in an address to the Council on Religion regated neighborhoods. It involves busing and our consolation lies in the legacy and International Affairs at Denver, he took some students. which he left to us-a career filled with "an intensely personal, almost private, look Negro leaders fight hard to maintain it, excitement, achievements, and recogni­ at this restless America . . . It is the searing giving the the lie to the notion that Negroes tion. experience of re-entry (for which available now want only separation. But liberal can­ heat shields are really quite inadequate) didates are defeated by 2Yz to 1. A black . . ." The following is excerpted from his leader sums it up: "We now see. The dream THE AMERICAN DILEMMA-IS PER­ speech.) is over. The white community is not willing MISSIVENESS PROGRESSIVE? It hits you at first in innumerable trivial to take on the commitment and make our encounters, each inconsequential, but the country one and bring us together." cumulative impact ls undeniable. It takes RAGE WITH VARIATION perceptibly longer to drive from point to HON. LOUIS C. WYMAN point on congested streets. Spring comes and Anger accumulates. It can now break sur­ OF NEW HAMPSHIRE you notice more sick trees than there used face. That is the difference four years have made. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to be. An armed guard adlnits you to the local You attend a conference at Cornell. The Tuesday, September 9, 1969 savings and loan, locking the door after you president-it was what you might call a com­ Mr. WYMAN. Mr. Speaker, the extent enter. The manager explains that they were mand performance--explains the university's robbed five times last year. Next to the bank investment policy from a stage presided over of the existing confusion of our institu­ by two black students wearing black gloves tions and precepts is capably described by there is a row of loan offices, each with an identical sign in the window: "There is no and carrying clubs sawed from a new 2x4. former Ambassador to Zambia, Robert C. cash kept in this office; we pay all loans by One of them impatiently seizes "Perkins," as Good, in an article appearing recently che·ck." Buses accept only tokens or exact he is adderssed by the radicals--courtesy, you in the Washington Sunday Post. Ambas­ change. discover, having quite disappeared from rev­ sador Good's reactions to life and affairs A real estate developer is advertising olutionary rhetoric-and in the ensuing up­ roar you express shock to an SDS leader with in America upon his return after more luxurious homes in a "maximum security" lots of hair sitting near you. than a 3-year absence furnish a concise area. A friend, before you depart his home in downtown Washington at night, quotes the He says, referring to the feelings of the gynthesis of conditions resulting from a blacks, "Now you know what real rage is." 1950. city's crime statistics: 1500 persons shot last permissiveness syndrome since year, 132 fatally. And you hear yourself reply, "Yes, my friends. Has this American permissiveness been You attend meetings bringing together I have just experienced it myself." progressive? Perhaps the answer to this white and Negro. The latter now call them­ You are struck by the hyperbole which must depend on how one views progress, selves blacks and there is healthy candor in infuses our speech-full of nihilism, reeking but I cannot help but feel that somehow that word, as there is assertive candor in of destruction and threatening always escala­ their comment. It is all very new. White com­ tion into the real thing. The vice chairman it is not progress to demand reparations of the National Conference on Black Power, from the church, or blink at the wide­ placency and Negro reticence have disap­ in a letter to the editor of the "racist" Wash­ spread use of drugs such as at the recent peared. ington Post, rhapsodizes about the burning It is easier, you discover, to define the mass jam session at Bethel, or break new Negro mood than that of the white. ghettos and visualizes "the flames licking criminal laws indiscriminately in the so­ "Telling it llke it is" often means "telling it the side of the Washington Post building" called cause of student expression on not quite like it is" as internalized anger at when the fires burn next time. There is Ginsburg's "humane anarchy" and campus by blocking streets or throwing long last can be expressed freely, and some­ the celebration of "creative destruction" as out deans or what have you. The list can times acted out. war protesters burn draft records on the go on and on to say nothing of outright You listen to a Negro sociologist assert that south side of Chicago. Ghetto spokesmen con­ license in print and photograph called there has been no progress but a dangerous demn social repression as "educational, in­ freedom of speech but actually licentious retrogression in recent years. You are told by stitutional and psychological genocide." And material unbridled. a Negro minister speaking from one of Wash­ a Panther tells Methodist Sunday morning ington's mo.st eminent pulpits that in Amer­ worshipers in New York that "you can wait-in What puzzles me-if this sort of thing ica "the fabric of justice is woven on the is felt to be progress-is the answer to or sing-in all you want but ... you put a loom of hypocrisy." A brllllant young Negro .38 on your hip and you get respect." the further question of where it all leads congressman thinks aloud some unthinkable Verbal extravagance seems self-fulfilllng. to? Where are we heading as a society, thoughts about the option of political sepa­ University buildings are seized and academic as a people, if the coming generation is ration for American blacks. And you wonder men are mauled in what is euphemistically to simply throw a way the rule book and if you haven't been bamboozled for four long called "confrontation politics"-probably the dance along the road of life as a little years by all those D'.S. Information Agency only understatements in our contemporary statistics about Negro advancement. lexicon. Students emerge from Willard brown leaf in the wind? So you double-check and discover that the It seems to me that the.· basic princi­ Straight Hall carrying a small arsenal. On advancement was real all right, but, like they campuses in North Carolina and Missouri, ples of honor, integrity, restraint, pru­ say, it's become a part of the problem, not of there is actual sniping. In a California police dence, thrift, respect, hope, faith, char­ the solution-or, more accurately, it becomes action against student radicals, a bystander ity, and courage, upon which this Nation a part of the problem before it becomes a part is killed. And a law officer explains with pe­ rose to its present position of material of the solution. culiar irrelevance that "we used buck shot wealth are still the best base upon which So you conclude that there has been strik­ because we ran out of bird shot." to forge the character of those who will ing advance and tha.t there remains striking inequities. And the inequities seem the more MOMENT OF TRUTH? lead us in tomorrow's world. It is diffi­ unjust because the advance proves that the So your thoughts run to the coming back­ cult to see much of this in the America situation is not immutable. Change excites lash. The most poignant warning came the viewed by the Ambassador on his return, expectations faster than they can be ful­ other day from a black judge in Brooklyn or for that matter, in the America as it filled. who remonstrated with 35 white students exists at this hour. It is there, neverthe­ Paradoxically, we are at that point where after they had been sentenced to five days less, if one looks far enough below the the amelioration of the problem makes it in jail for trespass of a college registrar's surface and into the American home; worse. Prestigious universities recruit ghetto office: yet, if there be any cause of urgent mean­ students, federal funds promote local com­ "I don't know who appointed you to de­ ingfulness in terms of the ultimate na­ munity action and the numbers of smart, fend the cause of the Negro,'' he told them. highly vocal activists expand. With that "What you are doing 1s helping racism. You tional will, it is to restore these basic comes new self-confidence, pride, a "renais­ know this country is in a worse spot today principles to the lives and times of those sance of the psyohe,'' someone has called it. than it was a year ago-because you have who so loudly proclaim that there is a And long suppressed feelings can now be polarized the whole situation." generation gap incapable of transition. expressed-in words and in action. But one ought not load too much blame I commend Ambassador Good's article You spend an evening with a black doctor on the students as the law and order theme to all reading the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD: and his wife. She talks frankly of her vicari- becomes the lelt motif in one city after an- 24950 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 9, 1969 other. And you wonder how America will our awareness in recent years of our relative are meaningless. It ls rather that they be­ respond as black majorities in our inner cities powerlessness that vexes us. This ls a paradox, come symbols, fixing blame or exciting ex­ get on with the task of organizing them­ for we have been told . (rightly) that no pectations rather than demanding analysis. selves politically, as slum dwelling minor­ nation in history has mobilize-d power equal Take Vietnam, for example. The war has ities always have in the past, and begin to ours, and it was after all not many years become a source of unrest so deep in our pushing their demaA11ds with added political ago that on every occasion such as this one national life that we are probably expecting muscle-and whether this will not be the we were te111ng ourselves how important it too much from ultimate disengagement. We moment of truth when the success or fail­ was to exercise our great power with re­ have told ourselves over an over again that it ure of the American experiment in non­ strained responsibility and warning of "the has distorted our priorities, played havoc racial democracy will be decided. illusion of American omnipotence." with our image abroad, radiC'alized our stu­ The reasons for our domestic disorienta­ We are now no less powerful, but our dents, enflamed black militants and given tion need not detain us. I find that even the power seems less relevant. It is not just rise to feelings of national guilt in sensitive most cursory reading is filled with answers. Vietnam, where the adversary's w1llingness sectors of our population. More central to our concern is to measure to die exceeds our capacity to kill despite the All these things are in a measure true. The the impact of our domestic problems on our most awesome deployment of power. Almost domestic consequences have overwhelmed national will, on our capacity to act and nowhere do we seem to be able to translate the foreign-and we must withdraw. But the on our priorities. power, whether physical or moral, into in­ method and the terms of our disengagement As a nation, we are in danger of being fluence, or to link our power to the engines of from Vietnam will also deeply affect both our gripped by a kind of spiritual crisis. No other change in predictable and compatible ways. policy problems and our national life. This word can describe it adequately because it It must come to the American people as ls why we should be patient while this ad­ arises from doubts about values and premises something of a psychological kick in the ministration attempts an honorable com­ around which we have ordered our civic life teeth that eight years after the inception of promise. and defined our national destiny. the Alliance for Progress, the President's A FURTHER TRAUMA A small minority of radicalized students special emissary is virtually barred from The danger remains very real, however, promote an unprogramed revolution. It is entering three Latin countries and 21 Latin that options now being sought by our govern­ total protest and its net impact is destruc­ governments tell us there is a "deep crisis" in ment will not be made available by Hanoi. tive. Militant blacks, working out the in­ hemispheric relations and a "growing and In that case, we shall finally have to choose sufferable depredations and frustrations of harmful resentment" against U.S. policies between continued engagement at levels that past generations, seek a renewal of their throughout the region. imposes a great and probably intolerable community and a larger share of American In the Middle East, the combined efforts strain at home or virtual abandonment of affluence, leaving neither time to examine or of the great powers seem unavailing and South Vietnam under conditions that will inclination to serve the larger national pur­ peace remains as fragile as ever. (It has ta.x the credibility of our steadfastness in pose. been observed that in the last decade there many parts of the world and create a. back­ Young people in general seem to perceive have been in fact only two great powers, wash of uneasiness here at home. America very differently from their elders. Israel and North Vietnam, both of which We are familiar with the national trauma The mood is not one of pride and patriotism, have been more influential in directing the of prosecuting this ambiguous war. We but criticism, even condemnation. For the course of international affairs than either should not underestimate the national trau­ moment, antipatriotism ls one of the sym­ the United States or the Soviet Union.) ma which will follow hard on the rea.liZ'a.tion bols of this alienation-students marching Hannah Arendt speaks of the pervasive that we have "lost" that war, particularly to the chant: "Ho, Ho, Ho Chi Minh; only impotence of power. "I feel like we're living if our withdrawal ls shortly followed by Viet­ the NLF can win." in a fairy tale," she says. "The country seems cong ascendancy in the South and a blood to have fallen under a spell and nothing THE AMERICAN DREAM bath as the new regime is consolidated. These seems to work any more . . . I believe all developments might only serve to deepen the These particular disaffections are serious the large West European governments suf­ spiritual crisis I have allude-d to, further dis­ enough. But I wonder if the core of the prob­ fer the same power loss. It ls very charac­ torting our national life and crippling our lem will not emerge among the mass of teristic of our time that only small gov­ national wm, with quite unpredictable effects middle-aged, middle-class Americans for ernments stm can rely on the support of on policy. whom the times seem so badly disjointed. their citizens and still can solve problems Even under the best of circumstances, the There ls a palpable lack of certainty about because their problems are still manageable." resolution of the Vietnam conflict wlll not self and society. The questions and doubts MUTUAL TOLERANCE be a cure-all. We will still face tough deci­ are slowly taking shape. sions in allocating essentially scarce re­ What has happened to the American All of these revelations ought to do us some good, since unrealistic expectations sources. Perhaps the toughest of these deci­ dream? We knew things weren't perfect, but sions will be what weight to give to domestic according to our doctrine, they were getting about the world we are dealing with and, even more, about ourselves are unsteady as against foreign programs. better. The democratic process mdght falter The administration has now ma.de clear or throw up the occasional rascal. But the foundations for policy. Also, ou,r domestic problems should make us somewhat more that even following the end of the Vietnam process was self-correcting and, like the idea war, our savings will not be very substantial of God in a theistic age, a premise beyond tolerant of the stresses and strains in other societies. if we maintain force levels consistent with question. America might make a mistake now the full range of our present military com­ and then, but its essential disposition was For it is now evident that here at home mitments. My own view is that military right and progress in the longer run assured. we are dealing with our own "revolution commitments (which is to say military We might momentarily be overwhelmed by of rising expectations,'' with the instabilities spending) must be selectively reduced in forces beyond our control, but the individual created by the "development process" and the dislocations consequent on a massive favor of vitally needed domestic programs. by his own effort could master his fate if he This ts not an isolationist option. It does trie-d hard enough. migration from rural areas to our cities, not not represent withdrawal, which, I suspect, Well, the trauma and the accompanying to mention our hangovers from an essen­ given the character of our involvement in the spiritual crisis arise because all of these as­ tially colonial psychology. In short, it should world, is virtually impossible anyway. Rather sumptions are at least open to question if be apparent to us that the line between de­ it signifies that domestic and foreign policies not subject to serious doubt. What Paul veloped and developing, between stable and have become, perhaps more than ever before, Valery has said of the French, we have tended unstable societies is not all that distinct. an integral part of one another. to think was true of us, too: "Our special Incidentally, these realizations should Our leaders cannot pursue coherent poli­ quality ls to believe and feel that we are uni­ work the other way, too. Heady expectations cies and take significant initiatives a.broad versal." Now we are not so sure. We sense about the United States on the part of many without a. larger measure o! social stab1lity, we may be more or less out of control. Will, emerging societies are probably being adul­ consensus and, above all, collective self-con­ purpose, the capacity to act are in some terated. That too ls basically healthy. fidence than would seem likely to obtain in degree crippled by doubt, apprehension, It is by no means sure, however, that we America. if present trends depends in pa.rt guilt and even fear. will absorb these lessons, proceeding there­ on our giving evidence at home of a people Nothing perhaps epitomizes this condition after from new levels of wisdom. For dis­ resolutely meeting the challenges of change so vividly as the new administration with its illusionment creates a receptivity for new in developing a. viable and humane commu­ cautious probings, its endless studies, trying illusions, and as a. people we a.re not beyond nity. to determine how far it can go in this direc­ the danger of replacing one oversimplifica­ I say all this not unmindful of our con­ tion or in that, balancing conflicting priori­ tion for another. In fact, in our present mood tinuing and unpredictable confrontation ties, building backfires against possible over­ of self-doubt and perplexity, stereotyped with the Soviet Union, and the uncertainties reactions here and there-doing everything, answers to complex issues a.re a.gain elbow­ that surround Chinese intentions in Asia; in short, but taking the lead. The sense of ing their way to the forefront of national nor am I suddenly oblivious of the impor­ unease deepens when one wonders whether debate. tance of maintaining and increasing our at the moment, given the national mood, it They present themselves in now familiar commitment to economic aid for the develop­ can be otherwl.se. evocative phrases: "milltary-industrial com­ ing countries. I do not question the continu­ Om- confusion and disorientation arise plex," "policeman to the world," "contain­ ance of strategic parity, even as we seek nego­ from what 1s going on abroad as well as at ment in passe," "overcommitment" and "get tiated control mechanisms with the Soviet home. More than anything else, I think it is out of Vietnam." It is not that these words Union. It is the sine qua non of whatever September 9, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24951 stability remains in the international sys­ from 1968 which found 49 per cent of its In this regard, I would like to call your tem. Negro respondents willing to give active sup­ ~ttention to an editorial which appeared But at lesser levels, the experience of the port to the successor of Martin Luther King, m the St. Louis Globe-Democrat on last deca.de would indicate that neither side as opposed to 1 per cent to Ron Karenga, 2 July 30, 1969, which presents a factual is easily able to gain decisive advantage in per cent to Rap Brown and 4 per cent to point of view that must be considered in exploiting the instability of the in-between Stokely Carmichael. Mohammed All tells a world. Once a.gain, this does not argue for television interviewer: "For black people to reaching an informed attitude on this American withdrawal. But it does suggest start shooting in their fight against American important subject. I would like to insert that our commitments (and corresponding society would be as silly as for you to get up a copy of this editorial in the RECORD at force levels) can selectively be pared back and start hitting me." this time and urge all the Members of with tolerable risks once they are analyzed Bra.dley loses in Los Angeles; that is bad. this body and our colleagues in the other rigorously in terms of interest rather than But 47 per cent of the population votes for a body to evaluate objectively and dis­ premised on some universalist doctrine of black candidate in a city where only 18 per passionately the logic and thoughts of maintaining maximum stability every­ cent of the community is Negro; that is good. the editorial. The editors of the Globe­ where--which is hardly a tenable objective In fact it is almost unprecedented. And in the in any event in an inherently unstable, even New Yorker, you read Charles Evers' speech Democrat have rendered an outstanding revolutionary, world. after being elected mayor of Fayette, Miss.: public service by publishing this "All of us have won a victory in Mississippi. thoughtful and timely editorial com­ A FEW FRESHETS All the poor blacks, and all the concerned. ment. I mus~ not leave this unwieldy subject sea.red whites. I'm not going to belittle the The editorial follows: without one or two concluding observations whites, because they need help, just as we OIL DEPLETION CONTROVERSY to set straight my own mood. I find myself need help." worried but not unto distraction. The shape So the returns are not all in, not yet. This The House Ways and Means Committee of the crisis I have alluded to is there for all much at lea.st can be said. We are talking dedicated to mapping out a. tough tax re~ to see. But the evidence, while presently about our problems. Before returning home, form bill, has moved a.gs.inst the 27% per­ trending badly, is not all negative. The op­ I had heard that there was in this country a cent oil depletion allowance for income taxes. erative adjective is "restless," not "rigid." perilous communications gap. But never be­ The committee has decided to recommend Here and there into the turgid main­ fore have I been exposed to such a flood-tide slashing this allowance to 20 percent. stream of our life you find a freshet forcing of communications as have swept over me Something of a public clamor has been its way, reveailng a capacity for experimenta­ since our return. drummed up against the oil depletion exemp­ tion a.nd newness-whether individual varia­ It is true that much of what is said is not tion--designed to help oil companies develop tions in men's sideburns (it must be ac­ being heard. The decibel level is too high, new wells. It has been a provision in the law cepted as a forward step that the graying or the message t09 strident, or we are simply for at lea.st four decades. sideburn is replacing the gray flannel suit in not turned on. But talking we are. With This is a complex issue. Many feel the business circles) or some remarkably unin­ extra.ordinary frankness. I read that Deputy allowance is simply a loophole favoritism, hibited forms, for example in church wor­ Attorney General Kleindienst has even urged giving huge oil corporations special tax con­ ship. You visit an Episcopal church in Wash­ police to invite militants to lecture at police sideration. ington where the mass is a true celebration academies! There is a tub-thumping drive to persuade of life, complete with drums, instrumental­ No other society exposes itself to analysis, the public they a.re getting gigged by big­ ists and sometimes impromptu dancing; criticism and debate with the abandon prac­ power interests. above a.re psychedelic banners declaring, ticed here. That is why we cannot yet take The assault on the depletion allowance, "Let the Risen Lord Turn You On," or seriously the glib comparison between mod­ however, could prove a. danger to national "Love is a Damned Good Thing." ern America a.nd ancient Rome, by those who security and the United States economy. You learn that the counterpoint to your talk of a. "decline and fall" syndrome. The oil companies have offered a. plausible hangups is "doing your thing." It is often case for retaining the allowance. Unless a done with worrisome abandon, calculated to better case can be ma.de by opponents, it shock, a.nd to dramatize and ridicule con­ seems to us the 27% percent depletion credit temporary nonsense. But there is buried un­ OIL DEPLETION CONTROVERSY should be continued. derneath the ridiculousness a.nd the strident Whether imperative development of essen­ protest a thrust for self-expression which, tial oil reserves could result without the full harnessed, can be turned to enormously crea­ HON. 0. C. FISHER depletion program is very doubtful. tive account--or, unbridled, can do a good In conjunction with existing import OF TEXAS deal of harm. quotas, to bar chea.p foreign oil from our You read the polls on student attitudes IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES markets in heavy quantity, the depletion and wonder if these don't reveal more tha.n Tuesday, September 9, 1969 can a.id the oil industry to keep the United the bizarre happenings that dominated our States relatively self-sufficient in basic fuel evening television fare all spring. Eighty-four Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, during the supply. per cent of college kids place themselves in course of the recent debate on the tax Petroleum and gas now supply 75 percent the middle ground categories of moderately reform bill in the House, many of the of America's required energy. Studies indi­ conservative (19 per cent), middle-of-the­ Members enthusiastically applauded the cate that by 1980 the industry will have to road (24 per cent) and moderately liberal find virtually as much oil as has been pro­ (41 per cent). action of the Ways and Means Commit­ tee in cutting the rate of the oil and gas duced since the first well was drilled in 1859. Still more important, the surveys find this This means a drastic need for developing college generation self-motivated, deeply percentage depletion allowance. I believe new resources in buried oil. sensitive to injustice, service-oriented and their endorsement of the provisions of The United States Geological Survey has (needless to say) anticonformist. There is an H.R. 13270 that adversely affected Amer­ estimated there is still plenty of oil to be enormous potential for constructive change ica's natural resource industry was un­ discovered in the United States. But explora­ in a.11 of this; it is, in truth, a little discon­ wise. certing that students should profess such tory drilling has declined sharply because of splendid motivations as they go around occu­ Over the past several months, it has a cost-price squeeze. pying buildings, roughing up the deans and been clear to me that the critics of per­ The nation's security, its very operation, defiling the established generation. centage depletion have not been willing depends on oil. Our self sufficiency in petro­ to consider the factual considerations leum-certainly as far as possible--should THE CHANGING SUBURBS that fully justify the retention of the not be imperiled through dependence on Residential trends in and around Northern present tax incentives designed to en­ Arab or other foreign oil, which could be cities remain ominous. Yet an expert in suddenly cut off. It was, in 1967, when the Washington tells you that the outflow of courage the search for oil and gas. Many Middle East crisis stopped the flow of Arabian whites to the suburbs has in the past year, things that an individual does in this oil to the United States. and for the first time, almost been equaled by life are greatly influenced by the emo­ This is a basic reason for the depletion the outflow of blacks. Residential integration tions of the times, but my concern in allowance, plus the fact that ail reserves is still essentially a fleeting tra.tisitiona.l phase this particular case is that the emotional are part of the industry's capital assets. Why as city neighborhoods move from white to appeal of eliminating a symbol may should oil be heavily taxed on its capi111al, black occupancy. blind us to reality with the result that without some means of restoring that capital Then you go to the graduation ceremonies hasty action may produce irreparable through new exploration. Other industry and of the local junior high school. The integrated business are not assessed income taxes on glee club (not as many whites as before, harm. In my judgment, the action taken capital. but stm some) sings, "We Shall Overcome." with regard to percentage depletion, if The idea that the oil Industry ts a profit It sounds as if they mean it. allowed to stand, could and would have mammoth, sucking special privilege through Attitudes on both sides of the color line re­ a serious effect on the economic strength tax laws, is 1n our opinion a bugaboo. Cer­ main more malleable than perhaps we realize. and military security of this great Na- tainly there must be profits or the industry You come across a CBS public opinion poll tion. would erode and fail. 24952 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 9, 1969 The 21 large companies, according to a LOWERING THE VOTING AGE recent survey by Price Waterhouse and Co., some common identifiable major con­ paid a direct tax b111 of $9.5 billion in 1967. cerns of young people. These related to This equalled 64.2 percent of these corpora­ our society and its priorities to world tions' net profits before income taxes. HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER affairs and to the kind of government The total tax load of the petroleum In­ OF WISCONSIN and people we are. dustry has been put at 5.43 percent of gross IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES This concern is not superficial. The revenues; all other corporations were taxed kind of probing attitude revealed by 4.62 percent of gross revenues. Tuesday, September 9, 1969 young people across this land is based Oil does not appear rolling up vast profits Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. and seeking unfair tax loopholes through on candor and honesty. Thus, they are, the depletion route. Actually return on oil's Speaker, in the course of the history I believe, more attuned to and knowl­ net assets was a bit less than on manufac­ of our country, we have amended our edgeable about the political issues which turing companies generally. Constitution four times to enlarge or face us as a people. High living standards in the United States protect the exercise of the voting fran­ This argument is compelling insofar mean we consume the most energy of any chise. On each of these historic occa­ as lowering the voting age is concerned. other country, and correspondingly need sions, great issues confronted the Re­ There are some who will argue that those more reserves. Otherwise the future will find public. The issues involved questions of between 21 and 29 who now enjoy the us power-crippled. It should also be re­ sex, race, and equality of representation. right to vote, vote in lesser numbers than membered the depletion provision applies to some 100 other mineral products, imperative Our decisions in those moments of stress any other age group. This is, of course, to the economy. and change have been wise, serving to true but one of the problems, I believe, Not for benefit of the oil industry, but in strengthen our political process, our is that we do not tap the knowledge the necessity for national security, a prosper­ form of government and our people. that exists in those between 18 and 21 ing economy and self-sufficiency in a. criti­ Today we again confront such an is­ immediately upon their graduation from cally essential product. It seems the 27~ per­ sue. That issue is whether full participa­ high school when their interest is at a cent depletion allowance should be retained tion in the Nation's political affairs peak. by Congress. should be extended to those under 21 The 3 years which I had at one time years of age. While four States have felt was needed for maturation today moved to grant the franchise to those apparently serves as a ti.me when people under 21, the balance of the States have so seriously question the world about CHARLES "CHUCK" JOELSON not up to this point made such a change. them that as they reach 21 they are no But I think it is clear that more and longer sure they want to be involved. HON. SAMUEL N. FRIEDEL more attention is being given to this is­ The tremendous enthusiasm, drive, in­ sue. In Wisconsin, the State assembly terest, and concern our young people are OF MARYLAND had passed a constitutional amendment exhibiting today is in danger of being IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES which would lower the voting age to 18. directed against so many of the institu­ Thursday, September 4, 1969 During my 6 years in the Wisconsin tions that have served the country well Legislature, I opposed lowering the vot­ in periods of past stress. The honest, Mr. FRIEDEL. Mr. Speaker, it gives ing age. I did so for many of the reasons forthright student of today's politics is me a great deal of personal pleasure to which are stated today by those who op­ increasingly faced with frustration when join with my colleagues and the many pose this proposition. I will not take he is denied access to the process of af­ friends of CHARLES S. "CHUCK" JOELSON in the time, Mr. Speaker, at this point to fecting the world around him. The genu­ wishing him all the best upon assuming detail either my reasons for opposition ine dedication of many of today's young his new duties as a judge on the Superior in the past or all of my reasons for hav­ people to solving our Nation's problems Court of New Jersey. ing decided that it was appropriate to deserves full recognition. We cannot turn Before being elected to the 87th Con­ extend the voting franchise to those 18 a deaf ear to their suggestions, deny them gress, "CHUCK" already had a distin­ and over. their place in the political process, force guished career behind him. He attained There are, it seems to me, some very them into affecting a system from with­ his B.A. in 1937 from Cornell University, basic considerations which need to be out with ineffective means. and in his junior year was elected to considered by the House as we pursue The age of 21 has since days of the membership in Phi Beta Kappa, and re­ this matter. There are two primary Magna Carta in England been considered ceived his LL.B. in 1939. He began his considerations as one examines the ques­ the time at which a person became ma­ practice in law in his hometown of tion of who should or should not vote. ture and responsible. I question today Paterson, N.J. In 1942 he enlisted in the One is the need for awareness of the whether that is, in f aot, still valid. From Navy and served with distinction in the issues facing this Nation and the world. my experiences on the college campus Far Eastern Branch of the Division of The other is a matter of judgment in and in high school assemblies across the Naval Intelligence. Upon his release from terms of how one goes about making a Sixth District of Wisconsin I find young the Navy and return to civilian life, he decision before casting a vote. It is my people today older, more mature, more became counsel to the city of Paterson, considered opinion, Mr. Speaker, that capable of asking perceptive questions then deputy attorney general, and in there never has been a generation better and fully capable of exercising sound po­ turn acting prosecutor of Pass~ic County. informed than the current young gen­ litical judgment. For 2 years he was director of criminal eration. Our exceptional educational Judgment is not something that is investigation for the entire State of system coupled with rapid developments reached magically at 21. There are those New Jersey, until his election to the Con­ in communications have produced a over 21 who lack judgment and yet we gress in 1960. competitive atmosphere and a body of extend to them the franchise without He served first as a member of the information that combined has educated qualification. I believe the vast majority House Committee on Education and La­ today's students far more than ever be­ of those under 21 to whom House Joint bor, and subsequently on the House Com­ fore. The interest of students today is Resolution 865 would apply for Federal mittee on Appropriations. In his duties as increasingly directed into public affairs elections are capable of the kind of judg­ a legislator, he showed fair and impartial by means both of courses taught in high ment which is needed to cast an intelli­ treatment in his approach to legislation school and of the opportunity to view gent vote. before his committee and the House. the world being shaped through the me­ To the extent that our political Mr. Speaker, now that "CHUCK" is re­ dia. The young men and women in this processes ca.. l ;oster trust, participation, turning to his chosen profession, the field country today are not only better in­ and involvement, I believe the danger of law, I am sure that he will bring to the formed but their opportunity to view a of violent confrontP-.tion can be reduced. superior court the same sense of fair­ wider range of topics is greater. Our To the extent that this Nation can foster ness and impartial justice that he used as society has produced a consciousness an enchancement of quality and excel­ a Member of the House of Representa­ .and an incisive questioning of issues lence throughout its political system, I tives, and extend heartiest congratula­ that are to me, astounding. Those of us believe creative leadership can be de­ tions to him for a most rewarding career who were a part of the campus task veloped. on the bench. force group found across the country As in the past we have the opportunity September 9, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24953 to extend the voting franchise to those the idea of a Southern solution in Vietnam. man, and have it a consultative group, bring Is this just a polite way of saying that in in everybody. Now, it couldn't be just a front; who ought to be a part of our political the end we're going to have to settle for a lit would have to be consulted. Thieu would system. As an increasing number of coalition which includes both Saigon ele­ have to give up some of his arbitrary posi­ young people pay taxes, raise families, ments and the National Liberation Front? tions; he would have to really consult these work hard for their community, State, HARRIMAN. I don't know what's going to people as to the kind of settlement they and Nation, then they too must be come out of it. I'd always hoped we could wanted to have. recognized as full citizens. We have get the people from Saigon together with We've been trying to persuade Thieu to acted wisely in the past in recognizing the N .L.F. and put them in a room and broaden the base, but we've never really put lock the doors and throw away the key until heat on him, and I think that is something ideas whose times have come. Today we they came out with a decision. . that ought to be done; I say put the hea.t have such an opportunity once again. we had arranged--or at least we thought on him and make him understand that this It is for that reason that I have joined we had, Cy Vance and I-that we would is essential for our support. I think he'd do with my colleague, the gentleman from have private talks, the four of us together, it then. lliinois (Mr. RAILSBACK) , in cosponsoring right after the first open meeting. I'm afraid that I would disagree with what the resolution which would extend the This wast last November in Paris? the Embassy people think ls enough. Some right to vote to those 18 and over in HARRIMAN. Yes, after the end of the bomb- people think it's enough that he reshuffle the 1.Illg and after we had agreed on the proce­ Cabinet and bring in two or three people who Federal elections. dures for four-party talks with the South belong to certain different groups. I thi.nk Vietnamese Government represented. In fact, he's got to bring them all into something it was so clear that we would have four-party like this council of notables, all the non­ private talks that the North Vietnamese Communist groups. W. AVERELL HARRIMAN asked 1! it would be possible for us to con­ There'd be some very vigorous differences -) tinue sometimes to have bilateral talks. I of opinion between these groups, of course. said: "Well, of course it would be, because we But if Thieu cannot dominate the non-Com­ HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM must have many subjects of mutual in­ munist groups, there's not much hope--is OF NEW YORK terest." there?-for his surviving as a leader in his It hasn't worked out that way; both sides country, because the other side has no use IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES have been rather cautious about being un­ for him. Thieu has been a very shrewd Tuesday, September 9, 1969 willing to talk to each other, and it shows operator, but he hasn't got the appeal that a that each side is a bit afraid of the other. But fellow like Big Minh has. Mr. BINGHAM: Mr. Speaker, during one of the things that's absolutely essential Do you th.ink that broadening the base of the recess the New York Times magazine ts that the Saigon Government must broaden the Saigon Government would break the carried the text of a remarkable inter­ its base. It's not a very good negotiating present stalemate in the Paris talks, or do view with that great American states­ team for the future of the South Vietnamese you think other steps are necessary? man, Ambassador W. Averell Harriman, people when it represents such a narrow HARRIMAN. I don't th.ink that we'll ever on thG Vietnam war, the Paris talks, and come to serious negotiations until we're gr~~t mean it should include many other ready to accept the status quo, militarily the road we should follow to move to­ elements, even progressives like the leftist and politically. The other side made it quite ward peace. I include herewith the ar­ Buddhists? plain to us that they'd continue fighting as ticle as it appeared in the August 24 is­ HARRIMAN. Yes. There are a number of dif­ long as we continued fighting. This seems sue of the Times magazine and com­ ferent groups. I'm quite convinced that by rather natural to me. If you're going to try mend it to my colleagues and other far the majority of the people don't want to to make a settlement you've got to accept the be taken over by the Vietcong or Hanoi; they status quo. readers of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD: want to be independent. The trouble ls ~E PARIS TALKS STARTED 471 DAYS AGO: I think that we ought to abandon our ef­ they're split a dozen different ways, and no forts to expand the pacification program into HARRIMAN SUGGESTS A WAY OUT OF VIET- one has been able to bring them together. new areas. That's an attempt by the Saigon NAM President Diem was not able to do so. That (By Hedrick Smith) Government, with our support, to imprqve was the reason for his fall. And he got too their position, to get control of more villages The lanky profile of W. Averell Harriman arbitrary, put too many people in jail. And which were rather doubtful or were under has been a familiar sight in the highest this Government is putting a lot of people in V.C. control. As I recall it, in December, half councils of the nation since the days of the jail. I was rather startled when I heard Presi­ of our combat forces were engaged in that New Deal. Under .four Democratic Presidents dent Thieu, coming back from meeting Presi­ operation. So it was a quite important he has become a superdiplomat, a man who dent Nixon at Midway, announce that he was activity. has dealt with Trotsky, Stalin, Khrushchev going to punish severely anyone who sug­ But the principal object would be for our and Kosygin. His latest mission took him to gested a coalition government. forces to go into more defensive positions, to Paris last year a.s the Johnson Administra­ Well, our position has been that we're not be available if the other side attacked, but tion's chief negotiator in the Vietnam peace opposed to a coalition government. You re­ not to try, at the last minute, either to "win talks. member I said in Paris a number of times the war" militarily or to pacify the people. Even at 77 and in retirement, the former that we would not impose it. We were not You know, there's great hope in the Em­ New York Governor has been lobbying pub­ against it, but we would not impose it. We bassy in Saigon that in a few more months licly and privately at the White House and were against a government's being imposed they can do a good deal in pacification. I with members of Congress and the press either by Hanoi or by Washington. have grave doubts about the permanent corps for faster and more flexible American How do you distinguish between broaden­ value of this procedure. initiatives to end the war. ing the base of the Thieu Government and What's more important ls to consolidate I reported on Harriman in action last year what Hanoi and the N.L.F. call forming a our position in the areas clearly controlled in Paris and recently talked with him about "peace cabinet"? Are you suggesting we have by the Government, and that means getting his ideas on Vietnam and dealing with the to dispense with the Thieu regime? more of the people back of the Government Russians. In this interview Harriman is care­ HARRIMAN. No, I'm not. We've been urging in the manner that I described. That has to ful not to give away official secrets, but he Thieu to broaden the base, and he did to be done or the future elections will be quite does make some interesting disclosures-for some extent when he brought in Tran Van unfortunate. example, that he and his deputy in Paris, Huong last year as Premier, and then others, You seem to imply that recognizing the Cyrus R. Vance, arranged for secret four­ but he didn't really bring together a coalition political realities means recognizing that the party talks but the agreement fell through, of all the anti-Vietcong forces. There are other side is going to have a share of the and that the Americans won Hanoi's ap­ different groups, different sects, religious political power in the South as part of any proval for a roundtable only to have Saigon groups. There are two techniques, and both settlement. Otherwise, they won't have any object. And he suggests ways of breaking should be used. One ls to bring in ministers interest to stop fighting. the negotiating deadlock and scaling down that are representative of different groups, HARRIMAN. That's right. How it can be the combat. get a coalition that way. Another, possibly achieved is very hard. There are certain Harriman's comments reveal his grave better technique, is to have what they once countries that have survived with an active, doubt that the South Vietnamese President, had, which is a council of notables. They vigorous Communist party. In France and Nguyen Van Thieu, can survive a settlement could get some fellow who had great popular Italy, for instance, you have strong Com­ unless many more non-Communist elements appeal-Big Minh,1 for instance--to be chair- munist parties in opposition to the Govern­ are drawn into the regime, and his view of ment. In Finland, the Communist party is a likely settlement of the war: a share of 1 Maj. Gen. Duong Van Minh, a leader of participating in the Government. There a.re political power for the National Liberation the 1963 coup that overthrew the regime of others th:at were not successful in withstand­ Front, a gradual rP.unlftcation of North and President Ngo Dinh Diem. Minh was in exile ing this. In the Western European countries, South and long-term U.S. aid for Hanoi. in Thailand until la.st fall and since then has a number of them had Communist part1cipa.­ Governor, you've talked many times abOU-t been living quietly in Saigon. tion in government for a short peri<>d but 24954 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 9, 1969 the non-Communist forces were strong a.re terrorist acts in the villages. If they HARRIMAN. I would say it's a step in the enough to throw them out. did that sort of thing, we'd know about it. right direction, but I don't think it's enough Let's look at the military side for a mo­ Did you object last fall to our maintaining so far because I still see the B-52 raids. May­ ment. We've had 16 months in Paris now, and unceasing pressure on the enemy-building be there are discussions going on in Parts we't,e had a battlefield lull this summer, as up the pressure in III Corps, for instance, that I don't know about. But we have to be we had last summer and at other periods. Do when the action fell off in I Corps? very precise about what we're going to do you thtnk that the first order of business now HARRIMAN. No. Well, we in Parts were for and demand what we expect them to do in sh-OuZLaos. There was to Paris. We thought any moment we would fortunately, fighting has recently increased. little or no fighting, and that had been one start the discussions, so we were going to Then you are advocating that we move of the most active battlegrounds. But Gen­ try to come forward with specific proposals toward a kind of a territorial accommoda­ eral Abra.ms, our commander, was able to on the mutual reduction of violence. But tion, where they have areas that we really take advantage of their pullback to move the tha,t; never came about because we had this don'~ go into much, and we have large sanc­ First Cavalry Division out of that area, the ridiculous performance of Saigon objecting tuaries that they don't h i t so forcefully? I Corps, and into the m corps area to in­ to the shape of the table. I kept telling HARRIMAN. Well, all I can say is that our crease our pressure on the enemy there. these Saigon representatives it didn't make program in January was to do w.ha.t Secretary Did you feel that Hanoi was ready to pro­ of Defense Clark Clifford said publicly: "Our ceed with some kind of formal disengage­ the slightest difference what the shape of the table was. We had suggested a round first objective should be the reduction of the ment? level of combat," were the words he used. HARRIMAN. We weren't sure what we could table in October, and the other side had accepted it. The fa.ct the other side accepted We can't have it both ways--expect the do. Our trouble was that we never could talk enemy to end their attacks while we keep up about military settlements with the North it made the Saigon people opposed to it. The round table historically has been a a "little" offensive action, "some" B-52 raids Vietnamese alone because they maintained and "somewhat fewer" offensive sweeps. that they weren't fighting; it was the N.L.P. method of ending all dispute as to who has seniority; no one knows where the head of There was a plan to a.void contact. In other or the V.C. that was fighting. They wanted words, have our probes to avoid contact to talk to us about a political settlement and a. round table is. I remember your suggesting-and Secre­ rather than to get contact. Now Cy Va.nee, we wouldn't talk about a political settlement my partner in Paris, has joined the group without the Saigon Government represented. tary of Defense Clifford's suggesting-dur­ ing this period that if Saigon dragged its calling for a cease-fire in place. If the Ad­ So we only talked around subjects. But ministration undertook to go that route, I'd their a.ct of disengagement in the North con­ feet we'd just go right ahead and talk with support it. vinced us in Parts that they were ready to the North Vietnamese about this question of military disengagement, de-escalation. The position I've been taking is for a step­ move further in the reduction of the level by-step reduction in violence. There may be of violence, working toward a cease-fire. Why wasn't that tried? HARRIMAN. Well, that was not accepted by a more practical way to get at it, but I do feel Now, you have to have a cease-fire if there that one thing is absolutely vital: that the is to be a. political settlement. We thought the President. I was entirely willing to go a.head. I think if we had the Saigon Govern­ President of the United States take the lead perhaps we could feel our way into a cease­ in ending the fighting, ending the killing. fire by specific actions; in other words, areas ment would have come along pretty rapidly. of disengagement--no fighting in the I Corps But I think that probably our officials in So you take issue with the idea that, in area., for instan.ce--and see how it worked. Saigon felt that it would be too much of a. offering a mixed election commission and an Then we did have a. very importa.nt nego­ blow to the prestige and position of the election open to all, we have gone as far as tiating weapon, the B-52 raids. They were ex­ Saigon Government and would tend to un­ we can go, to use Nixon's words. tremely unhappy about the B-52 raids. They dermine it too much. HARRIMAN. I don't understand what's been never told us how effective they were in terms On this summer now: Do you think the offered. I don't know why they take this of the damage they did, but the effect on the other side has been trying to signal us with position. It never occurred to me that the morale of the V.C., N.L.F., North Vietnamese the latest lull that they're willing once again Communists would enter an election on the was terrific. Suddenly out of the sky would to go into military disengagement? basis of the winner taking all. There has to come the most tremendous explosions, and HARRIMAN. I'm not sufficiently au courant be some prior understanding on other issues. they wanted to get rid of that. with the details. They reduced the fighting, You've got to go through the NL.F.'s points.2 Now, I think in return for stopping the undoubtedly because they ran out of steam. You can't pick just one aspect of settlement. B-52's we might well have COIXl.e to an under­ They have these offensives and they carry You've got to go through each one of those standing that they would stop a great deal them on as long as they can. Then they run 10 points and see how much of it you can of their violence, or all of their violence in out of steam and they wait and re-equip and give in to and how much you won't. The Saigon and the other cities-stop ambush­ replace their losses and start again. The mili­ Saigon Government has its objectives, its ing some of the highways. tary are quite right in saying that. eight points; these have to be molded. This was what we hoped to achieve if the But in almost all the cases in the last I don't think it's a reasonable proposition Saigon Government representation had come year, I think, there was a political intent in to just pick one thing in the election, par­ to Parts and been ready to negotiate. This is connection with it. In fa.ct, they stated it to ticularly as the Government continues to put what we hoped to achieve right away in me once in private talks. They said: "When­ people in Jail. They give no indication so far November, and I think it would have made a ever we attack, you say that this attack is that anybody's going to have any freedom in basis for us to withdraw troops even last not conducive to an atmosphere which fur­ South Vietnam to have a free discussion or year because they had taken troops north. thers the peace negotiations. But when we free campaigning. This is after all, one of the ways to come to stop, Saigon announces we a.re defeated and So you have to have some understandings. an understanding. One way is by specific forced to end the attack." For instance, you would want to be sure that agreement, the other by mutual example. They never said-they never will sa.y-"We And both a.re effective. have stopped for a politioa.l purpose." They 2 The National Liberation Front put for­ Now a cease-fire should be our objective, think that it would be considered by many ward in Paris last May a 10-point proposal but how we can reach it is a matter that people in the United States, both the mm­ that is still the basis of its negotiating posi­ has never been fully worked out. The mili­ tary and other hawks, that they'd been tion. The plan called for the establishment tary have never liked it, you know, because beaten if they were to say, "We've stopped of a provisional coalition government to hold to some extent, what President Nixon said because we wanted to negotiate." national elections, the implementation of the other day is their view: "We cease and The way to freeze this is to take parallel agreements on the withdrawal of U.S. and the other side fires." That's a little bit too action, announce that you're taking parallel allied forces, the achievement of "national facetious on a serious subject. And there is action; we can afford to announce it. That's concord" as the basis for a post-war coali­ a feeling that the conventional armies are one trouble with the present situation. No­ tion government, the "step-by-step" reunifi­ at a disadvantage with the guerrillas be­ body knows whether we really have stopped cation of North and South and the payment cause you can see an army move, whereas offensive action. of war reparations to both North and South the guerrillas can move around in the Jungle Do you take Secretary of Defense Laird's Vietnam by the United States. The 10 points without much difficulty. announcement that we're now following a a.re considered to be more up to date than a On the other hand, there are certain strategy of "protective reaction" as a step in more detailed though generally similar po­ things we can tell, such as whether there the right direction? litical program published on Sept. 1, 1967. September 9, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24955 there would be no reprisals against anyone HARRIMAN. Actually there's a good dea.l of can come to some basic agreement with for their past political actions. If there is to evidence to indicate that the N.L.F. wants to Hanoi, I think they'll be very helpful in be a political settlement, it must provide for have independence for Sou.th Vietnam for smoothing out some of the rough parts of the persona.I safety of people on both sides. a period of years. That is hinted at in the the road. That happened in October and also In addition, there might be an understand­ 10 points and in their program published in January. ing about postponing reunification. My own Sept. 1, 1967. And a number of your re­ They will, I think, add some confidence feeling has been that the N.L.F. has been porter friends have reported that they spoke to Hanoi in its negotiations. Hanoi felt it had rather keen to see South Vietnam independ­ about reunification being a long-delayed an agreement with the French in '46, you ent of the North for some years. They may matter-IO to 15 years. remember, and that petered out, and they want to delay reunification until the South These men are southerners. They don't don't think the '54 agreement worked out is as strong as the North. I would have want to be taken over by the North. My as it was intended to. And I think the Soviet thought they'd agree to postponing any guess is that it would not be too hard to Union can be of a good deal of help to them merger for a period of five to ten years. come to an agreement that a merger with in giving them a sense of confidence and in Another point that could be discussed is the North would be done only after a popu­ urging them to give in on some of the less­ the character of the postwar society. The lar vote in the South, but it would be post­ important details. But they won't take our N.L.F.'s 1967 program included a provision poned for several years. side 1n supporting the Thieu Governmenti that the social-economic struoture would Some people maintain that the other side for instance. seem to be a mixed socialist and capitalist has sensed the tremendous urge in this You mentioned that they had helped be­ society. Peasants would own their own farms. country to wind up the war, and that they're fore. How did this actually work out before Private capital, both domestic and foreign, content to sit tight and just let American the bombing halt and when you were trying would be encouraged in many activities. impatience finally drive us and Saigon to to get four-sided talks started? These are things which might be talked out, accept thefr terms. HARRIMAN. Well, we made certain progress and if you could get an arrangement which HARRIMAN. It's very hard to tell. They had and then we came to some roadblocks. I kept had some lasting qualities about it, then a very good young reseacher. They got the in touch With the Soviet Emba-Ssy in Paris there'd be a chance for it to succeed. Congressional Record. They could quote and the State Department kept 1n touch with Doesn't the mixed election commission that speeches of some of our distinguished mem­ the Embassy here. They wouldn't tell us just Nixon and Thieu have talked about open the bers of the Senate in detail and sometimes what they did or how they did it, but in any rather embarrassingly to me, but how far way to this sort of thing? event, the roadblocks were removed. they believe that represented the main body Now, in January, the procedures were set­ HARRIMAN. It's an important step from of American opinion I don't know. Thieu's standpoint, but it isn't enough. My own feeling about this is that they tled in Paris. A member of the Soviet Em­ What's going to come out of that election? A want to come to a settlement rather than bassy talked it over with Hanoi's representa­ new constitution isn't provided for-the have a military takeover; there's an ad.van­ tives and persuaded them, I think, that they character of the regime, the manner in which tage to them in having the stabillty that had. more to gain by starting negotiations it's to operate. comes from some sort of a settlement. They than they had to lose by this argument over And, of course, I have the very strong feel­ the shape of the table--they were being as had. a lot of difficulties from the political stubborn as Saigon, you know. ing that we have to come to an agreement opposition when they took over the North. with Hanoi ourselves-the United States. It's It wasn't an easy thing, and it would be It's very hard to say Just where they would very vivid in my mind that Hanoi didn't much more difficult to take over the South. be helpful. We found ourselves 1n a parallel abide by the 1962 Laos agreement for a sin­ I think they'd much rather move into a position With the Soviet Union in India and gle diay. So, no matter what is agreed to in situation where there's a political agreement. Pakistan. We supported Mr. Kosygin's initia­ the South, it isn't going to be of any value What has bothered me very much is that tive in bringing the leaders of the two coun­ unless we come to an understanding with very little progress seems to have been made tries together in Tashkent to arrange for a Hanoi which makes it in their interest to since January. And I'm more concerned cease-fire. We are both helping India and keep the agreement. about the United States, really, than I am Pakistan economically. They are helping North Vietnam is fiercely nationalistic. It about North Vietnam. The demand for a them both militarily, and it's quite clear that doesn't want to be dominated by China. It settlement, the demand for the end of the they want to see a subcontinent strong doesn't want to be beholden to Moscow. Now, fighting, may become very real in this coun­ enough, independent enough, to check we have every reason to believe that Moscow try. One hears and talks about student move­ China's advance. wants to see Southeast Asia independent, so ments next October if there's no settlement You think they have the same common in­ we have some basis to start to work out some by then or if the fighting goes on as it is terest with us in Southeast Asia as there? kind of an agreement. This would be of the now. HARRIMAN. They have parallel interests, not most vital importance. I'm very much opposed to a cut-and-run the same, because eventually I think they'd The North Vietnamese are very anxious, strategy, and I'm afraid that if this Admin­ like to see the whole world communized. you know, to get economic and technical as­ istration doesn't make more progress, there But in the meantime an immediate objec­ sistance. Miracle rice is one of the most im­ will be more and more pressure on the Gov­ tive is to see these countries strong enough portant things to them. They've had. a 300,- ernment. to check Chinese expansion. We're not going 000-ton food defici,t which they're getting That can expand, and I would hate to see to come to an agreement, but we will find from China. The don't like that. If they that. I think it's very important to have an ourselves in a parallel position. There's no could get miracle rice and the techniques of orderly settlement of this, and I believe it reason to believe they won't act in Southeast growing it from us, I think they would hope can be done if we stick to our limited ob­ Asia as they a-eted in India. to be Independent of China.. jectives. What sort of things do you think they'll Do you think that this kind of economic I think we could rally public opinion, nuage Hanoi on? Are they really going to enticement is going to be a sufficient safe­ world opinion, to us if the President would push Hanoi to do something it wouldn't do guard? announce that he was for an end to the anyway? HARRIMAN. Well, there's something to their fighting, for taking steps for a cease-fire, HARRIMAN. I think they wlll encourage desire to be independent of China and to and that should be the first order of busi­ them to abandon positions which are very have normal relations with us, the desire ness. I think you'd get a good reaction every­ difficult for us to accept, and they'll give to have technical assistance, to have loans where. The North Vietnamese pay a lot of them a sense of confidence. If they saw us to buy equipment from us and other ways attention to world opinion. withd.raWing and reducing the fighting, I to rebuild and develop their country. These What about the Soviet Union, how much think they'd encourage the other side to are all things that are a basis for coming can it help achieve a settlement? agree to stop the fighting and the violence. to an agreement. HARRIMAN. I want to first say what they If we were doing something and expecting What other kinds of safeguards ought to won't do. I saw Premier Kosygin Just about Hanoi to take parallel action, I t1:1ink they'd be put into an agreement? four years ago and had two long talks with encourage it. HARRIMAN. Of course, we should consider him. He made it very plain that they were Some of President Nixon's advisers have international guarantees and an interna­ going to support Hanoi militarily, both with spoken rather loosely of the idea that you tional police force. They're all very difficult. equipment and with volunteers-any num­ might be able to Zink such issues as Vietnam, The International Control Commission set ber of volunteers they wished. The great the Middle East, Berlin, arms talks-this up in '54 has worked badly. The old proce­ Soviet Union, as leader of the Communist sort of thing-with the Soviet Union. You've dures would not be acceptable; they would movement, had. an obligation to support a been negotiating off and on with the Rus­ have to be improved. But there'd have to be "sister Socialist state." I assume the North sians for 40 years. Do you think that this is real guarantees that would have a reason­ Vietnamese have some kind of an under­ the way they operate? able chance of being effective. standing with China because China has been HARRIMAN: I would say that this a most Isn't there going to be inevitable tension helping them, too. unwise notion. Each situation stands on its after any agreement between the desire of But the Russians are not going to come own feet. The idea that we could ask the the North Vietnamese--and many other to Washington and say, "What kind of a set­ Soviet Union to abandon some of their polit­ Vietnamese, for that matter-to have the tlement do you want?" and then try to ical pooitions in one part of the world in country reunified and our d.esire that it not impose it on Hanoi. They're going to take order to bribe us to come to an agreement be immediately reunified? Hanoi's side in these negotiations. If we With them about nuclear restraint is Just 24956 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 9, 1969 unreal, it isn't so. They have exactly the we are puzzled by what Moscow has in mind AMERICAN LEGION CONFIRMS AB­ sa.me interests in nuclear restraint as we when they speak about collective security SENCE OF CREDIBLE EVIDENCE have. They want a secure situation; they for Asia. If you understand what collective want to reduce the danger of nuclear war, security on the part of Moscow means, why OF MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL CON­ and we cannot combine these negotiations. then I think you can explain to me what SPIRACY This 1s an absolutely erroneous conception. President Nixon means. Any thought that they will pay us some­ Wasn't that Soviet idea directed primarily thing to come into negotiations for nuclear against Communist China? What's the possi­ HON. 0. C. FISHER restraint, I just don't understand. We bility of war between the Soviet Union and OF TEXAS wouldn't do it. They wouldn't sacrifice their China in the next few years? IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES personal security any more than we would, HARRIMAN. I wouldn't want to predict. it. Tuesday, September 9, 1969 and it only oompllcates a situation. We have to remember that the. Soviets are Now, the Russians are very much affected used to having minor border conflicts. They Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, many by what we do, and I would assume that we had them with Japan before World War n Americans have become concerned by are affected by what they do. President Ken­ a.long the Amur River. We may. see some nedy was successful in the nuclear test ban, unfounded claims that some sort of a minor conflicts. "conspiracy" exists between our great which, as you remember, he appointed me to Something like the Chinese border war go to Moscow and negotiate, because of his against India in 1962? scientific-industrial community and the American University speech. It was a ooncll­ J?efense Establishment, and that this 1s ia.tory speech. He didn't give anything away, HARRIMAN. Well, that's a little bit more vigorous than I would think. The Chinese not in the public interest. but it indicated a real desire on his part to While it is true that there have been come to an understanding. Also, he an­ tried to show up the weakness of India.. rm nounced that we would stop testing as long not sure that the Russians will want to go instances of unjustified waste and ex­ as the other side stopped testing. This per­ that far; they might. There may be bOrder travagance in the Department of De­ suaded Premier Krushchev that he was seri­ skirmishes. There may be an attempt by the fense, it is equally true that there has ous and jarred those prolonged negotiations Soviet Union to tea.ch China a lesson. But I been waste and extravagance in other otr dead center. When we went to Moscow, don't think it will develop into a major branches of the Government. we settled it within two weeks. conflict. These problems must be dealt with as If today the President would announce What impact do you think President they arise, but in striving to cope with that we would not go on testing multiple Nixon's visit to Rumania had on Soviet­ them let us not lose our perspective and warheads ( we'd of course go ahead with re­ American relations? search and development but not test) pro­ HARRIMAN. Frankly, I was very glad to see downgrade the important role that a vided the Soviet Union would abandon any President Nixon go to Rumania. Obviously, powerful Military Establishment plays in further tests in this field, I think it would the Russians object to it a bit. They don't terms of our national security and sur­ expedite the negotiations and carry them want to see Rumania. become too independ­ vival. If the critics have their way, 1n forward. ent. But it's a move in a healthy direction this highly competitive world, our great One can say that this can't be all one­ for the President of the United States to try potential may be weakened to the point sided. I'm very much influenced by a con­ to develop better relations with the Eastern that we will become a -second-rate power. ciliatory speech Foreign Minister Gromyko European countries. And I hope that this ma.de. I'm affected by the manner in which Administration explained to the Soviets that Who wants that to happen? Mr. Kosygin called in the senior American this was his objective and in a sense that it Now let us examine for a moment what who happened to be in Moscow at that time, will help further some things which the So­ this military-industrial complex has Hubert Humphrey, and spoke very glowingly viets would like to see accomplished-better done by way of positive accomplishment. in congratulating the United States on the trade relations, which they're very much in­ Not only have we become preeminent as moon achievement. That was an unusual terested in. a military power, but other evidences of thing to do. This must have been partJ.cu­ And I would hope the talks in Bucharest results that fl.ow from this combination larly difficult because of the failure of their would lead to President Nixon's recommend­ become apparent. moonshot, whatever it was supposed to do. ing legislation to permit us to engage in more Let me cite an example. A few weeks These are gestures on their part, in spite trade with Eastern Europe and the Soviet of the lack of progress in both the Middle Union. We are denying ourselves of very ago all Americans were thrilled by the East and Vietnam. Now we want to watch profitable trade. Western Europe and Japan performance of the astronauts on their what they do with the greatest of care and do about $8-billion in trade with them each trip to the moon. We marveled at the see whether the atmosphere is right. But this year, whereas we have only a few hundred discipline displayed by these heroic idea of saying, "Well now, you force Hanoi million dollars. Americans. This magnificent achieve­ to do thus and so and we'll come to Moscow Are you optimistic about the over-all pros­ ment was by no means an accidental and trade you," just doesn't work. pects for detente between the United States thing. What about the machine which In the first place, they can't dominate and the Soviet Union? Hanoi. Number two, they're competing with took the astronauts to the moon and HARRIM.AN. Not over-all detente. There are brought them back? Peking for the goodwill of Ha.not. They can still too many subjects on which agreements only go so far. cannot be reached. They still want to pro­ The discipline displayed by these three I gather that Gromyko went to see Presi­ Americans, who will take their place dent Nasser the other day and came back mote Communism to a. point where it will dominate the world. We want to see nations among the heroes of all times, left noth­ empty-handed. Now, how much pressure the ing to be desired. Although the trip to Soviet Union's ready to put on Egypt to get of the world fre~. people free. a Middle East settlement I don't know, but There a.re certain areas, however, in which the moon was under civilian control the it was unsuccessful. I'm still hopeful that I think we can come to '9.Jl agreement. Nu­ disciplines displayed had their roots in something can be done. Events in the Middle clear restraint is the one which I think is the the development of the air arm of the East are heading on a collision course, and most important. Despite the discouragement Navy and the Air Force. The machine the only way we can hope to come to a set­ so far, I hope we can work together in find­ was itself incomparable in its perfection. tlement before that happens again is through ing s solution to the Middle East, and I do The building of this machine utilized the influence of the Soviet Union and our­ expect the Soviets to help us in Vietnam if we can make more progress with Hanoi than all of the best in the industry of our selves. great country. It involved private capi­ They a.re publicly demanding that Israel we have so far. accept the Nasser terms, which, of course, You give more over-all importance to the tal, efficient management, loyalty of Israel isn't going to do and we're not going arms talks than the Vietnam negotiations? workers, the latest in technical science, to ask Israel to do. But it's unrealistic to HARRIMAN. Yes. Vietnam is the most im­ all blended together in building the per­ think that you can link a settlement in Viet­ mediate problem, but-looking at the long fect product which we have come to ex­ nam with a settlement in the Middle East. term--ending the nuclear arms race is of pect as routine from our superior free They are not within the Soviet Union's abil­ vital importance. It's important not only to enterprise industry. In plain terms, let ity to deliver. save reckless additional expenditures on both sides but also, as Mr. Kosygin said to me, us not lose sight of the fact that this You said they would be impressed by what team of superbly disciplined men and a we do. Do you think Moscow and Hanoi while the Soviet Union and the United States were impressed by the theme of President have the preponderant control 01'. nuclear machine perfect beyond human under­ Nixon's trip to Asia, "Asia for the Asians; weapons, it is our obligation to attempt to standing was the product of our mili­ we're not going to get involved in internal come to an understanding, which will reduce tary-industrial complex. wars in the future"? the risk of nuclear war. I'm satisfied that the Yet, today, there are those who malign HARRIMAN. Well, I would think that they Soviets a.re sincere in that and if we meet and question the fact that we do have a were probably just about as much puzzled them halfway, I think we can come to an great military tradition. The presence of as to what President Nixon has in mind as understanding. this concept has indeed been the bul- September 9, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24957 wark of our defense throughout this ground forces as well as for our space pro­ Eisenhower, who proudly devoted a . major gram, are an indispensable national resource part of his life to a military career, should be century. which would have to be created if it did not used to support the charge that military men Let us listen to those who know where­ already exist; and are waimongers and defense arsenals are un- of they speak, those who can speak with Whereas, the maligned military-industrial necessary burdens. · authority on this subject of how industry complex is composed of workers, technicians, In the ·1ast years of his life Gen. Eisen­ and the military have worked together. scientists and managers, united in support hower expressed regret at the reaction to his One of the most knowledgeable and re­ of their brothers and sons serving our coun­ military-industrial complex warning, when spected autho11ties on this subject has try in all our military forces; now, therefore, temporarily exasperated by the false charge been Lt. Gen. Ira C. Eaker, retired, who, be it of a missile gap. He was disturbed that this Resolved, by The American Legion in Na­ statement had been: taken out of context and incidentally, hails from my district. As tional Convention assembled in Atlanta, made the rallying cry of the disarmament a part of my remarks I will include a let­ Georgia, August 26, 27, 28, 1969, that we crowd. He wondered why no one seemed to ter written by him to the Washington cannot accept any philosophy that would remember another ~warning in his farewell Post, and also a column which he writes downgrade or destroy the private enterprise address: "We face a hostile ideology-global regularly for a number of daily news­ relationship between the military and indus­ in scope, atheistic in character, ruthless in papers. try that has made this nation great and has purpose and insidious in methods. Unhap­ Scores of others have shown their kept it free; and we express our unending pily, the danger it poses promises to be of in­ gratitude to all who have contributed to the definite duration.... A vital element in concern and have spoken out. Their industrial efforts which have supported our keeping the peace is our military establish­ warning should be heeded. Only recently armed forces in war and at times of interna­ ment. Our arms must be mighty, ready for an editorial which appeared in the Wall tional tension; and, be it instant action, so that no fanatical aggressor Street Journal contained this: Further resolved, that we urge the press, may be tempted to risk his own destruction." For the foreseeable future an effective radio and television media as well as others In an address in Washington on March 17, military force will remain absolutely essen­ who attract public attention and help mould Sen. Henry M. Jackson labeled the military­ tial to national survival. An effective force public opinion to make every reasonable ef­ industrial complex charge as a myth. He put depends on generals who think and act like fort to present to the American people a fair it in proper perspective in these terms: "Pat­ generals. If they worry about funds for de­ and undistorted picture of the essentiality ently, this view (the industry-military com­ fense and Communist advances in Asia, it is of cooperative efforts between our military plex theory) ignores the three great factors because that is what we pay them to worry forces and private enterprise so necessary to which have compelled the United States, for about. the survival of the nation and the protec­ the first time in its history, to create and tion of freedom throughout the world. maintain a large permanent military estab­ It is my belief that the voices of these lishment--the expansionist drive of Soviet patriotic citizens are beginning to be [From the Washington Post, June 9, 1969] and Red Chinese communism, the historic heard. The American Legion, which ANTI-MILITARY EMPHASIS shift of world power westward to the United States and eastward to the Soviet Union, speaks authoritatively for millions of war The Outlook Section of the Washington veterans, has sounded a timely warning. and the c~ntinuing scientific revolution." Post of Sunday, May 25, contained four anti­ The charge that weapons makers reap fan­ The voice of the Legion is in fact the mili tary articles under the headings: tastic profits is clearly a myth. These cor­ composite voice of all Americans who 1. Leashing Military Complex. porations nov.' making the principal weapons understand the rewards of peace, the 2. Defense Budget and the Nation's Future. systems average 6 per cent profit on their meaning of war and the need for an 3. Formula for Harnessing the High Riding government business while making more Military. adequate national defense. than 10 per cent on their non-government 4. Toward a Society Dominated by the sales. For this· reason all present weapons Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my Military. remarks I include a copy of a resolution There were also four large defamatory car­ makers are now struggling to increase the recently adopted by the American Le­ toons highlighting the same theme, "Get rid percentage of their commercial sales over gov­ of the military." ernment business. gion. I will also include a copy of a let­ If the generals have striven to seize the ter written to the Washington Post by Your extraordinary emphasis upon destruc­ power of decision over armaments, they have General Eaker, and a column written by tion of the confidence of our citizens in their been singularly unsuccessful. At no time in him which appeared in the San Angelo, defense establishment, leadership and forces our history has civilian control over the mili­ perplexes me. I can think of only two reasons Tex., Standard-Times. In addition, I in­ tary been more positive than during the past why a rational U.S. citizen would want to eight years, as a few typical examples will clude an editorial which appeared in the destroy the military. One, the belief that we Wall Street Journal. I urge careful indicate. now live in a peaceful world and no longer The $8 billion TFX and the $1 billion Mc­ reading of each of these. need defense forces. The other, of course, is Namara Line were approved by the secretary These items follow: the knowledge that if U.S. military power is of defense against all military advice. RESOL"9'TION 527--COMMITI'EE destroyed there will be no further bar to a Civilian political leaders decided to engage world dominated by the USSR. Anyone sym­ MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX in a massive land war in Asia against the pathetic with or hopeful for a Red-domi­ counsel of military advisers. They also de­ Whereas, the strength of the nation de­ nated world could be most effective toward pends not only on the number and quality cided to create sanctuaries for the enemy and that end by enlisting in the campaign to refrain from the norm.al use of sea and air of the men available to fight for it but also destroy U.S. military forces. upon the scientific, technologlcal and produc­ power, contrary to military counsel. I have always thought that a. great news­ Military leaders, disturbed by the rapid tive capacity of the nation's industries; and paper should give its readem botl.1 sides of the Whereas, a harmonious relationship must growth of Russian strategic power and our principal issues affecting the security and own unilateral disarmament, frequently have exist between the military and industrial welfare of our people. Is there any hope that organizations to design, develop and deploy urged the replacement of aging ships and the Washington Post will return to such a bombers. These requests have been repeatedly necessary weapons systems in support of our policy? national security; and denied or deferred by the civilian leader­ IRA c. EAKER, ship. Whereas, in two world wars the United Lieutenant General, U.S. Air Force, States helped bring victory to the free na­ The 1970 budget initially submitted by retired. the Johnson administration called for $79 tions by serving as the "arsenal of democ­ WASIUNGTON. racy" because management and labor billion for defense although the Joint Chiefs of Staff had proposed an expenditure of $93 united in a vital contribution to the effec­ (From the San Angelo (Tex.) Standard.­ tiveness of our gallant comrades in arms; billion. As proof that the Nixon admin­ and Times, Apr. 26, 1969] istration has not surrendered to the military, Whereas, many statements regarding the No CREDIBLE EVIDENCE SUPPORTS CLAIM OF it reduced the Johnson budget nearly $2 "milltary-industrial complex" have been MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL CONSPIRACY billion. Any concerned citizen who assembles and made to the citizens of our country in biased President Eisenhower in January 1961, or undocumented form in the attempt to assesses all the facts will be reassured that warned against "the acquisition of un­ there is no credible evidence to support the downgrade our national military posture; warranted influence whether sought or un­ and charges of a sinister military-industrial con­ sought, by the military-industrial complex." spiracy. · Whereas, no modern military power can be Recently, this ad.monition has been quoted created or maintained without sophisticated a thousand times by far left columnists and and vast industrial productive capabilities; commentators and by the pacifist press to [From the Wall Street Journal, Apr. 24, 1969] and support their contention that all generals a.re REVIEW AND OUTLOOK-FOUR-STAR ScAPEGOATS Whereas, through the investment of pri­ bomb-happy maniacs who love war and that The "military-industrial complex" has be­ vate capital, efficient management and loyal all defense contractors are greedy robbers come an increasingly fashionable bogeyman, workers, the great industrial corporations of who build weapons at unconscionable profits. and indeed the notion is spreading that the America doing research, development and One of the strangest anomalles of our times generals have created nearly all our national production for our aerospace, naval and is the fact that a statement of the late Gen ills by running up defense spending and in- 24958 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 9, 1969 volvlng us in Vietnam. These problems are that led to fat in the budget and trouble in certainly serious, but making the generals Vietnam. UNITED STATES MUST DIVORCE scapegoats for them obscures the actual les­ For the foreseeable future an effective ISRAEL AGGRESSION sons to be learned. military force Will remain absolutely essen­ The international climate being what it ls, tial to national survival. An effective force the garrison state remains a real enough depends on generals who think and act like HON. JOHN R. RARICK long-term danger, though it ought to be generals. If they worry about funds for de­ OF LOUISIANA plain that at the moment military influence fense and Communist advances in Asia, it is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRF.SENTATIVES is not burgeoning but plummeting. This because that is what we pay them to worry long-run danger surely will not be solved about. Tuesday, September 9, 1969 by turning mllitary officers into a pariah That the nation needs people to worry Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, as men of class, as much as that would please those about such things certainly does release po­ good will the world over talk of achiev­ intolerants whose personality clashes with tentially dangerous forces that need to be ing peace, the world community opinion the mllitary one. The danger requires a far controlled. The milltary's responsibility for is shocked by today's news that Israel more sober diagnosis, and this would find controlling them is passive, to avoid politi­ that many of the present complaints should cal involvement, and our officer corps has a troops, tanks, and aircraft had executed be directed not at the generals but at their splendid tradition in that regard. The more an aggressive attack against Egyptian civilian superiors. difficult task of active control is essentially forces in the troubled northeast Africa We tend to agree, for example, with the a civilian responsibility and the modern region. In the days and weeks ahead complaints that the Pentagon budget is world makes it a terrible responsibillty. But there will be charges and countercharges swollen. But it tells us nothing to observe make no mistake, civilian control depends offered by both sides, and the watching that the officers press for more funds for squarely on the will and Wisdom of civilian world can expect a counter-retaliation their department; in this they are no differ­ leaders. by -the Egyptian forces to avenge their ent from any bureaucrat anywhere. Indeed, This simple but crucial understanding gets people. the same people who think the generals mali­ lost in the emotional anti-militarism grow­ cious for requesting large funds would find ing increasingly prevalent. What gets lost, The American people, weary of :fight­ it quite remiss if, say, the Secretary of that is, is the first truth about the actual ing communism-in Vietnam in a war Health, Education and Welfare failed to menace of a military-industrial complex­ their leaders have not permitted them make similar demands for his concerns. the danger is not that the generals Will grab to win-have been told repeatedly that Choosing among competing budget de­ but that the civilians will default. world opinion would react against attacks mands is the responsibility of civilians, in across sovereign borders or bombing a the Pentagon, at the White House and in hostile force supplying guerrilla infiltra­ Congress. Part of the current problem seems tors. To the American people there can to be that in the ballyhoo about "scientific" AMBASSADOR FAY OF IRELAND be only one major concern with this new management of the Pentagon, the old-fash­ PASSES ioned unscientific Budget Bureau review was international crisis. Why did the United relaxed. More generally, it needs to be recog­ States supply the Israel forces with jet nized that the problem of fat in the budget :fighter planes and train their pilots just is due less to the generals' greed than to a HON. DANIEL J. FLOOD days before this Israel attack? How can want of competence or will in civilian review. OF PENNSYLVANIA our Government say that our position Much the same thing is true in Vietnam. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is neutral when we supplied the imple­ There is plenty of room to criticize the gen­ ments of aggression? How can our Gov­ erals' incoherent answer to the problems of Tuesday, September 9, 1969 ernment hope to escape censure from the limited war, but many of the most decisive Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, during this world community for our involvement? mistakes were made by civilians. Take the failure to understand the escala­ last week, which was marked by the Under such circumstances, we fall vic­ tion of our commitment implicit in support­ death of several great Americans, the tim to damaging propaganda that we are ing the coup against Ngo Dinh Diem. After Diplomatic Corps of our Nation's Capital supporting the Israelis in a religious war. we had implicated ourselves in overthrowing suffered a tragic loss of a great diplomat Someone must tell the world that the the established anti-Communist government, and gracious gentleman, Ambassador American people will not send their sons we could not with any grace walk away with­ William P. Fay of Ireland. into another war created by diplomatic out a real effort to salvage the resulting His sudden death while visiting his blundering, treaty, or by executive order. chaos. Reasons of both honor and interna­ If tional credibility left us vastly more com­ home capital of Dublin ended an illus­ our foreign policy is one of neutrality mitted than before, and it was almost solely trious career in the diplomatic service of in the Middle East, then it is time our the work of civilians. the Emerald Isle. His assignment to head President announce it to the world and Or take the fateful decision to have both the Irish Embassy in 1964 complemented prove our credibility by forbidding any guns and butter, made in 1965 when the U.S. a distinguished tenure of service that more armaments to be supplied in areas part of the ground fighting started in earnest. included assignments in Canada and of world tension. Of what value are nu­ It was a civilian-and in no small part po­ France and other European nations. clear test ban agreements or nonpro­ litical-decision to avoid mobilization, to liferation treaties, when we allow our­ build the armed forces gradually, to expand Wherever he served, Bill Fay repre­ the bombing of North Vietnam at a measured sented all that was the finest in a gentle­ selves to become drawn into a potential rate, to commit the ground units piecemeal. man and diplomat-the scholarly human holocaust. All of this is in direct contradiction to the approach with a classic :finesse for mak­ The American people want no U.S. role thrust of military wisdom. And if the gen­ ing friends for Ireland and winning the in bringing about Armageddon. erals did favor defeating the Communists, hearts of his legion of friends through­ Mr. Speaker, I include several news the little public record available also sug­ out the world. clippings: gests they favored means more commen­ surate with that goal. Both he, and his likewise charming [From the Washington Star, Sept. 9, 1969) The point is not that the generals neces­ wife, Lilian, brought to the Washington ISRAELIS STRIKE EGYPT BELOW SUEZ; 30-Mn.E sarily should have been given everything diplomatic community a breath of fresh SWATH CUT IN 10-HOUR TANK ASSAULT they wanted. The point is that the civilians air and warmth that is so characteristic TEL Avrv.-Israeli planes, tanks and ships decided to do the job on the cheap. They of the Irish people-something new and struck Egypt today in the heaviest raid would have been Wiser to listen when the pleasant which made them among the since the 1967 six-day war. Tanks were generals told them what means their goal most gracious and likable hosts this city landed in Egypt by assault craft and cut a required, then to face the choice between 30-mile swath through military installations, allocating the necessary means or cutting the has known. radar and rocket sites. goal to fit more modest means. This discord It was my pleasure to know him, and An Israeli military spokesman sa.l.d the between means and goals is in a phrase the call him my friend, and we in the United 10-hour punitive raid cost the Egyptians source of our misery in Vietnam, and pri­ States shall miss him deeply. "dozens" of killed and wounded and that the mary responsibility for it rests not on mili­ William P. Fay was a great man, and only Israeli casualty was a slightly wounded tary shoulders but civilian ones. was known as a great lover of Shake­ soldier who was withdrawn safely with the Blaming the generals for these problems entire attacking force. maligns a dedicated and upstanding group speare, and I know he would love me to An Israeli plane, reported to be an Ameri­ of public servants. More than that, it ob­ bring down his curtain with these lines can-built Skyhawk, was shot down by anti­ scures the actual problem with the milltary­ from Hamlet: aircraft fire and the pilot parachuted into industrial complex itself. For the real long­ the Gulf of Su~z. He was officially listed as Now cracks a noble heart. missing. term danger is that the garrison state will Good night, sweet prince, and flights of evolve through precisely the type of fa1llng Intense naval activity preceded the landing angels sing thee to thy rest! which a spokesman said began last night, September 9, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24959 when Israel reported its motor torpedo boats plunged ashore from craft protected by already selling both types of airers.ft to destroyed two Egyptian PT boats in the Gulf the tanks that went ahead of them. Jets Israel. The Phantoms a.re estimated to cost of Suez. Cairo reported sinking an Israeli swooped overhead to give fire cover and to $3-million to $4-million ea.ch and the Sky­ patrol boat today with the loss of its crew. attack targets ahead of the advancing Israelis. hawks about $I-million with the exact cost These were the first naval engagements since "Warnings are not enough," said one Is­ depending on the equipment included. 1967. raeli source. "More drastic action is needed The informants said the request was ma.de CALLED RESPONSE TO "AGGRESSION" to put an end to these attacks." la.st month, shortly before the flare-up in An Israeli communique said the raid was Strict control was maintained on all in­ the air war between the United Arab Re­ in response to Egyptian "aggression." formation of military activities. public and Israel in the Suez Canal area. (This was believed to include not only (Israeli sources in Washington confirmed This was also about the time that President heavy Egyptian artillery attacks along the that the area chosen for the raid is where Pompidou indicated publicly that France Suez Canal but Arab terrorists attacks on the Egyptian armed forces a.re thinnest. would maintain her 1967 embargo on the de­ Israeli installations in Europe and various ait­ (The aim, according to these sources, was livery of the supersonic Mirage jets previ­ tacks against Israeli airlines, spokesmen said to show the Egyptians, who are said to have ously bought by Israel. in Washington. concentrated as high as 100,000 men a.long NO U.S. RESPONSE REPORTED the northern reaches of the canal, that their (Despite the obvious warning, the leftwing southern flank is vulnerable to Israeli at­ The Nixon Administration was reported extremist Arab guerrilla group known as the tack.) to have given no response to the Israeli re­ Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine quest, but to have taken it under considera­ warned today in Amman, Jordan, it would PHANTOM'S FLYOVER DELIGHTS TEL AVIV tion. If past patterns are followed, the re­ escalate its terrors campaign against Israeli quest marks the first step in a lengthy proc­ organizations a.broad with "more dangerous, TEL Aviv, September 7.-A U.S.-supplied ess of negotiations in which the · Israeli possibly fatal" attacks. Phantom fighter-bomber streaked over this figures may be revised before the United ( Cairo Radio had no immediate reaction Israeli metropolis today, watched by thou­ States considers that it has a final and for­ to the Israeli raid, but it broadcast commu­ sands of delighted Israelis. mal request. Detailed talks are expected to niques reporting heavy Israeli shelling of The warplane w.as one of a long-awaited begin this fall, the informants said. Egyptian installations in the Suez area at batch of Phantoms which the army said Israeli officials are reported to have re­ the southern end of the Suez Canal and re­ yesterday had arrived from the United newed their earlier expressions of in•terest ported dogfights over the canal between States. The flight was obviously demonstra­ in having the Phantoms equipped for carry­ Egyptian and Israeli planes today.) tive, observers said. Israeli military .aircraft ing atomic weapons. The United S,tates has are very r-arely seen over Tel Aviv. 24 MILES BELOW SUEZ rejected such pleas and has insisted that "Even now we will not ignore our security Israel agree not to use American-supplied The Israeli forces hit the Egyptian coast worries, but we can antioipa.te the future jets to carry such weapons. from El Hafayer, 24 miles below Suez City, with a more relaxed feeling," said the influ­ The United States became the principal south to Ras Zafrana, 54 miles below Suez. ential newspaper Haaretz. supplier of the Israeli Air Force after the The Gulf of Suez ranges from 30 to 50 miles Arab-Israeli war of June, 1967. wide at this area across the Israeli-occupied [From the Christian Science Monitor, Aug. Under an agreement signed in 1966 and Sinai desert. 11, 1969] expanded in January, 1968, during the John­ Israells in Tel Aviv said they struck to UNITED STATES To DELIVER ISRAELI JETS son Administration the United States has punish the Egyptians for what they called WASHINGTON.-The United States plans to delivered more than half of 80 promised increasing fire at Israel's troops posted on Skyhawks. Israeli officials acknowledge that the east bank of the canal. Nine Israelis have deliver four supersonic F-4 Phantom jets to Israel next month and will complete delivery some of the planes have been used in the been killed and 11 wounded there in the past recent fighting. week. Observers said Egyptian artillery may of a shipment of 50 of the high-performance fighter-bombers within a year, according to In a more publicized deal, announced last have been the prime target. Dec. 27, the United States agreed to sell There was no official word on oil installa­ authoritative sources here. At the same time, it was reported, Israel Israel 50 Phantoms. The 1,200-mile-an-hour tions being hit. The biggest producer of aircraft was then the most advanced Amer­ Egypt's offshore oil works lies about 100 miles has lodged a tentative request for about 100 additional aircraft-including another 25 ican fighter-bomber in operation. About a south of the Suez and in the general area of dozen Israeli pilots have completed training today's raid. F-4's--to meet its defense needs. The State Department declined comment in this country, and Israel is scheduled to The center of that oil works is the offshore on the report, but reliable sources said the begin receiving a squadron of 16 Phantoms Morgan oilfield where about 100 Americans request had come through the Israeli Em­ next month, at the rate of four planes a are employed. The field is exploited by bassy. month. GUPCO, owned half by Egypt and half by It appeared that disclosure of the Israeli the Pan American 011 Co. bid for extra aircraft was deliberately leaked There was no sign of general war prepara­ here well in advance of Israeli Prime Min­ WILL PUBLIC WORKS CUTBACKS tions, and no sign of any ca.llup of reserves. ister Golda Meir's planned visit Sept. 25 for CURE INFLATION? The Israeli spokesmen, when they finally talks with President Nixon. gave details, stressed that the 11aid was puni­ Israel first turned to the United States tive. Government for new fighter planes after the HON. JOSEPH G. MINISH It apparently was aimed at drawing Egyp­ June, 1967, Arab-Israeli war when France OF NEW JERSEY tian troops and artillery away from the Suez clamped an embargo on an order for 50 oa.nal zone to ease up on the constant Mirage jets for the Jewish state. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Egyptian bombardment. In December, long after Israel sought Tuesday, September 9, 1969 Israeli sources in Washington said it was Phantoms from the United States, the out­ unlikely that the first of the U.S. F4 Phan­ going Johnson administration announced Mr. MINISH. Mr. Speaker, with re­ toms delivered to Israel took part in today's approval of the sale of 50 of the sophisticated gard to recent statements by President raids but that they were thought to be in jets, capable of twice the speed of sound. Richard M. Nixon to halt construction combat readiness. For the purpose of air sup­ Authoritative sources said it was the deliv­ on 75 percent of public works projects, port slower planes would be more useful. ery of that order that would begin next I should just like to add my voice to the The raid followed a series of Israeli warn­ month. About 12 Israeli pilots have com­ increasing chorus of critics on this is­ ings to Egypt and the other Arab nations. pleted training in the United States to fly Israeli Transport Minister Moshe Carmel said the Phantoms. sue. in Tel Aviv yesterday Israel was considering Although the President has stated that new retaliation against Arab guerrma. [From the New York Times, Aug. 6, 1969] his curb on Federal construction projects attacks. ISRAELIS REPORTED SEEK.ING To BUY MORE will also serve to curb inflation, I must The Israeli army spokesman said Egyptian U.S. PLANES wholeheartedly disagree. Although econ­ jets and troops made no effort to interfere (By Hedrick Smith) omists have various and sundry ideas with the armored raid's progress although WASHINGTON, August 6.-Isra.el is reported on what will serve to halt the present in­ the operation was reported to have lasted 10 to have approached the Nixon Administration flationary spiral, it is generally agreed hours. with a request for nearly $150-milUon worth that the main cause of the present prob­ Israeli officials did not announ<:e the action of aircraft, including F-4 Phantom jets, to lem is defense spending. until it was over in midafternoon. maintain long-term air superiority over her I cannot see where it would serve the Ras Zafran.a, southern limit of today's raid­ Arab neighbors. ing, lies 50 miles across the gulf from Abu public interest to halt projects already Reliable informants said today that the in various stages of completion. It would Zem.tna in the Sinai which Israel occupied Israeli Ambassador, Itzhak Rabin, had asked in 1967. It is the center of American-owned the United States to agree to sell about 80 seem to me that such methods would oil installations in the gulf. more Skyhawk A-4 fl.ghter-·bombers and only cost the public more in the long Unofficial reports said tanks went ashore about 25 more supersonic Phantoms. run. These projects will be taken up at from landing craft and that Israeli troops Under previous deals the United States 18 some future time for completion, when 24960 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 9, 1969 construction costs may be much in­ 1967 proposed new Panama. Can.al trea.tioo, "GIVEAWAY" AMBASSADOR FOR PANAMA creased. Additionally, unemployment which proposed treaties aroused strenuous ATTACKED public opposition in both Panama and the (From the Allen-Goldsmith Report) would certainly ensue were projects un­ United States. In the laJtter, some 150 mem­ der construction to be halted midway. bers of the Congress introduced resolutions President Nixon faces a bruising fight if To increase the number of unemployed opposing ratification. Many speeches in op­ he appoints Robert M. Sayre as ambassador workers is certainly not an efficient solu­ position were made in both the House and to Panama. tion to the problem of rising prices. Senate. Rep. Daniel Flood (D.-Pa.), a House Ap­ I urge the administration to more thor­ As those proposed treaities were not only propriations subcommittee chairman, has weak and unrealistic, but also perilous to the served blunt notice of this in a letter to the oughly investigate the matter of infla­ President. A 25-year congressional veteran, tion so as to arrive at an answer that security of both the United States am.d the Western Hemisphere, including Pana.ma., I Flood has long been closely interested in will' not throw the baby out with the trust th.at you will not appoint anyone asso­ Panamanian affairs. bath water. ciated with the preparation or negotl..ation of Basis of his emphatic opposition to Sayre the proposed 1967 treaties as Am.bassador to is that he was an active participant in the that country, but someone who can be de­ drafting of the 1967 proposed Panama Canal pended upon to protect the indispensable treaties. NEW U.S. AMBASSADOR TO PANAMA sovereign rights, power and authority of the These treaties evoked such a storm of dis­ MUST BE OBJECTIVE United Sta,tes over the Canal Zone territory approval in Congress that they were never and oanal. Except for our presence in Pana.ma. signed. Some 150 House members sponsored today. Soviet power would be dominant there, denunciatory resolutions. They made three and would absolutely control the Panama. charges: That the agreements ceded sov­ ereignty over the canal to Panama; made HON. DANIEL J. .FLOOD Oanal in which project the United States has OF PENNSYLVANIA made a net investment, including defense, that country a "partner" in can.al manage­ ment, and would share its defense with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES from 1904 to June 30, 1968, of more than $5,000,000,000, all supplied by the American Panama: authorized the U.S. to construct a Tuesday, September 9, 1969 taxpayer. new canal in Panama. The situation affecting the Pan.am.a Canal The uproar over these treaties were so Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, there has massive and vehement that the Johnson Ad­ been widespread discussion in the press is of such grave character that it should not be dictated by shabby sentimentalities. We ministration shelved them. No effort has ever of the Nation during recent weeks quot­ have enough trouble on our hands with Cuba been made to revive them. The House For­ ing from a letter by me to the President which was permLtted to pass into the Soviet eign Affairs Committee did hold hearings, of the United States in opposition to the but for some unexplained reason they were orbit; we do not wish to have another like, not published. appointment of Robert M. Sayre, now and even more grave, situation at Panama.. U.S. Ambassador to Uruguay, as our Sincerely, Sayre, 45, a career foreign service officer, DANIEL J. FLOOD, is now ambassador to Uruguay. Authoritative Ambassador to Panama. reports have been cmrrent for some time that Member of Congress. My information is to the effect that he was to be shifted to the U.S. Embassy in Mr. Sayre was an active participant with Panama. Walt W. Rostow in the formulation of THE WlilTE HOUSE, One of the State Department's le:iding ex­ the three proposed new Panama Canal Washington, D.C., July 30, 1969. perts on Latin America, Sayre has served in treaties, which were never signed after Hon. DANIEL J. FLOOD, a number of countries there--including Mex­ House of Representatives, ico, Peru and Cuba. For several years he was completion of negotiations in 1967, be­ Washington, D.C. deputy assistant secretary of state with the cause of strong opposition in both Pan­ DEAR MR. FLooD: This will acknowledge Bureau of Inter-American Affairs. In formu­ ama and the United States. your letter of July 28 to the President re­ lating the discarded Panamanian treaties, he What is needed as our Ambassador in garding Mr. Robert M. Sayre, a Foreign Serv­ worked with Walt W. Rostow, controversial Panama is someone who will defend the ice Officer, and the proposed Panama Canal special assistant on foreign affairs to Presi­ indispensable sovereign rights, power, treaties which were submitted to the 90th dents Kennedy and Johnson. and authority of the United States over Congress. In assailing Sayre's reported contemplated I know the President will appreciate having appointment as ambassador to Panama, Rep. the U.S.-owned Canal Zone territory Flood sharply challenged his fitness and and Panama Canal and not one who has this frank expression of your views which will be called to his attention upon his re­ qualifications. been active toward subverting them, and turn. At that time we will be in further "I emphatically trust," the influential leg­ who cannot be objective because of his touch with you. islator wrote the President, "that you will not previous commitments. With cordial regard, appoint anyone as ambassador to Panama Mr. Speaker, it is, indeed, unfortunate Sincerely, who was associated with the preparation of that the President has surrounded him­ WILLIAM E. TIMMONS, the abortive 1967 giveaway treaties, but some­ Deputy Assistant to the President. one who can be depended upon to protect the self with advisers whose records have, indispensable sovereign rights, power and in effect, been unsound as regards the authority of the United States over Canal best interests of our country. It is fortu­ THE WlilTE HOUSE, Zone territory and the canal. Those treaties nate that we do have able and well­ Washington, D.C., August 14, 1969. not only were weak and unrealistic, but also informed men in the United States, with Hon. DANIEL J. FLOOD, perilous to the security of both the United the proper qualifications for appoint­ House of Representatives, States and the Western Hemisphere, includ­ Washington, D.C. ing Panama. ment as our Ambassador to Panama, DEAR CONGRESSMAN FLOOD: With further and they should be appointed. "Except for our presence in Panama today, reference to your letter of July 28 regarding Soviet power would be dominant there, and In order that the Congress and the Panama, you will have noted that on Au­ would absolutely control the Panama Canal Nation at large may know precisely gust 9 the President announced his decision in which the United States had made net in­ what I have stated regarding the pro­ to nominate Mr. Robert M. Sayre, present vestment, including defense, from 1904 to posed appointment, I include the entire Ambassador to Uruguay, as Ambassador to June 30, 1968, of more than $5 billion, all correspondence with the White House; Panama.. The President wants to assure you supplied by the American taxpayer." also, an article in a recent issue of Hu­ that this decision was taken only after the Citing the recent visit to Havana of a most careful consideration, and that Mr. powerful Russian fleet and authoritative re­ man Events that quotes me correctly: Sayre is a very able career officer who can ports of the establishment of a Soviet naval JUI.Y 28, 1969. be depended upon to protect the interests of base there, FlOOd stressed the crucial neces­ The PRESIDENT, the United States and to implement faith­ sity of preserving the security of the Panama White House, fully the policy of this Administration. Canal. Washington, D.C. With respect to reports that Pana.ma. "The situation affecting the canal is of DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: Recelllt Spam.ish lan­ hopes to re-open negotiations !or a new such grave character," Flood declared in his guage press news from Panama is to the canal treaty, such a suggestion has not unpublished letter, "that it should not be effect that the Panamanian Government formally been made by the Panamanian Gov­ dictated by shabby sentimentalities. We have hopes to reopen the negotiations for new ernment. We do not know 1f it will be, but enough trouble on our hands with Cuba, Pana.ma. Oa.tn.al Treaties. This news, coupled again the President wishes to assure you which was permitted to pass into the Com­ with current reports that Foreign Service that our pollcy toward this question will be munist orbit, without having another sim­ Officer Robert M. Sayre is being seriously con­ carefully reviewed within the National ilar, and even more grave, situation at sidered for appointment as U.S. Ambassador Security Councn mechanism. Panama.•• to Panama, is ominous. With cordial regard, FIOOd has long strongly advocated removal Aocording to my information, Mr. Sayre Sincerely, of State Department control of Panama Canal was an active participant with Walt W. WILLIAM E. TIMMONS, policy. He wants that placed in the Defense Rostow in the formulation of the discredited Deputy Assistant to the President. Department. September 9, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24961 "Panama is still a land of endemic revolu­ American people will now begin to "fight have voted for H.R. 11039, the authoriza­ tion and political turmoil," Flood maintains. these unnecessary, unwarranted, and un­ tion bill for the operation of the Peace "For the U.S. to surrender its full sovereign workable recommendations that would de­ powers over the Panama Canal is not only un­ stroy their right to self-protection." He said, Corps for fiscal 1970. As the RECORD in­ realistic, but fraught with the greatest peril "I believe ... the turning point has been dicates, I had requested that I be paired for the security of all the Americas. That's reached. The direction now ls toward real­ for passage and against recommittal of why it is of such urgent importance for us to ism. The sob sisters and do-gooders have the bill. have an ambassador there who understands had their day, now the voice of reason-the The bill authorizes $101.1 million for that fully and clearly, and not one who would voice of the American people, the voice of fiscal 1970. This is $900,000 less than for acquiesce in the surrender and subversion the American sportsman-will prevail." fiscal 1969, and I believe it reflects the of such powers." There a.re many of us who couldn't agree desire and effort of the Peace Corps to more about the sob sisters and do-gooders, not only in regard to gun control, but many conform to budgetary restraints, as well other things a.s well. If the bleeding hearts in as to place more emphasis on quality, BILL WESCOAT OF THE REYNOLDS­ this country continue to have their way rather than quantity of Peace Corps VILLE, PA., STAR COMMENTS ON much longer, our society is most certainly volunteers. The Peace Corps is a large GUN CONTROL doomed. We must begin to face realism about and important operation, and I believe many things, and take the hard, tough stands all of us agree that since its beginning in where it is necessary to take them. The Treas­ 1961 the Corps has made a major con­ ury Department and the Justice Department HON. JOHN D. DINGELL have already discovered that the Gun Con­ tribution, not only in the foreign coun­ OF MICHIGAN trol Act of 1968 is basically an unworkable tries where we have volunteers serving, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES law. Spokesmen from those two departments but also in the United states. Under the have recognized a couple of important facts. authorization which the House passed Tuesday, September 9, 1969 First, Federal control of sporting firearms yesterday, the Peace Corps intends to Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, in a re­ oonstitutes an unwarranted invasion into the recruit 7,500 new volunteers for 1970 and cent speech on the subject of gun control province of State and local governments. these people will come from communities legislation, my friend and colleague, one Second, each state and each section of the United States faces different problems in re­ throughout the country. The Peace of the outstanding Members of this body, gard to gun control. Problems peculiar to the Cor~s is not increasing in size and cost, JOHN P. SAYLOR, who represents the 22d populous urban areas are certainly not the but its work and stature have grown in District of Pennsylvania with great credit same as those of the sparsely populated scope and importance. It is anticipated and distinction, made a number of par­ plains and mountain areas. that as of June 30, 1970, the number of ticularly hard-hitting comments on the It is indeed encouraging to.learn that there volunteers overseas will be 2 525 in real intent of the report of the Presi­ are those in high places who realize that it is Africa; 1,800 in North Africa-Ne~r East­ dent's Violence Commission. In brief, impossible, in many, many instan,ces, for ivory Tower thinkers to prescribe one remedy South Asia; 2,100 in East Asia-Pacific; Congressman SAYLOR, like myself, op­ for all ills everywhere-whether they be at a and 2,825 in Latin America. Mr. Speaker, poses the gun confiscation proposals of local, state or Federal level. The Washing­ I wish the Peace Corps continued the Commission. Further, we believe that ton Post recently ran an editorial entitled success. the concern of Congress should be on "More Gun Control Nonsense," in which controlling the criminal rather than the it pointed out the obvious-that the law-abiding citizen. One response to that Violence Commission's proposal that all speech has come to my attention which Americans surrender their hand guns (there AN OPEN ELECTION IN NORTH I want to share with you and our col­ are an estimated 24 milllon in the country) is VIETNAM rather ridiculous for the criminals most cer­ leagues. An article by Bill Wescoat in tainly are not going to surrender theirs, and the Reynoldsville, Pa., Star, succinctly this would leave the law-abiding citizens HON. BURT L. TALCOTT captures the concern I share along with more than ever at a disadvantage. Congressman SAYLOR about attempts to Congressman Saylor has long advocated OF CALIFORNIA confiscate the guns owned by law-abiding attacking the problem of guns and crime IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES citizens and sportsmen in the United the way it should be atta.cked--0n the crim­ Tuesday, September 9, 1969 States. The article follows: inal, not a broadside against the law-abid­ ing citizen who owns a gun. He recommends [From the Reynoldsville (Pa.) Star, Mr. TALCOTT. Mr. Speaker, Ho Chi that anyone committing a crime while armed Minh is dead. Imminent political events Sept. 4, 1969] be mandatorily sentenced to prison, and that GUN CONTROL there be no authority for any judge to st.s­ in North Vietnam may give us some per­ (By Bill Wescoat) pend this sentence, or to have it run co.i­ spective about some facets of the settle­ ment of the war in South Vietnam. In the long and continuing fight about currently with any other sentence. The pur­ gun control in the United States, this dis­ pose of this bill is to attempt to convince the I am suggesting that our Government trict's representative, Congressman John P. person who sets forth on a criminal venture urge the North Vietnamese to select a Saylor, has been an outspoken opponent of to think twice about being armed. successor to Ho Chi Minh in the same any attempt on the part of the government There are many arguments for and against manner in which they would propase to deprive citizens of the right to own fire­ gun control, and to the average citizen any that the South Vietnamese select their arms. In his opposition he has performed control that would hamper the criminal ele­ ment in the country, or any law that would political leaders. I would also urge that admirably as a watchdog guarding the rights the election be open to uninhibited in­ of all citizens, not just those of his own dis­ bring swift punishment for the illegal use of trict, and doing what he can to prevent a firearm, would be a good one. What we ternational observation. further intrusion into our private lives by must watch, a.nd what Mr. Saylor is watch­ The Communists demand free, open the Federal Government. ing, is that under the guise of protecting us, elections in the south. So they can show the do-gooders would actually strip us of a the way in the north, now that they have Now he has quite correctly recognized the cherished right and place us even more at ultimate goal of the National Commission the mercy of any criminals who would this made-to-order chance. on the Causes and Prevention of Violience for threaten our homes or our families. The manner of selecting a successor to what it is-complete gun confiscation by the Ho Chi Minh may just separate the true U.S. Government. He brought this forcibly to the att ention of his colleagues in a speech nationalists from the Communist dem­ in t he House of Representatives the other agogs there and their sympathizers here. day. The Commission, with many fancy PEACE CORPS AUTHORIZATION I predict that the successor to Ho Chi phrases and statistics, has tried to convince Minh will be selected in the conventional any who would listen that the way to con­ Communist manner-the sham election trol crime in the United States is by making HON. JACOB H. GILBERT will be rigged and closed-and there will lt against the law to own or possess a gun, OF NEW YORK be little public outcry there, or here, by and that the Government should, by law, those who crassly demeaned the 1967 call upon all citizens to surrender their IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES arms. Tuesday, September 9, 1969 elections of Thieu and Ky. This is gun confiscation pure and simple, Think about this-Communist power of course, a nd Mr. Saylor delights in the Mr. GILBERT. Mr. Speaker, I was un­ and authority is force and treachery­ fact that the real issue is now out in the avoidably absent from the House on yes­ not the open ballot box, no matter what open, and expresses confidence that the terday, but had I been present I would they proclaim at the negotiating table. 24962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE September 10, 1969 "CHUCK" JOELSON the judicial bench, surely, justice in New Mr. JoELSON's 9 years in the House Jersey will be tempered with wit, as well have been distinguished ones and he has as with mercy. served well on the House Committee on HON. LIONEL VAN DEERLIN Appropriations. His legal training and OF CALIFORNIA distinguished legal career before his elec­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion to the House suited him well for Thursday, September 4, 1969 RETIREMENT OF CONGRESSMAN his calm and judicial work here. CHARLES S. JpELSON Mr. VAN DEERLIN. Mr. Speaker, I think, perhaps, the finest tribute among all the Members of this body, it to Mr. JOELSON will be the record he is probably true that a relative handful HON. DON EDWARDS leaves behind, a record marked by his can feel certain of commanding full at­ OF CALIFORNIA brilliant efforts in behalf of education. tention of the House when they rise to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Young people throughout the Nation have much to thank him for and their speak. Thursday, September 4, 1969 "CHUCK" JOELSON has been one of future achievements will reflect his these--a man of incisive wit, always Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. achievements. superbly prepared to make his point with Speaker it is with a very real pleasure For us in the House, our memories of a minimum of words-words which col­ that I join in the host of tributes to our Mr. JOELSON will be of his humor, his wit, colleague, the Honorable CHARLES S. leagues knew would be worth hearing. his calm and his wisdom. He has been a He is, moreover, a kind and gentle "CHUCK'' JOELSON, on his retirement from this House to take his seat on the most valuable Member of this House and man whose gay spirit will be sorely a good friend to all of us. missed in this Chamber. When he takes bench in New Jersey.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Wednesday, September 10, 1969 Assistant Attorney General, which was DIRECT POPULAR ELECTION OF THE The House met at 12 o'clock nooh. PRESIDENT AND VICE PRESIDENT The Cha}>lain, Rev. Edward G. Latch, read and referred to the Committee on D.D., offered the follow1ng prayer: the Judiciary; Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, I move that DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, the House resolve itself into the Com­ Unto Thee, O Lord, do I lift up my Washington, D.0., September 5, 1969. mittee of the Whole House on the State soul.-Psalm 25: 1. Hon. JOHN McCORMACK, of the Union for the consideration of the O God, our Father, who art the truth Speaker of the House of Representatives, joint resolution (H.J. Res. 681) propos­ that keeps men free and the love tha·t Washington, D.O. DEAR MR. SPEAKER: As you know, pursuant ing an amendment to the Constitution of makes them good, give to us the faith the United States relating to the election to see life as it is, the strength to change to House Resolutions 673, 674 and 675, dated June 27, 1967, and subsequent resolutions, of the President and Vice President. for good what we can change for good, certain documents and records of the House The SPEAKER. The question is on the and the serenity to accept calmly and of Representatives were made available to a motion offered by the gentleman from courageously what we cannot change at District of Columbia grand jury in connec­ New York. this time. tion with an investigation involving Con­ The motion was agreed to. We pass through this world but once. gressman Adam Clayton Powell. Any good we can do, any kindness we The Department of Justice has received IN THE COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE can show, any help we can give do Thou a request from the Internal Revenue Serv­ Accordingly the House resolved itself help us to do it now, for we shall not pass ice to review evidence developed before the into the Committee of the Whole House grand jury relevant to an official investiga­ on the ~tate of the Union for the con­ this way nor live through this day again. tion of Congressman Powell by the Internal May we the representatives of our Revenue Service. In order to comply with this sideration of the joint resolution (H.J. people in loyalty to Thee and our coun­ request, lit will be necessary to obtain a court Res. 681), with Mr. MILLS in the chair. try keep our lives committed to goals order authorizing access to grand jury The Clerk read the title of the joint great enough for free men. records. resolution. In the spirit of Christ, we pray. Amen. Since the information of interest to the By unanimous consent, the first read­ Internal Revenue Service involves records ing of the joint resolution was dispensed furnished to the grand jury by the House of with. THE JOURNAL Representatives, it is requested that the The CHAIRMAN. Under the rule, the House of Representatives authorize the De­ gentleman from New York (Mr. CELLER) The Journal of the proceedings of yes­ partment of Justice to include relevant House terday was read and approved. records and materials in our application for a will be recognized for 3 hours, and the court order granting the Internal Revenue gentleman from Ohio (Mr. McCULLOCH) Service access to grand jury information. will be recognized for 3 hours. RECESS Sincerely, The Chair recognizes the gentleman The SPEAKER. In accordance with WILL WILSON, from New York. the unanimous consent agreement Assistant Attorney General. Mr. CELLER. Mr. Chairman, I yield entered into yesterday, the Chair de­ myself such time as I may consume. clares the House in recess subject to the PERMISSION FOR COMMITTEE ON Mr. Chairman, House Joint Resolu­ call of the Chair, and the bells will be APPROPRIATIONS TO FILE PRIVI­ tion 681 contains the provisions for a rung 15 minutes before the House meets. LEDGED REPORT ON LEGISLATIVE proposed new article to the Constitution Accordingly