Georgian Art Palace
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saqarTvelos xelovnebis sasaxle Georgian Art Palace saqarTvelos kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis saministro MINISTRY OF CULTURE AND MONUMENT PROTECTION OF GEORGIA 1 2 germaneli mxatvrebi da kavkasia German Painters and the Caucasus giorgi kalandias saerTo redaqciiT General Editorship - George Kalandia 3 katalogi daibeWda saqarTvelos kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis saministros finansuri mxardaWeriT The Catalogue was published with the financial support of The Ministry Of Culture and Monument Protection of Georgia redaqtori: giorgi kalandia Editor: George Kalandia redkolegiis wevrebi: The Members of the editorial board: lili beraia Lili Beraia arCil gelovani Archil Gelovani irina saganeliZe Irine Saganelidze uSangi ruxaZe Ushangi Rukhadze lelo WiWinaZe Lelo Chichinadze malxaz ebraliZe Malkhaz Ebralidze behruz huseinzade Behruz Huseinzade dizaini: irakli zambaxiZe Design: Irakli Zambakhidze 4 winasityvaoba "germaneli mxatvrebi da kavkasia" _ albomi, romelic xelovneb- is moyvarulTa winaSe pirvelad wardga, uaRresad mniSvnelovansa da saintereso informacias moicavs. masSi Tavmoyrilia saqarTvelos xelovnebis sasaxlesa da zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebSi, saqarTve- los erovnul muzeumSi daculi, aseve kerZo pirebis: arCil gelovanis, malxaz ebraliZis, dimitri cucqiriZis, Tamar gagoSiZis da behruz huseinzades kuTvnili naxatebisa da fotoreproduqciebis koleqciebi. katalogSi warmodgenilia germaneli mxatvrebis: paul fon frankenis (1818-1884), helen kioberis (1825-?), fridrix fri- Sis (1813-1886), franc kriugeris (1797-1857), adolf ladiurn- eris (1798-1856), georg vilhem timmis (1820-1895), eduard haus (1807-1887), adalbert vaagenis (1834-1898), iosef Tomas (1828- 1899), iohanes ludvig hainrix miolleris (1814-1885) namuSevrebi. sayuradReboa is garemoeba, rom erT katalogSi pirvelad moxda am namuSevarTa Tavmoyra da naxatebis umetesobac pirvelad ibeWdeba. amdenad, vfiqrobT, warmodgenili naSromi saintereso iqneba rogorc farTo mkiTxvelis, aseve dargis specialistebisTvis. katalogSi didi adgili eTmoba zugdidis dadianeb- is sasaxleTa koleqcias. zugdidSi dacul germanul fer- werul da grafikul namuSevrebs saintereso istoria aqvs... 1857 wels, peterburgSi, mefe aleqsandre II-is koronaciaze mi- wveul dadianebis ojaxs imperatori piradad Sexvda da samegrelos taxtis memkvidres, ufliswul nikos saCuqrad oqro-vercxliT mo- varayebuli didi albomi gadasca. albomi gansakuTrebuli iyo, rad- ganac eTmoboda cnobili mxatvrebis mier Sesrulebul kavkasiur saxeebs, peizaJebs, maT Soris fridrix friSis namuSevrebis koleq- cias. monumenturi tiloebisa da bataluri scenebis ostati frid- rix friSi jer darmStadtis, Semdeg ruseTis saimperatoro karis mx- atvari iyo. aleqsandre II-is amalas kavkasiaSi mogzaurobis dros Tan axlda da yvela RirSesaniSnavi movlena qaRaldze gadahqonda. es iyo eskizebi, romelTagan mogvianebiT mxatvarma xuTi didi tilo Seqmna. friSma TiTqmis dawvrilebiT aRwera imperatoris mTeli marSruti, misi xelovnebis meSveobiT SemogvrCa kavkasiis bevri qalaqisa Tu soflis peizaJebi da, rac mTavaria, mxatvris koleqciis umetesma nawilma, dadianebis sasaxleSi moiyara Tavi. dadianebis sasaxleSi daculia germaneli mxatvris franc kriug- eris Svidi kazakis portreti. es kazakebi, savaraudod, samegreloSi msaxurobdnen da mogvianebiT Samilis naibis regularuli nawilebis winaaRmdeg zugdidis misadgomebTan ibrZodnen. yvela portreti 1851 wels aris Sesrulebuli. TiToeuli figura Ria nacrisfer qaRaldze, 5 welamde bunebrivadaa gamosaxuli, umetesoba sam meoTxedSi. mx- atvari yuradRebas uTmobs iseT detalebs, romelic portretze ga- mosaxuli kazakis eTnikur warmomavlobaze migvaniSnebs (tipaJi, Cacmuloba, iaraRi). maT Tavze axuravT dabali boxoxi, acviaT mas- rebiani Coxa, SigniT beSmeti maRali sayeloTi. es aris konkretul jariskacTa dokumenturi sizustiT asaxuli portretebi, romelic sa- varaudod naturidan sruldeboda. garda garegnuli maxasiaTeblebisa, mxatvari cdilobs gamosaxuli personaJis Sinagan samyaros Caswvdes. franc kriugeris namuSevrebi berlinis nacionalur galereaSia dac- uli. samwuxarod, franc kriugerisa da fridrix friSis saqarTvelo- Si moRvaweobis Sesaxebac sxva informacias ver mivakvlieT. sagulisxmoa, rom ucxoel xelovanTa namuSevrebi mxatvrul Rire- bulebasTan erTad, Zalze mniSvnelovan istoriul dokumentebs war- moadgenen, ramdenadac XIX saukunis saqarTvelos da aq ganviTarebul mraval mniSvnelovan istoriul movlenasa Tu pirovnebas asaxaven. miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelos xelovnebis sasaxleSi ger- maneli mxatvrebis araerTi namuSevaria daculi, XIX saukune mx- olod iosef Tomas saxiTaaa warmodgenili. naxats saxelwodebiT "saxli alpebis mTebSi" saintereso istoria aqvs. igi saqarTvelos sabWoTa socialisturi respublikis centraluri komitetis pirv- elma mdivanma vasil mJavanaZem moskovSi sakuTari koleqciisTvis SeiZina da didi xnis ganmavlobaSi mis kabinets amSvenebda. 2014 wels naxati xelovnebis sasaxlis kuTvnileba gaxda. xelovnebis es nimuSi umZimes mdgomareobaSi iyo da daaxloebiT erTi wel- iwadi dasWirda mis restavracias (restavratori: mariam imedaS- vili). amJamad tilo sasaxlis svetebian darbazSia gamofenili. yovelive zemoTqmuli kargad miuTiTebs katalogis "germane- li mxatvrebi da kavkasia" mniSvnelobaze. igi saintereso megzuri iqneba xelovnebis moyvarulTaTvis da qarTul-germanuli urTierTo- bebis erTgvar ilustraciadac gamodgeba. dasasrul, sasiamovno mov- aleobad mimaCnia, madloba gadavuxado am katalogisa da gamofenis momzadebaSi gaweuli daxmarebisaTvis kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis saministros da piradad ministrs. aseve ideis avtorebs: xelovnebis sasaxlis mzrunvelTa sabWos Tavmjdomares baton arCil gelovans da Cvens azerbaijanel kolegas baton behruz huseinzades. aseve gulwr- feli madliereba TanadgomisTvis: kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis samin- istros TanamSromels qalbaton irina saganeliZes, zugdidis dadi- anebis sasaxleebis direqtors qalbaton lili beraias, amave muzeumis saxviTi xelovnebis fondis mcvels feride afaqiZes, saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumis direqtors baton daviT lorTqifaniZes da amave muzeumis direqtoris moadgiles baton mixeil wereTels, xelovneb- is sasaxlis TanamSromlebs: qalbaton lelo WiWinaZesa da baton uSangi ruxaZes, batonebs dimitri cucqiriZesa da malxaz ebraliZes. giorgi kalandia xelovnebis sasaxlis direqtori, profesori 6 INTRODUCTION The Album “German Artists and the Caucasus”, which was published for the first time, contains highly meaningful and interesting information. It brings together collections of drawings and photographic reproductions from the museums: Art Palace, Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi, the National Museum of Georgia and also from the private collections of Archil Gelovani, Malkhaz Ebralidze, Dimitri Tsutskiridze, Tamar Gagoshidze and Behruz Huseinzade. The catalogue includes works of German painters: Paul Von Franken (1818- 1884), Ellen Köber (1825-?), Frederic Frisch (1813-1886), Franz Krüger (1797- 1857), Adolf Ladürner (1798-1856), George Wilhelm Timm (1820-1895), Edward House (1807-1887), Adalbert Waagen (1834-1898), Joseph Thomas (1828-1899), and Johannes Ludwig Heinrich Moeller (1814-1885). It should be noted that the works were collected in one catalogue for the first time. Thus, we consider that the work will be interesting for readers as well as for broad circle of specialists. The catalogue focuses on the collection of Dadianis Palaces of Zugdidi. Paint- ings by German painters kept in this museum have an interesting histories. In 1857, in St. Petersburg, the Emperor personally met family of Dadiani and the Prince of Samegrelo. They were invited to the coronation ceremony of Alexander II. Prince Niko received a gift, great album overlaid with gold and silver. The gift was special, as it contained Caucasian faces and landscapes created by famous painters. The collection also contained paintings by Fred- eric Frisch. Frederic Frisch was a painter who created monumental canvases and battle scenes first in Darmstadt; and then in Russia, as an imperial court painter. The painter accompanied Alexander II and his escort during the jour- ney around the Caucasus, and he reflected all the remarkable events on the paper. These were sketches, based on which the painter later created five great canvases. In his drawings Frisch gave detailed description almost the whole route of the Emperor. His art preserved the landscapes of many cities and vil- lages and, most importantly, nowadays big part of the collection is kept in the Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. The Portraits of Seven Cossacks created by German painter Franz Kruger are preserved in the Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. The Cossacks presumably served in Samegrelo and then fought against Shamil Naib’s military units at the outskirts of Zugdidi. All the portraits were painted in 1851. The figures depicted on light gray papers give an impression of neutrality. Most of them are made in three-quarter. The painter pays attention to the details pointing to the ethnic origin (clothing, portrait, weapon). They wear low “bobokhis” (national hat) on the top of their heads and are dressed in “chokhas” (national clothing) and “beshmets” (shirt) with high collar. These are portraits of par- ticular soldiers, conveyed with peculiar accuracy, and are probably made from 7 origin models. Besides the features of their appearances, the painter tries to understand the inner world of personages. Franz Kruger’s works are preserved in The National Gallery of Berlin. Unfortunately, we were not able to get any other information about Frederic Frisch or Franz Kruger. It is considerable, that foreign painters’ works with their artistic value rep- resent the most important historical documents, as far as they reflect XIX cen- tury Georgia, and its important historical events