Ορχιδέες Του Εθνικού Πάρκου Βόρειας Πίνδου Orchids of Northern Pindos National Park

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Ορχιδέες Του Εθνικού Πάρκου Βόρειας Πίνδου Orchids of Northern Pindos National Park Ορχιδέες του Εθνικού Πάρκου Βόρειας Πίνδου Orchids of Northern Pindos National Park ΚΕΙΜΕΝΑ - TEXTS ΣΠΥΡΟΣ ΤΣΙΦΤΣΗΣ - SPYROS TSIFTSIS ΙΩΑΝΝΗΣ ΤΣΙΡΙΠΙΔΗΣ - IOANNIS TSIRIPIDIS ΦΩΤΟΓΡΑΦΙΕΣ - PHOTOGRAPHS ΣΟΦΙΑ ΣΙΓΓΙΡΙΔΟΥ - SOFIA SIGGIRIDOU ΚΩΣΤΑΣ ΒΙΔΑΚΗΣ - KOSTAS VIDAKIS ΣΠΥΡΟΣ ΤΣΙΦΤΣΗΣ - SPYROS TSIFTSIS ΦΟΡΕΑΣ ΔΙΑΧΕΙΡΙΣΗΣ ΕΘΝΙΚΩΝ ΔΡΥΜΩΝ ΒΙΚΟΥ – ΑΩΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΠΙΝΔΟΥ MANAGEMENT AGENCY OF VIKOS-AOOS AND PINDOS NATIONAL FORESTS ΑΣΠΡAΓΓΕΛΟΙ ΔHΜΟΥ ΖΑΓΟΡIΟΥ, ΙΩAΝΝΙΝΑ - ASPRAGGELOI, ZAGORI MUNICIPALITY, IOANNINA, GREECE 2015 ΕΠΙΜΕΛΕΙΑ ΕΚΔΟΣΗΣ - EDITORIAL COORDINATION © ΦΩΤΟΓΡΑΦΙΩΝ - PHOTOGRAPHS ΣΟΦΙΑ ΣΙΓΓΙΡΙΔΟΥ & ΣΙΑ Ε.Ε. - PHOTO/GRAPHS STUDIO E.E. ΣΟΦΙΑ ΣΙΓΓΙΡΙΔΟΥ - SOFIA SIGGIRIDOU (PHOTO/GRAPHS STUDIO E.E.) ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΟΝΙΚΟΣ ΥΠΕΥΘΥΝΟΣ - CHIEF SCIENTIFIC ADVISER ΚΩΣΤΑΣ ΒΙΔΑΚΗΣ - KOSTAS VIDAKIS ΣΠΥΡΟΣ ΤΣΙΦΤΣΗΣ - SPYROS TSIFTSIS ΣΠΥΡΟΣ ΤΣΙΦΤΣΗΣ - SPYROS TSIFTSIS ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΟΝΙΚΟΣ ΣYΜΒΟΥΛΟΣ - SCIENTIFIC ADVISER Φωτογραφίες σελ. 24(δεξιά), 30: Γεώργιος Κοράκης - Photos in pages 24(right), ΙΩΑΝΝΗΣ ΤΣΙΡΙΠΙΔΗΣ - IOANNIS TSIRIPIDIS 30: Georgios Korakis ΕΠΙΜΕΛΕΙΑ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΟΥ ΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΥ - GREEK TEXT EDITING ΕΚΤΥΠΩΣΗ - PRINTING ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ Π. ΦΑΡΑΚΛΑΣ - CHRISTOS P. PHARACLAS ΜΠΑΞΑΣ GRAPHIC ARTS - BAXAS GRAPHIC ARTS ΕΠΙΜΕΛΕΙΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΟΥ ΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΥ - ENGLISH TEXT EDITING ΝΙΚΟΣ ΘΩΜΑΙΔΗΣ - NIKOS THOMAIDIS © 2015 Φ ΟΡΕΑΣ ΔΙΑΧΕΙΡΙΣΗΣ ΕΘΝΙΚΩΝ ΔΡΥΜΩΝ ΒΙΚΟΥ-ΑΩΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΠΙΝΔΟΥ ΚΑΛΛΙΤΕΧΝΙΚH ΕΠΙΜΕΛΕΙΑ - ART DIRECTOR M ANAGEMENT AGENCY OF VIKOS-AOOS AND PINDOS ΣΟΦΙΑ ΣΙΓΓΙΡΙΔΟΥ - SOFIA SIGGIRIDOU NATIONAL FORESTS © ΚΕΙΜΕΝΩΝ - TEXTS Ασπράγγελοι Δήμου Ζαγορίου, Ιωάννινα - Aspraggeloi, Zagori Municipality, Ioan- ΣΠΥΡΟΣ ΤΣΙΦΤΣΗΣ - SPYROS TSIFTSIS nina, Greece | Tel: +30 26530 22245, 22241, 22283 | Fax: +30 26530 22241 ΙΩΑΝΝΗΣ ΤΣΙΡΙΠΙΔΗΣ - IOANNIS TSIRIPIDIS e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], | Website: http://pindosnationalpark.gr ISBN 978-618-80462-1-4 Δεν επιτρέπεται η αντιγραφή, η αναπαραγωγή ή η αποθήκευση με οποιαδήποτε μέσο, ηλεκτρονικό, φωτογραφικό, μηχανικό, θεατρικό, κινηματογραφικό ή ραδιοτηλεοπτικό, και γενικά η χρήση του κειμένου ή μέρους αυτού ή αποσπάσματος με κάθε μορφή, χωρίς προηγουμένως να υπάρχει γραπτή άδεια του Φορέα Διαχείρισης Εθνικών Δρυμών Βίκου-Αώου & Πίνδου, ο οποίος είναι ο κάτοχος των πνευματικών δικαιωμάτων της έκδοσης και των φωτογραφιών. All rights reserved. No text, images or other part of this publication may be copied, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, theatrical, cinematographic, radio, television or otherwise, without the prior written consent of the Management Agency of Vikos-Aoos and Pindos National Forests, which is the copyright owner of the current edition and the photographs. Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση Επιχειρησιακό Πρόγραμμα Ευρωπαϊκό Ταμείο Περιβάλλον και Αειφόρος Ανάπτυξη Περιφερειακής Ανάπτυξης European Union Operational Programme European Regional Environment and Sustainable Development Fund Development Με τη συγχρηματοδότηση της Ελλάδας και της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης Co-Financed By Greece and the European Union Εισαγωγικό σημείωμα προέδρου του Φορέα Διαχείρισης Εθνικών Δρυμών Βίκου-Αώου και Πίνδου Foreword by the president of Management Agency of Vikos-Aoos and Pindos National Forests 5 Το Εθνικό Πάρκο Βόρειας Πίνδου The Northern Pindos National Park 7 Ο Φορέας Διαχείρισης The Management Agency 11 Βόρεια Πίνδος: μια περιοχή με ξεχωριστή χλωρίδα Northern Pindos: An area with unique flora 13 Τα σημαντικότερα οικοσυστήματα της βόρειας Πίνδου The most important ecosystems of northern Pindos 15 Πού οφείλεται η υψηλή αξία διατήρησης των φυσικών οικοσυστημάτων και της χλωρίδας της Πίνδου; Where is the high conservation value of the natural ecosystems and the vegetation of Pindos attributed to? 33 H οικογένεια των ορχεοειδών The orchid family 45 Η μορφολογία των ορχεοειδών The morphology of orchids 46 Η βιολογία των ορχεοειδών The biology of orchids 52 Ιδιαιτερότητες του Εθνικού Πάρκου Βόρειας Πίνδου The uniqueness of Northern Pindos National Park 58 Ορχιδέες του Εθνικού Πάρκου Βόρειας Πίνδου Orchids of Northern Pindos National Park 63 Ευρετήριο κοινών ελληνικών ονομάτων Index of common names in Greek 198 Ευρετήριο κοινών αγγλικών ονομάτων Index of common names in English 199 Ευρετήριο επιστημονικών ονομάτων Index of scientific names 200 Ενδεικτική Βιβλιογραφία Selected bibliography 204 Εισαγωγικό σημείωμα Foreword Η γεωγραφική θέση της προστατευόμενης περιοχής του Εθνικού The location, the diverse terrain, the variety of geological for- Πάρκου Βόρειας Πίνδου, το πολυσχιδές ανάγλυφο, η ποικιλία των mations and rocks and the climate, characterise the Northern γεωλογικών σχηματισμών και πετρωμάτων, καθώς και το κλίμα της, Pindos National Park as an area of unique ecological and την κατατάσσουν στις περιοχές μοναδικής οικολογικής και περιβαλ- environmental value at national, European and global level. λοντικής αξίας σε εθνικό, ευρωπαϊκό και παγκόσμιο επίπεδο. The Management Agency of the National Forests of Vikos- Ο Φορέας Διαχείρισης Εθνικών Δρυμών Βίκου-Αώου και Πίνδου Aoos and Pindos -as guardian of the ecological, aesthetic, ως θεματοφύλακας των οικολογικών, αισθητικών, πολιτιστικών κ.ά. cultural and other values of the National Park- put con- αξιών του Εθνικού Πάρκου καταβάλλει αδιάλειπτες προσπάθειες για tinuous efforts on protecting, managing and promoting την προστασία, τη διαχείριση και την ανάδειξή του έχοντας ως προ- the National Park. The agency’s priority is the sustainable τεραιότητα τη βιώσιμη και αειφόρο ανάπτυξη, καθώς και τη συνέχιση development of the National Park and the preservation of της αρμονικής μακραίωνης ανθρώπινης παρουσίας σε αυτή την απα- the harmonious, centuries-old human presence in this area ράμιλλης ομορφιάς περιοχή. of unparalleled beauty. Στην παρούσα έκδοση παρουσιάζεται ένα σημαντικό κομμάτι του The current edition presents an important part of the natural φυσικού πλούτου του Εθνικού Πάρκου και πιο συγκεκριμένα τα wealth of the National Park and specifically orchids, plants Ορχεοειδή, φυτά τα οποία τείνουν να γίνουν όλο και πιο σπάνια στην which tend to become increasingly rare to Greek nature. ελληνική φύση. Αν και οι ορχιδέες προστατεύονται από την ευρωπα- Although orchids are protected under European and Greek ϊκή και την ελληνική νομοθεσία, η καταστροφή των βιοτόπων τους, η laws, the destruction of their habitats, overgrazing and illegal υπερβόσκηση και η παράνομη συλλογή του υπόγειου βολβού τους, collecting of their underground bulbs, create significant risks δημιουργούν σημαντικούς κινδύνους για τους πληθυσμούς τους. to their populations. Η συγκεκριμένη έκδοση μέσα από την επιστημονική τεκμηρίωση και This edition, through scientific documentation and rich pho- το πλούσιο φωτογραφικό υλικό ευελπιστεί να λειτουργήσει ως ένας tographic material, hopes to serve as a detailed guide for λεπτομερής οδηγός για την αναγνώριση των αυτοφυών (άγριων) the recognition of native (wild) species, as a promotion tool ειδών, ως εργαλείο προβολής και ανάδειξης μιας ιδιαίτερης μορφής of a particular form of expression of the biodiversity of our έκφρασης της βιοποικιλότητας της περιοχής μας αλλά κυρίως ως region, but mainly as a means of environment information μέσο περιβαλλοντικής ενημέρωσης και ευαισθητοποίησης. and awareness. Άλλωστε, η διατήρηση και προστασία του φυσικού περιβάλλοντος After all, the preservation and protection of the natural είναι προνόμιο και καθήκον όχι μόνο της Πολιτείας αλλά και των environment is a privilege and a duty of the State and the πολιτών. citizens. Dr. Georgios Mallinis Δρ. Γεώργιος Μαλλίνης Δασολόγος – Περιβαλλοντολόγος, Forester - Environmentalist, Επικ. Καθηγητής Δημοκριτείου Πανεπιστημίου Θράκης, Assistant Professor – Democritus University of Thrace Πρόεδρος του Διοικητικού Συμβουλίου του Φορέα Διαχείρισης Εθνικών President of the Board of the Management Agency Δρυμών Βίκου–Αώου και Πίνδου of Vikos–Aoos and Pindos National Forests Δάση λευκόδερμου πεύκης στη Βάλια Κάλντα. Bosnian pine forests in Valia Kalda. 6 | Ορχιδέες του Εθνικού Πάρκου Βόρειας Πίνδου / Orchids of Northern Pindos National Park ο Εθνικό Πάρκο Βόρειας Πίνδου βρίσκεται στο βορειοδυτικό he Northern Pindos National Park is located in the north- τμήμα της οροσειράς της Πίνδου. Με έκταση 1.969.741 στρέμ- western part of Pindos mountain range. It is the largest ματα, αποτελεί το μεγαλύτερο χερσαίο Εθνικό Πάρκο της χώρας. terrestrial National Park in Greece extending to an area Διοικητικά ανήκει στους Νομούς Ιωαννίνων και Γρεβενών και of 486,733.60 acres. It falls under the jurisdiction of the περιλαμβάνει σχεδόν ολόκληρο το Ζαγόρι, περιοχές της Κόνιτσας Prefectures of Ioannina and Grevena and includes almost και του Μετσόβου, καθώς και το δυτικό τμήμα του Νομού Γρεβενών. the entire Zagori area, areas of Konitsa and Metsovo and the western part of Grevena Prefecture. Η ιδιαίτερη οικολογική αξία του Εθνικού Πάρκου συνίσταται στην παρουσία πολλών ενδημικών, σπάνιων και προστατευόμενων The unique ecological value of the National Park is attrib- ειδών φυτών και απειλούμενων ζώων, στα οποία περιλαμβάνονται uted to the presence of many endemic, rare and protected σχεδόν όλα τα μεγάλα θηλαστικά της Ελλάδας. Η μεγάλη ποικιλό- plant species and endangered animals, including almost τητα των ειδών οφείλεται και στην τεράστια ποικιλία ενδιαιτημάτων. all large mammals of Greece. The high species’ diversity is Θαμνότοποι, λιβάδια και πυκνά δάση, βραχώδεις εξάρσεις, φαράγ- due to the huge variety of habitats. Shrublands, meadows για, ορθοπλαγιές, λιθώνες, σπήλαια και βάραθρα που συνθέτουν and dense forests, rocky formations, canyons, cliffs,
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  • Structure and History of Hellenides
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