Ali Nihat Gökyiğit Botanical Garden Aplication and Research Center

E-ISSN:2667-4386 http://turkbiod.artvin.edu.tr

TURKISH JOURNAL OF BIODIVERSITY

Volume: 1 Issue:1 December 2018

An international peer-reviewed open acces Journal is published electronically Turkish Journal of Biodiversity Journal homepage: http://turkbiod.artvin.edu.tr http://dergipark.gov.tr/biodiversity All manuscripts should be submitted via electronic submission

Volume 1 ● Issue 1 ● 2018 E-ISSN:2667-4386

Owner Prof. Dr. Özgür EMİNAĞAOĞLU, Director ● On behalf of the Artvin Çoruh University Ali Nihat Gökyiğit Botanical Garden Aplication and Research Center

Editor-in-Chief Prof. Dr. Özgür EMİNAĞAOĞLU ● Artvin Çoruh University, ● [email protected]

Editorial Board

Prof. Dr. Gökhan ABAY, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Turkey Prof. Dr. Ali Mohammad KHORSHİDDOUST, University of Tabriz, Iran Dr. Karen AGHABABYAN, American University of Armenia, Armenia Prof. Dr. Rusudan KHUKHUNAİSHVİLİ, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State Universty, Prof. Dr. Emine AKALIN, İstanbul University, Turkey Georgia Prof. Dr. Süleyman AKBULUT, Düzce University, Turkey Prof. Dr. Orest KİYKO, Ukrainian National Forestry University, Ukraine Assoc. Prof. Dr. Halil AKINCI, Artvin Çoruh University, Turkey Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ferit KOCAÇINAR, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Turkey, Prof. Dr. Ünal AKKEMİK, İstanbul University, Turkey Prof. Dr. Coşkun KÖSE, İstanbul University - Cerrahpaşa, Turkey, Prof. Dr. H. Aşkın AKPULAT, Cumhuriyet University, Turkey Prof. Dr. Latif KURT, Ankara University, Turkey Assoc. Prof. Dr. Alla ALEKSANYAN, Institute of Botany of National Academy of Prof. Dr. Figen MERT, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey Sciences of Armenia, Armenia Prof. Dr. İlkay ERDOĞAN ORHAN, Gazi University, Turkey Prof. Dr. Hakan ALTINÇEKİÇ, İstanbul University – Cerrahpaşa, Turkey Prof. Dr. Zafer ÖLMEZ, Artvin Çoruh University, Turkey Prof. Dr. Şule ARI, İstanbul University, Turkey Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mehmet ÖZALP, Artvin Çoruh University, Turkey Prof. Dr. Meral AVCI, İstanbul University, Turkey Assoc. Prof. Dr. Melahat ÖZCAN, Artvin Çoruh University, Turkey Dr. Funda ERŞEN BAK, Artvin Coruh University, Turkey Prof. Dr. Engin ÖZHATAY, Istanbul Yeni Yüzyıl University, Turkey Prof.Dr. Kemal Hüsnü Can BAŞER, University, Turkish Republic of Prof. Dr. Fatma Neriman ÖZHATAY, Eastern Mediterranean University, Turkish Northern Cyprus Republic of Northern Cyprus Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ayşegül TOKİS BAYRAMOĞLU, Artvin Çoruh University, Turkey Dr. Gerald PAROLLY, Free University of Berline, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Gökhan BAYRAMOĞLU, Artvin Çoruh University, Turkey Prof. Dr. Franco PEDROTTİ, University of Camerino, , Prof. Dr. C. Can BİLGİN, Orta Doğu Teknik University, Turkey Prof. Dr. HÜSEYİN PEKER, Artvin Çoruh University, Turkey, Dr. Sabina BUNYATOVA, Azerbaijan National Academy of Science, Azerbaijan Assoc. Prof Dr. Ia PİPİA, Agricultural University of Georgia, Georgia Feyza CANDAN, CELÂL BAYAR ÜNİVERSİTESİ, Turkey Prof. Dr. Mehmet SABAZ, Bartın University, Turkey Prof. Dr. Roberto CANULLO, Università degli studi di Camerino, Italy Prof. Dr. Ertugrul SESLİ, Karadeniz Teknik University, Turkey Prof. Dr. António Maria Luis CRESPİ, UTAD, Prof. Dr. Atalay SÖKMEN, Konya Gıda ve Tarım University, Turkey Prof. Dr. İffet ÇANKAYA, Hacettepe University, Turkey Dr. Ulyana N. SPİRİNA, Tver State University, Russia Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kerim ÇİÇEK, Ege University, Turkey Dr. P. Seçkinozan ŞEKER, Artvin Çoruh University, Turkey Prof. Dr. Günay Tülay ÇOLAKOĞLU, Marmara University, Turkey, Prof. Dr. Fahrettin TİLKİ, Artvin Çoruh University, Turkey, Prof. Dr. İbrahim DEMİRTAŞ, Çankırı Karatekin University, Turkey, Prof. Dr. Göksel TOZLU, Atatürk University, Turkey Prof. Dr. Ramazan ERENLER, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Turkey, Prof. Dr. Osman TUGAY, Selçuk University, Turkey Prof. Dr. Georgi FAYVUSH, Institute of Botany of National Academy of Sciences of Prof. Dr. Güray UYAR, Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University, Turkey Armenia, Armenia Prof. Dr. Cem VURAL, Erciyes University, Turkey Prof. Dr. Temel GÖKTÜRK, Artvin Çoruh University, Turkey Prof.Dr. Atilla YILDIZ, Ankara University, Turkey, Prof. Dr. Gazi GÖRÜR, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Turkey Prof. Dr. Oktay YILDIZ, Düzce University, Turkey Prof. Dr. Selçuk GÜMÜŞ, Karadeniz Teknik University, Turkey Assoc. Dr. Hatice ÇINAR YILMAZ, , İstanbul University – Cerrahpaşa, Turkey Prof. Dr. Zeki KAYA, Orta Doğu Teknik University, Turkey Prof. Dr. Turan YÜKSEK, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Turkey

Managing Editor ● Dr. Hayal AKYILDIRIM BEĞEN

Editorial Staff ● Dr. Funda ERŞEN BAK, Dr. Hayal AKYILDIRIM BEĞEN, Dr. Emrah YÜKSEL Language Editors (English) ● Dr. Hüseyin EFE, Dr. Hakan GÜLTEKİN, Hakan YENİÇERİ

I

Contents Volume 1 ● Issue 1 ● December 2018

Research Articles

Contributions to the fauna of Kılıçkaya (Yusufeli, Artvin, Turkey) Kılıçkaya (Yusufeli, Artvin, Turkey) Faunasına Katkılar Temel GÖKTÜRK ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1-10

Endemik betulifolia ve C. choruhensis ()’in anatomik özellikleri ve koruma durumları Anatomical characteristics and conservation status of endemic Campanula betulifolia and C. choruhensis (Campanulaceae) Melahat ÖZCAN, Özgür EMİNAĞAOĞLU ………………………………………………………………………………….…… 11-16

The flora of Alanbası and Bakırtepe villages (Yusufeli, Artvin, Turkey) and its surroundings Alanbası ve Bakırtepe (Yusufeli, Artvin, Turkey) ve çevresinin florası Hayal AKYILDIRIM BEĞEN, Emrah YÜKSEL ……………………………………………………………………………………. 17-23

Lota Gölleri (Sivas, Turkey) ve Çevresinin Florası Flora of Lota Lakes (Sivas, Turkey) and its surroundings Hüseyin Aşkın AKPULAT………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 24-33

The flora of Dereiçi village (Yusufeli, Artvin, Turkey) and its surroundings Dereiçi köyü (Yusufeli, Artvin, Turkey) ve çevresinin florası Emrah YÜKSEL, Hayal AKYILDIRIM BEĞEN…………………………………………………………………………………….. 34-40

II Turkish Journal of Biodiversity

Turk J Biod, Dec 2018, 1(1): 1-10 Journal homepage: http://turkbiod.artvin.edu.tr/ http://dergipark.gov.tr/biodiversity E-ISSN:2667-4386

RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Contributions to the fauna of Kılıçkaya (Yusufeli, Artvin, Turkey)

Kılıçkaya (Yusufeli, Artvin, Turkey) faunasına katkılar

Temel GÖKTÜRK Department of Forest Engineering, Faculty of Forestry, Artvin Coruh University, 08000, Artvin Turkey.

Article Info ABSTRACT ©2018 Ali Nihat Gökyiğit Botanical This study was carried out between 2016 and 2017 (spring, summer and autumn months) in order to Garden Aplication and Research Center determine the fauna of Kılıckaya village and its surroundings in the Yusufeli district in the northeast of of Artvin Coruh University. Artvin province in the Eastern Black Sea Region. Kılıçkaya and the surrounding area; A total of 114 Corresponding author: were identified including 18 mammals, 25 birds, 2 reptiles, 2 amphibians and 67 e-mail:[email protected] invertebrates. No endemic fauna species were found in Kılıçkaya and its environs. The threat ORCID: 0000-0003-4064-4225 categories of 47 taxa were evaluated according to the IUCN threat category. The distributions of the Article history identified species by IUCN threat category are 1 NT, 14 VU, 32 LC. 36 species observed in the study Received: December 20, 2018 area are subject to Bern Convention. Received in revised form: December 29, 2018 ÖZ Accepted: December 30, 2018 Bu çalışma, Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde yer alan Artvin ilinin kuzeydoğusundaki Yusufeli ilçe sınırları Available online: December 30, 2018 içinde bulunan Kılıckaya köyü ve çevresinin faunasını belirlemek amacıyla 2016-2017 yılları (ilkbahar, Citation yaz ve sonbahar ayları) arasında yapılmıştır. Kılıçkaya ve çevresinde; 18 Memeli, 25 Kuş, 2 Sürüngen, To cite this article: Göktürk T (2018). 2 Amfibi ve 67 Omurgasız (Böcek) olmak üzere toplam 114 hayvan türü tespit edilmiştir. Kılıçkaya ve Contributions to the fauna of Kılıçkaya çevresinde endemik fauna türü bulunamamıştır. IUCN tehlike kategorilerine göre 47 taksonun tehlike (Yusufeli, Artvin, Turkey). Turk J Biod durumu değerlendirilmiştir. Tespit edilen türlerden tehlike kategorilerine göre dağılımı 1 NT, 14 VU, 1(1): 1-10 32 LC şeklindedir. Çalışma alanında gözlemlenen 36 tür Bern sözleşmesine tabidir.

This is an Open Access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses /by/4.0/).

Keywords: Artvin, Fauna, Animal diversity, Kılıçkaya, Yusufeli, Turkey. Anahtar kelimeler: Artvin, Fauna, Hayvan çeşitliliği, Kılıçkaya, Yusufeli, Türkiye.

differences create a very rich biodiversity (Benda & 1. INTRODUCTION Horacek, 1998; Demirsoy et al., 1996; Kence et al., 1996; Natural resources of a region or country are indispensable Yigit et al., 2002). for human life. Biodiversity refers to the diversity of life Agriculture, forests, mountains, prairie, wetlands, coastal styles: different , and microorganisms and marine ecosystems and different forms of these enrich the region and form ecosystems (Salwasser, 1990; ecosystems are located in Turkey (Atalay, 1994; Kaya & Langner, 1994). Raynal, 2001). Its diverse habitat types, ranging from Turkey to take part in the Asian and European continents; coastal to Alpine, contribute to the rich biological has caused various ecological conditions, various diversity of the country (Arancli, 2002). Biodiversity geological formations and different climates. These sources include several agricultural species, forest

1 | Göktürk T (2018). Turkish Journal of Biodiversity 1(1): 1-10. Contributions to the fauna of Kılıçkaya (Yusufeli, Artvin, Turkey)

species, medicinal and aromatic plants, animal species and its surroundings was taken into consideration. In the and migratory birds (Arancli, 2002). According to the meantime, the information we have obtained in the past latest data; 460 bird, 161 mammal, 141 reptile species are years, the information gathered by contacting the local known to live in Turkey (Demirsoy et al., 2005; Demirayak, people and the EIA report prepared by DSI (State 2002). The number of species identified in Turkey Hydraulic Works) in the scope of the Yusufeli Dam were is about 30,000, but the number is estimated between also taken into consideration (Anonymous, 2018b). 60,000 and 80,000 (Anonymous, 2014).

Anatolia is one of the rare places in the world in terms of its geological history and ecological characteristics. It has been the genetic center for many species both in the area of shelter and in geological periods. It is regarded as one of the most exceptional places in terms of biodiversity due to its unique location in the periphery of three continents (Kislalioglu & Berkes, 1987; Kurtonur et al., 1996). Figure 1. The Fauna Existence Study Area

Artvin is one of the most prominent cities in the Eastern Periodically by visiting the study area and observing the Black Sea Region. In the studies conducted in Artvin so far; area, animal species living in the region were determined. 55 mammal, 216 bird, 309 species were also Also in the study there is a variety of fauna and is determined in the presence (Gokturk, 2009; Gokturk et mentioned. According to the IUCN (2018) categories, with al., 2009; Gokturk, 2011; Gokturk et al., 2011). their relative abundance, population trends and distribution area are given in Tab 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. The tables This study aimed at determining the faunistic content of of identified animal species were formed according to the Kılıçkaya and surroundings, which are within the Yusufeli Continental Fauna Table and attempted to be assessed. district limits of the province Artvin, Northeast of the Eastern Black Sea Region, between 2016 and 2017. The works of Corbet (1978) and Wilson and Reeder (1993) have been used for systematic classification of the species 2. MATERIAL AND METHOD identified in the study areas. Turkish names of the species, on the other hand, were taken from Mitchell- Kılıçkaya is district of Artvin Province in the Black Sea Jones et al. (1999) and Kızıroğlu (1989). region of Turkey (Figure, 1). It is located 104 km south- west of the city of Artvin (Anonymous, 2018a). The 3. RESULTS research area under review takes place in Colchic province of Euro-Siberian floristic area of Holarctic region By field studies, information gathered from the 45 local and is found in the A9 square according to grid system of people and studies implemented previously on the field, Davis. The study area lies between 520 and 3202 m it has been established that it is possible for 18 Mammals, elevation above the sea level. 25 Birds, 2 Reptiles, 2 Amphibians, and 67 Invertebrates () of a total of 114 animal species were identified Firstly a literature review was conducted to identify the on Kılıçkaya and its surroundings. The Turkish names, species that could be found Kılıçkaya and surroundings. A protection and threat status according to national and list of the publications of the researchers in the Eastern international criteria, and habitats and habitat functions Black Sea Region and the species that can be found in the of the species identified in the study area are summarized region has been tried to be established. The existing in Tables. species have been tried to be determined at every 15 days by visiting and scanning the study area. By making observations in the region, the animals were determined according to the flora structure (Table, 1). Only the diversity of fauna that could exist and exist in Kılıçkaya

2 | Göktürk T (2018). Turkish Journal of Biodiversity 1(1): 1-10. Contributions to the fauna of Kılıçkaya (Yusufeli, Artvin, Turkey)

Table 1. National and international key to terrestrial fauna KEY TO TERRESTRIAL FAUNA TABLES (NATIONAL CONCERN) T.S. (A.D.) HABİTAT FUNCTION THREAT STATUS (according to Demirsoy et al., 2005) B: Breeding E : Endangered Nt: Widespread, abundant F: Feeding Ex : Extinct O: Out of danger N: Nesting I : Indeterminate R: Rare T: Transit (migration for birds or while flying) K : Insufficient known V: Vulnerable Status in Turkey (Turan, 1990; Kirizoglu, 2000) OBSERVED IN HABITAT TYPE (only for birds) 1. Valley bed along river shorelines 6. Cultivated areas Y: Non-migratory species 2. Xerophytes shrubs 7. Bare rocks YG : Species that migrate in the summer 3. Rocky areas 8. Settlements KG: Species that migrate in the winter 4. Step 9. River G : Migratory species 5. Forest area N : Rare species REFERANCE O: Observation C: Communication with locals L: Literature H.R. = HUNTING RESTRICTIONS (According to Central Hunting Commission [MAK] 2017-2018) App 1 : Wildlife species protected by Ministry of Environment and Forestry, hunting of which is prohibited App 2: Game animals protected by MAK, hunting of which is prohibited for specified years hunting season App 3: Game animals allowed to be hunted in predefined season by MAK KEY TO TERRESTRIAL FAUNA TABLES (INTERNATIONAL CONCERN) IUCN (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) (IUCN: The International Union for Conservation of Nature) (IUCN, 2018) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria EX: Extinct NT: Near threatened EW: Extinct in the wild LC: Least concern CR: Critically endangered DD: Data deficient EN: Endangered NE: Not evaluated VU: Vulnerable App 1: Species threatened with extinction. Trade in specimens of these species is permitted only in exceptional circumstances. App 2: Species not necessarily threatened with extinction, but their trade must be controlled to avoid utilization incompatible with their survival. App3: Species protected in at least one country, and their trading is under control by CITES (2017). BERN (Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats) (BERN, 1992) Anx 2 (Annex 2):Strictly Protected Fauna Species Anx 3 (Annex 3):Protected Fauna Species

Table 2. Mammal species that have been identified and are possible to exist in Kılıçkaya and its surroundings

International Concern National Concern Habitat Habitat COMMON NAME IUCN BERN CITES T.S. H.R. Function REF. Type MAMMALS

Turkish English Anx2 Anx3 App1 App2 App3 (A.D) App1 App2 App3 1 INSECTIVORA 1 Erinaceidae 1 Erinaceus concolor Kirpi Hedgehog LC – – – – – nt x – – O,C,L 1,2 B-F-N (Martin, 1838) 2 Soricidae 2 Sorex minutus Cücefare Pygmy Shrew LC – x – – – nt – – – L 1,6 B-F-N 2 CHIROPTERA(Linnaeus,1758) 3 Rhinolophidae1758)1766) 3 Rhinolophus hipposideros Küçük Lesser LC x – – – – V x – – L 5 B-F-N (Bechstein, 1800) Nalburunlu Horseshoe 4 Vespertilionidae Yarasa 4 Miniopterus schreibersi Uzunkanatlı Schreiber'sBat Bat NT x – – – – V x – – L 3,5,8 B-F-N (Kuhl, 1819) 3 LAGOMORPHA Yarasa 5 Leporidae 5 Lepus capensis (Linnaeus, Tavşan Brown Hare LC – x – – – nt – – x O,C, 2,4,5,6 B-F-N 1758) L 4 RODENTIA 6 Muridae

3 | Göktürk T (2018). Turkish Journal of Biodiversity 1(1): 1-10. Contributions to the fauna of Kılıçkaya (Yusufeli, Artvin, Turkey)

International Concern National Concern Habitat Habitat COMMON NAME IUCN BERN CITES T.S. H.R. Function REF. Type MAMMALS

Turkish English Anx2 Anx3 App1 App2 App3 (A.D) App1 App2 App3

6 Apodemus sylvaticus Orman Faresi Wood Mouse LC – – – – – nt – – – C, L 1,5,6,8 B-F-N (Linnaeus, 1758)

7 Apodemus mystacinus Kayalık Faresi Broad-toothed LC – – – – – nt – – – C, L 1,3,5,6,8 B-F-N (Danford &Alston, 1877) Mouse 5 CARNIVORA 7 Felidae 8 Lynx lynx (Linnaeus, 1758) Vaşak Eurasian Lynx LC – - x x – E X - – O,C, 3,5 B-F-N 8 Mustelidae L 9 Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, Gelincik Least weasel LC – x – – – nt – x – O,C,L 1,3,5,6 B-F-N 1766 10 Mustela erminea Büyük Gelincik Stoats LC – x – – – nt x L 1,2,3,5,6 B-F-N Linnaeus, 1758 11 Meles meles (Linnaeus, Porsuk Eurasian LC – x – – – R – x – O,C,L 1,2,3,4,5,6 B-F-N 1758) Badger 9 Canidae 12 Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus, Tilki Red Fox LC – – – – x nt – – x O,C,L 1,2,3,4,5,6 B-F-N 1758) 13 Canis lupus (Linnaeus, Kurt Gray Wolf LC x – – X – R/V x – – O,C,L 4,5 B-F-N 1758) 14 Canis aureus (Linnaeus, Çakal Goldschakal LC – – – X – nt – – x O,C,L 3,5 B-F-N 1758) 10 Ursidae 15 Ursus arctos (Linnaeus, Bozayı Brown Bears LC x – – X – V x – – O,C,L 5 B-F-N 1758) 6 ARTIODACTYLA 11 Bovidae 16 Capra aegagrus Yaban Keçisi Wild Goats VU x – – – – nt/E x x – O,C,L 2,3,5 F (Erxleben, 1777) 17 Rupicapra rupicapra Ç. B. Dağ Keçisi Alpine Chamois LC – x – – – nt/E x x – O,C,L 2,3,5 B-F-N (Linnaeus, 1758) 12 Suidae 18 Sus scrofa scrofa Yaban Domuzu Eurasia Wild LC - - - - - nt x x - O,C,L 2,3,5 B-F-N (Linnaeus, 1758) Ping

Table 3. Bird species that have been identified and are possible to exist in the Kılıçkaya and its surroundings

International Importance Status in Habitat Habitat COMMON NAME National Importance BIRDS Turkish English Turkey Types Function IUCN BERN CITES Annex Annex Annex Annex Annex Annex Annex Annex Y YG KG G N 1 FALCONIFORMES 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 ACCIPITRIDAE Accipiter nisus Atmaca Eurasian 1 LC x x x x 2,4,5,7 B,F,T (Linnaeus, 1758) Sparrowhawk The long- Buteo rufinus 2 Kızıl şahin legged LC x x x x 2,3,6,7 F,T (Cretzschmar, 1829) buzzard Buteo buteo Eurasian 3 Arı Şahini LC x x x x 2,3,6 F,T (Linnaeus, 1758) Buzzard Aquila chrysaetos 4 Kaya kartalı Golden Eagle LC x x x x 3,5,7 B,F,T (Linnaeus, 1758) European Pernis apivorus 5 Arıcıl Honey- LC x x x x 3,5,7 F,T (Linnaeus, 1758) buzzard

4 | Göktürk T (2018). Turkish Journal of Biodiversity 1(1): 1-10. Contributions to the fauna of Kılıçkaya (Yusufeli, Artvin, Turkey)

Status in International Importance National Importance Habitat Habitat COMMON NAME Turkey BIRDS Types Function Turkish English IUCN BERN CITES

Annex Annex Annex Annex Annex Annex Annex Annex Y YG KG G N 2 FALCONIDAE 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 Falco Subbuteo Delice Eurasian 6 LC x x x x 2,4,5 F,T (Linnaeus, 1758) doğan Hobby 2 STRIGIFORMES 3 STRIGIDAE Kulaklı Northern Asio otus 7 orman Long-eared LC x x x x 5 F,T (Linnaeus, 1758) baykuşu Owl 3 CORACIIFORMES 4 MEROPIDAE Merops apiaster European 8 Arı kuşu LC x - - - x x 1,4,5,8 F,T (Linnaeus, 1758) Bee-eater 4 PICIFORMES 5 PICIDAE Küçük Lesser Dryobates minör 9 ağaçkakan spotted LC x - - - x x 5 F,T (Linnaeus, 1758) woodpecker 5 PASSERIFORMES 6 CINCLIDAE Derekuşu White- Cinclus cinclus 10 throated LC x - - - x x 1 B,F,T (Linnaeus, 1758) Dipper 7 TURDIDAE Turdus merula Karatavuk Common 11 LC x - - - x x 3,4,5,6 B,F,T (Linnaeus, 1758) blackbird 8 PARIDAE Parus major Büyük 12 Great tit LC x - - - x x 1,5,8 B,F,T (Linnaeus, 1758) baştankarası 9 LANIIDAE Kızıl Sırtlı Lanius collurio Burmese 13 Örümcek LC x - - - x x 2,4,5 F,T (Lesson, 1834) shrike Kuşu 10 CORVIDAE Pica pica Eurasian 14 Saksağan LC - - - - - x x 1,4,5,6 F,T (Linnaeus, 1758) magpie Corvus frugilegus 15 Ekinkargası Rook LC - - - - - x x 1,4,5,6,8 B,F,T (Linnaeus, 1758) Corvus corax Common 16 Kuzgun LC x - - - x x 1,3,5 B,F,T (Linnaeus, 1758) raven 11 STURNIDAE Sturnus vulgaris Sığırcık Common 17 LC - - - - - x x 1,4,5,6,8 B,F,T (Linnaeus, 1758) starling 12 PASSERIDAE Passer domesticus Ev serçesi House 18 LC - - - - - x x 1,4,5,6,8 B,F,T (Linnaeus, 1758) sparlow Passer montanus Dağ serçesi Eurasian tree 19 LC x - - - x X 1,4,5,6,8 B,F,T (Linnaeus, 1758) sparrow 13 FRINGILLIDAE Carduelis carduelis 20 Goldfinch LC x - - - x x 1,4,5,6,8 B,F,T (Linnaeus, 1758) Saka 6 COLUMBIFORMES 14 COLUMBIDAE Columba livia Kaya 21 Rock Dove LC x - - - x x 3,6,8 B,F,T (Gmelin, 1789) güvercini Streptopelia Kumru Eurasian 22 decaocto LC x - - - x x 6,8 B,F,T collared dove (Frivaldszky, 1838)

5 | Göktürk T (2018). Turkish Journal of Biodiversity 1(1): 1-10. Contributions to the fauna of Kılıçkaya (Yusufeli, Artvin, Turkey)

Status in International Importance National Importance Habitat Habitat COMMON NAME Turkey BIRDS Types Function Turkish English IUCN BERN CITES

Annex Annex Annex Annex Annex Annex Annex Annex Y YG KG G N 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 7 GALLIFORMES

15 PHASIANIDAE Alectoris chukar Chukar 23 Kınalı keklik LC x - - - x x 2,3,4,5 B,F,T (Gray, 1830) partridge Coturnix coturnix Common 24 Bıldırcın LC x - - - x x x 2,4,6 F,T (Linnaeus, 1758) quail 8 CUCULIFORMES

16 CUCULIDAE Cuculus canorus Gugukkuşu Common 25 - x - - - x x 5, 8 B,F,T (Linnaeus, 1758) cuckoo

Table 4. Reptile Species that have been identified and are possible to exist in Kılıçkaya and its surroundings International Importance National Importance HABITAT HABITAT COMMON NAME IUCN BERN CITES T.S. H.R. Ref. TYPE FUNCTION REPTILES Turkish English (A.D.) Annex Annex Annex Annex Annex Annex Annex Annex

2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3

1 SQUAMATA 1 Lacertidae 1 Ophisops elegans Tarla Snake-eyed O,C,L 4,6 B,F,N LC x – – – – nt x – – (Menetries, 1832) Kertenkelesi lizard 2 Colubridae –– 2 Eirenis modestus Uysal Yılan Ring-headed O,C,L 6,8 F,N LC – x – – – nt x – – (Martin, 1838) dwarf snake

Table 5. Amphibians that have been identified and are possible to exist in Kılıçkaya and its surroundings COMMON NAME International Importance National Importance SOURCE HABITAT HABITAT Turkish English IUCN BERN CITES T.S. H.R. TYPE FUNCTION

AMPHIBIANS (A.D.)

Annex Annex Annex Annex Annex Annex Annex Annex 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 ANURA 1 Ranidae 1 Rana ridibunda Ova Marsh frog LC – x – – – nt – – – G,L 1 B,F,N (Pallas, 1771) Kurbağası 2 Bufonidae 2 Bufo viridis (Laurenti, Gece European LC x – – – – nt – – – G,L 1 B,F,N 1768) Kurbağası green toad

Table 6. Insect Species that have been identified and are possible to 3 Chrysopa formosa (Brauer, 1850) exist in Kılıçkaya and its surroundings 4 Dichochrysa prasina (Burmeister, 1839) INVERTEBRATES (INSECTS) 3 HETEROPTERA 1 ODONATA 4 Pentatomidae 1 Cordulegasteridae 5 Aelia acuminata (Linnaeus, 1758) 1 Cordulegaster insignis (Schneider, 1845) 6 Carpocoris fuscispinus (Boheman, 1851) 2 Aeshnidae 7 Graphosoma semipunctatum (Fabricius, 1775) 2 Anax imperator (Leach, 1815) 5 Reduvidae 2 NEUROPTERA 8 Reduvius personatus (Linnaeus, 1758) 3 Chrysopidae 6 Lygaeidae

6 | Göktürk T (2018). Turkish Journal of Biodiversity 1(1): 1-10. Contributions to the fauna of Kılıçkaya (Yusufeli, Artvin, Turkey)

INVERTEBRATES (INSECTS) 45 Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) 9 Lygaeus equestris (Linnaeus, 1758) 7 COLEOPTERA 4 HOMOPTERA 21 Carabidae 7 Cercopidae 46 Carabus scabrosus (Olivier, 1795) 10 Cercopis sanguinolenta (Scopoli, 1763) 47 Cicindela campestris (Linnaeus, 1758) 8 Cicadellidae 22 Coccinellidae 11 Cicadella viridis (Linnaeus, 1758) 48 Coccinella semptempunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) 5 23 Cetonidae 9 Pieridae 49 Cetonia aurata (Linnaeus, 1761) 12 Pieris rapae (Linnaeus, 1758) 50 Tropinota hirta (Poda 1761) 13 Pieris napi Linnaeus,1758 24 Buprestidae 14 Pieris brassicae (L, 1758) 51 Capnodis tenebrionis (Linnaeus 1761) 15 Pontia chloridice (Hübner, 1813) 52 Anthaxia fulgurans (Schrank, 1789 16 Gonepteryx farinosa (Zeller, 1847) 53 Coraebus rubi (Linnaeus, 1767) 17 Aporia crategi Linnaeus 1758 25 Cleridae 10 Lycaenidae 54 Trichodes suturalis Seidlitz, 1891 18 Lycaena phlaeas (Linnaeus, 1761) 55 Trichodes apiarius (Linnaeus, 1758) 19 Lycaena alciphron (Rottemburg, 1775) 26 Cerambycidae 20 Lycaena ochimııs (Herrich and Schaffer, 1851) 56 Opsilia coerulescens (Scopoli, 1763) 21 Polyommatus coelestinus (Eversmann, 1848) 57 Paracorymbia fulva Degeer, 1775 22 Polyommatus dorylas (Jermyn, 1827) 58 (Poda, 1761) 23 Polyommatus ninae (Forster, 1956) 59 sartor (Müller, 1766) 24 Polyommatus admetus (Esper, 1783) 27 Meloidae 25 Satyrium w-album (Knoch, 1782) 60 Mylabris flexuosa (Olivier, 1811) 26 Aricia agestis ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) 8 HYMENOPTERA 11 Hesperiidae 28 Vespidae 27 Thymelicus sylvestris (Poda, 1761) 61 Vespula vulgaris (Linneaus, 1758) 12 Nymphalidae 62 Vespula germanica (Fabricius, 1758) 28 Aglais urticae (Linnaeus, 1758) 29 Apidae 29 Melitaea cinxia (Linnaeus, 1758) 63 Apis mellifera (Linnaeus, 1758) 13 Papilionidae 64 Bombus lucorum ( Linneaus, 1758) 30 Papilio machaon Linnaeus, 1758 9 ORTHOPTERA 31 Parnassius mnemosyne (Linnaeus, 1758) 30 Gryllotalpidae 32 Iphiclides podalirius (Linnaeus, 1758) 65 Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa ( Linneaus, 1758) 14 Satryridae 31 Tettigoniidae 33 Erebia medusa (Denis and Schifferrnuller, 1775) 66 Tettigoniia spp 34 Chazara bischoffii (Herrich and Schoffer, 1846) 67 Psorodonotus caucasicus (Fischer von Waldheim, 1846) 35 Chazaraa briseis (Linnaeus, 1764) 36 Lasiommakı megera (Linnaeus, 1 767) 15 Saturniidae Mammals; it has been established that 18 mammal 37 Saturnia pyri ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) 16 Zygaenidae species that fall into 12 families may exist. 13 mammal 38 Zygaena filipendula Linnaeus,1758 species were identified by direct sampling and/or 6 DIPTERA observation or by observing their breeding areas, tracks 17 Bombyliidae and scats (Mustela nivalis, M. erminea, Meles meles, Lynx 39 Bombylius medius Linaeus, 1758 40 Bombylius ater Scopoli, 1763 lynx Vulpes vulpes, Canis aureus, C. lupus, Ursus arctos, 18 Asilidae Capra aegagrus, Lepus capensis, Erinaceus concolor, 41 Leptogaster cylindrica (De Geer, 1776) Rupicapra rupicapra and Sus scrofa scrofa,). In addition, 42 Dysmachus praemorsus (Loew, 1854) 19 Syrphidae five other species (Sorex minutus, Rhinolophus 43 Eristalis (Eristalis) tenax (Linnaeus, 1758) hipposideros, Miniopterus schereibersi, Apodemus 44 Paragus (Paragus) bicolor (Fabricius, 1794) sylvaticus and A. mystacinus) which could not be 20 Tephritidae observed during the field studies but whose existence is

7 | Göktürk T (2018). Turkish Journal of Biodiversity 1(1): 1-10. Contributions to the fauna of Kılıçkaya (Yusufeli, Artvin, Turkey)

mentioned by the local people and which are reported to were observed. The birds identified in the area use more exist in the location in the literature of previous studies in than one habitat type. Raptor birds, on the other hand, the area live in the study area and the its surroundings. are observed in the mixed forests on the higher regions, on rocky area covered with bushes and barren rocky The Turkish names, protection and threat status areas. The study area includes appropriate habitats according to national and international criteria, and usually for several bird species. Since the study area is habitats and habitat functions of the species identified in torrid in the summer, intense bird population was not the study area are summarized in Table 2. Two of them, noted during the observations in this area in the summer. namely Rhinolophus hipposideros and Capra aegagrus are mammal species that, according to both the national and The protection and threat status of the birds identified in international criteria, have high protection status, which the study area, along with their status in Turkey (non- are mentioned in Bern Convention Annex 2, and which migratory, migratory, transit, and rare), are summarized are categorized as VU according to the 2018 criteria and in Table 2 according to national and international criteria. categories. Each of these two species are under All bird species except for 4 bird species that are protection by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry described as harmful or surviving in dependency with the and included in the Annex 1 List of the Central Hunting habitat of human beings are protected under the Annex 2 Commission in which tye species whose hunting is and Annex 3 of the Bern Convention. The raptor birds forbidden are listed. Lynx lynx is categorized as identified in the study area have higher protect. On status Endangered in threat status. The mammal species in the than others and are included in the Annex 2 of the Bern area use various and different habitat types. This Convention, Annex 2 of the CITES and Annex 1 of the indicates that the mammal species existing in the area do Central Hunting Commission (BERN, 1992; CITES, 2017). not stick to one location and can relocate. Among the The species that were identified in the area were not species in the Table 2, Rhinolophus hipposideros and observed in high populations. The species whose Ursus arctos mostly prefers forested regions. Capra populations were observed to be high are Columba livia, aegagrus and Rupicapra rupicapra use the bushes, rocky Turdus merula, Corvus corax, Passer domesticus and areas, and forested regions as their habitat. Passer montanus. According to the IUCN (2018) category; all bird species detected in the area are in the LC category. Birds; 26 bird species that belong to 16 families are identified based on the observations conducted in the Çoruh Valley is on the migration route of the raptor birds. study area and by reviewing studies that were previously Following the breeding season, northern populations of performed in the field. The identified species are the raptor birds migrate to the south due to unfavorable presented in Table 3. The birds that are identified in the climactic conditions and the reduction of the possibility of study area can also be found in Çoruh River Valley in finding food. The migration begins at the end of August general outside of the study area. Many of them are and ends at the beginning of September. This time widespread in Turkey and most are local birds of Turkey. interval corresponds to the period when the younger A part of these birds are summer visitors for Turkey and birds start flying and the climactic conditions in the north the other consists of winter visitors for Turkey, migratory start to get worse. Most of the migrating raptor birds birds and other birds that fall into all other statuses. The enter Turkey from Artvin-Borçka line and reach to birds identified in the study area were observed in the Erzurum Plateau by passing from the west of the Çoruh valley bed, on trees along the riverbanks, planted fields, Valley. The migration of the raptor birds occurs in and near settlements. Bushes, natural grasslands, rocky daylight, over high regions and 1,000 m. The raptor birds regions covered by sparse groves and bushes and slopped use Çoruh Valley as a migratory passage corridor and very barren rocks are the other habitats in which the birds rarely stop to rest in the Valley.

8 | Göktürk T (2018). Turkish Journal of Biodiversity 1(1): 1-10. Contributions to the fauna of Kılıçkaya (Yusufeli, Artvin, Turkey)

Reptiles and Amphibians; Through the observations Annex 2 (Rhinolophus hipposideros, Miniopterus conducted in the field studies, a total of 2 reptile species schreibersi, Canis lupus, Ursus arctos, and Capra that fall into 2 families and 2 amphibian species aegagrus) or Annex 3 (Sorex minutes, Lepus capensis, (belonging to two families) were identified (Tables 5 and Mustela nivalis, Meles meles, and Rupicapra rupicapra). 6). Two of these species (Rhinolophus hipposideros and Capra aegagrus) are classified as endangered (CR, EN, or Of the identified reptiles, one is a lizard and two are snake VU categories) by the IUCN. species. The reptiles were observed on flat areas like fields, stony and rocky areas, and near the rivers. The Except for four bird species that damage agricultural amphibian species identified in the study area were products and settlements, almost all of the bird species in observed around water sources. The amphibians use the the region are under protection status according to Bern valley floor and rivers for the entire range of habitat Annex 2 and Annex 3. Raptor birds observed in the region functions. Among the reptile or amphibian species are identified at higher elevations mostly. Migratory identified in the study field, none is included in the IUCN birds, on the other hand, pass over the area by flying over Red List. All of the reptile and amphibian species 1,000 m above the sea level. identified in the study area are ones which can be widely observed throughout Turkey or in the eastern regions of Two amphibian species were identified in the study area. Turkey. One of these is Bufo viridis, which is under protection of Bern Annex 2 (strictly protected species), and the other, Invertebrates; 67 invertebrate species that fall into 31 Rana ridibunda, which is under protection of Bern Annex families and 9 order, which were identified in the study 3 (protected species). None of the identified species is area by direct sampling and observation, are listed in mentioned in the IUCN lists. Most of the 67 invertebrate Table 6. Most of the identified species display a wide species identified in the study area display a wide-range spread in Turkey. None of the invertebrate species in the spread through in Artvin. study area are categorized as having special importance. The reason is that most of the study area is covered with At previous studies in Artvin; 55 mammal, 216 bird, 309 small vegetation because of the sloppy structure of the insect species were also determined (Gokturk, 2009; area, agricultural areas are next to the banks of streams, Gokturk et al., 2009; Gokturk, 2011; Gokturk et al., 2011). and the temperatures in summer at the mineralization Additionally, 22 Ceramycidae species were determined area are very high. The invertebrates were generally from Yusufeli region by Tozlu et al., (2010). In this study, observed around the flowery plants that grow around the some of these species were eliminated. There are few water sources. animal species in comparison with the Artvin fauna. This number could have increased if more fieldwork had been 4. CONCLUSIONS and COMMENTS done.

The faunistic content of Kılıçkaya was determined REFERENCES between 2016 and 2017. 18 Mammals, 25 Birds, 2 Reptiles, 2 Amphibians, and 67 Invertebrates (Insects) of Anonymous 2014. Republic of TURKEY Ministry of Forestry And Water Affairs UN Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report a total of 114 animal species were identified in Kılıçkaya August 2014, 47 p. and its surroundings. This species were classified Anonymous 2018a. http://www.yusufeli.gov.tr/yusufeli.asp. Downloaded on 15 September 2018. according to the international threat categories of IUCN. Anonymous 2018b. CED Nihai Raporu. http://www.dsi.gov.tr/yusufeli_ced_nihai_tr.htm. Downloaded Some of the mammal species that were observed or on 13 September 2018. reported in Kılıçkaya and its surroundings are listed in

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Arancli A (2002). Biodiversity and Natural Resource Management in Gokturk T, Bucak F, Artvinli T (2011). Mammalian fauna of Artvin. Turkey. Environmental Connectivity: Protected areas the African Journal of Agricultural Research. 6(6): 1418-1425. Mediterranean context. 26-28 September 2002. Malaga, . IUCN (2018). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2018- Atalay İ (1994). Vegetation Geography of Turkey. Izmir: Ege University 2. http://www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 17 September Press. 2018. Benda P, Horacek I (1998). Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the Eastern Kaya Z, Raynal DJ (2001). Biodiversity and Conservation of Turkish Mediterranean. Part I. Review of distribution and of bats Forests. Biological Conservation. 97 (2): 131-141. in Turkey. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae 62: 255-313. Kence A, Dokuzoğuz M, Düzgüneş O, Ekim T, Demirsoy A, Kuru M, BERN (1992). Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife Kocataş A, Ergen Z, Mater S, Özel İ, et al. (1987). Biodiversity of and Natural Habitats. https://www.coe.int. Downloaded on 21 Turkey. Ankara: Turkey Foundation for Environmental Problems September 2018. Press, 316 p. CITES (2017). Convention on International Trade in Endangered Kence A, Kurtonur C, Özkan B, Albayrak İ, Kivanç E, Kefelioğlu H, Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. (1996). Turkey Vertebrate Species List (Mammals), Ankara: Nurol https://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php. Downloaded on Printing Co., ISSN:975-403-054-2. 13 August 2018. Kışlalıoğlu M, Berkes F (1987). Biodiversity. Environmental Problems of Corbet GB, (1978). The Mammals of the Palaearctic Region Taxonomic Turkey Foundation Publications, Leader Press. 122 p. Review, London & Ithaca: British Museum (Nat. Hist.) Cornell Univ. Kızıroğlu I (1989). Türkiye Kuşları. Ankara: Orman Genel Müdürlüğü Press. Basımevi, 314 p. (in Turkish). Demirayak F, (2002). Biodiversity-Nature Conservation and Kurtonur C, Albayrak İ, Kıvanç E, Kefelioğlu H, and Özkan B (1996). Sustainable Development. Tübitak Vision 2023 Project Türkiye Omurgalılar Tür Listesi; Memeliler (Mammalia). Environment and Sustainable Development Panel. Society for the DPT/TBAG- Çev. Sek., Ankara: Nurol Matbaası (in Turkish). Protection of Natural Life. December 2002. Langner LL, Flather C (1994). Biological Diversity: Status and Trends in Demirsoy A, Babaç T, Darendelioğlu Y, Akbulut A, Çalışkan M, Uslu E, the United States. USDA For. Serv. GTR-RM-244. Fort Collins, CO. Bakış Y (2005). CITES introduction and User Manual. Ankara: Mitchell-Jones AJ, Amori G, Bogdanowicz W, Kryštufek B, Reignders METEKSAN publications, 338p. PJH, Spitzenberger F, Stubbe M, Thissen JBM, Vohralik V, Zima J Demirsoy A, Yiğit N, Çolak E, Kefelioğlu H, Çoşkun Y, Albayrak İ (1996). (1999). The Atlas of European Mammals. London: Academic Press, Vertebrates of Turkey - Mammals, Ankara: Meteksan Inc. ISSN: 0-85661-130-1. ISSN:975-7746-24-X. Salwasser H, (1990). Conserving Biological Diversity: A Perspective on Demirsoy A, Yiğit N, Çolak E, Sözen M, Karataş A (2006). Rodents of Scope and Approaches. Forest Ecology and Management 35: 79- Turkey. Ankara: Meteksan Co., ISSN:9944-5560-0-9. 90. Göktürk T (2009). Coleoptera (Insecta) Species Living in Forest Trees in Tozlu G, Çalmaşur Ö, Çoruh S (2010). Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) Artvin Province. Ecological Life Sciences. 4(3): 121-133. species of Yusufeli (Artvin). Yusufeli Symposium from the Past to Gokturk T (2011). Lepidoptera Fauna in Artvin in North Black Sea the Future, Artvin, Yusufeli, p. 305–307. Region of Turkey. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances Turan N (1990). Türkiye'nin av ve yaban hayvanları. Ankara: Orman 10(15): 1938-1946. Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları, 274 p. Göktürk T, Artvinli T, Bucak F (2009). Avifauna of Artvin. Artvin Coruh Wilson DE, Reeder DM, (Eds) (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A University Journal of Forestry Faculty 9: 33-43. Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Vol: 1-2, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2142p.

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Turk J Biod, Dec 2018, 1(1): 11-16 Journal homepage: http://turkbiod.artvin.edu.tr/ http://dergipark.gov.tr/biodiversity E-ISSN: 2667-4386

RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access

Endemik Campanula betulifolia ve C. choruhensis (Campanulaceae)’in anatomik özellikleri ve koruma durumları

Anatomical characteristics and conservation status of endemic Campanula betulifolia and C. choruhensis (Campanulaceae)

Melahat ÖZCAN*, , Özgür EMİNAĞAOĞLU bDepartment of Forest Engineering, Faculty of Forestry, Artvin Coruh University, 08000 Artvin, Turkey

Article Info ÖZ ©2018 Ali Nihat Gökyiğit Botanical Kuzey Yarıküre ve Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde doğal olarak yayılış gösteren ve dünyada 420’ye yakın türle Garden Aplication and Research Center temsil edilen Campanula L. cinsi, yurdumuzda yeni eklenen türlerle beraber, 136 takson ihtiva of Artvin Coruh University. etmektedir. Taksonların yarıdan fazlası Türkiye için endemiktir. Bu çalışmada, oldukça yakın ilişkili iki C. betulifolia C. choruhensis *Corresponding author: endemik tür ( C.Koch ve Kit Tan & Sorger) anatomik açıdan detaylı olarak e-mail: [email protected] incelenmiş ve IUCN risk kategorileri yeniden değerlendirilmiştir. Bitkisel materyaller, Artvin ili Yusufeli ORCID: 0000-0002-2638-3914 ilçesinden toplanmış ve herbaryum materyalleri hazırlanmıştır. Morfolojik incelemeler herbaryum örnekleri üzerinden, anatomik incelemeler ise %70’lik alkolde fikse edilen örnekler üzerinden Article history Received: December 26, 2018 yapılmıştır. El ile gövdeden enine, yapraklardan ise enine ve yüzeysel kesitler hazırlanmıştır. Anatomik Received in revised form: December 29, incelemelerde, türler orta damar kalınlıkları, iletim demetleri uzunluk ve genişlikleri, lamina şekli ve 2018 kalınlıkları açısından karşılaştırılmış ve taban yapraklarının gövde yapraklarına göre belirgin farklılıklar Accepted: December 30, 2018 gösterdiği görülmüştür. Yüzeysel kesitlerden türler arasındaki amfistomatik tip stomaların uzunlukları, 2 C. choruhensis Available online: December 30, 2018 indeksleri ve mm ’deki stoma sayıları karşılaştırılmıştır. Stoma uzunlukları taban yaprağının adaksial yüzeylerinde en fazla, C. betulifolia’nın aynı yüzeyinde ise en azdır. mm2’deki

stoma sayıları ve stoma indeksleri açısından C. choruhensis’te daha yüksek değerler tespit edilmiştir. Citation Epidermis türlerin gövde ve taban yaprağının adaksial yüzeylerinde düz çeperli, abaksial yüzeylerinde To cite this article: Özcan M, Eminağaoğlu Ö (2018). Endemik ise dalgalı-kıvrımlıdır. Bu çalışmada, yakın ilişkili görülen iki endemik türün anatomik özellikleri ilk defa Campanula betulifolia ve C. karşılaştırmalı olarak ortaya konmuştur. choruhensis (Campanulaceae)’in anatomik özellikleri ve koruma ABSTRACT Campanula durumları. Turk J Biod 1(1): 11-16. The L., naturally distributed in Northern hemisphere and Mediterranean Region and represented by almost 420 species in the World, comprises 136 taxa including recently recorded

new species in our country. More than half of the taxa are endemic to Turkey. In this investigation, This is an Open Access two closely relative and endemic species (C. betulifolia C.Koch and C. choruhensis Kit Tan & Sorger) article under the CC BY license were examined anatomically and IUCN risk categories were reevaluated. samples were collected (http://creativecommons.org/licenses from Yusufeli district of Artvin province and Herbarium materials were prepared. Morphological /by/4.0/). observations were performed in herbarium samples, while anatomical examinations were made from fixated specimens in 70% alcohol. Transverse sections of stem and , and paradermal sections of Anahtar kelimeler: upper and lower epidermis of were prepared manually. Thickness of midrib, lengths and widths Anatomi, Campanula, Endemik, of vascular bundles, shape and thickness of leaf lamina were compared between the species and Gövde, Yaprak. important differences were observed in basal leaves from than cauline leaves of the species. From paradermal sections, amphistomatic type stomata’s lengths, indexes and number of stomata per mm2 Keywords: were compared among the species. The biggest stomatal lengths were detected in the adaxial surfaces Anatomy, Campanula, Endemic, Leaf, of basal leaves for C. choruhensis, while the smallest ones were observed in the same leaf surfaces of Stem. C. betulifolia. According to stomatal numbers per 1 mm2 and stomatal indexes, C. choruhensis has the highest values. Epidermal leaf surfaces are straight in adaxial surfaces of both basal and cauline leaves, whereas undulate-sinuous surfaces are present in abaxial surfaces. This study displays anatomical characteristic of two closely related endemic species here, for the first time.

11 | Özcan M, Eminağaoğlu Ö (2018). Turkish Journal of Biodiversity 1(1): 11-16 Endemik Campanula betulifolia ve C. choruhensis (Campanulaceae)’in anatomik özellikleri ve koruma durumları

1. GİRİŞ alliarifolia türünde kuraklığın yaprakta meydana getirdiği değişimler incelenmiştir (Krokhmal, 2013). Türkiye’de Campanulaceae familyası dünyada 35-55 cins ve 600-950 Eskişehir ilinde yayılış gösteren 7 Campanula taksonun kadar tür (Lammers, 2007), ülkemizde ise 6 cinsle temsil kök, gövde ve yaprak anatomisi Ocak ve Tokur (1996) edilmektedir (Contandriopoulos, 1984). Özellikle Kuzey tarafından çalışılmıştır. Campanula ve bazı yakın cinsler yarımküre ve 150’si Akdeniz bölgesinde yaklaşık 420 türle üzerinde Alçıtepe (2011) tarafından yürütülen anatomik temsil edilen Campanula L. cinsinin çeşitlilik merkezinin, bir çalışmada taksonomik açıdan problemli 4 türün yaprak ülkemizi de içeren, Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi olduğu yüzey anatomisi çalışılmış ve elde edilen bulgulara göre 2 belirtilmektedir (Contandriopoulos, 1984). Bu cins yeni taksonomik düzenleme önerilmiştir. Diğer iki farklı Türkiye’de 6 alt cinse ayrılmaktadır. Campanula alt cinsi çalışmada, Quinqueloculares seksiyonundaki 10 türden diğerlerinden yaşam formları (bir yıllık, iki yıllık ve çok 9’unun tohum morfolojik özellikleri ve palinolojik yıllık), korolla şekilleri (55 loblu genellikle kampanulat, özellikleri (Alçıtepe, 2012) ve endemik bir tür olan silindirik, uzamış veya uzun tüp şeklinde uçta dudaksı Campanula davisii Turrill’nin anatomik ve morfolojik yapılı), anterlerin pozisyonu (serbest veya genç çiçeklerde özellikleri ortaya konulmuştur (Alçıtepe, 2016). Ayrıca, nadiren birleşik) ve kapsüllerinin kapalı (apikal, bazal veya Campanula tomentosa Lam. ve C. vardariana Bocquet’nin lateral porlu) oluşuyla ayırt edilmektedir (Damboldt, anatomik ve palinolojik özellikleri belirlenmiştir (Alçıtepe 1978). Campanula alt cinsi 13 seksiyon ile, & Yıldız, 2010). Quinqueloculares alt cinsi ise 7 seksiyon ile temsil edilmektedir. Özellikle Quinqueloculares seksiyonu Bu çalışmada, alandan varlığı Eminağaoğlu (2015) ve taksonomik açıdan oldukça problemli olup, 7’si endemik Eminağaoğlu vd. (2018) tarafından daha önce tespit 10 takson ihtiva etmektedir (Damboldt, 1978; Yıldız & edilmiş olan, morfolojik olarak birbirine oldukça benzerlik Alçıtepe, 2010; Alçıtepe, 2011; Yıldırım, 2013). Yurdumuz gösteren ve IUCN (2018) kriterlerine göre biri EN florası içinde, yeni eklenen türlerle beraber, 136 statüsünde olan iki endemik (C. betulifolia C. Koch ve C. Campanula taksonu doğal yayılış göstermekte ve bunların choruhensis Kit Tan & Sorger) türün anatomik % 50’den fazlası ülkemiz için endemik olarak özelliklerinin ortaya konması ve koruma durumlarının belirtilmektedir (Damboldt, 1978; Davis vd., 1988; değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Özhatay vd., 2009; Yıldız & Alçıtepe, 2010; Alçıtepe, 2011; Yıldırım, 2013; Yıldırım & Şenol, 2014). 2. MATERYAL VE YÖNTEM

Campanula türleri genel olarak “Çıngırak otu” ya da “Çan Endemik Campanula örnekleri Artvin ili Yusufeli ilçesi yol çiçeği” olarak bilinmektedir. Campanula glomerata L. kenarlarındaki kaya çatlaklarından toplanmıştır. genç iken Doğu Anadolu’da sebze olarak kullanılır. C. Kurutularak herbaryum materyali haline getirilen bitki rapunculus L. kök ve yaprakları eskiden midevi, süt artırıcı örneklerinin adlandırılmasında Damboldt (1978)’tan ve taş düşürücü olarak kullanılmıştır. C. trachelium L. yararlanılmıştır. Bitki isimlerinin ve yazar isimlerinin kökleri ve genç sürgünleri yenilmektedir (Baytop, 1994). yazımı IPNI (2015)’e göre yapılmıştır. Bitki örnekleri Artvin Katalonya’da yerel halkın C. trachelium L.’un bitki kısmını Çoruh Üniversitesi Herbaryumu (ARTH)’nda muhafaza dekoksiyon şeklinde vazotonik ve diüretik olarak altına alınmıştır. Anatomik incelemeler için fikse edilmiş kullandığı belirtilmektedir (Rigat vd., 2007). C. rapunculus doku parçalarından elle enine ve yüzeysel kesit alınmış ve L. bitkisi İtalya’nın Batı Riviera bölgesinde sebze olarak Hematoksilen ile boyanmıştır (Algan, 1981). Kesitler salata hazırlamakta kullanılmaktadır (Cornara vd., 2009). preparatları DP73 dijital kamera ataçmanlı Olympus BX53 mikroskobu ile fotoğraflanmış ve bilgisayar üzerinden Campanula cinsinde anatomik çalışmalar oldukça detaylı ölçümleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. sınırlıdır. Daha önceki çalışmalarda Romanya’nın endemik bir türü olan Campanula romanica Savul.’nın anatomik 2.1.İncelenen örnekler: -C. betulifolia: Türkiye. A8 Artvin; özellikleri ortaya konulmuş (Gostin & Oprea, 2013) ve C. Yusufeli, Oruçlu yolu, 913 m, 41°49ꞌ59.7ꞌꞌE, 41°07’05.8ꞌꞌN, M.Özcan 620 & Ö.Emin (ARTH) (Şekil 1). -C. choruhensis:

12 | Özcan M, Eminağaoğlu Ö (2018). Turkish Journal of Biodiversity 1(1): 11-16 Endemik Campanula betulifolia ve C. choruhensis (Campanulaceae)’in anatomik özellikleri ve koruma durumları

Türkiye. A8 Artvin, Yusufeli, Demirkent, 1700 m, köşeli haldedir. Korteks 7-10 sıra hücreden oluşmaktadır. 40°51ꞌ46.01ꞌꞌE, 41°48ꞌ28.87ꞌꞌN, Ö.Emin 10717 (ARTH) Ardından iletim demetleri ve öz bölgesi gelmektedir (Şekil (Şekil 2). 3a-d).

Tablo 1. C. betulifolia ve C. choruhensis’ in gövde anatomik özellikleri. Özellik C. betulifolia C. choruhensis Epidermis hücre uzunluğu (µm) 19.17±0.89 15.60±1.38 Epidermis hücre genişliği (µm) 25.49±1.45 19.81±1.75 Korteks kalınlığı (µm) 186.67±13.31 150.29±7.73 Korteks sıra sayısı 7-9 7-10 Köşede kollenkima kalınlığı (µm) 93.23±14.86 51.86±5.18 İletim demeti Floem kalınlığı 92.84±8.74 54.19±5.26 (µm) Ksilem kalınlığı 162.29±13.26 120.30±11.77 (µm) Trake çapı (µm) 25.72±1.61 22.19±1.81 Öz hücre çapı (µm) 67.12±2.94 49.09±5.63 Şekil 1. C. betulifolia. a: doğal görünüm, b: kapsül.

Şekil 2. C. choruhensis. a: doğal görünüm, b: kapsül.

3. BULGULAR

Şekil 3. Gövdeden enine kesit. a-b: C. betulifolia, c, d: C. choruhensis. Birbirleriyle yakından ilişkili iki tür gövde ve yaprak fl: floem, k: korteks, kl: kollenkima, ks: ksilem, tr: trikom. Ölçek: a, c: anatomisi açısından detaylı olarak incelenmiş morfolojik 200 µm, b, d: 100 µm. ve anatomik şekiller (Şekil 1-5) ile anatomik ölçümler 3.1.2. Yaprak (Tablo 1-2) verilmiştir. Gövde ve taban yaprak enine kesitlerinde dışta birer sıra 3.1. Anatomik Bulgular epidermis yer almaktadır. Üst epidermis hücreleri alt 3.1.1. Gövde epidermis hücrelerine göre oldukça büyüktür. Yapraklar Anatomik incelemelerde gövdelerin oldukça benzer bifasiyaldir. Gövde yaprağında palisat C. betulifolia’da 2 şekilli, hemen hemen yuvarlak olduğu, yer yer 2-3 köşe sıra olup ilk sıra oldukça uzun iken C. choruhensis’te oluşumu meydana geldiği görülmüştür. İletim demetleri palisat 3 sıra halindedir. İletim demeti tek olup orta kesintisiz halka şeklinde gövdeyi çevrelemektedir. damarı kaplamış durumdadır. İletim demetinin hemen Epidermisten dışarı doğru yükselen basit tüyler C. ardından üst ve altta kollenkima tabakaları gelmektedir betulifolia’da oldukça yoğun olarak izlenmektedir. (Şekil 4a,c,e,g). Yuvarlak, bazen dar alanlarda kollenkima bulunduran iki

13 | Özcan M, Eminağaoğlu Ö (2018). Turkish Journal of Biodiversity 1(1): 11-16 Endemik Campanula betulifolia ve C. choruhensis (Campanulaceae)’in anatomik özellikleri ve koruma durumları

Tablo 2. C. betulifolia ve C. choruhensis’ in yaprak anatomik özellikleri Özellik C. betulifolia C. choruhensis Gövde yaprağı Taban yaprağı Gövde yaprağı Taban yaprağı Üst epidermis Uzunluk (µm) 27.73±1.11 38.92±3.67 30.95±2.89 32.49±2.27 Genişlik (µm) 38.29±1.42 57.25±2.53 48.154±2.25 50.56±1.83 Alt epidermis Uzunluk (µm) 29.17±1.76 29.17±1.76 23.92±2.31 25.89±2.31 Genişlik (µm) 38.7±2.31 38.7±2.31 31.39±5.41 39.11±5.41 Orta damar kalınlığı (µm) 344.3±7.63 636.48±68.99 370.92 ±20.10 529.27±11.19 Orta damar genişliği (µm) 346.68±11.52 739.46±19.33 416.72±41.97 633.59±18.00 Lamina kalınlığı (µm) 236.54±8.42 325.66±8.95 263.82±8.01 275.23±10.79 Trake çapı (µm) 16.88±0.31 20.81±0.45 17.25±0.52 16.13±0.31 İletim demeti Uzunluk (µm) 206.08±6.20 374.16±40.70 205.87±13.89 323.39±3.46 Genişlik (µm) 266.84±4.89 471.62±52.94 306.41±32.89 419.04±15.09 Palisat parankima sıra sayısı 2-3 3 2-3 2-3 Sünger parankima sıra sayısı 6-8 6-8 3-9 5-7 Adaksial yüzey Kütikula kalınlığı (µm) 8.28±0.68 8.25±0.42 5.88±0.44 6.04±0.19 Stoma uzunluğu (µm) 31.15±0.44 27.07±5.25 31.39±0.65 33.71±0.88 Stoma indeksi 13.26±1.06 17.59±0.69 21.23±0.96 20.68±1.75 Stoma sayısı(1 mm2) 112±4.89 100±6.31 152±10.18 145±11.23 Abaksial yüzey Kütikula kalınlığı (µm) 6.65±1.04 5.64±0.67 4.18±0.11 4.63±0.21 Epidermal hücre şekli Düzensiz şekilli undulate- Polygonal şekilli, dalgalı Düzensiz şekilli, sinüslü Düzensiz şekilli, sinüslü kenarlı kenarlı kenarlı sinüslü kenarlı Stoma uzunluğu (µm) 31.35±0.67 27.29±5.26 30.18±0.50 32.03±0.71 Stoma indeksi 19.36±1.02 19.15±0.74 24.79±1.35 23.76±1.79 Stoma sayısı (1 mm2) 164.0±17.17 128.0±10.18 212.0±17.40 172.0±14.94

Taban yapraklarında orta damar belirgin yuvarlak ve dalgalı-sinüslü çeperli ve yoğun trikomludur. Amarillis iletim demeti hakimiyeti varken, gövde yapraklarında orta tip stoma bulunmakta ve türler amfistomatik olarak damar üçgensi görünümde ve iletim demeti daha adlandırılmaktadır. Stomalar alt yüzeyde oldukça yoğun küçüktür. İletim demeti dizilişi U harfi şeklinde bir ve anomositiktir. Stoma uzunluğu ve indeksinin taban görünüm oluşturmaktadır. Diğer yandan C. choruhensis’in yapraklarında gövde yapraklarına göre fazla olduğu taban yaprağında iletim demeti uçları iyice kıvrılmış ve görülmüştür. Ayrıca yaprak üst yüzeyinde iri tabanlı nerdeyse daire şekline dönüşmüştür. Orta damar iletim unisellular tüyler bulunmaktadır (Şekil 5a-h). demeti kalınlığı ve mezofil kalınlığı en az olarak C. 3.1.3.Koruma durumu betulifolia’nın gövde yaprağında tespit edilmiştir (Tablo C. betulifolia: Türkiye’nin Kuzeydoğusunda yayılış 2). Taban ve gövde yaprak mezofillerinde palisat gösteren endemik türlerden olup, Uluslararası Doğal parankiması sünger parankiması ile hemen hemen aynı Hayatı ve Doğal Kaynakları Koruma Birliği (IUCN, 2018)’ne oranda yer işgal etmektedir. Palisat sıra sayısı her iki türde göre; bu tür geniş yayılışa sahip ve populasyondaki birey de 2-3 sıra halindedir. Sünger tabakası sıra sayısı da tür sayısı yüksektir. IUCN Kırmızı Listesi’ne göre Korunma içinde de farklılık göstermektedir. Taban yaprakları Durum Kategorisi “Asgari Endişe (LC: Least Concern)” olarak belirtilmektedir. genellikle gövde yapraklarına göre daha fazla sünger C. choruhensis: Türkiye’nin Kuzeydoğusunda yayılış tabakası ihtiva etmektedir. gösteren lokal endemik türlerden olup, Uluslararası Doğal Hayatı ve Doğal Kaynakları Koruma Birliği (IUCN, 2018)’ne Yüzeysel kesitlerde stomalar epidermis ile aynı hizadadır göre; neslinin tükenme riski çok yüksek olup, IUCN Kırmızı ve amfistomatik yaprak taşımaktadırlar. Gövde yaprağı Listesi’ne göre Korunma Durum Kategorisi “Tehlikede üst yüzeyleri düz çeperlidir. Her iki türde de bulunan (EN: Endangered)” olarak belirtilmektedir. Ekim vd. uniseriat trikom yoğunluğu C. choruhensis’in üst (2014)’e göre; kayalar üzerinde gelişen bu türün baraj yüzeyinde daha fazladır. Alt yüzeyler ise her iki türde inşaatları ve buna bağlı mikro iklim değişimlerinden çok etkileneceği belirtilmektedir. Kırmızı Liste

14 | Özcan M, Eminağaoğlu Ö (2018). Turkish Journal of Biodiversity 1(1): 11-16 Endemik Campanula betulifolia ve C. choruhensis (Campanulaceae)’in anatomik özellikleri ve koruma durumları

Değerlendirmesi EN B1ab (i,ii,iii) + 2ab (i,ii,iii) şeklinde olup; yaşam alanı 5000 km’den daha az, populasyonları ciddi derecede parçalanmış, lokasyon sayısı 5’ den fazla değil ve devam eden azalma var olduğudur.

Şekil 5. Yüzeysel kesitler. a-d: C. betulifolia, e-h: C. choruhensis, a, b, e, f: adaksial yüzey, c, d, g, h: abaksial yüzey. st: stoma, tr: trikom. Ölçek: 100 µm.

Ksilemde trakeler ışınsal sıralar halindedir. Halka halindeki demetin dış kısmı küçük demet kını hücreleriyle

Şekil 4. Yapraktan enine kesit. a-d: C. betulifolia, e-h: C. choruhensis. korteks tabakasından ayrılmaktadır. Ocak ve Tokur (1996) a, b, e, f: taban yaprağı, c, d, g, h: gövde yaprağı. ae: alt epidermis, fl: ve Gostin ve Oprea (2013) bazı türlerde bu yapının floem, kl: kollenkima, ks: ksilem, pp: palisat parankiması, sp: sünger parankiması, tr: trikom, üe: üst epidermis. Ölçek: 100 µm. varlığından bahsetmektedir. İletim demetlerinin iç tarafında parankimatik öz bölgesi yer almaktadır. Bu bölgede hücreler kısmen parçalanmış ve boşluk 4. TARTIŞMA oluşmuştur.

Türlerin gövde enine kesitlerinde halka şeklindeki iletim Bitkiler kazmofittir. Bununla beraber türlerin yaprak demetinin floem kısmının ksileme göre biraz daha dar anatomilerinde kurakçıl bitki özelliği olan epidermisten alan kapladığı görülmüştür. Kambiyum belirgin değildir. daha aşağıda yer alması durumu görülmemektedir. Bu

15 | Özcan M, Eminağaoğlu Ö (2018). Turkish Journal of Biodiversity 1(1): 11-16 Endemik Campanula betulifolia ve C. choruhensis (Campanulaceae)’in anatomik özellikleri ve koruma durumları

durum Gostin ve Oprea (2013) tarafından da C. Alçıtepe E, Yıldız K (2010). Taxonomy of Campanula tomentosa Lam. and C. vardariana bocquet from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany romanica’da belirtilmiştir. 34: 231-240. Alçıtepe E (2012). Comparative pollen morphology of sect. Campanula cinsinde bifasiyal yaprak tipi Ocak ve Tokur Quinqueloculares (Campanulaceae) in Turkey. Biologia 67(5): 875- (1996) tarafından Eskişehir’e özgü bazı endemik 882. Alçıtepe E (2016). A Morphological and Anatomical Study on Endemic taksonlarda ve Gostin ve Oprea (2013) tarafından C. Campanula davisii Turrill (Campanulaceae) in Turkey. Kastamonu romanica’da rapor edilmiştir. Yine Krokhmal (2013) Universitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 16(1): 27-33. Algan G (1981). Bitkisel dokular için mikroteknik. Fırat Universitesi Fen kuraklık üzerine C. alliariifolia’da yaprak anatomisindeki Fakültesi Yayınları, Bot. No.1. İstanbul: Matbaa Teknisyenleri değişimlerden bahsederken bu yaprak tipine değinmiştir. Basımevi. (in Turkish) Baytop T (1994). Türkçe bitki adları sözlüğü. Ankara: Atatürk Kültür, Dil ve tarih Yüksek Kurumu yayınları, 578p. (in Turkish) 5. SONUÇ VE ÖNERİLER Contandriopoulos J (1984). Differentiation and evolution of the genus Campanula in the Mediterranean region. In: William FG (ed), Plant Sonuç olarak gövde ve yaprak anatomik verilerine göre biosystematics. Academic press, pp. 140-175. Campanula kısmi farklılıklar bulunmakla birlikte, türler birbirlerine Damboldt J (1978). L. In: Davis PH (ed) Flora of Turkey and The East Aegean Island. Vol. 6. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University oldukça yakın özellikler de taşımaktadır. Çalışmamızda Press. incelenen türlerin anatomik verilerine önemli ölçüde Davis PH (1988). Campanula L. In: Davis PH, Mill RR & Tan K (eds), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol 10 (Supplement 1), katkıda bulunulmuştur. Bununla beraber ülkemizde Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ. Press, pp. 177-180. yayılış gösteren diğer Campanula türleri üzerinde benzer Ekim T, Terzioğlu S, Eminağaoğlu Ö, Coşkunçelebi K (2014). Turkey. In: çalışmalar devam ettirilerek daha kapsamlı sonuçlar elde Solomon J, Schulkina T, Schatz GE (eds), Red List of the Endemic Plants of Caucasus: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia, and edilebilir. Ayrıca yapılacak mikromorfolojik çalışmalarla Turkey. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri türlerin teşhisinde büyük ölçüde katkıda bulunulabilir. Botanical Garden (MSB) Saint Louis: 125. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, pp:209-242. Eminağaoğlu Ö (ed) (2015). Artvin’in Doğal Bitkileri (Native Plants of C. betulifolia türünün genel yayılışı, popülasyonlarının Artvin). Istanbul: Promat Press, 456p. (in Turkish) durumu, risk faktörleri dikkate alındığında Koruma Durum Eminağaoğlu Ö, Yüksel E, Akyıldırım Beğen H (2018). Flora of the Hod Valley (Artvin, Turkey). International Journal of Ecosystems and Kategorisinde değişiklik yapılmaya gerek görülmemiştir. Ecology Science-IJEES 8(2): 273-282. Gostin I, Oprea A (2013). Anatomical investigations on endemic Çoruh nehrinden adını alan ve endemik bir tür olan C. Campanula romanica Savul. and their ecological significance. Bangladesh Journal of Botany 42(1): 139-144. choruhensis, nehir üzerinde kurulan barajlardan en fazla IPNI (2015). International Plant Name Index. Published on the Internet. olumsuz etkilenen türlerden olup, yaşam alanının büyük http://www.ipni.org. Downloaded on 19 November 2018. çoğunluğu baraj göl aynası altında kaldığından, IUCN (2018). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2018- 2. http://www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 10 December 2018. bulunduğu yerler mutlak koruma altına alınmalıdır. Krokhmal I (2013). Functional Anatomy of leaf Campanula alliariifolia Willd. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 41(2): Teşekkür 388-395. Lammers TG (2007). Campanulaceae Jussieu, Gen. Pl. 163 (1789), nom. Cons. In: Kadereit JW, Jeffrey C (eds), The families and genera of Bu çalışma, Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma vascular plants, Vol. 8. . Springer, pp. 26-57. Projeleri Birimi (BAP) tarafından 2012.F15.02.21 nolu Ocak A, Tokur S (1996). Anatomical investigations on Campanula L. taxa that distributed in (B3) Eskisehir Region. Turkish Journal of proje ile desteklenmiştir. Desteklerinden dolayı BAP Botany 20: 221-231. birimine teşekkürlerimizi sunarız. Özhatay N (2009). Check list of additional taxa to the supplement flora of Turkey IV. Turkish Journal of Botany 33: 191-226. Yıldırım H, Şenol SG (2013). Campanula mugeana sp. Nov. KAYNAKLAR (Campanulaceae) from western Anatolia, Turkey. Nordic Journal of Botany 31: 419-425. Alçıtepe E (2011). New combinations in Campanula sect. Yıldırım H, Şenol SG (2014). Campanula alisan-kilincii Quinqueloculares from Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Botany 43: (Campanulaceae), e new species from eastern Anatolia, Turkey. 2243-2254. Turkish Journal of Botany 38: 22-30.

16 | Özcan M, Eminağaoğlu Ö (2018). Turkish Journal of Biodiversity 1(1): 11-16 Turkish Journal of Biodiversity

Turk J Biod, Dec 2018, 1(1): 17-23 Journal homepage: http://turkbiod.artvin.edu.tr/ http://dergipark.gov.tr/biodiversity E-ISSN: 2667-4386

RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access

The flora of Alanbaşı and Bakırtepe villages (Yusufeli, Artvin, Turkey) and its surroundings

Alanbaşı ve Bakırtepe (Yusufeli, Artvin, Turkey) ve çevresinin florası Hayal AKYILDIRIM BEĞEN a,*, , Emrah YÜKSEL b, a Health Services Vocational School, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey b Department of Forest Engineering, Faculty of Forestry, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey

Article Info ABSTRACT ©2018 Ali Nihat Gökyiğit Botanical This study has been carried out between 2017 and 2018 in order to determine the flora of Alanbası Garden Aplication and Research Center and Bakırtepe (Yusufeli, Artvin, Turkey). The research area under review takes place in Colchic of Artvin Coruh University. province of Euro-Siberian floristic area of Holarctic region and is found in the A8 square according to grid system of Davis. The study area lies between 780 and 2150 m elevation above the sea level. In *Corresponding author: this study, total 448 taxa belong to 75 families and 302 genera were determined. 16 of them belong e-mail: [email protected] to Pteridophyta, the remaining 432 taxa were Magnoliophyta, which included 5 taxa from the Pinidae ORCID: 0000-0003-2028-5827 and 427 taxa from the Magnoliidae. The largest families recorded were as follows: Poaceae (62 taxa), Article history (57 taxa), Rosaceae (30 taxa), Fabaceae (28 taxa), Lamiaceae (26 taxa), (20 Received: December 26, 2018 Received in revised form: December 29, taxa), (20 taxa), Boraginaceae (17 taxa), Plantaginaceae (11 taxa), Caprifoliaceae (9 taxa) and 2018 Orobanchaceae (9 taxa). The percentage of phytogeographical origins of 259 taxa was determined. Accepted: December 30, 2018 The distribution of the taxa according to the phytogeographical regions was as follows: Avrupa-Sibirya Available online: December 30, 2018 with 161 taxa (31,5%), Iran-Turan with 81 taxa (15,9%), Mediterranean with 17 taxa (3,3%) and multiregional or of unknown phytogeographic origin with 193 taxa (49,3%). The life form spectrum of Citation 391 taxon was as follows: Hemicryptophytes 127 taxa (24,9%), Cryptophytes 95 taxa (18,6%), To cite this article: Akyıldırım Beğen H, Phanerophytes 62 taxa (12,1%), Chamaephytes 54 taxa (10,6%) and Therophytes 53 taxa (10,4%). The Yüksel E (2018). The flora of Alanbaşı taxa that unknown the life form spectrum is 61. Endemism is 6,8% and included 35 endemic taxa and and Bakırtepe villages (Yusufeli, Artvin, 63 non-endemic rare plants. Turkey) and its surroundings. Turk J Biod 1(1): 17-23. ÖZ Bu çalışma, Alanbası and Bakırtepe (Yusufeli, Artvin-Türkiye) Florası’nın tespit edilmesi amacıyla This is an Open Access 2017ve 2018 yılları arasında yapılmıştır. Araştırma alanı, Davis’in grid sistemine göre A8 karesinde yer article under the CC BY license almakta olup, Holarktik bölgenin, Avrupa-Sibirya flora alanının Öksin kesiminin Kolşik altkesiminde yer (http://creativecommons.org/licenses almaktadır. Çalışma alanı 780-2150 m yükseltiler arasında yer almaktadır. Bu araştırmada 75 familya, /by/4.0/). 302 cinse ilişkin toplam 448 adet takson saptanmıştır. Bunlardan 16 takson Pteridophyta, 432 takson ise Magnoliophyta bölümüne ilişkindir ve bunlardan 5 taxon Pinidae ve 427 takson Magnoliidae alt bölümüne ilişkindir. Araştırma alanında en fazla takson içeren familya sırasıyla; Poaceae (62 takson), Keywords: Compositae (57 takson), Rosaceae (30 takson), Leguminosae (28 takson), Lamiaceae (26 takson), Alanbaşı, Artvin, Bakırtepe, endemism, Brassicaceae (20 takson), Apiaceae (20 takson), Boraginaceae (17 takson), Plantaginaceae (11 flora, plant. takson), Caprifoliaceae (9 takson) ve Orobanchaceae (9 takson). Çalışma alanında belirlenen 259 taksonun fitocoğrafik bölgeleri saptanmıştır. Bu türlerin fitocoğrafik bölgelere göre dağılımları ise Anahtar kelimeler: şöyledir: 161 adeti (%31,5) Avrupa-Sibirya, 81 adeti (%15,9) İran-Turan ve 17 adeti (%3,3) Akdeniz’dir Alanbaşı, Artvin, Bakırtepe, bitki, ve coğrafi bölgesi bilinmeyen ve birden fazla bölgede yayılış gösterenler 252 adet (%49,3)’dir. 391 endemizm, flora. taksonun hayat formlarına göre dağılım ve oranları sırasıyla şöyledir: Hemikriptofitler 127 takson (%24,9), Kriptofitler 95 takson (%18,6), Fanerofitler 62 takson (%12,1), Kamefitler 54 takson (%10,6) ve Terofitler 53 takson (%10,4)’dir ve hayat formları belirlenemeyen 61 adet takson bulunmaktadır. Araştırma alanında 35 adet endemik ve 63 adet endemik olamayan nadir bitki türü saptanmış olup, endemizim oranı %6,8’dir.

17 | Akyıldırım Beğen H, Yüksel E (2018). Turkish Journal of Biodiversity 1(1): 17-23 The flora of Alanbaşı and Bakırtepe villages (Yusufeli, Artvin, Turkey) and its surroundings

1. INTRODUCTION Siberian floristic area in the Holarctic region (Eminağaoğlu, 2015). The study area, Alanbası and Bakırtepe, which exposed to dam constructions, are two vicinities of Yusufeli and their The altitude of the area is between 780 and 2150 m. The flora and vegetation are under the influence of these dam area is situated between lat 40°42’44’’ – 40°38’45’’ N and constructions (Eminagaoglu, 2015). There are many long 41°24’25’’- 41°27’08’’ E (Figure 1). studies on flora in the nearer areas. Some of them were studied by Anşin (1979, 1983), Güner (1983), Güner at al. Meteorological data were obtained from Yusufeli (1987), Vural (1996), Anşin et al. (2000), Eminağaoğlu & Anşin (2002, 2003, 2004, 2005), Eminağaoğlu et al. (2007, Meteorological station. The annual average rainfall is 2012), Eminağaoğlu (2009, 2015), Yüksel &Eminağaoğlu 275,4 mm, the most rainy month is October (43,9 mm) (2017), Eminağaoğlu et al., (2018). and the average temperature is 14,13 °C in the area (DMI, 2018) (Table 1). The climatic diagram was prepared using The aim of this study was to determine flora of Alanbası Walter’s method (Figure 2). and Bakırtepe and it’s surrounding. Any floristic research was studied in this area. So the new floristic taxa, the YUSUFELİ 1150 m 275.4 mm 14.13 0C oC endemic rates and rare plants were wanted to be mm determined and to contribute to the Herbarium of Artvin 30 60 Coruh University (ARTH) with the data obtained from this study. 20 40 C o mm The area of Alanbası and Bakırtepe (Yusufeli) are located 10 20 in the Caucasus Biodiversity Hotspot, one of the 35 World Biodiversity Hotspots identified by the Conservation 0 0 International and covers the Eastern Black Sea Mountains, designated as one of the 144 Important Plant Months Areas (IPA) in Turkey (WWF & IUCN, 1994; Zazanashvili et Figure 2. Climatic diagram of Artvin (Walter, 1956). al., 1999; Özhatay et al., 2005). 2. MATERIAL AND METHOD

A total of 1856 plant specimens related to Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta sections were collected in Alanbası and Bakırtepe Village of Yusufeli District (Artvin ) between 2017 and 2018. Three or four samples were collected from each plant taxon.

Each plant specimens were photographed and GPS coordinates were taken. The plant specimens were dried by herbarium methods and identified using identification keys given in Flora of Turkey (Davis, 1965-1985; Davis et al., 1988; Güner et al., 2000), Flora of USSR (Komarov, 1934-1978; Ketzkhoveli & Gagnidze, 1971-2001).

Figure 1. Map of the study area. The voucher specimens have been deposited at the Herbarium of Artvin Coruh University (ARTH), Artvin, According to Davis et al. (1971)’s grid system, Alanbası Turkey. All rare plants (endemic and non-endemic plants) and Bakırtepe (Yusufeli, Artvin) are located in the A9 were given in the Appendix. Threatened categories were square and within the Colchic province of the Euro- given (Ekim et al., 2000, 2014; IUCN, 2018).

18 | Akyıldırım Beğen H, Yüksel E (2018). Turkish Journal of Biodiversity 1(1): 17-23 The flora of Alanbaşı and Bakırtepe villages (Yusufeli, Artvin, Turkey) and its surroundings

Table 1. The meteorological data of Yusufeli (DMI, 2018). Meteorological elements Months

I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Annual

Mean Temparature (°C) 1,3 2,6 8 14,9 19,1 22,8 25,7 26 22,2 15,8 8,4 2,8 14,13

Total rainfall (mm) 21,6 20,2 19,6 28,2 29,6 33,6 21,7 12,6 12,0 23,1 25,8 27,4 275,4

The phytogeographical regions of the taxa were DC.] taxon in EN, 2 endemic [Tchihatchewia isatidea evaluated according to Davis (1965-85) and Davis et al., Boiss., Psephellus taochius Sosn.] and 9 nonendemic (1988). The plant names were checked using Türkiye [Dryopteris abbreviata (DC.) Newman, Kemulariella Bitkileri Listesi, Damarlı Bitkiler (Güner et al., 2012), The caucasica (Willd.) Tamamsch., Cirsium caucasicum International Plant Names Index (IPNI, 2015) and the (Adams) Petrak, C. obvallatum (M.Bieb.) Fischer, Cyanus Plant List (PL, 2013). The abbreviations used in the text cheiranthifolius (Willd.) Sojak, Veronica liwanensis L., and in the floristic list are as follows: CR: Critically Crocus scharojanii Rupr., Aegilops tauschii Cosson, Poa endangered; EN: Endangered; LC: Least concern; NT: Near caucasica Trin.] taxa in VU, 2 endemic [Ballota threat. rotundifolia C.Koch, Bromus armenus Boiss.] and 1 nonendemic [Astrantia maxima Pall. subsp. maxima] taxa 3. RESULTS in NT, 15 endemic [Genista aucheri Boiss., Chesneya elegans Fomin., Tragopogon aureus Boiss. Androsace As a result of this study, 448 taxa, belong to 302 genera armeniaca var. macrantha (Boiss. & A.Huet.) Martelli, from 75 families were identified. 16 of them belonged to Convolvulus pseudoscammonia C.Koch., Moltkia aurea Pteridophyta and the remaining 432 taxa were Boiss., Alkanna cordifolia C.Koch, Salvia rosifolia Sm., Magnoliophyta, which included 5 taxa from the Pinidae Salvia huberi Hedge, Veronica oltensis Woronow ex and 427 taxa from the Magnoliidae. The dispersion of the Elenensky, Linaria genistifolia (L.) Mill. subsp. plant taxa that were defined in the study area according confertiflora (Boiss.) Davis, Galium margaceum Ehrend. & to the large taxonomical groups was shown in Table 2. Schönb.-Tem, Elymus lazicus (Boiss.) Melderis, Helictotrichon argaeum (Boiss.) Parsa] and 36 Table 2. The numbers of taxa in large taxonomical groups. nonendemic [Equisetum hyemale L., E. fluviatile L., E. Number of Families Number of Taxa telmateia Ehrh., Adiantum capillus-veneris L., Abies Pteridophyta 5 16 nordmanniana (Stev.) Spach subsp. nordmanniana, Magnoliophyta 70 432 Juniperus oxycedrus L. subsp. oxycedrus, J. foetidissima Pinidae 2 5 Willd., J. excelsa Bieb., Ruta suaveolens DC., Sorbus Magnoliidae 68 427 subfusca (Ledeb.) Boiss., Lythrum salicaria L., Sempervivum transcaucasicum Heracleum Total 75 448 Muirhead, sphondylium L. subsp. cyclocarpum (C.Koch) Davis, Primula auriculata Lam., Androsace armeniaca var. The total endemism rate is 6.8%, with 35 taxa. All rare macrantha (Boiss. & A. Huet) Martelli, Centaurium taxa (18 endemic and 63 nonendemic) were evaluated erythraea Rafn. subsp. erythraea, Swertia iberica Fisch. ex according to IUCN risk categories (Ekim et al., 2000; IUCN, C.A.Mey., Convolvulus pseudoscammonia C.Koch, 2018). The distribution of the threat categories are as Mentha longifolia (L.) L., Veronica anagalis-aquatica L., follows: 3 endemic taxa in CR [Lathyrus woronowii Carpinus betulus L., C. orientalis Mill., carpinifolia Bomm., Helichrysum artvinense Davis & Kupicha, Iris Scop., Betula pendula Roth., Salix alba L., S. excelsa J.F. nezahatiae Güner & H. Duman], 7 endemic [Clypeola Gmelin, Juncus inflexus L., J.effusus L., Cyperus glaber L., raddeana Albov., Alcea calvertii (Boiss.) Boiss., Acer Alopecurus aequalis Sobol, Phalaris arundinacea L., cappadocicum Gled. subsp. divergens (K. Koch ex Paxton) Phleum alpinum L., P. australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel, Poa A.E. Murray, Sorbus caucasica Zinserl var. yaltirikii Gökşin, angustifolia L., P. annua L., Polypogon viridis (Govan) Bupleurum schistosum Woronow, Psephellus Breistr.] taxa in LC. appendicigerus (K. Koch) Wagenitz, Psephellus pecho Wagenitz] and 1 nonendemic [Knautia montana (Bieb.)

19 | Akyıldırım Beğen H, Yüksel E (2018). Turkish Journal of Biodiversity 1(1): 17-23 The flora of Alanbaşı and Bakırtepe villages (Yusufeli, Artvin, Turkey) and its surroundings

Table 3. The phytogeographical spectra of the taxa (%) in this study and other studies. Study Eminağaoğlu et al. Yüksel and Eminağaoğlu Eminağaoğlu et Eminağaoğlu & Güner et al. Güner Area (2018) Eminağaoğlu (2017) (2009) al. (2007) Anşin (2003) (1987) (1983) Taxa 448 566 651 459 963 769 1430 1024 Euro-Siberian 31.5 22.90 50.08 17.2 48.90 35.60 48.25 40.82 Irano-Turanian 15.9 14 2.92 17.6 2.00 6.90 5.73 4.00 Mediterranean 3.3 2.40 0.77 2.6 2.00 2.20 3.01 1.46 Endemism 6.8 3.20 2.92 7.6 1.10 7.40 18.46 20.02

Table 4. Comparison of the 10 families containing the most species in studies conducted in nearby regions (%). Families Study Eminağaoğlu et Yüksel and Eminağaoğlu Eminağaoğlu et Eminağaoğlu & Güner et Güner Area al. (2018) Eminağaoğlu (2017) (2009) al. (2007) Anşin (2003) al. (1987) (1983) Poaceae 12.1 6.7 6.8 8.7 7.0 4.9 10.7 6.5 Asteraceae 11,2 6.3 12.0 8.1 11.5 9.5 12.5 13.2 Rosaceae 5,9 6.7 5.9 3.0 6.1 6.5 5.0 5.9 Fabaceae 5.5 5.6 4.6 8.1 6.0 8.7 4.8 5.8 Lamiaceae 5,1 6.7 4.3 4.5 4.5 5.5 4.3 4.3 Brassicaceae 3.9 4.5 4.3 5.0 4.6 6.4 4.4 4.2 Apiaceae 3.9 2.8 2.6 4.1 2.5 1.7 3.3 3.2 Boraginaceae 3.3 3.8 2.8 3.4 3.6 3.3 - 2.7 Caryophyllaceae 1.5 3.8 3.2 5.0 3.0 3.7 3.9 4.0 Ranunculaceae 0.7 3.5 3.1 1.3 3.2 4.2 - 2.7

4. CONCLUSIONS The largest families in terms of number of genera were Poaceae (34), Asteraceae (39), Lamiaceae (16), The research area is included in the Colchic sub-section of Brassicaceae (17), Boraginaceae (14), Rosaceae (17), the European-Siberian phytogeographic area of the Fabaceae (16), Apiaceae (17), Caryophyllaceae (8), Holarctic region in terms of plant geography. The reason Ranunculaceae (4). The richest families in terms of of this plant diversity is that the area is located close to number of taxa were Poaceae (62), Asteraceae (57), one of the 144 Important Plant Areas of Turkey Lamiaceae (26), Brassicaceae (20), Boraginaceae (17), "Important Plant Areas Yalnızçam mountains" and "Coruh Rosaceae (30), Fabaceae (28), Apiaceae (20), Valley Important Plant Areas" (Özhatay et al., 2005). Caryophyllaceae (6), Ranunculaceae (4). The total ratio of the 10 major families is 53.1%, with the remaining The endemic elements and phytogeographical families comprising 46.9% (Table 4). The major family percentages are given in Table 3. Endemism ratio is 6.8 % order in our study is concordant with the Flora of Turkey and similar with other floristic studies (Güner, 1983; (Güner et al., 2000). Güner et al., 1987; Anşin et al., 2000; Eminağaoğlu & Anşin, 2003; Eminağaoğlu et al., 2007, 2018; Yüksel & A comparison of families in terms of the largest number Eminağaoğlu, 2017). Çevreli village, which is the nearest of species found in this study and in previous studies place to Alanbası and Bakırtepe has similar endemism carried out in nearby regions is given in Table 4. The data ratio (7.6%) (Eminağaoğlu, 2009). of this research are similar to those of other studies (Güner, 1983; Güner et al., 1987; Eminağaoğlu & Anşin, The study area is located in a transitional zone among this 2003; Eminağaoğlu et al., 2007; Eminağaoğlu, 2009; three phytogeographic region. The Euro-Siberian Yüksel & Eminağaoğlu, 2017; Eminağaoğlu et al., 2018). elements (31.5%) seem to be dominant in all areas studied and the Irano-Turanian elements (15.9%) come In this study, Poa (9), Trifolium (7), Geranium (6), Veronica second. When the distribution of taxa determined by (6), Epilobium (6), Salix (6), Salvia (5), Campanula (5), phytogeographic regions is examined, it is seen that the Festuca (5), Psephellus (5), Sorbus (5) are the richest Euro-Siberian elements are common in the all works. genera with their taxon number. Mediterranean taxa were determined in some regions like other studies with low number of taxa (Table 3).

20 | Akyıldırım Beğen H, Yüksel E (2018). Turkish Journal of Biodiversity 1(1): 17-23 The flora of Alanbaşı and Bakırtepe villages (Yusufeli, Artvin, Turkey) and its surroundings

Tchihatchewia isatidea, Lathyrus woronowii, Helichrysum artvinense, Iris nezahatiae, Acer cappadocicum subsp. divergens which have limited distribution area in this region. Due to having very rich floristic diversity, the research area should be protected.

The ecological integrity in Artvin is threatened by various factors, such as mining, agricultural fields expansion, investment projects, and tourism. The research area has been exposed to a couple of these factors (roadworks, dam construction etc.) and this kind of human impact may cause habitat changes and destruction of rare and endemic species in the area. Figure 4. General view of Acer cappadocicum subsp. divergens (Photo: H.Akyıldırım Beğen) Endemic and non-endemic rare species detected in the study area, especially Iris caucasica, I. nezahatiae, Lathyrus woronowii, Genista aucheri, Lamium galactophyllum and Tchihatchewia isatidea may be affected by dam activities and endangers their generations (Figure 3-6).

Finally, these areas need to be protected and monitored. Inspection of the mining operations carried out should be done regularly and mining activities should not be started in excess of the required area.

Figure 5. General view of Lathyrus woronowi (Photo: E.Yüksel)

Figur 3. General view of Tchihatchewia isatidea (Photo: Ö.Eminağaoğlu)

Figure 6. General view of Androsace armeniaca var. macrantha (Photo: Ö.Eminağaoğlu)

21 | Akyıldırım Beğen H, Yüksel E (2018). Turkish Journal of Biodiversity 1(1): 17-23 The flora of Alanbaşı and Bakırtepe villages (Yusufeli, Artvin, Turkey) and its surroundings

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İstanbul: Nezahat Gökyiğit Convolvulus pseudoscammonia Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını. C.Koch. Endemic LC

22 | Akyıldırım Beğen H, Yüksel E (2018). Turkish Journal of Biodiversity 1(1): 17-23 The flora of Alanbaşı and Bakırtepe villages (Yusufeli, Artvin, Turkey) and its surroundings

Moltkia aurea Boiss. Endemic LC J. excelsa Bieb. Non Endemic LC Alkanna cordifolia C.Koch Endemic LC Ruta suaveolens DC. Non Endemic LC Salvia rosifolia Sm. Endemic LC Sorbus subfusca (Ledeb.) Boiss. Non Endemic LC Salvia huberi Hedge Endemic LC Lythrum salicaria L. Non Endemic LC Veronica oltensis Woronow ex Endemic LC Sempervivum transcaucasicum Elenensky Muirhead Non Endemic LC Astragalus campylosema Boiss. Endemic NE Heracleum sphondylium L. subsp. Astraalus xylobasis Freyn et Bomm. Endemic NE cyclocarpum (C. Koch) Davis Non Endemic LC Onobrychis stenostachya Freyn Endemic NE Primula auriculata Lam. Non Endemic LC Lamium galactophyllum Boiss. et Androsace armeniaca var. macrantha Reuter Endemic NE (Boiss. & A. Huet) Martelli Non Endemic LC Ballota rotundifolia C.Koch Endemic NT Centaurium erythraea Rafn. subsp. Knautia montana (Bieb.) DC Non Endemic EN erythraea Non Endemic LC Dryopteris abbreviata (DC.) Newman Non Endemic VU Swertia iberica Fisch. ex C.A.Mey. Non Endemic LC Kemulariella caucasica (Willd.) Convolvulus pseudoscammonia Tamamsch. Non Endemic VU C.Koch Non Endemic LC Circium caucasicum (Adams) Petrak Non Endemic VU Mentha longifolia (L.) L. Non Endemic LC C. obvallatum (M. Bieb.) Fischer Non Endemic VU Veronica anagalis-aquatica L. Non Endemic LC Cyanus cheiranthifolius (Willd.) Sojak Non Endemic VU Carpinus betulus L. Non Endemic LC Veronica liwanensis L. Non Endemic VU C. orientalis Mill. Non Endemic LC Crocus scharojanii Rupr Non Endemic VU Scop. Non Endemic LC Aegilops tauschii Cosson Non Endemic VU Betula pendula Roth. Non Endemic LC Poa caucasica Trin. Non Endemic VU Salix alba L. Non Endemic LC Astrantia maxima Pall. subsp. Non Endemic NT S. excelsa J. F. Gmelin Non Endemic LC maxima Juncus inflexus L. Non Endemic LC Equisetum hyemale L. Non Endemic LC J.effusus L. Non Endemic LC E. fluviatile L. Non Endemic LC Cyperus glaber L. Non Endemic LC E. telmateia Ehrh. Non Endemic LC Alopecurus aequalis Sobol Non Endemic LC Adiantum capillus-veneris L. Non Endemic LC Phalaris arundinacea L. Non Endemic LC Abies nordmanniana (Stev.) Spach Phleum alpinum L. Non Endemic LC subsp. nordmanniana Non Endemic LC P. australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel Non Endemic LC Juniperus oxycedrus L. subsp. Non Endemic LC Poa angustifolia L. Non Endemic LC oxycedrus P. annua L. Non Endemic LC J. foetidissima Willd. Non Endemic LC Polypogon viridis (Govan) Breistr.) Non Endemic LC

23 | Akyıldırım Beğen H, Yüksel E (2018). Turkish Journal of Biodiversity 1(1): 17-23 Turkish Journal of Biodiversity

Turk J Biod, Dec 2018, 1(1): 24-33 Journal homepage: http://turkbiod.artvin.edu.tr/ http://dergipark.gov.tr/biodiversity E-ISSN: 2667-4386

RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access

Lota gölleri (Sivas, Türkiye) ve çevresinin florası

Flora of Lota lakes (Sivas, Turkey) and its surroundings

Hüseyin Aşkın AKPULAT Department of Mathematics-Science Education, Faculty of Education, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey

Article Info ÖZ ©2018 Ali Nihat Gökyiğit Botanical Bu çalışmada Lota Gölleri ve çevresi florası araştırılmıştır. Araştırman alanından, 2017-2018 yılları Garden Aplication and Research Center arasında 551 bitki örneği toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, 41 familya, 145 cinse ilişkin 256 takson of Artvin Coruh University. kaydedilmiştir. Tanımlanan taksonların hepsi Spermatophyta bölümüne aittir. Angiospermae alt Corresponding author: bölümüne ait taksonların 34’ü Monocotyledoneae, 222’si Dicotyledoneae sınıfında yer almaktadır. e-mail: [email protected] İçerdikleri takson sayısına göre en zengin ilk beş familya: Asteraceae 42 takson, Fabaceae 30 takson, Brassicaceae 25 takson, Lamiaceae 25 takson, Liliaceae 20 takson. İçerdikleri takson sayısına göre en ORCID: 0000-0001-8394-2746 zengin ilk 5 cins: Astragalus 11 takson, Salvia 9 takson, Centaurea 7 takson, Alyssum 6 takson, Achillea Article history 5 takson. Tespit edilen taksonların fitocoğrafik bölgelere göre dağılımı şöyledir: 107’si (% 41,8) İran Received: December 27, 2018 Turan elementi, 10’nu (% 3.9) Akdeniz elementi, 8’i (% 3,1) Avrupa Sibirya elementi, coğrafi bölgesi Received in revised form: December 29, bilinmeyenler ve birden fazla bölgeyi tercih edenler ise 131 (%51,2)’dir. Taksonların 59’u (% 23) 2018 Türkiye için endemiktir. Accepted: December 30, 2018 Available online: December 30, 2018 Citation ABSTRACT To cite this article: Akpulat HA (2018). In this study, flora of Lake Lota and its environs were investigated. 551 Plant samples were collected Lota gölleri (Sivas, Türkiye) ve between 2017 and 2018. As a result of the research, 41 families, 145 genera and 256 taxa were çevresinin florası. Turk J Biod 1(1): 24- 33. determined. All of the identified taxa belong to Spermatophyta. 34 of the taxa belonging to the Angiospermae subsection are Monocotyledoneae and 222 are classified as Dicotyledoneae. The This is an Open Access richest first five families are Asteraceae 42 taxa, Fabaceae 30 taxa, Brassicaceae 25 taxa, Lamiaceae article under the CC BY license 25 taxa, Liliaceae 20 taxa. The richest five genera are Astragalus 11 taxa, Salvia 9 taxa, Centaurea 7 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses taxa, Alyssum 6 taxa, Achillea 5 taxa. The distribution of the taxa according to the phytogeographical /by/4.0/). regions was as follows: 107 (41.8%) Iranian Turanian, 10 (3.9%) Mediterranean elements, 8 (3.1%) European Siberian elements. 131 (51,2%) unknown. 59 taxa (23%) are endemic to Turkey. Anahtar kelimeler: Flora, Lota Gölü, Sivas.

Keywords: Flora, Lota Lake, Sivas.

Sivas ili, Doğu Anadolu’daki endemiklerin yoğunlaştığı 1. GİRİŞ diyagonal kuşak üzerinde bulunması, Iran–Turan bitki coğrafyası bölgesinde yer almasının yanında Avrupa- Sivas İli, İç Anadolu Bölgesi’nin doğusundadır. Davis Sibirya ve Akdeniz bitki coğrafyası bölgesinde ait (1971)’in kareleme sistemine göre geneli B6 karesinde, bitkilerinde yer alması ve jipsli alanların bulunmasından çok az bir kısmı A6, A7 ve B7 karelerinde bulunmaktadır dolayı önem teşkil etmektedir (Ekim vd., 2000; Davis, (Şekil 1). Sivas İli’nin denizden yüksekliği 1285 m olup, 1985, 1988; Akpulat, 2002). 28488 km²’lik yüzölçümüyle Türkiye’nin ikinci büyük şehridir. Sivas ili Türkiye’de yetişen bitkilerin %18’i Sivas ilinde yetişmektedir (Ekim vd., 2000; Davis, 1965-1985).

24 | Akpulat HA (2018). Turkish Journal of Biodiversity. 1 (1): 24-33 Lota Gölleri (Sivas) ve Çevresi Florası

içinde olan araştırma alanında tipik karasal iklim görülmektedir. Dolayısıyla yaz ayları çoğunlukla kurak ve sıcak, kış ayalarında ise genellikle soğuk ve kar yağışlıdır (Akpulat & Çelik, 2005; Akman, 1999).

Şekil 1. Sivas İli Haritası

Sivas İlin’de, Hafik Gölü, Tödürge Gölü, Ulaş Gölü, Gürün Gökpınar Gölü ve Lota Gölleri olmak üzere birçok doğal göl bulunmaktadır. Bu göllerden ayrıntılı olarak yalnızca Tödürge gölünün bitki florası çalışılmıştır (Çelik & Akpulat, 2009). Avrupa’da sadece Türkiye ve İspanya’da jipsli alanlar bulunur (Akpulat & Çelik, 2005). Türkiye’deki jips dağılımı ise en fazla Sivas ilinde görülmektedir. Bu da Sivas’ın biyoçeşitliliğini ve endemizm oranını artırmaktadır. Sivas’ta jipsli alanlarda yapılan floristik çalışmada endemizm oranı % 35.8’dir (Akpulat & Çelik, 2005). Son yıllarda Sivas ilinde son zamanlarda yeni türler bulunmuştur. Bunlardan bazıları; Achillea sivasica Çelik ve Akpulat (Akpulat & Çelik, 2008), Gysophila turcica Hamzaoglu (Hamzaoğlu, 2012), Gagea sivasica Hamzaoglu (Hamzaoğlu vd., 2008), Marrubium sivasense Aytac, Akgul ve Ekici (Aytaç vd., 2012).

Araştırma yaptığımız Lota Gölleri, Hafik ilçesinin 5 km doğusunda ve Sivas-Erzurum karayolunun kuzeyinde yer almaktadır (Şekil 2).

Sivas ili, 36°-39° doğu boylamları ile 39°- 40° kuzey enlemleri arasında yer almaktadır. Göller ise 1280-1295 m yükseltiler arasında, 39°51'46.93''K ve 37°27'1.43''D koordinatlarında bulunmaktadır. Göller genellikle derin sayılmaz fakat bazı yerlerde derinlik 10-18 m’ye kadar ulaşmaktadır. Sivas İmranlı arası jipsli ve kalkerli bir ana kayaya sahiptir. Özellikle Tödürge ve Lota Gölleri karstik çöküntü sonucu oluşmuşlardır. Kızılırmak havzası denilen bu bölgenin jeolojisine bakıldığı zaman, kireçtaşı, jips ve Şekil 2. Lota Gölleri Genel Görünüşü marndan meydana geldiği görülmektedir. Sivas ili sınırları

25 | Akpulat HA (2018). Turkish Journal of Biodiversity. 1(1): 24-33 Lota Gölleri (Sivas) ve Çevresi Florası

2. MATERYAL VE YÖNTEM Bupleurum gerardii All. 1; 25.07.2017, Akpulat 6502. Bupleurum rotundifolium L. 1; 25.07.2017, Akpulat 6504. Araştırmanın ana materyalini oluşturan bitki örnekleri Caucalis platycaroa L. 2; 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6375, Medit. 2017-2018 yılları arasında toplanmıştır. Arazi çalışmaları Echinophora tenuifolia L. subsp. sibthorpiana (Guss.) Tutin 3; 30.08.2018, Akpulat 7750, Ir-Tur. sonucunda toplanan örneklerin, adlandırmada gerekli Falcaria vulgaris Bernh. 3; 01.08.2018, Akpulat 7431. karakterleri taşımasına dikkat edilerek, arazide gerekli Ferula szowitsiana DC. 2; 20.07.2017, Akpulat 6490, Ir-Tur. notlar tutulmuş, toplanan örnekler numaralandırılıp, Ferulago platycarpa Boiss.& Bal. 4; 20.07.2017, Akpulat 6495, gazete kâğıdı arasına yerleştirilerek, bu gazete kâğıtları Endemik LC, Ir-Tur. arasına konan kurutma kâğıtlarıyla birlikte pres yapılmış, Pimpinella anisetum Boiss.& Bal. 1; 25.07.2017, Akpulat 6510, her gün kurutma kâğıtları ve gazete kâğıtları Endemik NT, Ir-Tur. değiştirilerek, sağlıklı bir kurutma işlemi Turgenia latifolia (L.) Hoffm. 5; 21.07.2017, Akpulat 6495. gerçekleştirilmiştir. Zosima absinthifolia (Vent.) Link. 4; 30.08.2018, Akpulat 7755. Asteraceae Bitkilerin adlandırılmasında 11 ciltlik Türkiye Florasından Achillea bibersteni Afan 3; 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6370, Ir-Tur. Achillea sintenisii Hub.-Mor. 3; 25.06.2017, Akpulat 6255, yararlanılmıştır (Davis, 1965-1985; Davis vd.,1988; Güner Endemik NT, Ir-Tur. vd., 2000). Achillea setacea Waldst. & Kit. 3; 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6250, Euro-Sib. Endemik bitkilerin risk kategorileri “Türkiye Bitkileri Achillea teretifolia Willd. 3; 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6260, Endemik Kırmızı Kitabı” (Ekim vd., 2000) ve IUCN (2018)’e göre LC, Ir-Tur. değerlendirilmiştir. Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch.1; 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6261, Ir-Tur. Bitkiler) kitabından da yararlanılmıştır (Güner vd., 2012). Anthemis cretica L. subsp. pontica (Wild.) Grierson, 4; Bitki yazar isimlerinin kısaltmaları Brummit (1992)’e göre 28.06.2017, Akpulat 6451. standardize edilmiştir. Anthemis tinctoria L. var.tinctoria 1; 20.07.2017, Akpulat 6498. Anthemis fumariifolia Boiss. 2; 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6260, Endemik LC, Ir-Tur. Bitki listesinde yer alan familya ve cins sıralanması Artemisia austriaca Jacq. 1; 20.07.2017, Akpulat 6499. alfabetik olarak verilmiştir. Centaurea carduiformis DC. subsp. carduiformis var.carduiformis 4; 29.07.2017, Akpulat 6380. 3. BULGULAR C entaurea depressa Bieb. 1; 24.06.2018, Akpulat 7004. Centaurea kotschyi (Boiss.& Heldr.) Hayek. var.floccosa (Boiss.) 3.1. Lokaliteler Wagenitz, 1; 24.06.2018, Akpulat 7004, Endemik NT. Lota Gölleri ve etrafından toplanan bitki örnekleri Centaurea pichleri Boiss. subsp.pichleri 2; 27.06.2017, Akpulat lokasyonları: 6255. 1.Türkiye, B6 Sivas, Hafik, Lota Gölleri kuzey kısmı, step Centaurea poypotiifoia L. var. polypotiifolia 4; 27.06.2017, alanlar,1280-1290 m. Akpulat 6280, Ir-Tur. Centaurea solstitialis L. subsp. solstitalis 4; 02.08.2018, Akpulat 2. Türkiye, B6 Sivas, Hafik, Lota Gölleri güney kısmı, jipsli 7480. alanlar,1280-1300 m. Centaurea virgata Lam. 3; 02.08.2018, Akpulat 7482, Ir-Tur. 3. Türkiye, B6 Sivas, Hafik, Lota Gölleri batı kısmı, jipsli Cichorium intybus L. 4; 20.07.2017, Akpulat 6482, Ir-Tur. alanlar,1290-1295 m. Cirsium arvense (L) Scop. subsp. vestitum 4; 22.07.2017, 4. Türkiye, B6 Sivas, Hafik, Lota Gölleri doğu kısmı, jipsli Akpulat 6482. alanlar,1295-1300 m. Crepis foetida L. subsp. rhoeadifolia (Bieb.) Celak 3; 01.09.2018, 5. Türkiye, B6 Sivas, Hafik, Lota Gölleri bataklık ve Akpulat 7583. civarı,1280-1285 m. Echinops pungens L. 4; 22.07.2017, Akpulat 6488, Ir-Tur. Gundelia tournefortii L. var.tournefortii 3; 21.05.2017, Akpulat 6128, Ir-Tur. 3.2. Sistematik Liste Helichrysum chionophilum Boiss. & Bal. 3; 27.06.2017, Akpulat Angiospermae 6248, Endemik LC. Dicotyledoneae/ Magnoliopsida Helichrysum noeanum Boiss. 3; 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6250, Acanthaceae Endemik LC, Ir-Tur. Acanthus hirsutus Boiss. 3; 20.07.2017, Akpulat 6497, Ir-Tur. Helichrysum plicatum DC. subsp.plicatum 2; 22.07.2017, Apiaceae Akpulat 6444. Bupleurum croceum Fenzl. 1; 25.07.2017, Akpulat 6500, Ir-Tur.

26 | Akpulat HA (2018). Turkish Journal of Biodiversity. 1(1): 24-33 Lota Gölleri (Sivas) ve Çevresi Florası

Helminthotheca echioides (L.) Holub. 4; 22.07.2017, Akpulat Brassicaceae 6447. armenum Boiss. 1; 18.03.2018, Akpulat 7382, Ir- Leontodon hispidus L. var. hispidus 4; 21.07.2017, Akpulat 6449, Tur. Euro-Sib. Aethionema iberideum (Boiss.) Boiss. 4; 20.04.2017, Akpulat Jurinea consanguinea DC. 5; 20.07.2017, Akpulat 6447. 6005. Picnomon acarna (L.) Cass. 3; 01.08.2018, Akpulat 7566, Medit. Alyssum aureum (Fenzl) Boiss. 4; 20.04.2017, Akpulat 6001, Ir- Scariola orientalis (Boiss.) Sojak. 3; 01.08.2018, Akpulat 7569, Tur. Ir-Tur. Alyssum condensatum Boiss. & Hausskn. subsp. condensatum Scorzonera parviflora Jacq. 1; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6069. 3; 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6332. Scorzonera sericea DC. 3; 01.08.2018, Akpulat 7560 Endemik Alyssum desertorum Stapf. var.desertorum 4; 22.05.2017, LC, Ir-Tur. Akpulat 6359. Scorzonera suberosa C.Koch. subsp. suberosa 2; 22.05.2017, Alyssum hirsutum Bieb. 1; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6144. Akpulat 6069. Alyssum macropodum Boiss.& Bal. var.macropodum 2; Scorzonera tomentosa L. 3; 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6124, Endemik 20.07.2017, Akpulat 6482, Endemik LC, Ir-Tur. LC, Ir-Tur. Alyssum minus (L.) Rothm. var.minus 2; 22.05.2017, Akpulat Senecio vernalis Waldst.& Kit. 3; 01.09.2018, Akpulat 7583. 6252. Tanacetum heterotomum (Bornm.) Grierson. 1; 22.05.2017, Barbarea minor Koch. var. minor 2; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6262. Akpulat 6112, Endemik VU, Ir-Tur. Brassica elongata Ehrb. 1; 20.04.2017, Akpulat 6000, Ir-Tur. Taraxacum montanum (C.A.Mey.) DC. Ir-Tur. 1; 22.05.2017, Cardaria draba (L.) Desv. subsp.chalepensis (L.) Schulz. 3; Akpulat 6069. 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6100, Ir-Tur. Taraxacum revertens G. Hagl. 1; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6037, Chrysochamela noeana (Boiss.) Boiss. 2; 22.05.2017, Akpulat Endemik LC, Ir-Tur. 6110, Endemik EN, Ir-Tur. Tetragonolobus maritimus (L.) Roth. 2; 27.06.2017, Akpulat Chrysochamela velutina (DC) Boiss 4; 20.04.2017, Akpulat 5991, 6315. Ir-Tur. Tragopogon coloratus C.A.Mey. 3; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6022, Ir- Conringia orientalis (L.) Andrz. 2; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6184. Tur. Conringia perfoliata (C.A.Mey) Busch 2; 22.05.2017, Akpulat Tragopogon buphthalmoites DC.Boiss. 4; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6181. 6024, Ir-Tur. Erysimum crassipes Fisch.& Mey. 3; 20.04.2017, Akpulat 5984. Xeranthemum annuum L. 3; 20.07.2017, Akpulat 6224. Erysimum smyrnaeum Boiss. & Bal. 4; 20.07.2017, Akpulat Xeranthemum longipapposum Fisch & C.A.Mey. 1; 22.05.2017, 5891. Akpulat 6053, Ir-Tur. Isatis glauca Aucher ex Boiss. subsp. iconia (Boiss. et Heldr.) Berberidaceae Davis 3; 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6207, Endemik LC, Ir-Tur. Berberis crataegina DC. 1; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6044, Ir-Tur. Isatis glauca Aucher. ex Boiss. subsp. sivasica (Davis) Yıldırımlı Boraginaceae 3; 20.04.2017, Akpulat 5886, Endemik VU, Ir-Tur. Anchusa azurea Miller. var. azurea 2; 27.05.2017, Akpulat 6345. Hesperis thyrsoidea Boiss 1; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6175. Anchusa leptophylla Roem. & Schult. subsp. leptophylla 2; Iberis taurica DC. 1; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6177. 27.05.2017, Akpulat 6346. Matthiola anchonifolia Hub.-Mor., 2; 22.05.2017, Akpulat Cerinthe minor L. subsp. auriculata (Ten.) Domac 3; 27.06.2017, 6221.Endemik NT, Ir-Tur. Akpulat 6355. Sisymbrium loeselii L. 2; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6201. Lapula barbata (Bieb.) Gürke.1; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6044, Ir- Thlaspi bornmuelleri (Rech.) Hedge. 1; 22.05.2017, Endemik Tur. VU, Ir-Tur. Moltkia coerulea (Willd.) Lehm. 2; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6049. Thlaspi perfoliatum L. 4; 20.04.2017, Akpulat 5964. Nonea stenosolen Boiss. & Bal. 2; 21.05.2017, Akpulat 6012, Campanulaceae Endemik LC, Ir-Tur. Asyneuma limonifolium (L.) Janchen subsp. limonifolium 2; Onosma molle DC. 3; 21.05.2017, Akpulat 6026, Ir-Tur. 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6190. Onosma sintenisii Hausskn. ex Bornm, 3; 27.06.2017, Akpulat Asyneuma lobelioides (Willd.) Hand.- Mazz. 1; 22.05.2017, 6372, Endemik VU, Ir-Tur. Akpulat 6177, Ir-Tur. Onosma trapezuntea Boiss. & Huet. ex. Hand. Mazz. 3; Caprifoliaceae 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6376, Endemik LC. Scabiosa argentea L. 3; 01.08.2018, Akpulat 7538. Paracaryum racemosum (Shreb,) Britten var. rasemosum 3; Scabiosa rotata Bieb., 4; 01.08.2018, Akpulat 7540, Ir-Tur. 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6382, Endemik LC, East Medit. Caryophyllaceae Paracaryum lithospermifolium (Lam.) Grande. subsp. cariense Agrostemma githago L. 2; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6090. var. erectum. R. Mill. 2; 21.05.2017, Akpulat 6038, Endemik LC, Gypsophila eriocalyx Boiss. 2; 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6074, Ir-Tur. Endemik LC, Ir-Tur.

27 | Akpulat HA (2018). Turkish Journal of Biodiversity. 1(1): 24-33 Lota Gölleri (Sivas) ve Çevresi Florası

Gypsophila heteripoda subsp. minutiflora 2; 27.06.2017, Astragalus karamasicus Boiss. & Bal. 2; 27.06.2017, Akpulat Akpulat 6077, Endemik DD. 6310, Endemik LC, Ir-Tur. Gypsophila perfoliata L. 2; 20.07.2017, Akpulat 6474, Endemik Astragalus lycius Boiss. 1; 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6318, Endemik LC. LC. Holosteum umbellatum L. var. umbellatum 1; 22.05.2017, Astragalus microcephalus Willd.3; 01.08.2018, Akpulat 7414, Ir- Akpulat 6040. Tur. Minuartia anatolica (Boiss.) Woron. var. tetrasticha McNeill 3; Astragalus plumosus Willd. var. plumosus 4; 20.07.2017, 01.08.2018, Akpulat 7423, Endemik NT, Ir-Tur. Akpulat 6257. Minuartia corymbulosa (Boiss.& Bal.) Mc Neill. var. Astragalus xylobasis Freyn & Bornm. 4; 22.05.2017, Akpulat corymbulosa 3; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6102, Endemik NT, Ir-Tur. 6245, Ir-Tur. Minuartia erthrosepala (Boiss.) Hand.-Mazz. var. erthrosepala Colutea cilicica Boiss. & Bal. 1; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6222. 2; 20.07.2017, Akpulat 6474. Coronilla varia L. 1; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6230. Minuartia neglectum Guss. 2; 20.07.2017, Akpulat 6431. Genista albida Willd. 2; 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6240. Saponaria prostrata Willd. subsp. prostrata 2; 20.07.2017, Ebenus laguroides Boiss. 2; 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6252, Endemik Akpulat 6362, Endemik LC, Ir-Tur. LC, Ir-Tur. Silene alba (Miller.) Krause. subsp. eriocalycina (Boiss.) Walters. Glycyrrhiza echinata L. 1; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6274. 4; 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6487. Hedysarum pestalozzae Boiss. 3; 20.07.2017, Akpulat 6367, Silene caryophylloides (Poir.) Otth subsp. masmenaea (Boiss.) Endemik LC, Ir-Tur. Coode & Cullen 3; 01.09.2018, Akpulat 7647. Hedysarum varium Wild.Ir-Tur. 3; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6233. Silene spergulifolia (Desf.) Bieb. 4; 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6473, Ir- Lathyrus aphaca L. var. affinis (Guss.) Arc. 1; 22.05.2017, Tur. Akpulat 6246. Silene supina Bieb. subsp. pruinosa (Boiss.) Chowdh. 2; Lathyrus aphaca L. var. biflorus Post 2; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 20.07.2017, Akpulat 6521. 6254. Silene vulgaris (Moench.) Garcke. var. vulgaris 1; 22.07.2017, Medicago x varia Martyn. 5; 20.07.2017, Akpulat 6369. Akpulat 6501, Ir-Tur. Medicago officinalis (L.) Desr. 4; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6297. Vaccaria pyramidata Medik. var. grandiflora (Fisch. ex DC.) Medicago falcata L. 3; 01.08.2018, Akpulat 7479. Culle 1; 22.07.2017, Akpulat 6496. Melilotus officinalis (L.) Desr. 4; 01.09.2018, Akpulat 7558. Cistaceae Onobrychis argyrea Boiss. subsp. argyrea 2; 27.06.2017, Fumana aciphylla Boiss., 4; 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6471, Ir-Tur. Akpulat 6319, Ir-Tur. Helianthemum nummularium (L.) Miller. subsp. lycaonicum Onobrychis oxyodonta Boiss. subsp. armena (Boiss. & Huet) Coode.& Cullen. 4; 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6466, Endemik LC. Aktoklu. 1; 20.07.2017, Akpulat 6390. Convolulaceae Onobrychis tournefortii (Willd.) Desv. 4; 22.05.2017, Akpulat Convolulus arvensis L. 4; 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6475. 6280, Endemik LC, Ir-Tur. Convolulus compactus Boiss. 4; 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6476. Tetragonolobus maritimus (L.) Roth 3; 01.08.2018, Akpulat Crassulaceae 7561. Sedum album L. 1; 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6463. Vicia cracca L.var. stenophylla 1; 20.07.2017, Akpulat 6412. Euphorbiaceae Geraniaceae Euphorbia macroclada Boiss. 3; 01.08.2018, Akpulat 7526, Ir- Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’ Herit. subsp. cicutarium 1; Tur. 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6170. Euphorbia virgata Waldst. & Kit. 4; 20.07.2017, Akpulat 6461. Globulariaceae Fabaceae Globularia orientalis L. 1; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6177. Astragalus aucheri Boiss. 1; 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6368, Ir-Tur. Globularia trichosantha Fisch & Mey. 4; 22.05.2017, Akpulat Astragalus camplosema Boiss. subsp. camplosema 2; 6247. 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6443, Endemik LC, Ir-Tur. Hypericaceae Astragalus christianus L. 2; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6244, Ir-Tur. Hypericum linarioides Bosse 1; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6110. Astragalus densifolius Lam. subsp. densifolius 2; 22.05.2017, Hypericum lydium Boiss. 2; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6155, Ir-Tur. Akpulat 6240, Ir-Tur. Hypericum scabrum L. 4; 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6328, Ir-Tur. Astragalus dipsaceus Bunge. 4; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6237, Hypericum thymopsis Boiss. 2; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6170, Endemik LC, Ir-Tur. Endemik NT, Ir-Tur. Astragalus glaucophyllus Bunge. 4; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6235 Ir- Illecebraceae Tur. Paronychia arabica (L.) DC. subsp. euphratica Chaudhri 2; Astragalus hirsutus Vahl. 2; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6214, Endemik 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6393, Endemik VU, Ir-Tur. LC, Ir-Tur. Paronychia kurdica Boiss. subsp.kurdica var.kurdica 4; 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6382.

28 | Akpulat HA (2018). Turkish Journal of Biodiversity. 1(1): 24-33 Lota Gölleri (Sivas) ve Çevresi Florası

Lamiaceae Fumaria asepala Boiss. 3; 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6352, Ir-Tur. Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreber. subsp. chia (Schreber.) Glaucium acutidentatum Hausskn. & Bornm. 2; 22.05.2017, Arcangeli var.chia 2; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6201. Akpulat 6319, Endemik LC, Ir-Tur. Ajuga salicifolia (L.) Schreber. 4; 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6287, Ir- Papaver rhoeas L. 2; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6379. Tur. Polygalaceae Lamium orientale (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) E.H.L.Krause 2; Polygala monspeliaca L. 3; 20.07.2017, Akpulat 6268, Medit. 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6231, Ir-Tur. Polygala pruinosa Boiss. subsp. pruinosa 1; 20.07.2017, Marrubium globosum Montbret & Aucher ex Bentham. Akpulat 6280. subsp.globosum 4; 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6287, Rumex alpinus L. 5; 20.07.2017, Akpulat 6277. Marrubium parviflorum Fisch. & Mey. subsp.parviflorum 4; Plantaginaceae 20.07.2017, Akpulat 6237, Ir-Tur. Plantago major L. 5; 01.08.2018, Akpulat 7473. Phlomis oppositiflora Boiss. & Hausskn. 4; 20.07.2017, Akpulat Plantago martima L. 5; 01.08.2018, Akpulat 7476. 6237, Endemik LC, Ir-Tur. Ranunculaceae Phlomis physocalyx Hub.-Mor. 2; 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6441, Adonis aestivalis L. subsp. aestivalis 5; 22.05.2017, Akpulat Endemik VU, Ir-Tur. 6213. Phlomis pungens Willd. var. hirta Velen. 2; 27.06.2017, Akpulat Anemone blanda Schoot. Et Kotschy 5; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6419. 6222. Salvia absconditiflora (Montbret & Aucher ex Benth.) Greuter Consolida orientalis (Gay.) Schrod. 4; 27.06.2017, Akpulat & Burdet 1; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6113, Endemik LC, Ir-Tur. 6299, Ir-Tur. Salvia aethiopis L. 1; 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6449. Delphinium venulosum Boiss. 3; 20.07.2017, Akpulat 6344, Salvia candidissima Vahl. subsp. candidissima 3; 27.06.2017, Endemik LC, Ir-Tur. Akpulat 6411, Ir-Tur. Nigella latisecta P.H.Davis. 4; 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6278, Ir-Tur. Salvia multicaulis Vahl. 3; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6116, Ir-Tur. Ranunculus cuneatus Boiss. 5; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6188. Salvia pachystachys Trautv. 2; 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6425. Ranunculus damascenus Boiss. & Gaill. 4; 27.06.2017, Akpulat Salvia sclarea L. 1; 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6426, Ir-Tur. 6285, Ir-Tur. Salvia virgata Jacq. 2; 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6428. Resedaceae Sideritis montana L. subsp. montana Medit.. 3; 25.06.2017, Reseda lutea L. var. lutea 4; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6245. Akpulat 6465. Rosaceae Stachys annua (L.) L. subsp. annua var.annua 4; 25.05.2017, Potentilla geranioides Willd, 1; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6268, Ir- Akpulat 6261. Tur. Stachys lavandulifolia var. lavandifolia 3; 27.06.2017, Akpulat Potentilla meyeri Boiss. 3; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6260, Ir-Tur. 6288. Rosa canina L. 4; 26.09.2018, Akpulat 7584. Thymus pectinatus Fisch.& Mey. var. pectinatus 4; 20.07.2017, Sangiusorba minor Scop. subsp.minor 2; 27.06.2017, Akpulat Akpulat 6354, Endemik LC, Ir-Tur. 6275. Thymus sipyleus Boiss. subsp. rosulans (Borbas.) Jalas 3; Rubiaceae 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6390. Galium cilicicum Boiss.3; 01.08.2001, Akpulat2268, Endemik Thymus sipyleus Boiss. subsp. sipyleus var. sipyleus 4; LC, Doğu Medit. 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6396, Endemik LC, Galium verum L. subsp. verum 2; 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6287, Teucrium chamaedrys L. subsp. chamaedrys 3; 01.08.2018, Euro-Sib. Akpulat 7453, Euro-Sib. Cruciata taurica (Pall. ex Willd.) Ehr. 2; 27.06.2017, Akpulat Teucrium polium L. 2; 20.07.2017, Akpulat 6317. 6281, Ir-Tur. Ziziphora capitata L. 2; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6262, Ir-Tur. Rutaceae Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. 2; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6255, Ir- Haplophyllum telephioides Boiss. 2; 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6255, Tur. Endemik NT, Ir-Tur. Linaceae Scrophulariaceae Linum bienne Miller 4; 20.07.2017, Akpulat 6333, Medit. Linaria kurdica Boiss. & Hohen. subsp. kurdica 3; 20.07.2017, Linum hirsutum L. subsp. anatolicum (Boiss.) Hayek. var. Akpulat 6347, Ir-Tur. anatolicum 3; 20.07.2017, Akpulat 6288, Endemik LC, Ir-Tur. Odontites aucheri Boiss. 3; 20.07.2017, Akpulat 6354, Ir-Tur. Morinaceae Scrophularia lepidota Boiss. 3; 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6251, Morina persica L. var. decussatifolia S.Erik & N.Demirkuş 2; Endemik VU, Ir.-Tur. 20.07.2017, Akpulat 6247, Endemik EN, Ir-Tur. Verbascum flavidum (Boiss.) Freyn & Bornm. 4; 22.05.2017, Onograceae Akpulat 6144, Euro-Sib. Epilobium parviflorum Schreber. 5; 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6328. Verbascum wiedemannianum Fisch. & C.A.Mey. 3; 20.07.2017, Papaveraceae Akpulat 6377, Endemik NT, Ir-Tur.

29 | Akpulat HA (2018). Turkish Journal of Biodiversity. 1(1): 24-33 Lota Gölleri (Sivas) ve Çevresi Florası

Veronica multifida L. 3; 20.07.2017, Akpulat 6392, Ir-Tur. Scilla siberica Haw. subsp. armena (Grossh.) Mordak Solanaceae 3;18.03.2017, Akpulat 5955, Ir-Tur. Hyoscyamus niger L 3; 20.07.2017, Akpulat 6333. Poaceae Hyoscyamus reticulatus L. 1; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6065, Ir-Tur. Alopecurus myosuroides Hudson. var. myosuroides 5; Tamaricaceae 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6115, Euro-Sib. Tamarix smyrnensis Bunge 4; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6073. Bromus tomentellus Boiss. 5; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6117, Ir.-Tur. Thymeleaceae Poa bulbosa L. 4; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6120. Daphne oleoides Schreber. subsp. oleoides 3; 27.06.2017, Poa tectorum L. 3; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6125. Akpulat 6215. Poa timoleontis Heldr. ex Boiss. 4; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6127, Monocotyledoneae/ Liliopsida East Medit. Butomaceae Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. Ex Steud. 5; 22.05.2017, Butomus umbelletus 5; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6197, Euro-Sib. Akpulat 6161. Iridaceae Polygonaceae Crocus danfordiae Maw. 1; 18.03.2018, Akpulat 7411, Ir-Tur. Rumex crispus L. 5; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6187. Iris danfordiae Maw. 2; 18.03.2018, Akpulat 7420. Typhaceae Iris galatica Siehe 4; 13.04.2018, Akpulat 7491, Endemik LC, Ir- Typha angustifolia L. 5; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6193. Tur. Iris persica L. 2; 13.04.2018, Akpulat 7495, Ir-Tur. Juncaceae Juncus gerardi subsp. gerardi 5; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6184, 4. TARTIŞMA, SONUÇ VE ÖNERİLER Euro-Sib. Liliaceae Bu çalışmada; araştırma alanından toplanan 551 bitki Asphodeline globifera J. Gay ex Baker 1; 22.05.2017, Akpulat örneğinin isimlendirilmesi sonucunda, 41 familya, 145 6069. cins’e ait 256 bitki taksonu tespit edilmiştir. Doğal olan bu Asparagus officinalis L. 3; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6071. Colchicum szovitsii Fisch. & C.A.Mey. 4; 18.03.2017, Akpulat taksonların hepsi Spermatophyta bölümünün 5909, Ir.-Tur. Angiospermae alt bölümünde yer almaktadır. Bu Colchicum tripyllum 2; 18.03.2017, Akpulat 5938. taksonlardan 34’ü Monocotyledoneae, 222’si ise Allium atroviolaceum Boiss. 1; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6100. Dicotyledoneae sınıfına aittir. Çalışma alanında Allium lycaonicum Siehe ex Hayek. 1; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6110, Ir.-Tur. Gymnospermae alt bölümüne ait örnek yoktur. Çalışma Allium macrochaetum Boiss. & Hausskn. subsp. macrochaetum alanında toplam 59 endemik bitki taksonu belirlenmiştir. 2; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6111. Endemizm oranı %23’dür. Bazı endemik bitkilerin Allium pseudoflavum Vved. 4; 20.07.2017, Akpulat 6253. fotoğrafları Şekil 3-14’de verilmiştir. Allium scorodoprasum L. subsp. rotundum (L.) Stearn. 2; 27.06.2017, Akpulat 6442, Medit. Allium sivasicum Özhatay & Kollmann 2; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6128, Endemik LC, Ir-Tur. Bellevalia sarmatica (Pallas ex Georgi) Woronow 1; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6056. Fritillaria pinardii Boiss. 4; 18.03.2017, Akpulat 5923, Ir-Tur. Gagea villosa (Bieb.) Duby var. villosa 2; 23.04.2018, Akpulat 7567, Medit. Gagea villosa (Bieb.) Duby var. hermonis Dafni & Heyn. 4; 23.04.2018, Akpulat 7549, Ir-Tur. Hyacinthella acutiloba K.M.Perss. & Wendelbo 3; 20.04.2017, Akpulat 6147, Endemik LC, Ir-Tur. Muscari neglectum Guss. 3; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6057. Muscari aucheri (Boiss.) Baker 2; 23.04.2018, Akpulat 7422, Endemik LC. Scorzonera sericea Muscari anatolicum 2; 23.04.2018, Akpulat 7435, Endemik NT. Şekil 3. Ornithogalum alpigenum Stapf. 4; 22.05.2017, Akpulat 6102, Endemik NT, D.Medit.

30 | Akpulat HA (2018). Turkish Journal of Biodiversity. 1(1): 24-33 Lota Gölleri (Sivas) ve Çevresi Florası

Şekil 4. Onobrychis argyrea subsp.argyrea Şekil 7. Matthiola anchoniifolia

Şekil 8. Haplophyllum telephioides

Şekil 5. Nonea stenosolen Endemizm oranının yüksek çıkmasının nedeni, araştırma alanın kalkerli ve jipsli olmasıdır. Araştırma alanımıza yakın yerlerde yapılan çalışmalarda benzer endemizm oranları görülmektedir. Sivas ili Jipsli Alanlarının Florası % 35.8 (Akpulat & Çelik, 2005), Tödürge Gölü % 25.3 (Çelik & Akpulat, 2009), Hafik ve Çevresi Jipsli Toprakların Florası (Sivas) % 25.3 (Hamzaoğlu & Aydoğdu, 1993).

IUCN (2018)’e göre çalışma alanındaki endemik taksonlardan 2’si Tehlikede (EN), 6’sı Zarar Görebilir (VU), 11’si Tehlike Altına Girebilir (NT), 39’u Az Tehdit Altında (LC) ve 1’i Veri Yetersiz (DD) kategorilerinde yer almaktadır. Endemik olan, Chrysocamela noeana EN ve Achillea sintenisii NT, çalışma alanımızdaki tüm lokalitelerde bol miktarda bulunmaktadır.

Şekil 6. Thymus pectinatus var. pectinatus

31 | Akpulat HA (2018). Turkish Journal of Biodiversity. 1(1): 24-33 Lota Gölleri (Sivas) ve Çevresi Florası

İçerdikleri takson sayısına göre en zengin ilk beş familya: Asteraceae 42, Fabaceae 30, Lamiaceae 25, Brassicaceae 25, Liliaceae 20. Yakın çevrede gerçekleştirilen Sivas ili Jipsli Alanlarının Florası (Akpulat & Çelik, 2005), Tödürge Gölü florası (Çelik & Akpulat, 2009), Hafik ve Çevresi Jipsli Toprakların Florası (Hamzaoğlu & Aydoğdu, 1993) gibi çalışmalar ile en zengin ilk üç familya bakımından benzerlik göstermektedir. Sivas da yapılan tüm floristik çalışmalarda ilk sırada Asteraceae familyası yer almaktadır. Bunun başlıca nedeni step alanların fazla olması ve familyanın geniş ekolojik tolerans göstermesidir. Liliaceae familyasının beşinci sırada olması ise jips ile ilgilidir. Akpulat ve Çelik (2015) tarafından yapılan Tödürge gölü ve Sivas’ın jipsli alanları florasında belirtildiği gibi Monokotillerin jipste yaygın olduğu belirtilmiştir (Akpulat & Çelik, 2005). Şekil 10. Hypericum thymopsis

Şekil 9. Chrysocamela noeana

İçerdikleri takson sayısına göre en zengin ilk 5 cins: Şekil 11.Helichrysum noeanum Astragalus 11, Salvia 9, Centaurea 7, Alyssum 6, Achillea 5 şeklindedir. Yakın çevrede gerçekleştirilen Sivas ili Jipsli Araştırma alanından tespit edilen taksonların 107’si (% Alanlarının Florası (Akpulat & Çelik, 2005), Tödürge Gölü 41,8) İran Turan elementi, 10’nu (% 3.9) Akdeniz florası (Çelik & Akpulat, 2009), Hafik ve Çevresi Jipsli elementi, 8’i (% 3,1) Avrupa Sibirya elementidir. Geri Toprakların Florası (Hamzaoğlu & Aydoğdu, 1993) kalan 131’i (% 51,2) ise coğrafi bölgesi bilinmeyenler ve çalışmalar ile benzerlik göstermektedir. Sivas ilinde en fazla tür içeren cins Astragalus’tur (Akpulat, 2005). Bunun birden fazla bölgeyi tercih edenlerdir. başlıca nedeni, Sivas ilinde İran Turan bitki coğrafyasının hakim olmasıdır. Ayrıca, Astragalus cinsi Ülkemizde 420’den fazla türü olan ve yaygın yayılış gösteren bir cinstir.

32 | Akpulat HA (2018). Turkish Journal of Biodiversity. 1(1): 24-33 Lota Gölleri (Sivas) ve Çevresi Florası

oranı yüksek çıkmıştır. Lota Gölleri ve çevresi önemli bir jips habitatıdır. Bu alanların korunmasını öneriyoruz.

Şekil 12. Helichrysum chionophilum

Şekil 14. Achillea teretifolia

KAYNAKLAR Akman Y, (1999). İklim ve Biyoiklim (Biyoiklim Metodları ve Türkiye İklimleri), Ankara: Kariyer Press, 350 p. (in Turkish) Akpulat HA, Çelik N (2002). Sivas-Sıcak Çermik Arası Florası. C.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 1: 1-15. (in Turkish). Akpulat HA, Çelik N (2005). Flora of Gypsum Areas in Sivas in the eastern part of Cappadocia in Central Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Arid Environments 61: 27-46. Aytaç Z, Akgül G, Ekici M (2012). A new species of Marrubium (Lamiaceae) from Central Anatolia, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 36: 443-449. Celik N, Akpulat HA (2008). Achillea sivasica (Asteraceae: sec.Babounya (DC.) O. Hoffm.), a new species from Inter Anatolia, Turkey. Kew Bulletin 63 (3): 485-489. Celik N, Akpulat HA (2009). Tödürge Gölü (Sivas) ve Çevresi Florası, C.Ü. Fen Şekil 13. Achillea sintenisii Bilimleri Dergisi 30: 38-63. (in Turkish). Davis PH (1965-85). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 1-9, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Araştırma alanımız İran-Turan bitki coğrafyası Davis PH, Mill, RR, Tan K (1988). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 10, (Supplement 1), Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. bölgesinde yer aldığından İran-Turan bitki Ekim T, Koyuncu M, Vural M, Duman H, Aytaç Z, Adıgüzel N (2000). Türkiye coğrafyasının ilk sırayı alması doğaldır. Akpulat ve Bitkileri Kırmızı Kitabı, Ankara: Türkiye Tabiatı Koruma Derneği. (in Turkish). Güner A, Aslan S, Ekim T, Vural M, Babaç MT (eds) (2012). Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi Çelik (2005)’inde belirttiği gibi İran-Turan ve (Damarlı Bitkiler). İstanbul: Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Akdeniz elementleri genellikle açık alanlarda ve step Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, 1290p. Güner A, Özhatay N, Ekim T, Başer KHC (2000). Flora of Turkey and the East karakterli yerlerde yayılış gösterirken, Avrupa- Aegean Islands, Vol. 11, (Supplement-2), Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Sibirya elementleri nemli gölgelik yerlerde, dere Hamzaoğlu E (2012). A new species of Gypsophila and a new name for Silene kenarlarında ve yüksek kısımlardaki çayırlık (Caryophyllaceae) from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 36: 135-139. Hamzaoğlu E, Aydoğdu M (1993). Hafik (Sivas) ve Çevresindeki Jipsli Toprakların alanlarda yayılış göstermektedirler. Florası. Turkish Journal of Botany 19: 373-388. Hamzaoğlu E, Budak Ü, Aksoy A (2008). A New Species of Gagea Salisb. (Liliaceae) from Sivas (Central Anatolia, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Botany Sonuç olarak; Lota Göllerinin floristik bir çalışması 32: 261-264. yapılmıştır. Göl karstik çöküntü sonucu oluşmuş ve IUCN (2018). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2018-2. http://www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 13 August 2018. jipsli alanlar içermektedir. Bu yüzden endemizm

33 | Akpulat HA (2018). Turkish Journal of Biodiversity. 1(1): 24-33 Turkish Journal of Biodiversity

Turk J Biod, Dec 2018, 1(1): 34-40 Journal homepage: http://turkbiod.artvin.edu.tr/ http://dergipark.gov.tr/biodiversity E-ISSN: 2667-4386

RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access

The flora of Dereiçi village (Yusufeli, Artvin, Turkey) and its surroundings

Dereiçi köyü (Yusufeli, Artvin, Türkiye) ve çevresinin florası

Emrah YÜKSEL a,* , Hayal AKYILDIRIM BEĞENb aDepartment of Forest Engineering, Faculty of Forestry, Artvin Coruh University, 08000 Artvin, Turkey bHealth Services Vocational School, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey

Article Info ABSTRACT ©2018 Ali Nihat Gökyiğit Botanical The vascular flora of the Dereiçi Village and its environs (Yusufeli, Artvin, Turkey) was assessed Garden Aplication and Research Center between March and September 2017. It is located in the north-east of the Eastern Black Sea Region of Artvin Coruh University. and is taken place in Colchic province of Euro-Siberian floristic area of Holarctic Region and lies *Corresponding author: between 650 and 2900 m. In this study, 312 genera and 552 plant taxa were found in 87 families. Of e-mail: [email protected] these, 11 taxa belong to Pteridophyta, the remaining 541 taxa belong to Magnoliophyta. ORCID: 0000-0002-8171-0383 Magnoliophyta includes Pinidae with 6 taxa and Magnoliidae with 535 taxa. The biggest families identified were as follows: Asteraceae 58 taxa, Poaceae 49 taxa, Rosaceae 37 taxa, Lamiaceae 30 taxa, Article history Received: December 27, 2018 Fabaceae 25 taxa, Brassicaceae 24 taxa, Apiaceae 18 taxa, Boraginaceae 16 taxa, Caryophyllaceae 15 Received in revised form: December 29, taxa and Ranunculaceae 14 taxa. The ratio of the phytogeographical regions of 266 taxa was 2018 determined as follows: Euro-Siberian with 216 taxa (%39.1), Irano-Turanian with 42 taxa (%7.6), Accepted: December 30, 2018 Mediterranean with 8 taxa (%1.5) and unidentified phytogeographic region with 286 taxa (%51.8). The Available online: December 30, 2018 ratio of endemism is % 5.4 with endemic taxa. Threat categories were proposed for 83 taxa (endemic and non-endemic rare plants) according to International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural

Resources (IUCN) Red List Categories. Citation To cite this article: Yüksel E, Akyıldırım Beğen H. (2018). The flora of Dereiçi ÖZ village (Yusufeli, Artvin, Turkey) and its Dereiçi köyü ve çevresinin (Yusufeli, Artvin, Türkiye) damarlı bitkiler florası, 2017 yılı Mart ve Eylül surroundings. Turk J Biod 1(1): 34-40. ayları arasında tespit edilmiştir. Alan, Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’nin Kuzeydoğu kısmında ve Holarktik bölgenin, Avrupa-Sibirya flora alanının Öksin kesiminin Kolşik altkesiminde bulunmakta olup 650 ile

2900 m yükseltiler arasında yer almaktadır. Bu araştırmada 87 familya, 312 cinse ait, 552 bitki taksonu This is an Open Access saptanmıştır. Bunlardan 11'i Pteridophyta, kalan 541 taksonu Magnoliophyta bölümüne ilişkindir. article under the CC BY license Magnoliophyta bölümüne ilişkin taksonlardan 6 tanesi Pinidae ve 535 tanesi ise Magnoliidae alt (http://creativecommons.org/licenses sınıfında bulunmaktadır. Alandaki en fazla takson içeren familyalar şöyledir: Asteraceae 58 takson, /by/4.0/). Poaceae 49 takson, Rosaceae 37 takson, Lamiaceae 30 takson, Fabaceae 25 takson, Brassicaceae 24 takson, Apiaceae 18 takson, Boraginaceae 16 takson, Caryophyllaceae 15 takson ve Ranunculaceae 14 Keywords: taksondur. Araştırmada, 266 taksonun fitocoğrafik bölgeleri saptanmış olup; 216 adet (%39,1) Avrupa- Artvin, Dereiçi, endemism, flora, Sibirya, 42 adet (%7,6) İran-Turan, 8 adet (%1,5) Akdeniz elementi ve 286 adet (%51,8) fitocoğrafi Yusufeli. bölgesi bilinmeyen takson bulunmaktadır. 30 adet takson endemik olup endemizm oranı % 5,4’tür. Anahtar kelimeler: IUCN tehlike kategorilerine göre 83 adet endemik ve endemik olmayan nadir bitki taksonunun tehlike Artvin, Dereiçi, endemizm, flora, kategorileri değerlendirilmiştir. Yusufeli.

diversity of this plants related to climate, habitat and 1. INTRODUCTION vegetation (Eminağaoğlu, 2015).

Artvin is the richest city in terms of plant diversity and Dereiçi (Yusufeli) is located in the Caucasus Anatolian- Yusufeli (Artvin, Turkey) province reflects this diversity Hyrcanian Temperate Forests classified as one of the 200 with its geographic and geomorphological features. Global Ecoregions and in the North-eastern Anatolia Naturally growing plants are distributed in this area and

34 | Yüksel E, Akyıldırım Beğen H (2018). Turkish Journal of Biodiversity1(1): 34-40 The flora of Dereiçi village (Yusufeli, Artvin, Turkey) and its surroundings

Centre of Plant Diversity “SWA No.19” (WWF & IUCN, According to the Davis’s grid system, the research area is 1994; Zazanashvili et al., 1999). in the A9 square, and within the Colchic province of the Euro-Siberian floristic area in the Holarctic region (Davis This study was carried out to contribute to the knowledge et al., 1971; Eminağaoğlu, 2015). The research area is on the flora of Artvin. This region reflects the eastern part located between long 41°32’26’’-41°24’45’’E and lat of the rich plant composition of the Black Sea region. So 40°51’17’’–40°53’45’’N, and its elevation ranges between it was focused to the new floristic taxa, the endemic and 650 and 2900 m (Figure 1). rare plants, and to enrich the Herbarium of Artvin Coruh University (ARTH) with the new data obtained from this Climatological data were provided from Yusufeli study. Meteorological station. The average rainfall is 275,4 mm (annual) and the average temperature is 14.13 °C in the Some flora studies in nearby areas were published by research area (DMİ, 2018) (Table 1). The climatic diagram Anşin (1979, 1983), Güner (1983), Güner at al. (1987), was prepared using Walter’s method (Walter, 1956). Vural (1996), Anşin et al. (2000), Eminağaoğlu and Anşin Most rainy season in winter, the driest of seasons in (2002, 2003, 2004, 2005), Eminağaoğlu et al. (2007, 2012, summer (Figure 2). 2018), Eminağaoğlu (2009, 2015) and Yüksel and Eminağaoğlu (2017). YUSUFELİ 1150 m, 275.4 mm, 14.13 °C oC mm 30 60

20 40 ° C mm

10 20

0 0

Months

Figure 2. Climatic diagram of Yusufeli.

2. MATERIAL AND METHOD

A total of 1781 plant specimens were collected from Dereiçi Village of Yusufeli District (Artvin ) during March– September 2017. Three plant samples collected were placed in the Artvin Coruh University Herbarium (ARTH). They were photographed, and their GPS coordinates were recorded. The plant specimens were identified by using identification keys given in Flora of Turkey (Davis, 1965 - 1985; Davis et al., 1988; Güner et al., 2000), Flora of USSR (Komarov, 1934-1978) and other floras (Ketzkhoveli & Gagnidze, 1971-2001). At least 1 sample for each taxon was prepared by herbarium techniques and kept at the Herbarium of Artvin Coruh University Figure 1. Map of the research area. (ARTH), Artvin, Turkey. All rare plants are listed in the Appendix. According to IUCN risk categories, threatened

35 | Yüksel E, Akyıldırım Beğen H (2018). Turkish Journal of Biodiversity 1(1): 34-40 The flora of Dereiçi village (Yusufeli, Artvin, Turkey) and its surroundings

Table 1. The average climatic values in Yusufeli (DMİ, 2018). Meteorological Data Months 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Average Annual Mean Temparature (°C) 1,3 2,6 8 14,9 19,1 22,8 25,7 26 22,2 15,8 8,4 2,8 14,13 Total rainfall (mm) 21,6 20,2 19,6 28,2 29,6 33,6 21,7 12,6 12,0 23,1 25,8 27,4 275,4

categories were given (Ekim et al., 2000, 2014; IUCN, Kit Tan & Sorger], 9 endemic [Acer cappadocicum Gled. 2018). The phytogeographical regions of the taxa were subsp. divergens (K.Koch ex Paxton) A.E.Murray, Alyssum evaluated according to Davis (1965 - 85) and Davis et al., artvinense N.Busch., Bupleurum schistosum Woronow, (1988). The plant names were given the accepted names Chesneya elegans Fomine, Gypsophila simulatrix Bornm. using Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi, Damarlı Bitkiler (Güner et & Woronow, Eminium koenenianum Lobin & P.C.Boyce, al., 2012), The International Plant Names Index (IPNI, Salvia huberi Hedge, Sempervivum staintonii Muirhead, 2012) and The Plant List (2013). The abbreviations used in Sorbus caucasica Zinserl. var. yaltirikii Gökşin] and 1 the appendix and in the text are as follows: LC: Least nonendemic [Knautia montana DC.] taxa in EN, 5 endemic concern; CR: Critically endangered; VU: Vulnerable; NT: [Bupleurum brachiatum K.Koch ex Boiss., Cirsium Near threatened;.NE: Not evaluated; EN: Endangered. pseudopersonata Boiss. & Balansa ex Boiss. subsp. pseudopersonata, Papaver lateritium K.Koch subsp. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION lateritium, Primula longipes Freyn & Sint., Psephellus taochius Sosn.] and 6 nonendemic [Crocus scharojanii A total of 552 taxa from 87 families were identified. 11 of Rupr., Cyanus cheiranthifolius (Willd.) Soják var. them belong to Pteridophyta and the remaining 541 taxa purpurascens (DC.) Wagenitz, Cynoglossum holosericeum were Magnoliophyta, which included 6 taxa from the Steven, Gypsophila tenuifolia M.Bieb., Lilium Pinidae and 535 taxa from the Magnoliidae (Table 2). kesselringianum Miscz., Primula elatior (L.) Hill subsp. pseudoelatior Table 2. The dispersion of taxa into large taxonomical (Kusn.) W.W.Sm & Forrest] taxa in VU, 1 groups. endemic [Ballota rotundifolia K.Koch] and 1 nonendemic Astrantia maxima maxima Number of [ Pall. subsp. ] taxa in NT, 11 Number of Taxa Families endemic [Alcea calvertii (Boiss.) Boiss., Allium djimilense Pteridophyta 5 11 Boiss. ex Regel, Campanula betulifolia K.Koch, Cerastium armeniacum Gren., Elymus lazicus (Boiss.) Melderis, Magnoliophyta 82 541 Euonymus latifolius (L.) Mill. subsp. cauconis Coode & 2 6 Pinidae Cullen, Galium margaceum Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem., Magnoliidae 80 535 Linaria genistifolia (L.) Mill. subsp. confertiflora (Boiss.) Total 87 552 P.H.Davis, Salvia rosifolia Sm., Taraxacum turcicum Soest, Tragopogon aureus Boiss.] and 20 nonendemic [Abies nordmanniana (Steven) Spach subsp. nordmanniana, The ratio of endemism is 5.4%, with 30 taxa. According to Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. subsp. barbata (C.A.Mey) IUCN risk categories (Ekim et al., 2000; IUCN, 2018), Yalt., Betula pendula Roth, Carpinus betulus L., C. totally 83 rare taxa (30 endemic taxa and 53 nonendemic) orientalis Mill., Daphne glomerata Lam, Heracleum were evaluated. The distribution of the threat categories cyclocarpum C. Koch, Juniperus oxycedrus L. subsp. is as follows: 4 endemic taxa in CR [Campanula troegerae oxycedrus, J. excelsa M.Bieb., J. foetidissima Willd., Ostrya Damboldt, Helichrysum artvinense P.H.Davis & Kupicha, carpinifolia Scop., Picea orientalis (L.) Peterm., Populus Saxifraga artvinensis V.A.Matthews, Stachys choruhensis tremula L., Salix alba L., S. caprea L., S. excelsa S.G.Gmel.,

36 | Yüksel E, Akyıldırım Beğen H (2018). Turkish Journal of Biodiversity 1(1): 34-40 The flora of Dereiçi village (Yusufeli, Artvin, Turkey) and its surroundings

S. triandra L., Sempervivum transcaucasicum Muirhead, The research area is located in a transitional zone among Sorbus subfusca (Ledeb. Ex Nordm.) Boiss., Swertia iberica this three phytogeographic region. The Euro-Siberian Fisch. ex C.A.Mey.] taxa in LC, 25 nonendemic [Androsace elements (39.1%) seem to be dominant in all areas intermedia Ledeb., Campanula alliariifolia Willd., C. studied, the Irano-Turanian elements (7.6%) come lactiflora M.Bieb., Cirsium caucasicum Petr., C. second. When the distribution of taxa determined by obvallatum (M.Bieb.) M.Bieb., Crocus vallicola Herb., phytogeographic regions is examined, it is seen that the Delphinium flexuosum M.Bieb., Draba hispida Willd., D. European -Siberian elements are more in the all works. siliquosa M.Bieb., Epilobium colchicum Albov, Fritillaria Mediterranean taxa were determined in some regions latifolia Willd., Geranium ibericum Cav. subsp. ibericum, like other studies with low number of taxa (Table 3). G. psilostemon Ledeb., Origanum rotundifolium Boiss., Pedicularis wilhelmsiana Fisch. Ex M.Bieb., Potentilla The largest families in terms of number of genera were, elatior Willd. ex Schltdl., Primula meyeri Rupr., Rhamnus Poaceae (28), Asteraceae (26), Lamiaceae (22), Rosaceae pallasii Fisch. & C.A.Mey., Rhododendron caucasicum (18), Brassicaceae (17), Boraginaceae (17), Fabaceae (16), Pall., Rhynchocorys stricta Albov, Ribes petraeum Wulfen, Apiaceae (14), Caryophyllaceae (11), Ranunculaceae (10). Sedum spurium M.Bieb., Sorbus caucasica Zinserl. var. The richest families in terms of number of species were caucasica, Scutellaria pontica K.Koch, Thymus praecox Asteraceae (58), Poaceae (49), Rosaceae (37), Lamiaceae Opiz subsp. grossheimii (Ronniger) Jalas var. grossheimii] (30), Fabaceae (25), Brassicaceae (24), Apiaceae (18), taxa in NE. Boraginaceae (16), Caryophyllaceae (15), Ranunculaceae (14). The total ratio of the 10 major families is 51.8%, with The study area is included in the Colchic sub-section of the remaining families comprising 48.2% (Table 4). The Euxine section of the Euro-Siberian phytogeographic area major family order in our study is concordant with the of the Holarctic region in terms of plant geography. The Flora of Turkey (Güner et al., 2000). reason of this plant diversity is that the area is located close to one of the 144 Important Plant Areas of Turkey A comparison of families in terms of the largest number "Important Plant Areas Yalnızçam mountains" and "Coruh of species found in this study and in previous studies Valley Important Plant Areas" (Özhatay et al., 2005). carried out in nearby regions is given in Table 4. The data of this research are similar with those of other similar The endemic elements and phytogeographical studies. As a result of climatic and habitat changes, plant percentages are given in Table 3. Endemism ratio is families might differ and show diversity. In this study, similar with other floristic studies (Güner, 1983; Güner et Campanula (10), Geranium (9), Poa (9) are the richest al., 1987; Eminağaoğlu & Anşin, 2003; Eminağaoğlu et al., genera with their taxon number. 2007, 2018; Eminağaoğlu, 2009; Yüksel & Eminağaoğlu, 2017).

Table 3. The phytogeographical spectra of the taxa (%) in this study and other studies. Study Area Eminağaoğlu Yüksel and Eminağaoğlu Eminağaoğlu Eminağaoğlu Güner et al. Güner et al. (2018) Eminağaoğlu (2009) et al. (2007) & Anşin (1987) (1983) (2017) (2003) Taxa 552 566 651 459 963 769 1430 1024 Euro-Siberian 39.1 22.90 50.08 17.2 48.90 35.60 48.25 40.82 Irano-Turanian 7.6 14 2.92 17.6 2.00 6.90 5.73 4.00 Mediterranean 1.5 2.40 0.77 2.6 2.00 2.20 3.01 1.46 Endemism 5.4 3.20 2.92 7.6 1.10 7.40 18.46 20.02

37 | Yüksel E, Akyıldırım Beğen H (2018). Turkish Journal of Biodiversity 1(1): 34-40 The flora of Dereiçi village (Yusufeli, Artvin, Turkey) and its surroundings

Table 4. Comparison of the ten families containing the most species in studies conducted in nearby regions (%). Families Study Eminağaoğlu Yüksel and Eminağaoğlu Eminağaoğlu Eminağaoğlu Güner et al. Güner (1983) Area et al. (2018) Eminağaoğlu (2009) et al. (2007) & Anşin (1987) (2017) (2003) Asteraceae 10.5 6.3 12.0 8.1 11.5 9.5 12.5 13.2 Poaceae 8.9 6.7 6.8 8.7 7.0 4.9 10.7 6.5 Rosaceae 6.7 6.7 5.9 3.0 6.1 6.5 5.0 5.9 Lamiaceae 5.4 6.7 4.3 4.5 4.5 5.5 4.3 4.3 Fabaceae 4.5 5.6 4.6 8.1 6.0 8.7 4.8 5.8 Brassicaceae 4.4 4.5 4.3 5.0 4.6 6.4 4.4 4.2 Apiaceae 3.3 2.8 2.6 4.1 2.5 1.7 3.3 3.2 Boraginaceae 2.9 3.8 2.8 3.4 3.6 3.3 - 2.7 Caryophyllaceae 2.7 3.8 3.2 5.0 3.0 3.7 3.9 4.0 Ranunculaceae 2.5 3.5 3.1 1.3 3.2 4.2 - 2.7

Alyssum artvinense Lilium kesselringianum

Campanula troegerae Chesneya elegans Figure 3. Some important endemic and non endemic taxa (Photo: Ö.Eminağaoğlu)

38 | Yüksel E, Akyıldırım Beğen H (2018). Turkish Journal of Biodiversity 1(1): 34-40 The flora of Dereiçi village (Yusufeli, Artvin, Turkey) and its surroundings

Campanula troegerae, Helichrysum artvinense, Acer Davis PH (ed) (1965-1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vols. 1-9. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. cappadocicum subsp. divergens, Saxifraga artvinensis, Davis PH, Harper PC, Hedge IC (1971). Plant Life of South West Asia. Stachys choruhensis, Sorbus caucasica var. yaltirikii which Edinburg:The Botanical Society of Edinburg. 335p. have limited distribution area in this region. Considering Davis PH, Mill RR, Tan K, (eds) (1988). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 10. Edinburgh:Edinburgh University Press. this biological richness, the research area should be DMİ (2018). Artvin Meteoroloji Müdürlüğü 1970-2018 Yılları Arası protected (Figure 3). Yusufeli İlçesi İklim Verileri. Ankara. Ekim T, Koyuncu M, Vural M, Duman H, Aytaç Z, Adıgüzel N (2000). Türkiye Bitkileri Kırmızı Kitabı, Eğrelti ve Tohumlu Bitkiler (Red Data 4. CONCLUTION Book of Turkish Plants, Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta). Ankara: Barışcan Ofset, 246p. Biodiversity in Yusufeli is under the threat of various Ekim T, Terzioğlu S, Eminağaoğlu Ö, Coşkunçelebi K (2014). Turkey. In: Solomon J, Schulkina T, Schatz GE (eds), Red List of the Endemic factors; investment projects, dam construction, illegal Plants of Caucasus: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia, and cutting, road construction. The study area has been Turkey. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri exposed to these factors. For this reason, similar activities Botanical Garden (MSB) Saint Louis: 125. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, pp: 209-242. to be carried out in Dereiçi and its surroundings may Eminağaoğlu Ö (2009). The Plant Diversity Of Tekkale Çevreli And cause detrimental impact on habitat changes and result Cemketen Villages (Yusufeli, Artvin). Batumi Botanical Garden Bulletin 33: 152-159. in the destruction of rare species in the area. Eminağaoğlu Ö (ed) (2015). Artvin'in Doğal Bitkileri. İstanbul: Promat, 456p. (in Turkish). These areas should be conservation status. The Eminağaoğlu Ö, Anşin R (2002). A9 (Artvin) Karesi İçin Yeni Floristik Kafkas Üniversitesi Artvin Orman Fakültesi Dergisi construction of the dam in the vicinity of the site Kayıtlar. 3(1): 96-108. (in Turkish). threatens the existing vegetation diversity directly and Eminağaoğlu Ö, Anşin R (2003). The Flora of Hatila Valley National Park indirectly. Populations that will be damaged by dam and its close Environs (Artvin). Turkish Journal of Botany 27(1): 1- 27. water or dam construction should be transported to the Eminağaoğlu Ö, Anşin R (2004). Flora of the Karagöl-Sahara National areas determined by ex situ conservation. Bupleurum Park (Artvin) and its Environs. Turkish Journal of Botany 28(6): 557- schistosum Chesneya elegans 590. and which are distributed Eminağaoğlu Ö, Anşin R (2005). The Flora of Cerattepe Meydanlar at lower altitudes and the majority of their populations Demirci Gavur Creek and Near Environment in Artvin. İstanbul will remain under the dam water mirror, may be damaged Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 55(2): 31-46. Eminağaoğlu Ö, Anşin R, Kutbay HG (2007). Forest Vegetation of by road and dam construction activities. For this reason, Karagöl Sahara National Park (Artvin, Turkey). Turkish Journal of especially the rare and endemic areas of this plant species Botany 31(5): 421-449. Eminağaoğlu Ö, Özkaya M S, Akpulat HA (2012). A New Record for the should be protected and their generations should be Flora of Turkey: Sorbus caucasica var. caucasica (Rosaceae). protected (Figure 3). Turkish Journal of Botany 36(4): 426-426. Eminağaoğlu Ö, Yüksel E, Akyıldırım Beğen H (2018). Flora of the Hod International Journal of Ecosystems and Valley (Artvin, Turkey). Acknowledgements Ecology Science-IJEES 8 (2): 273-282. Güner A (1983). Kaçkar Dağlarının Kuzey Yamacının Florası. TÜBİTAK, We would like to thank the Ministry of Agriculture and TBAG-463, Ankara. (in Turkish). Forestry for its financial support. Güner A, Aslan S, Ekim T, Vural M, Babaç MT (eds) (2012). Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). İstanbul: Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını. (in Turkish). REFERENCES Güner A, Özhatay N, Ekim T, Başer KHC (2000). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegaen Islands. Vol. XI, (Supplement II), Edinburgh: Edinburgh Anşin R (1979). Trabzon-Meryemana Araştırma Ormanı Florası ve Saf University Press. Ladin Meşcerelerinde Floristik Araştırmalar. Trabzon: Karadeniz Güner A, Vural M & Sorkun K (1987). Rize Florası, Vejetasyonu ve Yöre Gazetecilik ve Matbaacılık Press, 234p. (in Turkish) Ballarının Polen Analizi. TÜBİTAK, TBAG-650, Ankara. (in Turkish). Anşin R (1983). Türkiye'nin Flora Bölgeleri ve Bu Bölgelerde Yayılan IPNI (2015). International Plant Name Index. Published on the Internet. Asal Vejetasyon Tipleri (The Floristic Regionsand the Major http://www.ipni.org. Downloaded on 13 September 2018. Vegetation Types of Turkey). KTÜ Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 6(2): IUCN (2018). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2018- 318-339. (in Turkish) 2. http://www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 13 August 2018. Anşin R, Özkan ZC, Abay G, Eminağaoğlu Ö (2000). New Floristic Ketzkhoveli NN & Gagnidze RI (eds.) (1971-2001). Georgian Flora (Flora Records From A8 Artvin. Ot Sistematik Botanik Dergisi 4(1): 95-98. of Georgia). Vols. 1-13. Metsniereba, Tbilisi, Georgia.

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Komarov VL (1934-78). Flora of the U.S.S.R., Vol. 1-30. Israel Program WWF & IUCN (1994). Centres of Plant Diversity. A Guide and Strategy for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem. for Their Conservation. Vol. 1. Cambridge: IUCN Publications Unit. Özhatay N, Byfield A, Atay S (2005). Türkiye’nin 122 Önemli Bitki Alanı. Yüksel E, Eminağaoğlu Ö (2017). Flora Of The Kamilet Valley (Arhavi, İstanbul: WWF Turkey, pp. 476. (in Turkish) Artvin, Turkey). International Journal of Ecosystems and Ecology PL (2013). The Plan List, Version 1.1. Published on the Internet. Science-IJEES 7(4): 905-914. http://www.theplantlist.org. Downloaded 12 October 2018. Zazanashvili N, Sanadiradze G, Bukhnikashvili A (1999). Caucasus. In: Vural M (1996). Rize’nin Yüksek Dağ Vejetasyonu. Turkish Journal of Mittermeier RA, Meyers N, Robles Gil P, Mittermeier CG (eds). Botany 20: 83-102. Hotspots: Earth’s Biologically Richest and Most Endangered Walter H (1956). Kurak Zamanların Tesbitinde Esas Olarak Kullanılacak Terrestrial Ecoregions. Mexico: CEMEX. pp. 268-277. Klimogram, (Çev. S.Uslu). İÜ Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 8(2): 95-104.

APPENDIX: IUCN risk categories of endemic and non- Abies nordmanniana (Steven) Spach subsp. endemic rare plants in the research area. nordmanniana Non Endemic LC Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. subsp. barbata TAXA ENDEMİSM IUCN (C.A.Mey) Yalt. Non Endemic LC (2018) Betula pendula Roth Non Endemic LC Campanula troegerae Damboldt Endemic CR Carpinus betulus L. Non Endemic LC Helichrysum artvinense P.H.Davis & Kupicha Endemic CR Carpinus orientalis Mill. Non Endemic LC Saxifraga artvinensis V.A.Matthews Endemic CR Daphne glomerata Lam Non Endemic LC Stachys choruhensis Kit Tan & Sorger Endemic CR Heracleum cyclocarpum C. Koch Non Endemic LC Acer cappadocicum Gled. subsp. divergens Juniperus oxycedrus L. subsp. oxycedrus Non Endemic LC (K.Koch ex Paxton) A.E.Murray Endemic EN Juniperus excelsa M.Bieb. Non Endemic LC Alyssum artvinense N.Busch. Endemic EN Juniperus foetidissima Willd. Non Endemic LC Bupleurum schistosum Woronow Endemic EN Ostrya carpinifolia Scop. Non Endemic LC Chesneya elegans Fomine Endemic EN Picea orientalis (L.) Peterm. Non Endemic LC Gypsophila simulatrix Bornm. & Woronow Endemic EN Populus tremula L. Non Endemic LC Eminium koenenianum Lobin & P.C.Boyce Endemic EN Salix alba L. Non Endemic LC Salvia huberi Hedge Endemic EN Salix caprea L. Non Endemic LC Sempervivum staintonii Muirhead Endemic EN Salix excelsa S.G.Gmel. Non Endemic LC Sorbus caucasica Zinserl. var. yaltirikii Gökşin Endemic EN Salix triandra L. Non Endemic LC Bupleurum brachiatum K.Koch ex Boiss. Endemic VU Sempervivum transcaucasicum Muirhead Non Endemic LC Cirsium pseudopersonata Boiss. & Balansa ex Sorbus subfusca (Ledeb. Ex Nordm.) Boiss. Non Endemic LC Boiss. subsp. pseudopersonata Endemic VU Swertia iberica Fisch. ex C.A.Mey. Non Endemic LC Papaver lateritium K.Koch subsp. lateritium Endemic VU Androsace intermedia Ledeb. Non Endemic NE Primula longipes Freyn & Sint. Endemic VU Campanula alliariifolia Willd. Non Endemic NE Psephellus taochius Sosn. Endemic VU Campanula lactiflora M.Bieb. Non Endemic NE Ballota rotundifolia K.Koch Endemic NT Cirsium caucasicum Petr. Non Endemic NE Alcea calvertii (Boiss.) Boiss. Endemic LC Cirsium obvallatum (M.Bieb.) M.Bieb. Non Endemic NE Allium djimilense Boiss. ex Regel Endemic LC Crocus vallicola Herb. Non Endemic NE Campanula betulifolia K.Koch Endemic LC Delphinium flexuosum M.Bieb. Non Endemic NE Cerastium armeniacum Gren. Endemic LC Draba hispida Willd. Non Endemic NE Elymus lazicus (Boiss.) Melderis Endemic LC Draba siliquosa M.Bieb. Non Endemic NE Euonymus latifolius (L.) Mill. subsp. cauconis Endemic LC Epilobium colchicum Albov Non Endemic NE Coode & Cullen Fritillaria latifolia Willd. Non Endemic NE Galium margaceum Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem. Endemic LC Geranium ibericum Cav. subsp. ibericum Non Endemic NE Linaria genistifolia (L.) Mill. subsp. Geranium psilostemon Ledeb. Non Endemic NE confertiflora (Boiss.) P.H.Davis Endemic LC Origanum rotundifolium Boiss. Non Endemic NE Salvia rosifolia Sm. Endemic LC Pedicularis wilhelmsiana Fisch. Ex M.Bieb. Non Endemic NE Taraxacum turcicum Soest Endemic LC Potentilla elatior Willd. ex Schltdl. Non Endemic NE Tragopogon aureus Boiss. Endemic LC Primula meyeri Rupr. Non Endemic NE Knautia montana DC. Non Endemic EN Rhamnus pallasii Fisch. & C.A. Mey. Non Endemic NE Crocus scharojanii Rupr. Non Endemic VU Rhododendron caucasicum Pall. Non Endemic NE Cyanus cheiranthifolius (Willd.) Soják var. Rhynchocorys stricta Albov Non Endemic NE purpurascens (DC.) Wagenitz Non Endemic VU Ribes petraeum Wulfen Non Endemic NE Cynoglossum holosericeum Steven Non Endemic VU Sedum spurium M.Bieb. Non Endemic NE Gypsophila tenuifolia M.Bieb. Non Endemic VU Sorbus caucasica Zinserl. var. caucasica Non Endemic NE Lilium kesselringianum Miscz. Non Endemic VU Scutellaria pontica K.Koch Non Endemic NE Primula elatior (L.) Hill subsp. pseudoelatior Non Endemic VU Thymus praecox Opiz subsp. grossheimii (Kusn.) W.W.Sm & Forrest (Ronniger) Jalas var. Grossheimii Non Endemic NE Astrantia maxima Pall. subsp. maxima Non Endemic NT

40 | Yüksel E, Akyıldırım Beğen H (2018). Turkish Journal of Biodiversity 1(1): 34-40