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Spring and Early Summer Wildflower Checklist

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Sour Gum Family (Nyssaceae) Storax Family (Styracaceae) *Smooth Yellow Foxglove Aureolaria flava *Black Gum Nyssa sylvatica *Silverbells Halesia carolina National Park Service Madder Family (Rubiaceae) U.S. Department of the Interior Ginseng Family (Araliaceae) Dogbane Family (Apocynaceae) *Common Bedstraw Galium aparine *Devil’s Walking Stick Aralia spinosa Periwinkle/Myrtle Vinca minor *Buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis New River Gorge National River *Dwarf Ginseng Panax trifolius *Indian Hemp Apocynum cannabinum *Partridge Berry Mitchella repens *Bluets Houstonia caerulea Carrot Family (Umbelliferae) Milkweed Family (Asclepiadaceae) *Black Snakeroot Sanicula canadensis *Butterfly Weed Asclepias tuberosa Honeysuckle Family (Caprifoliaceae) Spring and Early Summer *Hairy Sweet Cicely Osmorhiza claytoni *Common Milkweed Asclepias syriaca Tartarian Honeysuckle Lonicera taterica *Smooth Sweet Cicely Osmorhiza longistylis Japanese Honeysuckle Lonicera japonica Wildflower Checklist *Golden Alexanders Zizia aurea Polemonium Family (Polemoniaceae) *Hobblebush Viburnum alnifolium *Greek Valerian Polemonium reptans *Black Haw Viburnum prunifolium Dogwood Family (Cornaceae) *Moss Phlox Phlox subulata *Black Elderberry Sambucus canadensis *Flowering Dogwood Cornus florida *Wild Blue Phlox Phlox divaricata *Red Elderberry Sambucus pubens *Alternate-leaved Dogwood Cornus alternifolia *Wild Sweet William Phlox maculata *Silky Dogwood Cornus obliqua Composite Family (Compositae) Waterleaf Family (Hydrophyllaceae) *Robin’s Plantain Erigeron pulchellus Wintergreen Family (Pyrolaceae) *Appendaged Waterleaf *Daisy Fleabane Erigeron strigosus *Spotted Wintergreen Chimaphila maculata Hydrophyllum appendiculatum *Field Pussytoes Antennaria neglecta *Indian Pipe Monotropa uniflora *Small-flowered Phacelia Phacelia dubia Ox-eye Daisy Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Coltsfoot Tussilago farfara Heath Family (Ericaceae) Borage Family (Boraginaceae) Common Dandelion Taraxacum officinale *Great Rhododendron *Smaller Forget-me-not Myosotis laxa Rhododendron maximum *Virginia Bluebells Mertensia virginica *Catawba Rhododendron Rhododendron catawbiense Mint Family (Labiatae) Species Spotlight: *Hairy Skullcap Scutellaria elliptica *Flame Azalea Rhododendron calendulaceum American Ginseng *Pinxter Flower Rhododendron nudiflorum *Downy Skullcap Scutellaria incana Ground Ivy Glechoma hederacea *Smooth Azalea Rhododendron arborescens Known for its medicinal properties the world *Heal-all Prunella vulgaris *Mountain Laurel Kalmia latifolia over, American ginseng was harvested to the Henbit Lamium amplexicaule *Sourwood Oxydendrum arboreum edge of extinction. Now protected, it is illegal Purple Dead-nettle Lamium purpureum *Trailing Arbutus Epigaea repens to harvest or possess this plant in national *Lyre-leaved Sage Salvia lyrata *Teaberry Gaultheria procumbens parks. Visit www.nps.gov/neri to learn *Basil Balm Monarda clinopodia *Black Huckleberry Gaylussacia baccata more about the work being done to help this *Downy Woodmint Blephilia ciliata Bloodroot *Deerberry Vaccinium stamineum important Appalachian species. *Lowbush Blueberry Vaccinium angustifolium *Hairy Woodmint Blephilia hirsuta *Velvetleaf Blueberry Vaccinium myrtilloides *Hoary Mountain-mint Pycnanthemum incanum New River Gorge is home to a great diversity Diapensia Family (Diapensiaceae) of plants, with over 1,800 flora species Figwort Family (Scrophulariaceae) *Galax Galax aphylla found in this area. This checklist does not *Foxglove Beardtongue Penstemon digitalis Primrose Family (Primulaceae) Princess-tree/Paulownia Paulownia tomentosa include all local species, but highlights many *Shooting Star Dodecatheon meadia *Culver’s-root Veronicastrum virginicum herbaceous and woody plants that bloom *Fringed Loosestrife Lysimachia ciliata Common Speedwell Veronica officinalis *Winged Monkey-flower Mimulus alatus in the spring and early summer. Enjoy these Ebony Family (Ebenaceae) *Common Lousewort/Wood Betony natural wonders of central Appalachia and *Persimmon Diospyros virginiana Pedicularis canadensis 6 7 EXPERIENCE YOUR AMERICA 1/12 leave nature as you find it. * = species native to West Virginia Birthwort Family (Aristolochiaceae) Poppy Family (Papaveraceae) Purse Family (Leguminosae) *Wild Ginger Asarum canadense *Bloodroot Sanguinaria canadensis *Honey Locust Gleditsia triacanthos Sedge Family (Cyperaceae) *Dutchman’s Pipe Aristolochia macrophylla *Redbud Cercis canadensis *Fraser’s Sedge Carex fraseri Fumitory Family (Fumariaceae) *False Blue Indigo Baptisia australis Purslane Family (Portulacaceae) *Squirrel Corn Dicentra canadensis Red Clover Trifolium pratense Arum Family (Araceae) *Carolina Spring Beauty Claytonia caroliniana *Dutchman’s Breeches Dicentra cucullaria *Black Locust Robinia pseudo-acacia *Jack-in-the-pulpit Arisaema triphyllum *Spring Beauty Claytonia virginica *Yellow Corydalis Corydalis flavula Wisteria Wisteria frutescens Spiderwort Family (Commelinaceae) Pink Family (Caryophyllaceae) Mustard Family (Cruciferae) Wood Sorrel Family (Oxalidaceae) *Ohio Spiderwort Tradescantia ohiensis *Great Chickweed Stellaria pubera *Wild Peppergrass Lepidium virginicum *Violet Wood Sorrel Oxalis violacea *Wild Pink Silene caroliniana Garlic Mustard Alliaria officinalis *Great Yellow Wood Sorrel Oxalis grandis Lily Family (Liliaceae) *Fire Pink Silene virginica Dame’s Rocket Hesperis matronalis *Devil’s Bit Chamaelirium luteum Winter Cress Barbarea vulgaris Geranium Family (Genaniaceae) *Mealy Bellwort Uvularia perfoliata Buttercup Family (Ranunculaceae) Spring Cress Barbarea verna *Wild Geranium Geranium maculatum *Large-flowered Bellwort Uvularia grandiflora *Hooked Crowfoot Ranunculus recurvatus *Slender Toothwort Dentaria heterophylla *Sessile-leaved Bellwort Uvularia sessilifolia *Early Meadowrue Thalictrum dioicum *Cutleaf Toothwort Dentaria laciniata Cashew Family (Anacardiaceae) *Mountain Bellwort Uvularia pudica *Rue Anemone Anemonella thalictroides *Purple Cress Cardamine douglassii *Poison Ivy Toxicodendron radicans *Yellow Trout Lily Erythronium americanum *Sharp-lobed Hepatica *Pennsylvania Bittercress *False Solomon’s Seal Smilacina racemosa Hepatica nobilis var. acuta Cardamine pensylvanica Holly Family (Aquifoliaceae) *Wild Lily-of-the-valley *Round-lobed Hepatica *Hairy Rockcress Arabis hirsuta *American Holly Ilex opaca Maianthemum canadense Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa *Smooth Rockcress Arabis laevigata *Winterberry Ilex verticillata *Fairy Bells Disporum lanuginosum *Thimbleweed Anemone viginiana Arabis canadensis *Sicklepod Maple Family (Aceraceae) *Twisted Stalk Streptopus roseus *Wood Anemone Anemone quinquefolia Acer spicatum *Indian Cucumber Root Medeola virginiana *Wild Columbine Aquilegia canadensis Orpine Family (Crassulaceae) *Mountain Maple Acer pensylvanicum *Solomon’s Seal Polygonatum biflorum *Dwarf Larkspur Delphinium tricorne Mossy Stonecrop Sedum acre *Striped Maple Acer nigrum *Great Solomon’s Seal *Black Snakeroot Cimicifuga racemosa *Wild Stonecrop Sedum ternatum *Black Sugar Maple Acer rubrum Polygonatum canaliculatum *White Baneberry Actaea pachypoda *Red Maple *Sessile Trillium Trillium sessile *Goldenseal Hydrastis canadensis Saxifrage Family (Saxifragaceae) *Nodding Trillium Trillium cernuum *Early Saxifrage Saxifraga virginiensis Horse-chestnut Family (Hippocastanaceae) *Ill-scented Trillium Trillium erectum Barberry Family (Berberidaceae) *Foamflower Tiarella cordifolia *Yellow Buckeye Aeculus octandra *Large-flowered Trillium Trillium grandiflorum *May-apple Podophyllum peltatum *Alumroot Heuchera americana Mitella diphylla *Painted Trillium Trillium undulatum *Twinleaf Jeffersonia dipylla *Miterwort/Bishop’s Cap Vine Family (Vitaceae) *Common Greenbrier Smilax rotundifolia *Golden Saxifrage Chrysosplenium americanum *Blue Cohosh Caulophyllum thalictroides *Virginia Creeper Parthenocissus quinquefolia *Wild Hydrangea Hydrangea arborescens *American Barberry Berberis canadensis *Summer Grape Vitis aestivalis Iris Family (Iridaceae) *Prickly Gooseberry Ribes cynosbati *Crested Iris Iris cristata Magnolia Family (Magnoliaceae) Violet Family (Violaceae) *Cucumber Magnolia Magnolia acuminata Rose Family (Rosaceae) Orchis Family (Orchidaceae) *Marsh Blue Violet Viola cucullata *Umbrella Magnolia Magnolia tripetala *Goatsbeard Aruncus dioicus *Le Conte’s Violet Viola affinis *Pink Lady’s Slipper Cypripedium acaule *Fraser/Mountain Magnolia Magnolia fraseri *Black Chokeberry Aronia melanocarpa *Sweet White Violet Viola blanda *Large Yellow Lady’s Slipper *Tulip Poplar Liriodendron tulipifera *Wild Crab Apple Malus coronaria *Northern White Violet Viola pallens Cypripedium pubescens *Common Serviceberry Amelanchier arborea *Halberd-leaf Yellow Violet Viola hastata *Showy Orchis Orchis spectabilis Custard Apple Family (Annonaceae) Woodland Strawberry Fragaria vesca *Downy Yellow Violet Viola pubescens *Puttyroot/Adam-and-Eve Aplectrum hyemale *Pawpaw Asimina triloba Indian Strawberry Duchesnea indica *Smooth Yellow Violet Viola pensylvanica *Large Twayblade Liparis lilifolia *Common Cinquefoil Potentilla simplex *Canada Violet Viola canadensis Laurel Family (Lauraceae) *White Avens Geum canadense *American Dog Violet Viola conspersa Lizard’s Tail Family (Saururaceae) *Spicebush Lindera benzoin *Common Blackberry Rubus allegheniensis *Long-spurred Violet Viola rostrata *Lizard’s Tail Saururus cernuus *White Sassafras Sassafras albidum *Red Raspberry Rubus idaeus Wild Pansy Viola rafinesquii *Wild Black Cherry Prunus serotina 2 3 4 5.
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  • Tracing History

    Tracing History

    Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 911 Tracing History Phylogenetic, Taxonomic, and Biogeographic Research in the Colchicum Family BY ANNIKA VINNERSTEN ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS UPPSALA 2003 Dissertation presented at Uppsala University to be publicly examined in Lindahlsalen, EBC, Uppsala, Friday, December 12, 2003 at 10:00 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The examination will be conducted in English. Abstract Vinnersten, A. 2003. Tracing History. Phylogenetic, Taxonomic and Biogeographic Research in the Colchicum Family. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 911. 33 pp. Uppsala. ISBN 91-554-5814-9 This thesis concerns the history and the intrafamilial delimitations of the plant family Colchicaceae. A phylogeny of 73 taxa representing all genera of Colchicaceae, except the monotypic Kuntheria, is presented. The molecular analysis based on three plastid regions—the rps16 intron, the atpB- rbcL intergenic spacer, and the trnL-F region—reveal the intrafamilial classification to be in need of revision. The two tribes Iphigenieae and Uvularieae are demonstrated to be paraphyletic. The well-known genus Colchicum is shown to be nested within Androcymbium, Onixotis constitutes a grade between Neodregea and Wurmbea, and Gloriosa is intermixed with species of Littonia. Two new tribes are described, Burchardieae and Tripladenieae, and the two tribes Colchiceae and Uvularieae are emended, leaving four tribes in the family. At generic level new combinations are made in Wurmbea and Gloriosa in order to render them monophyletic. The genus Androcymbium is paraphyletic in relation to Colchicum and the latter genus is therefore expanded.