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CONTRIBUTIONS in NEW WORLD ARCHAEOLOGY Volume 11 CONTRIBUTIONS IN NEW WORLD ARCHAEOLOGY Volume 11 Contributions in New World Archaeology ( ISSN 2080-8216) is a semi-annual journal dealing with various aspects of North and South American archaeology, anthropology and ethnohistory. Its main aim is to publish results of archaeological excavations and surveys conducted in various parts of the New World as well as to present papers devoted to the studies of collections of archaeological artefacts discovered in either American continent. Moreover, the journal addresses such subjects as theory, methodology and practice in New World archaeology. www.cnwajournal.org E-mail: [email protected] REDACTION ADDRESS: EDITORS: 'HSDUWPHQWRI1HZ:RUOG$UFKDHRORJ\ -DQXV].U]\V]WRI.R]áRZVNL ,QVWLWXWHRI$UFKDHRORJ\ -DURVáDZħUDáND -DJLHOORQLDQ8QLYHUVLW\ 5DGRVáDZ3DORQND *ROHELD6WUHHW 0LFKDá:DVLOHZVNL .UDNRZ 3RODQG Telephone: +48 126631595 EDITORIAL BOARD: Víctor González Fernandez Instituto Colombiano de Antropología e Historia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia Christophe Helmke ,QVWLWXWHRI&URVV&XOWXUDODQG5HJLRQDO6WXGLHV8QLYHUVLW\RI&RSHQKDJHQ'HQPDUN 0LFKDá.REXVLHZLF] ,QVWLWXWHRI$UFKDHRORJ\DQG(WKQRORJ\RIWKH3ROLVK$FDGHP\RI6FLHQFHV 3R]QDĔ%UDQFK 3RODQG .U]\V]WRI0DNRZVNL 3RQWL¿FLD8QLYHUVLGDG&DWyOLFDGHO3HU~/LPD3HUX $OHNVDQGHU3RVHUQ=LHOLĔVNL 'HSDUWPHQWRI(WKQRORJ\DQG&XOWXUDO$QWKURSRORJ\$GDP0LFNLHZLF]8QLYHUVLW\3R]QDĔ3RODQG 0DULXV]6=LyáNRZVNL &HQWUHIRU3UHFROXPELDQ6WXGLHV8QLYHUVLW\RI:DUVDZ3RODQG 32/,6+$&$'(0<2)$576$1'6&,(1&(6 -$*,(//21,$181,9(56,7<±,167,787(2)$5&+$(2/2*< CONTRIBUTIONS IN NEW WORLD ARCHAEOLOGY Volume 11 Weaving Histories: Women in Mesoamerican Culture, Society and Politics Special Issue Proceedings of the 5 th Cracow Maya Conference ‘Weaving Histories: Women in Mesoamerican Culture, Society and Politics’ February 25-28, 2016, Cracow Edited by 0RQLND%DQDFK &KULVWRSKH+HOPNH DQG-DURVáDZħUDáND .UDNyZ Cover image: )URQWFRYHU6WHODIURP(O3HUXGUDZLQJE\-RKQ0RQWJRPHU\ . %DFNFRYHUWKHJO\SKRI k’uhul ixik IURP1DUDQMR6WHODGUDZLQJE\&KULVWRSKH+HOPNH /LQJXLVWLFHGLWRUV English: 6WHYH-RQHV *% %$LQ0RGHUQ/DQJXDJHV± English, Director of Distinction /DQJXDJH&HQWUH*GDĔVN Spanish: (ZD3DOND 3/ 'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)LORORJtD5RPiQLFD±8QLYHUVLGDG-DJXHOyQLFD .UDNyZ3RORQLD Cover art design $GDP%RUNRZVNL *UDSKLFVHGLWLQJDQG'73 Quetzal Studios © Copyright by: 3ROLVK$FDGHP\RI$UWVDQG6FLHQFHVDQG -DJLHOORQLDQ8QLYHUVLW\±,QVWLWXWHRI$UFKDHRORJ\ .UDNyZ ISSN 2080-8216 The print version of Contributions in New World Archaeology is the primary, reference version of this journal. Indexed on CONTENTS )rom the editors 3DFWDQGPDUULDJH6RFLRSROLWLFDOVWUDWHJLHVRIWKH.DQX¶O'\QDVW\DQGLWVDOOLHV GXULQJWKH/DWH&ODVVLFSHULRG Verónica Amellali Vázquez López 49 Variedad de títulos usados por la nobleza femenina maya del periodo clásico %RJXFKZDáD7XV]\ĔVND µ7KHKHDUWDQGVWRPDFKRIDNLQJ¶$VWXG\RIWKHUHJHQF\RI/DG\6L[6N\DW1DUDQMR Guatemala Christophe Helmke :K\µKHVKH¶LVQRWDUHOHYDQWGLVWLQFWLRQLQ&ODVVLF0D\DQ How grammar reveals patterns of thought Agnieszka Hamann 0D\DIHPDOHWDERR0HQVWUXDWLRQDQGSUHJQDQF\LQ/DFDQGRQGDLO\OLIH 0LODQ.RYiþ7DWLDQD3RGROLQVNi 9LUJHQGH*XDGDOXSH\VXSDSHOHQHOSURFHVRGHFRQVWUXFFLyQGHODLGHQWLGDG de los indígenas mexicanos Radoslav Hlúšek Contributions in New World Archaeology 11: 9-48 PACT AND MARRIAGE: SOCIOPOLITICAL STRATEGIES 2)7+(.$18¶/'<1$67<$1',76$//,(6 DURING THE LATE CLASSIC PERIOD 9ൾඋඬඇංർൺ$ආൾඅඅൺඅං9ගඓඊඎൾඓ/ඬඉൾඓ 3UR\HFWR$UTXHROyJLFR<D[QRKFDK8QLYHUVLGDGGH&DOJDU\(PDLOYHYDOR#\DKRRFRP Abstract Epigraphic, iconographic and archaeological evidence show the development of strategies for sociopolitical reproduction WKURXJK PDULWDO DOOLDQFHV DQG SDFWV EHWZHHQ WKH .DQX¶O DQG LWV DOOLHV HVSHFLDOO\ GXULQJ WKH th and 7 th FHQWXU\ 7KLV NLQG strategies of social cohesion pursued the creation of a system of stable and durable sociopolitical relationships that supported WKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKH.DQX¶OKHJHPRQ\,QWKLVV\VWHPDOOWKHSDUWLFLSDQWVEHQH¿WHGIURPWKHDFKLHYHPHQWVRIWKH.DQX¶O² VRPHPRUHWKDQRWKHUV²DQGZHUHLQWHJUDWHGLQWRDVRFLDOHFRQRPLFDQGSROLWLFDOQHWZRUN7KHFLUFXLWRIPDULWDOH[FKDQJH RI ZLYHV HVWDEOLVKHGE\&DODNPXOZLWKWKHLUQHLJKERUVDOVRLPSOLHGLQWHUDFWLRQWKURXJKWUDGHURXWHVRQZKLFKGLIIHUHQWJRRGV ZHUHWUDQVSRUWHGIURPWKHVRXWKHUQ0D\D/RZODQGVDQGIURPWKH0RWDJXDUHJLRQ7KURXJKWKHVHDOOLDQFHVDQGSDFWV&DODNPXO LPSURYHGLWVDFFHVVWRWKHVRXWKDQGEXLOWDKHJHPRQLFQHWZRUNDJDLQVW7LNDO+HUH,H[SORUHWKHRUHWLFDOO\DQGHPSLULFDOO\WKH PDUULDJHVDQGRWKHUNLQGVRISDFWVHVWDEOLVKHGE\WKH.DQX¶OZLWKRWKHUUXOLQJVRFLDOXQLWVHYLGHQFHFRPLQJIURPKLHURJO\SKLF WH[WVLPDJHU\DQGWKHDUFKDHRORJLFDOUHFRUGZKLFKUHÀHFWDVW\OLVWLFFDQRQW\SLFDORIWKH.DQX¶OG\QDVW\ .H\ZRUGV 0D\D&ODVVLFSHULRG6RFLRSROLWLFDO6WUDWHJLHV.DQX¶OG\QDVW\,FRQRJUDSKLFSURJUDPV Resumen /D HYLGHQFLD HSLJUi¿FD LFRQRJUi¿FD \ DUTXHROyJLFD SRQH GH PDQL¿HVWR HO GHVDUUROOR GH HVWUDWHJLDV GH UHSURGXFFLyQ VRFLRSROtWLFDPHGLDQWHDOLDQ]DVPDWULPRQLDOHV\SDFWRVHQWUHORV.DQX¶O\VXVDOLDGRV²FRPRODVpOLWHVGH8[XO/D&RURQD\ (O3HU~HQWUHRWURV²SDUWLFXODUPHQWHHQWUHORVVLJORV9,,\9,,,(VWHWLSRGHHVWUDWHJLDVGHFRKHVLyQVRFLDOEXVFDEDODFUHDFLyQ GHXQVLVWHPDGHUHODFLRQHVVRFLRSROtWLFDVHVWDEOHV\GXUDGHUDVTXHIDYRUHFLHUDHOGHVDUUROORGHODKHJHPRQtDGHORV.DQX¶O GRQGHWRGRVORVSDUWLFLSDQWHVJR]DURQGHORVORJURVGHODGLQDVWtDDVtFRPRGHODSDUWLFLSDFLyQHQXQDUHGGHLQWHUFDPELR VRFLDOHFRQyPLFR\SROtWLFR(OFLUFXLWRGHLQWHUFDPELRGHHVSRVDVTXHHVWDEOHFLy&DODNPXOFRQVXVYHFLQRVWDPELpQLPSOLFyOD LQWHUDFFLyQHQXQDUXWDGHLQWHUFDPELRDWUDYpVGHODFXDOFLUFXODURQGLIHUHQWHVELHQHVSURFHGHQWHVGHOVXUGHODVWLHUUDVEDMDV\ GHODUHJLyQGHO0RWDJXD$WUDYpVGHHVWDVDOLDQ]DV\SDFWRV&DODNPXOPHMRUyVXDFFHVRKDFLDHOVXUGHO3HWpQ\FRQVWUX\yXQD UHGKHJHPyQLFDHQFRQWUDGH7LNDO(QHVWDSRQHQFLDDERUGDPRVWDQWRWHyULFDFRPRHPStULFDPHQWHODVDOLDQ]DVPDWULPRQLDOHV \RWURWLSRGHSDFWRVTXHORV.DQX¶OHVWDEOHFLHURQFRQRWUDVXQLGDGHVVRFLDOHVJREHUQDQWHV\TXHKDQTXHGDGRSODVPDGRVWDQWR HQWH[WRV\HQUHSUHVHQWDFLRQHVYLVXDOHVFRPRHQHOUHJLVWURDUTXHROyJLFRJHQHUDQGRXQFDQRQHVWLOtVWLFRSURSLRGHODGLQDVWtD .DQX¶O Palabras claves: PD\DVSHULRGRFOiVLFRHVWUDWHJLDVVRFLRSROtWLFDVGLQDVWtDNDQX¶OSURJUDPDVLFRQRJUi¿FRV 10 9HUyQLFD$PHOODOL9i]TXH]/ySH] INTRODUCTION 5HFHQWDGYDQFHVLQWKHHSLJUDSKLFDQDO\VLVRIKLHURJO\SKLFH[SUHVVLRQVUHODWHGWRKLHUDUFKLHV²VXFK DVWLWOHVRI¿FHVDQGUHODWLRQDOVXEVWDQWLYHVLQGLFDWLQJVXERUGLQDWLRQRUDFWVRIHPSRZHUPHQW²KDYH been of substantial importance for the understanding of ancient Maya political dynamics. During the ODVWGHFDGHQHZ¿QGLQJVDQGWKHRUHWLFDOSHUVSHFWLYHVKDYHRSHQHGWKLV¿HOGRIUHVHDUFKWRDQHZUDQJH RIOHYHOVRIDQDO\VLV VHH)RLDV UHDFKLQJIURPWKHFRQ¿JXUDWLRQRIWKHUR\DOFRXUW VHH-DFNVRQ 2005, 2013) to the interaction among empowered social units in a hegemonic system of regional scale (see Martin and Grube 1995, 2000, 2008). In this endeavor, the epigraphic evidence has been IXQGDPHQWDOKRZHYHULFRQRJUDSKLFDQGDUFKDHRORJLFDOGDWDSURYLGHHTXDOO\LPSRUWDQWLQIRUPDWLRQ 5HODWLRQVRINLQVKLSPDUULDJHDQGRWKHUNLQGVRISDFWVWKDWDUHUHOHYDQWWRWKHVRFLRSROLWLFDOV\VWHP and its reproduction may be indicated by images and particular archaeological contexts. Inter- and PXOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\UHVHDUFKRIIHUVDQLQWHJUDOSHUVSHFWLYHRQWKHLVVXHVDWKDQG 5HSNR ,QWKLV article, I focus on iconographic and epigraphic evidence, complementing it with archaeological data LQRUGHUWRGH¿QHVRPHRIWKHVRFLRSROLWLFDOVWUDWHJLHVLPSOHPHQWHGDQGXVHGE\WKH.DQX¶OG\QDVW\ GXULQJWKH/DWH&ODVVLFSHULRGDWLPHZKHQWKHSULQFLSDOFRXUWZDVHVWDEOLVKHGDW&DODNPXO According to the epigraphic evidence and reinforced by recent discoveries of two glyphic panels DW;XQDQWXQLFKWKHVHDWRISRZHURIWKH.DQX¶OG\QDVW\ZDVDW']LEDQFKHXQWLOWKHHDUO\VHYHQWK FHQWXU\ +HOPNHDQG$ZHDE0DUWLQ0DUWLQDQG9HOiVTXH]*DUFtD1DOGD +HUQiQGH]9HOiVTXH]*DUFtD $JO\SKLFWH[WIRXQGDW/D&RURQDLQ (OHPHQW mentions the expression that has been read as .$- 1, that can be understood as the restoration of the VHDWRISRZHURIWKH.DQX¶OG\QDVW\LQDQHZORFDWLRQLQ$' 6WXDUW6WXDUW et al . 2015). The UHDGLQJRIWKHQHZ;XQDQWXQLFK3DQHOVDQGVXJJHVWVWKHVSOLWRIWKHG\QDVW\LQDKRVWLOHVLWXDWLRQ +HOPNHDQG$ZHDE DQGWKHVKLIWRIDSRUWLRQRIWKHG\QDVW\WR&DODNPXO 2 +HOPNHDQG $ZHDE0DUWLQ0DUWLQDQG9HOiVTXH]*DUFtD )URPWKDWPRPHQWRQZDUGVWKH .DQX¶OZLWK<XKNQR¶P&K¶H¶QDV k’uhul ajaw , started to spread its sociopolitical power throughout WKH0D\DDUHDWKURXJKDYDULHW\RIGLIIHUHQWVWUDWHJLHV7KHVKLIWRIWKHGRPLQDQWIDFWLRQRIWKH.DQX¶O G\QDVW\WR&DODNPXOZDVWKHSUHDPEOHWRWKHPRVWLQÀXHQWLDODQGSRZHUIXOHSLVRGHGXULQJWKHFHQWXU\ that ensued. 3UHYLRXVUHVHDUFKKDVH[SODLQHGWKH0D\DSROLWLFDOV\VWHPE\IRFXVLQJRQPRGHOVRIFHQWUDOL]DWLRQ DQG GHFHQWUDOL]DWLRQ &KDVH DQG &KDVH 'HPDUHVW )R[ HW DO 1996). Generally VSHDNLQJ FHQWUDOL]HG PRGHOV SURSRVH WKH H[LVWHQFH RI ODUJH VFDOH UHJLRQDO VWDWHV ZKHUH NLQVKLS has no prevalent role in politics (Chase et al &KDVHDQG&KDVH+DYLODQG Arlen and Diane Chase (1996: 821), for instance, propose a centralized unitary state that controls the HFRQRPLFUHVRXUFHVDQGGRHVQRWEDVHLWVSROLWLFDOVWUXFWXUHRQNLQVKLS'HFHQWUDOL]HGPRGHOVVXSSRUW WKHH[LVWHQFHRIVPDOOVFDOHZHDNO\LQWHJUDWHGSROLWLFDOHQWLWLHVZKHUHNLQVKLSKDVDIXQGDPHQWDO 1 'DYLG6WXDUW KDVLQWHUSUHWHGWKLVYHUEDVµIRXQGDWLRQ¶DYHUEDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHEHJLQQLQJEXWDOVRZLWK the restoration of political seats in new locations. In 2012, Dmitri Beliaev and Albert Davletshin have proposed WKDWWKLVYHUEFRPHVIURPWKH&K¶RODQURRW kaj µWRVHWWOHLQKDELW¶EDVHGRQFRPSOHPHQWDU\DI¿[HVRI ka and ja DW&REDDQG3LHGUDV1HJUDV 'PLWUL%HOLDHYDQG$OEHUW'DYOHWVKLQSHUVRQDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQFLWHGLQ7RNRYLQLQH DOVRLQ0DUWLQDQG9HOiVTXH]*DUFtDQ 2 ;XQDQWXQLFK 3DQHO PHQWLRQV kanu’l as a toponym that according to previous evidence might refer to ']LEDQFKH +HOPNH DQG$ZH E ZKHUHDV 8[WH¶WXXQ DQG &KL¶N 1DDKE DUH WKH WRSRQ\PV DVVRFLDWHG WR &DODNPXOSURSHU 6WXDUWDQG+RXVWRQ0DUWLQDQG*UXEH +HUHWKHWH[WRI/D&RURQD(OHPHQW is hard to understand, since the .$- H[SUHVVLRQLVOLQNHGWR kanu’l as toponym, that could be understood as the µVHWWOHLQKDELW¶RIWKHG\QDVW\DW']LEDQFKHEXWSXWWLQJWRJHWKHUWKHDYDLODEOHHSLJUDSKLFGDWDWKHG\QDVW\ZDV
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