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The Sandford Gulf and Other Lost Caves of Sandford Hill
THE SANDFORD GULF AND OTHER LOST CAVES OF SANDFORD HILL By R. M. Taviner During the 18 th century, miners’ working on the western outliers of the Mendip Hills intercepted several small but notable cave systems, including the Banwell caves, Loxton Cavern and Hutton Cavern. Most were subsequently lost, although several have recently been rediscovered by cave explorers, often by following clues provided by the antiquarians who dutifully recorded them. Not all of these caverns have been rediscovered however, including three well documented sites on Sandford Hill. The first, Elephant Cave - which contained the skeleton of a full sized elephant - was recorded in 1770, while the better documented Sandford Bone Fissure was excavated by William Beard, beginning in 1837. Both of these sites are important, but it is the third lost cave, the legendary Sandford Gulf, that most exercises the minds of cavers. It is hoped that this article will help to bring some clarity to proceedings, and through a process of elimination, propose a precise location for the missing Gulf - a very good place to start digging! Sandford Hill from the North-West Map data ©2016 Google ELEPHANT CAVE The full details of this mysterious cave were included in a letter dated 30 th January 1770, sent by William Jeffries of Wrington to The Rev. Alexander Catcott, clergyman, geologist and author of A Treatise on the Deluge. ‘Where these Bones were found in almost the highest part of the Hill on the north Side: they lay in an East and West Direction four fathom deep in a loose Strata composed mostly of small Fragments of limestone, Sand etc. -
North Somerset & Mendip Bats SAC Citation
EC Directive 92/43 on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora Citation for Special Area of Conservation (SAC) Name: North Somerset and Mendip Bats Unitary Authority/County: Bath and North East Somerset, North Somerset, Somerset SAC status: Designated on 1 April 2005 Grid reference: ST480544 SAC EU code: UK0030052 Area (ha): 561.19 Component SSSI: Banwell Caves SSSI, Banwell Ochre Caves SSSI, Brockley Hall Stables SSSI, Compton Martin Ochre Mine SSSI, King’s Wood and Urchin Wood SSSI, The Cheddar Complex SSSI, Wookey Hole SSSI Site description: The Cheddar complex and Wookey Hole areas support a wide range of habitats which provide feeding grounds for bats. These include semi-natural dry grasslands of which the principal community present is sheep’s-fescue – meadow oat-grass (Festuca ovina – Helictotrichon pratense) grassland which occurs on rock ledges and on steep slopes with shallow limestone soil, especially in the dry valleys and gorges and on the south-facing scarp of the Mendips. King’s Wood and Urchin Wood have developed over limestone which outcrops in parts of the site and forms a steep scarp to the south-east. There is mostly oak Quercus robur and ash Fraxinus excelsior woodland, though some areas are dominated by small-leaved lime Tilia cordata with both maiden and coppice trees. Other canopy trees include yew Taxus baccata, cherry Prunus avium and wild service tree Sorbus torminalis. There is a rich ground flora including many ferns and mosses. The limestone caves and mines of the Mendips and the north Somerset hills provide a range of important breeding and hibernation sites for lesser horseshoe bat Rhinolophus hipposideros and greater horseshoe bat Rhinolophus ferrumequinum. -
Banwell Bypass
Scheme overview Existing conditions Current routes through the villages of Banwell, Churchill, The A368 corridor is well used as a school Sandford, Winscombe and Locking consist of two single route by children, on foot and cycling. lane carriageways (A371 and A368). The sections of the Between villages, the roads are bordered by tall hedges highway between these villages provide access and integrated into the landscape, which means they to residential and agricultural properties. are only occasionally visible from points away from the The A371 carriageway passes through Banwell. Sections highway. The A368 forms the northern boundary of the of this road are narrow, reducing down to a single lane Mendip Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) of traffic. At certain times of the day this causes significant whilst the A371 between Banwell and Winscombe passes congestion, journey time delays and uncertainty. through the AONB. The A368 passes along the northern edge of the North Somerset and Mendips Bat Special These sections of highway are, for the most part, Area of Conservation (SAC). restricted to posted speed limits of 30mph and 40mph. The route via the A371 is around 9km in length and has only 1km of highway at the national speed limit and 600m at a posted limit of 50mph. The route via the A368 is also around 9km in length and has only 1km of highway at the national speed limit through Towerhead. Figure 3: Vehicles in Banwell (at Wolvershill Junction) Scheme objectives We will strive to meet our scheme objectives, which are to: Improve the local road network to Improve and enhance Banwell’s public spaces by reducing traffic severance deal with existing congestion issues. -
Cheddar Gorge and Gough's Cave
CHEDDAR GORGE AND GOUGH'S CAVE Plate 1 — Cheddar Gorge, looking east-north-east. Gouoh's Cave entrance buildings are at the edge the shadowof on the sharp bend in the foreground. Phot.: Aerofilms Ltd. Proc. Univ. Bristol Spelaeol. Soc., 1985, 17 (2), 121-128 CHEDDAR GORGE AND GOUGH'S CAVE by W. I. STANTON Cheddar Gorge is the classic example of a waterless limestone gorge with a tributary system of waterless limestone valleys. It is also one of Britain's greatest natural scenic attractions. Opening into it are several caves at different levels, whose origins are linked to the development of the gorge. The largest known cave is Gough's Cave, visited by half a million tourists each year. THE ORIGIN OF CHEDDAR GORGE Early speculation on the origin of Cheddar Gorge ranged from earthquake rifting to marine erosion. These ideas were replaced in the later nineteenth century by the cavern collapse hypothesis (Winwood & Woodward, 1891) which held that the' Cheddar Pass' had been created by roof collapse in a series of great caves. Balch(1947, pp. 65-7) summarized the arguments for collapse, citing the approach ravine to Wookey Hole Cave as an example of the process in action. Present-day views on dry valley formation were heralded by Reynolds (1927) who argued that the smaller dry limestone gorge of Burrington Combe, 4 km north of Cheddar, was eroded by a surface stream. This was possible because the ground was permanently frozen in the colder phases of the Pleistocene. Water from rain or snowmelt could not infiltrate underground as it does now, but ran off the Mendip plateau via the existing valley system, eroding gorges where the flow was strong and the gradient steep. -
Wessex-Cave-Club-Journal-Number
Journal No. 130, Vol. 11 August 1970 CONTENTS Page Club News 77 Charging Nife Cells to get Maximum Light, Bob Picknett 79 Home Made Nylon Boiler Suits for Caving, H. Pearson and D. Tombs 81 The Extension of Poulawillin, Co. Clare, C Pickstone 92 An Ear to the Ground 94 Northern Notes, Tony Blick 96 Water Tracing on Mendip - Tim Atkinson 98 Reviews 97 & 99 List of Members 100 The Complete Caves of Mendip - review 107 * * * * * * * * * * Hon. Secretary: D.M.M. Thomson, “Pinkacre”, Leigh-on-Mendip, Bath. Asst. Secretary: R.J. Staynings, 7 Fanshawe Road, Bristol, BS14 9RX. Hon. Treasurer: T.E. Reynolds, 23 Camden Road, Bristol, BS3 1QA. Subs. Treasurer: A.E. Dingle, 32 Lillian Road, London S.W. 13. Hut Warden: M.W. Dewdney-York, Oddset, Alfred Place, Cotham, Bristol 2. Journal Distribution: Mrs. B.M. Willis, Flat 2, 40 Altenburg Gardens, London S.W. 11. Club Meets: Jenny Murrell, 1 Clifton Hill, Bristol, BS8 1BN. Editor: M.D. Newson, 60 St. Mary’s Street, Wallingford. or Institute of Hydrology, 28 St. Mary’s Street, Wallingford. CLUB NEWS There is a feeling among Committee Members that much of the discussion ought to be extended to the general membership. On the whole the Committee has worked harmoniously over the last few years, but last meeting feelings ran high when some Members started wagging their fingers and beards at others whom they thought contributed less to the Club than was politic. The accused shifted nervously from one buttock to the other, while others, caught in the crossfire, sided one way or the other. -
HRA Review of All Proposed Policy Changes to the Submitted Core Strategy March 2013 Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010
HRA Review of All Proposed Policy Changes to the Submitted Core Strategy March 2013 Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010 PART A: The Proposal Policy changes to the B&NES Submitted Core Strategy, including policies to provide an additional 1,870 houses across 8 different locations/areas. Type of application: Core Strategy - Policy change Application site: Map Attached as Appendix C to the supporting document (Core Strategy Key Diagram – see identified development locations) Brief description of proposal: Various policy changes involving rewording and deletions or additions to text, but also to provide strategic housing locations with capacity for an additional 1,870 houses as follows: Land adjoining Odd Down 300 Extension to MoD, Ensleigh 120 Land adjoining Weston 300 Land adjoining East Keynsham 250 Land adjoining South West Keynsham 200 Land at Whitchurch 200 Somer Valley 300 Rural Areas 200 European site name(s): Bath & Bradford on Avon Bats (SAC) Mells Valley (SAC) North Somerset and Mendip Bats (SAC) Chew Valley Lake (SPA) Introduction These Core Strategy Policy changes have been considered under Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010. In particular, the policy changes are examined with regards to their impact on the “special interest features” of the Bath and Bradford on Avon Bats Special Area of Conservation (SAC), the Mells Valley SAC, the North Somerset and Mendip Bats SAC, and the Chew Valley Lake SPA. The policy change “must be compliant with the legal obligation to maintain in 'favourable condition' the conservation objectives of these Natura 2000 sites (SACs and SPAs)”. As the competent authority, B&NES is required to carry out this initial assessment and if a likely significant effect is identified, to then continue on with investigating the potential effects more fully in the form of 'Appropriate Assessment'. -
Bristol Water Drought Plan 2018 SEA Environmental Report Appendices
Bristol Water Drought Plan 2018 SEA Environmental Report Appendi ces ________________________________ ___________________ Ricardo Energy & Environment Bristol Water Drought Plan 2018 - SEA Appendices | 1 Appendix A: Figures of key interest features Appendix A is presented separately and consists of the following maps: A.1. SSSI, SPA, SAC, Ramsar and Ancient Woodland designations. A.2. AONB, NNR, LNR and National Trails. A.3. WFD waterbody classifications. A.4. WFD Groundwater Quantitative status. A.5. Agricultural Land Classification. A.6. Air Quality Management Areas. A.7. World Heritage Sites, Scheduled Monuments and Registered Parks and Gardens. A.8. Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty and National Character Areas. Ricardo Energy & Environment Bristol Water Drought Plan 2018 - SEA Appendices | 2 Appendix B: Drought Permits – Hydrological Zone of Influence Appendix B provides the hydrological zone of influence for the Blagdon, Chew and Cheddar Reservoir drought permit options as presented within the Environmental Monitoring Report (EMP) undertaken in 2007. The figures have subsequently been updated in 2017. Ref: Ricardo/ED62546/ Ricardo Energy & Environment Bristol Water Drought Plan 2018 - SEA Appendices | 3 Figure B1: Blagdon Reservoir drought permit zone of influence [This figure has been redacted for security reasons] Ref: Ricardo/ED62546/ Ricardo Energy & Environment Bristol Water Drought Plan 2018 - SEA Appendices | 4 Figure B2: Chew Reservoir drought permit zone of influence [This figure has been redacted for security reasons] Ref: Ricardo/ED62546/ Ricardo Energy & Environment Bristol Water Drought Plan 2018 - SEA Appendices | 5 Figure B3: Cheddar Reservoir drought permit zone of influence [This figure has been redacted for security reasons] Ref: Ricardo/ED62546/ Ricardo Energy & Environment Bristol Water Drought Plan 2018 - SEA Appendices | 6 Appendix C: Consultee responses to the SEA Scoping Report Appendix C is the consultee responses to the SEA scoping report and subsequent updates to the assessment. -
An Overview of the Archaeology of Mendip Caves and Karst
An overview of the archaeology of Mendip caves and karst. Compiled and edited by Vince Simmonds. Looking out to Blackdown, the highest point on Mendip, from Burrington Ham Contents Page Introduction 2 The geological landscape 4 The cave environment 5 Experiences within the cave environment 6 The use of caves 8 Some notable Mendip cavers and cave archaeologists 13 A chronological framework 16 A timeline for the archaeology of Mendip caves and karst: 17 Palaeolithic 17 Mesolithic 22 Neolithic into the Early Bronze Age 25 Bronze Age 29 Iron Age into the Roman/Romano-British 30 Saxon 33 Medieval 34 Post-medieval 34 Modern 34 Discussion 35 Descriptions of Mendip caves with a focus on the archaeological interest 37 Acknowledgements 64 Bibliography 65 Appendix 71 1 “The Mendip Hills are an important archaeological landscape, with an interrupted sequence of human activity stretching back 500 000 years” (Lewis, 2011). Introduction The Mendip Hills are a dominant topographic feature comprising a high steep-sided plateau that stretches from north-west to south-east diagonally across much of the northern region of Somerset (Green and Welch, 1965). The name Mendip is probably derived from the Celtic ‘mynydd’ meaning mountain or hill (Jamieson, 2015). The hills are formed predominately of limestone and located within this landscape are numerous caves and other karstic features. Caves are ancient features that appear in many shapes and forms, and a number of them have been used as natural shelters for humans throughout time ranging from the Palaeolithic through to the modern era. They have provided an opportunity for a diverse range of other functions, be it domestic, economic, or ritual and funerary. -
Natural England Standard A4 Word Template
European Site Conservation Objectives: Supplementary advice on conserving and restoring site features North Somerset and Mendip Bats Special Area of Conservation (SAC) Site Code: UK0030052 Greater horseshoe bats in limestone cave © Natural England/Michael Hammett Date of Publication: 14 March 2019 Page 1 of 48 About this document This document provides Natural England’s supplementary advice about the European Site Conservation Objectives relating to North Somerset and Mendip Bats SAC. This advice should therefore be read together with the SAC Conservation Objectives available here This advice replaces a draft version dated 21 January 2019 following the receipt of comments from the site’s stakeholders. You should use the Conservation Objectives, this Supplementary Advice and any case-specific advice given by Natural England when developing, proposing or assessing an activity, plan or project that may affect this site. This Supplementary Advice to the Conservation Objectives presents attributes which are ecological characteristics of the designated species and habitats within a site. The listed attributes are considered to be those that best describe the site’s ecological integrity and which, if safeguarded, will enable achievement of the Conservation Objectives. Each attribute has a target which is either quantified or qualitative depending on the available evidence. The target identifies as far as possible the desired state to be achieved for the attribute. The tables provided below bring together the findings of the best available scientific evidence relating to the site’s qualifying features, which may be updated or supplemented in further publications from Natural England and other sources. The local evidence used in preparing this supplementary advice has been cited. -
Making the Most of the Mendips: Utilising the Area for Geotourism A.R
MAKING THE MOST OF THE MENDIPS: UTILISING THE AREA FOR GEOTOURISM A.R. FARRANT1 AND J. HARDCASTLE2 Farrant, A.R. and Hardcastle, J. 2008. Making the most of the Mendips; utilising the area for geotourism. Geoscience in south-west England, XX xxx-xxx. The Mendip Hills are one of the most geologically varied areas in the country with a wealth of important geological sites and a wide variety of rock types, landscapes and wildlife habitats condensed into a small area. This makes the Mendips one of the best areas in the country to appreciate the relationship between geology, landscape and biodiversity. Large numbers of people visit the Mendip Hills each year to visit its famous caves and gorges, to participate in a range of outdoor activities, and to appreciate the landscape. The region is also an important source of aggregate, which causes a conflict of interest between conservation bodies, planners, and the quarrying industry, but which has created many superb geological exposures, some of these are now important nature reserves. There is often a great deal of published information on the geology, geomorphology and natural history of areas of high scenic value or geological interest such as the Mendips, but there is often a significant gap between the basic geological information commonly accessible to tourists and locals, and the more specialist academic literature. The British Geological Survey is currently producing a new series of user- friendly maps and guidebooks to fill this gap and to promote geotourism in several regions across the country. For the Mendip Hills, this is being done through an Aggregates Levy funded project to create two 1:25 000 scale geological maps each accompanied by guidebook and an open access website. -
Site Improvement Plan North Somerset & Mendip Bats
Improvement Programme for England's Natura 2000 Sites (IPENS) Planning for the Future Site Improvement Plan North Somerset & Mendip Bats Site Improvement Plans (SIPs) have been developed for each Natura 2000 site in England as part of the Improvement Programme for England's Natura 2000 sites (IPENS). Natura 2000 sites is the combined term for sites designated as Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) and Special Protected Areas (SPA). This work has been financially supported by LIFE, a financial instrument of the European Community. The plan provides a high level overview of the issues (both current and predicted) affecting the condition of the Natura 2000 features on the site(s) and outlines the priority measures required to improve the condition of the features. It does not cover issues where remedial actions are already in place or ongoing management activities which are required for maintenance. The SIP consists of three parts: a Summary table, which sets out the priority Issues and Measures; a detailed Actions table, which sets out who needs to do what, when and how much it is estimated to cost; and a set of tables containing contextual information and links. Once this current programme ends, it is anticipated that Natural England and others, working with landowners and managers, will all play a role in delivering the priority measures to improve the condition of the features on these sites. The SIPs are based on Natural England's current evidence and knowledge. The SIPs are not legal documents, they are live documents that will be updated to reflect changes in our evidence/knowledge and as actions get underway. -
Hillgrove 1956-1958
WESSEX CAVE CLUB LOGBOOK 1956 - 1958 Acq. No. No. Page Date Cave Area Notes Survey Significant 00441 1 3 13/09/1956 Easter Hole Mendip Dig 00441 2 3 14/09/1956 Stoke Lane Slocker Mendip Survey 2 00441 3 3 15/09/1956 Cuckoo Cleeves Mendip Dig 00441 4 4 16/09/1956 Dallimore's Cave Mendip 00441 5 4 17/09/1956 Stoke Lane Slocker Mendip 00441 6 4 18/09/1956 Swildon's Hole Mendip 00441 7 4 18/09/1956 Cuckoo Cleeves Mendip 00441 8 4 19/09/1956 Cuckoo Cleeves Mendip 00441 9 4 22/09/1956 Cuckoo Cleeves Mendip Dig 00441 10 5 23/09/1956 Lamb Leer Cavern Mendip 00441 11 5 23/09/1956 Swildon's Hole Mendip 00441 12 6 23/09/1956 Swildon's Hole Mendip Duck II 00441 13 6 29/09/1956 Swildon's Hole Mendip Maypole Series exploration P (p8) P 00441 14 8 30/09/1956 Swildon's Hole Mendip 00441 15 8 30/09/1956 Barrow Rake Swallet Mendip Seeking permission to dig 00441 16 8 05/10/1956 Wookey Hole Cave Mendip 00441 17 9 06/10/1956 Barrow Rake Swallet Mendip Dig 00441 18 9 07/10/1956 Barrow Rake Swallet Mendip Dig 00441 19 9 21/10/1956 Cuckoo Cleeves Mendip Photography 00441 20 10 21/10/1956 Nordrach Mine Mendip 00441 21 10 21/10/1956 Cross Swallet Mendip 00441 22 10 21/10/1956 Hope Wood rock shelters Mendip 00441 23 10 21/10/1956 St. Cuthbert's Swallet Mendip 00441 24 11 27/10/1956 Swildon's Hole Mendip 00441 25 12 28/10/1956 Stoke Lane Slocker Mendip 00441 26 12 28/10/1956 Hillier's Cave Mendip 00441 27 12 27/10/1956 Eastwater Cavern Mendip 00441 28 12 28/10/1956 Wookey Hole Cave Mendip 00441 29 12 28/10/1956 Swildon's Hole Mendip 00441 30 13 04/11/1956 G.B.