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UNITED • NATIONS .....,. *"""

OFFICIAL RECOlIDS OF THE SECOND SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY

SUPPLEMENT No. 9

REPORT OF THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON

LAKE SUCCESS NEW YORK 1947 ( 43 p.) A/335 11 August 1947

,J.... UNITED. NATIONS

~~

OFFICIAL RECORDS OF THE SECOND SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY

SUPPLEMENT No. 9

REPORT OF THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON UNITED NATIONS TELECOMMUNICATIONS

LAKE SUCCESS NEW YORK j,~.:'" '::"'~:'''':'::?'''~'''~_~~.' :"':,.. e ....." ••• ':"':'.,..,...... _, _. - TABLE OF CONTENTS .

Page Chapter I. INTRODUCTION I. Authority for United Nations to own and operate its communications facilities______I 2. Analysis of the committee's directive -______2 3. General description of the proposed technical plan.______2 4. New techniques included in the plan______2 5. Fullest utilization of national ('Ommercial facilities for handling official United Nations messages______3 6. General operational requirements______4 7. Relation of United Nations feeder network to existing world-wide networks ------______4 8. Initiation of plan and long-range expansion______4

Chapter 11. FACTS BEARING ON .THE CASE I. Technical definitions _ 5 2. Services required by United Nauom IS 3. The frequency spectrum and international radio regula- tions _ 5 4. High frequency broadcasting and analysis 6 5. facilities and frequencies______8 6. Conclusions ------______9

Chapter Ill. THE TECHNICAL PLAN ------____ 9

Chapter IV. THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND BUDGET- ARY PLAN______13

Chapter V. FULFILMENT OF TERMS OF REFERENCE 14

Chapter VI. I. -Conclusions and recommendations _ -_15 2. Acknowledgements --__ 15

ANNEXES A. Cost of proposed facilities 15 B. Replies from specialized agencies of the United Nations.... 20 C, Membership of the committee .. 21

m - CHAPTER I designated by China. Egypt. Uruguay. the UI'ited Kingdom and the U.S.S.R. shall be asked to meet INTRODUCTION with the Advisory Committee and examine the 1. AUTHORITY FOR UNITED NATIONS TO OWN AND plan in order to permitgreater participation in its OPERATE ITS COMMUNICATIONS FACILITIES preparation. The recommendations could then, at the discretion of the Secretary-Genel'al, be sub­ At the first session in London. on 13 February mitted to the General Assembly. 1946. the General Assembly approved the recom­ mendations of the Technical Advisory Committee III on Information, and transmitted them to the Sec­ The Advisory Committee will be expected to retary-General for his information and considera­ give careful consideration to all technical and tion. This Committee had recommended, amongst financial aspects ofthe problems involved, inorder other things: that the General Assembly may have in conven­ "The United Nations jhould also have its own ient form the opinion of competent technicians radio broadcasting station or stations at head­ regarding the possibilities lOnd limitations which quarters with the necessary wave-lengths, both for lie before the planners in this field. More specifi­ communication with members and with branch cally, the Advisory Committee is asked: offices. and for the organization of United Nations (a) To advise as to the frequencies best suited programmes. The station might also be used as a to United Nations requirements, and to suggest centre for national broadcasting systems which means for securing same. desire to co-operate in the international field. The scope of the radio broadcasting activities of the (b) To consult with the Transitand Communi­ United Nations should be determined after con­ cations Division of the Department of Economic sultation with national radio br'oadcasting organi­ Affairs with a view to recommending means by zations." which the United Nations can protect its interests Pursuant to the above authority, the Secretary­ as an operating service in the international tele­ General on I September 1946 appointed a com­ communications field. mittee of three radio experts, and issued the (c) To draft a proposal for the establishment committee the following terms of reference. of one signal communications service at UD.ited Nations Headquarters and such other points as ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON UNITED needed for handling United Nations broadcasts NATIONS TELECOMMUNICATIONS and the receipt and transmission of United Na­ tions written record traffic. I (d) To make recommendations concerning the The above Committee was formerly known as planning of a world-wide broadcasting schedule, the Panel of Radio Experts and was summoned having regard to such considerations as the wide by the Department of Public Information to assist geographical distributionoflistener3. seasonal and in its task. It will henceforth be known as the other changes in atmospheric conditions, problems Advisory Committee on United Nations Telecom­ of timing and the teclmical experience of existing munications. Its working membership will com­ radio systems. prise Brigadier-General Frank E. Stoner (United (e) To' advise as to how the United Nations States). Chairman; Mr. S. Kagan (France), Mem­ can best ensure a rapid How throughout the world ber and Mr. G. F. Van Dissel (Netherlands), of information concerning its activities by inte­ Member. grating United Nations facilities with those under II commercial or government control. The above Advisory Committee has been as­ (f) To investigate the possibility of the United signed three distin~t but related functions: Nations radio service.entering the fields of fre­ (a) To prepare a plan for efficient world-wide quency modulation and television and the imme­ broadcast coverage under United Nations aus­ diate steps. if any, which should be taken to safe­ pices of the General Assembly proceedings begin­ guard its interests in this respect. ning on 23 October 1946, and to give its engineer­ (g) To consult with all specialized agencies ing advice in the working out of this plan on associated with United Nations with a view to the behalf of the Department of Public Information. preparation and utilization of a common system (b) To investigate and make recommendations of world-wide telecommunications. concerning United Nations broadcasting and tele­ (h) To consult with the Military Staff Com­ communications arrangements during the period· mittee and other appropriate bodies cOD<:erning between the close of the General Assembly and the the technical problems which may arise con­ establishment of permanent United Nations tele­ in nexion with the use of United Nations tele­ communications facilities. communications facilities in time of emergency. (c) To investigate the technical problems aris­ ing in connection with the proposal to'give the (i) To prepare an estimate of the cost of the United Nations independent radio communica­ United Nations involved in the plans mentioned tion with the Governments and peoples of all above. . Member States, and to prepare recommendations IV in the form of a. plan supported by the necessary In order to complete the above tasks, the Com­ technical data. These recommendations shall be mittee is authorized to engage a lim~ced number completed by 10 November 1946, on which date of technical consultants who willbe asked to give it is suggested that five communications experts! detailed assistance in connection with specific

1 Detail on Membership - see Annex C. 1 problems investigated. Such services will include which of these frequencies can be used at the pro­ draughtsmanship required to illustrate certain posed United Nations radio stations without caus· portions of the Advisory Commiti:ee's recommen­ ing interference to the existing radio stations of dations. Member Nations. (Approved and Signed by the A conservative estim· ~ of the need for United Secretary-General, 14 October 1946) Nations is twelve frequencies in the broadcasting band. In the light of present conditions, this re­ 2. ANALYSIS OF THE COMMITTEE'S DIRECfIVE quirement indicates that a co-ordinateG plan for The first objective - to prepare a plan for the high-frequency broadcasting of the world may efficient world-wide broadcast coverage, under be expected to provide for sharing of the frequen­ United Nations auspices, of the General Assembly cies approximately fifty per.cent of th~ avail.able proceedings beginning on 23 October 1946 - has time, taking intelligent advantage of tIme dIffer­ been accomplished. The plan was approved by ences and improved d~rectional antennae, and/or Assistant Secretary-General Benjamin A. Cohen, for the extensio~ of the international broad­ of the Department of Public Information, on 10 casting bands to provide for the requirements of October 1946, and is now in effect. It consists, in United Nations. general, of utilizing part of the United States State Department and Canadian Broadcasting Direct international broadcasting normally re­ Corporation, netwo:--ks for broadcasts to Europe, quires the use of high frequencies (short-wave), the Middle East, Africa, Latin America, the Far although in closely settled regions medium-wave East, India, Austr~lia and New Zealand. It affords (standard broadcasting) may reach adjacent coun­ only limited coverage to these major areas, and tries. the plan was adopted as a matter of expediency Programmes produced in one cc.. ..tntry may be and because of the limited funds available in the supplied by wire or radio point-to-point trans­ 1946 budget. mission for re-bro..dcasting over standard fre­ The second objective was to investigate and quency stations in other countries. make recommendations concerning United Na­ A third main possibility is the export of record­ tions broadca~ting and telecommunications ar­ ings and script material for use by stations inother rangements during the period between the close countries. These programmes mayormay nothave of the General Assembly and the establishment of been performed publicly, in whole or in part, in permanent United Nations tel~comm~nicati~ns the -country or point of origin. facilities. These recommendatIons WIll be In­ In the planfor use ofinternational broadcasting cluded in a supplemental report to the Secretary­ and press distribution for the United Nations Gen- General, after decision is made by the General . eral Assembly, use on a world-wide basis of all Assembly on the permanent facilities plan de­ these metb.ods in combination has been included. scribed herein. This decision is essential before Itwill be regional instructureand operation, com­ intelligent planning can be started; as the services bining United Nations news service with inter­ to be included under lease arr;.:ngement and by national broadcasting, thereby affording the great­ othermeans may run for severai years, andrequire­ est economy inplaHt facilities, operatingcosts, and ments will vary according to the permanent plan frequel:cies. facilities and funds approved by the. General As­ Theplaninitiallycalls for he:ldquarters station; sembly. a European station, originating and relay; and a The technical plan to give the United Nations Pacific area relay station. A Latin American orl1i­ its own permanent and independent radio ~om­ nating and relay station is included for instafla­ munications facilities, so that it can commUnIcate tion, as the organization expands and the require­ peopl~s with the Governments and of all Member ments are more precisely known. These short-wave States, is discussed in Chapter III of this report broadcasting centres will be at locations selected and summarized with the resulting recommenda- on a geographical and t.echnical basis in Member . tions to the General Assembly in Chapter VI. Nations' territories. Each centre will have trans­ mitters, receivers, directional antennae for trans­ 3. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED mission and reception, and terminal broadcasting TECHNICAL PLAN equipment, and will provide for areacoverage; the In the last internaticnal frequency allocation sum of all centres will give maximum world-wide agreed at Cairo in 1938, roughly six per cent of coverage. Each United Nations rarlio centre win the frequency spectrum between four (4) and be connected by wire lines, low-powered radio or twenty (20) megacycles was assigned to b~oadcast­ micro-wave channels to permit re-broadcasting on ing. The remaining frequencies - ninety-four per standard local existing networks, thereby obtain­ cent - were assigned to the fixed, mobile and ing the maximum listening audience by the fullest amateur services. It will be difficult to get addi­ utilization of the existing national governmental tional frequencies assigned to international or private networks in the area served. broadcasting at the next international telecom­ munications conference. The present allocation is inadequate, and· many stations are operating 4. NEW TECHNIQUES INCLUDED IN THE PLAN inside and outside of the band in derogation of The war revealed in a spectacular way the vital the Cairo regulations. Our plan calls for the tak­ significance of communications. Armies of the ing over by the United Nations of the ?,equenci~s Allied nations, separated by oceans and conti. formerly assigned to the League of NatIOns. ItwIll nents, were connected together and controlled by require a detailed engineering study to determine integrated national systems - national systems 2 It the pro­ through combined procedures a;ld methods Ope characteristics will be employed to expand the hout caus· ,tations of erated efficiently as a single integrated system. volume range to its original value. Messages jumped hom cable to radio to land line To over::ome natural obstacles introduced by and between national networks with speed and the auroral zones and radio propagation vagaries, or United accuracy. Leaders were able to communicateorally provision has been made for the routing of trans­ )adcasting around the world. Written messages were sent mission via alternate paths through relays when IS, tbis re­ hom hemisphere to hemisphere in seconds. Sol­ the primary routes are inoperative. ~ plan for diers were separated from their homeland only These new techniques are in addition to the use ~orldmay by the distance to the nearest telephone. of highly directional transmitting and receiving ~ frequen­ Dissemination of mass material by electrical antennae, available to relay, and not to direct available means was essential to the defeat ,of the common international radio broadcasting. me differ­ enemy. The maintenance of a firm peace requires ,e, and/or comparable, if not better, world-wide service to 5. FULLEST UTILIZATION OF NA'"~iONAL COMMERCIAL al broad­ 'defeat the enemy of ..nankind - ignorance, hom COMMUNICATION FACILITIES FOR HANDLING OFFI· ~ments of which spring fear, misunderstanding, selfishness CIAL UNITED NATIONS MESSAGES and mistrust. Over a thousand million dollars The United Nations facilities will not be em- rmally re­ were spent on research, development, procure- ployed for handling any official business to Mem­ :>rt-wave), ment, installation, and operation of international ber Nations, and wiil refrain from entering the ium-wave communication facilities by the Alli.ed Govern- point.to-point general service field in competition :entcoun- ments for the prosecution of the war. This plan with Member Nations' commercial systems. It is calls for the expenditure of $6,OOO,O(!O, which is neither possible nor desirable for the United Na­ less than a hundred and fortieth of the amount tions to establish a world-wide point-to-point s)'s­ y may be spent during the war - small insurance for pro- tem for handling its own official message business. nt trans­ :lard fre- tection of the peace. The volume of official United Nations message The principal developments and methods of traffic to and from Membercountries will begreat. the war are embodied in the technical plan. A few It will gradually increase as thedepartmems of the >frecord­ of the new techniques included are as follows: Secretariat and the specialized agencies expand to sinother, Use ofradio receivers which augment ~e carrier their permanent strength and organization. It is 'nothave and thereby reduce the effect of selective fading estimated that this volume of official material plus I part, in in reception of direct international radio broad- the inter-office or internal adminisL.uive cir· casting. This will involve using the new receiver culars, orders, bulletins and documents, will ldcasting at network points and not for replacing radio exceed a miLlion words daily. All American com­ [onsGen­ receivers used by the public. mercial radio companies have branch offices at §is of all Extension of the use of single side-band trans- the Headquarters site of the United Nations and, :ncluded. mission will conserve frequency space and im- through existing agreements between these com.­ ion,com­ th inter­ prove the quality of reception. Since either of the panies and the commercial and governmental sys­ hegreat­ side-bands will convey the desired voice, emission tems of the Member Nations, service is available :osts, and of bothis used only when two transmissions are to for the handling of all official written record be made. Transmitters are available-in which a business to and from'the Member Nations, and radio-telephone modulation produces only one for the handling of private press releases of the I station; y; and a side-band, the other being almost completely sup- individual press associations of the w0-T1d. an or;~i. pressed, thereby reducing the bandwidthoccupied One special case is, however, to be noted. An installa­ to nearly half. A small amount of additional important portion ,of the Secre.tariat and spe­ require­ equipment permits two or more separate radio- cialized agencies will be located in Europe, very ort-wave telephone channels on the same transmitter, probably in Geneva and Paris. The resulting flow selected thereby permitting more effective use of thefacili- ofinter-office administrative business and informa­ Member ties. The main advantage is a radio-telephone tion documents for European release justifies the circuit on one side-band for exchange of pro- installation of the main European relay in the ~e trans· :>r trans· grammes originating in Europe and at the head- vicinity ofGeneva. Thesame facilities will beused dcasting quarters site, and six or more teletype circuits each for handlingprogramme transmission to and hom :age; the operating at sixty words per minute on the other Europe. The plan provides to this end a duplex rld·wide side-band for handling written record material. multi-channel system. ltre will Violent fading is usually encountered in tb.e The U.8. Telecommunications Co-ordinating radio or high-frequency range. Greatlyimproved reception Committee met in Washington, D.C., on 19 June­ sting on will be obtained by combining the signals inter- 1946 for the purpose of discussing Article 7 of the obtain­ cepted by two or more properly spaced antennae. convention between the United Nations and the efullest This system will be used for recei-,'ing the one-way Government of the United States regarding ar­ ilmental broadcasts of voice and written record releases at rangements for the permanentheadquarters, and the major field offices. in particular the United Nations communications Since the loudest passages of speech or music facilities at the headquarters site. Mr.'S. Kagan, must not exceed the modulation capability of the Mr. G. F. Van Bissel and Mr. Marc Schreiber PLAN transmitter, the softer passages are often so wea.1<. represented the United Nations under authority he vital that they are lost under noise level at the receiver. of the Secretary-General. The draft agreed upon of the Amplifiers are available which compress the vol- at this meeting was as follows: I conti­ ume range transmitted, thereby strengthening the' "TheUnited Nations may establish andoperate >l1ed by weaker passages and improving their reception. in the headquarters district its own short-wa,ve systems However, a special receiver havingcomplementary radio broadcast facilities (sending and receiving ------_.. ..-_---~ Itatlons). which in the case of emergency or when Member Nations on their domestic communica­ materi the Seaetary-General considen that special cir­ tions problems, with the end in view that United have a cumstances justifydoing so, may beused for radio­ Nations assistance will lead to standardization their telegraph. radio teletype. telephone. telephoto and throughout the world of procedures and methods, similar services. The United Nations shall make making possible a speedier flow of information by alTangements for the operation of such serv­ a flexible and automatic exchange of information ices with the International Telecommunications betweel1 networks. F Union. the appropriate agencies of the United In times of emergency or crisis the Secretary­ States Government and the appropriate agencies General shall issue the directives for the operation Radi of other affected Governments with regard to and control of the network. tended wavelengths and other similar matters. Nati "Arrangements will also be made to enable the 7. RELATION OF UNITED NATIONS FEEDER NETWORK United Nations to establish in the headquarters casting TO EXISTING WORLD-WIDE NE1WORKS toryof district a standanl and frequency modulation The communications network proposed in this broadcasting station of the type normally licensed islocat plan for United Nations is small in comparison Inte in the United States to serve a community of com­ with the major high-frequency networks of the parable size to the zone." broadc world. It is planned to serve as a feeder to all na­ within The Advisory Committee on United Nations tional and international networks from its one Telecommunications. after careful study of all theori primary and two or three secondary stations. It from the communications requirements of the United should service all the networks of the world. Its Nations. considers the above agreement inade­ modest size should not cause the dislodgement of Int quate for covering the point-ta-point service pro­ any high-frequency station operating in the na­ broad posed in the plan. It is therefore recommended tional or international public interest. tionin that a supplemental agreement with the United Encouragement and assistance will be afforded Dire States Government for this point-ta-point service in every way possible for the international ex­ nation be initiated by the Secretary-General. upon ap­ change of programmes between existing networks public proval of the general plan by the Assembly. and stations of the various nations. It is ..nder­ theori stood ·that all Member Nations will be allowed to relay. 6. GENERAL OPERATIONA'L REQUIREMENTS use the United Nations network when contra­ Rela The uses which can be made of the facilities versial questions are before the General Assembly nation planned are manifold. It is assumed that all the or the Councils. is tra lpecialized agencies will use the United Nations origina network facilities for mass communications, in 8. INITIATION OF PLAN AND LONG-RANGE EXPANSION anothe an effort to effect the widest dissemination of The Committee estimates that it will take at Wire material rapidly and economically. Broadcasts of least two years to procure and install all the com­ ing.Int United Nations press material and releases will be munications facilities included in this plan, pro­ materia handled expeditiously by superimposing a radio­ vided the total appropriation is made available mitted printer on active voice broadcast channels. per­ immediately. It is essential that the United Na­ broadc mitting the "transmission" of voice and printed tions go on the air with its own facilities at the High record at a hundred words a minute simultane­ earliest possible date; even to the extent of obtain­ ing. Ra ously without harm to the quality of the voice ing and installing used transmitters, capable of 3,000 a transmissions. All field offices will be able to very limited coverage; such equipment to be re­ freque receive both voice and press releases for rapid placed as new equipment is made available. It is aremos dissemination in their own area. This type of the unanimous opinion of the Committee and of MultI service will create. for the newspapers and broad­ leading communications experts consulted that message casting stations of the world. a reservoir of su­ the United Nations obtainand temporarily install, facsimil perior material always .available and timely. at rented locations, some of the transmitters and Theadc From a limited preliminary survey of the spe­ associated equipment listed for the headquarters the tim cialized agencies and the departments of the Secre­ site, during the calendar year 1947. acknow: tariat, it is estimated that over one million words The basic facilities listed in this plan for the symbol ofprogramme press material and inter-ofljce docu­ one primary and two or three secondary stations Dupl ments will be distributed daily to the twelve to will give the maximum world-wide coverage with fixed or twenty field offices, for further distribution simul­ the minimum expenditure of funds and interfer­ tions. taneously and quickly to all the press associations, ence to international communications. The sys­ Point .newspapers, and national radio networks of the tem is designed to allow great flexibility so that world. fixed p expansion to a world belt-line is readily obtain­ aerials Provisions should be made to establish all op­ able, as the requirements demand and funds are highest erating policies and to dete~ine· the division of made available. usage among the United Nations departments and This world belt-line would include additional the specialized agencies. relay stations in the Far East, Middle East, and at The organization. plan calls for the establish­ any point between which could be linked to the ment of a small communications operating and proposed stations of the plan in forming a multi­ engineering staff to provide for the implementa­ channel path around the earth in the Equatorial tionof this planand the operation ofthe approved and North Temperate Zones; surfaces of the earth broadcasting facilities. This engineering staff, in less affected by polar disturbances to transmis­ addition to its regular duties, would furnish com­ sions. Such a world belt-line would give the United I munications engineering advice on call to all Nations complete world-wide coverage for its 4 material as all the nations of the earth would The required services appear as follows: have a high-powered station of the network in Operational Services. Broadcasting to listeners their own general area. throughout the world directly or indirectly, through relaying or through rebroadcasting over CHAPTER. 11 local networks of the Member Nations. Transmit­ ting of multiple address inter-otiice business to FACTS BEARING ON THE CASE multiple destinations oneway broadcast by means 1_ TECHNICAL DEFINITIONS of morse signals, or facsimile. The Radio Broadcasting. Radio transmissions in­ United Nations will thus be able to distribute: tended to be received by the genaal public. 1. Documents; National Radio Broadcasting_ Radio Broad­ 2. Official communications such as: general infor­ casting intended to be received primarily in terri­ mation, statistical reports, medical intelligence toryofthecountryinwhich theoriginatingstation bulletins, agricultural reports, etc. is located. Special Seroices. This kind of service is not of general interest to ,the public and is exclusively Interior Radio Broadcasting. fiI-~tional radio directed to one point of destination. In technical broadcasting intended to be received primarily terms this type of service is designated as inter­ within the boundaries of the country in which the originatingstation is located (as distinguished office service. The United Nations requires limi­ from colonial broadcasting). ted two way service for the following purposes: (a) Special services of a permanent character: International Radio Broadcasting. Radio Telecommunications between Headquarters and broadcasting from one country intended for recep­ the major permanent field offices. These telecom­ tion in one or more other countries. munications may comprise , radio­ Direct International Radio Broadcasting. Inter­ telegraph, teleprinter or facsimile. national radio broadcasting in which the general (b) Special services of a temporary character: public receives the radio emissions directly from Such as telecommunications from Headquarters the originatingstationin another countrywithout to <:entres of international activities, conferences, relay. meetings, commissions, etc. Relay International Radio Broadcasting. Inter­ (c) Special services in times of Emergencies: national radio broadcasting in which the material Such as direct communications between United is transmitted by point-ta-point radio from the Nations Headquarters and Member Countries. originating station to a broadcasting station in In times ofemergency the United Nations Tele­ another country. communications facilities will be operated under Wire Network International Radio Broadcast­ special rules to be set up bv the Secretary-General. ing. International radio broadcasting inwhich the Finallyall MemberNations will benefit in times material (intelligence or programme) is trans­ of calamities such as floods, earthquakes, hurri­ mitted by wire from the originating station to a canes or other disasters by having the United broadcasting station in another country. Nations Telecommunications network placed at High-Frequency (short-wave) Radio. Broadcast~ their disposal. ing. Radio broadcasting on frequencies between 3,000 and 30,000 kilocycles. (In this range, the 3..THE FREQUENCY SPECTRUM AND INTERNATIONAL frequencies from about 6,000 to 20,000 kilocycles RADIO REGULATIONS are most useful for long distance.) There is but one radio spectrum for all the Multiple Address Telegrams. Omnidirectional nations to use and the international co-operation messages sent out by means of Morse, teletype or which has made possible the effective, efficient use facsimile to several destinations simultaneously. of this spectrum is significant and stands out as a The addressees are informed by code telegram of monumental landmark attesting to the kind of the time and frequency of the transmission and international reb.tionship which can be achieved acknowledge receipt or request repetition by code when common .problems bring the nations ta­ symbol using the services of commercial carriers. gether in a co-

1. 6 Receiving only radio page B. Receiving station and studio printers with reperforators and each' equipped for multi-copy 1. 1 Exalted carrier dual diversity 5. sprocket feed operation. $ 16,000 receiver or equivalent. $25.000 2. 6 Keyboard printers withtrans- 2. 1 Frequency shift dual diversity 6. mitting head and relay. 16,000 receiver. 2,000 3. 4 Send-receive radio printers for 3. 2 Rhombic receiving antennae. connexion _with common car- 4. 1 Antenna matching and switch- C. ing panel. 16,000. riers. 8,000 Th 4. 1 Keyboard printer with trans­ 5. 1 Two channel studio console. Unit mitting head and relay for car­ 6. 2 High fidelity microphones. to be rier shift keying of broadcast 7. 4 Instantaneous high fidelity re­ Field transmitter. corders. ceptio 18 8. 4 Transcription play back tables. Note: It is not planned for the time 9. 4 Equipment bays with recording being to purchase land or construct amplifiers, patch panel, monitors, transmitting or receiving plant build­ etc. ings at this location. The possibility is being considered to install the 10. 1 High fidelity monitor speaker. equipment in existing commercial 11. Test equipment: Audio oscilla­ plants and to have it operated on a tor, signal generator, amilyzer. contract basis by such commercial 12. One set of maintenance tools. $15,000 companies. 13. Emergency Power Supply. 10,000 TOTAL $102,000 TOTAL $68,000 V. FACILITIES FOR USE IN VARIOUS BRANCH OFFICES: IV. FACILITIES AT UNITED NATIONS LATIN AMERICAN FIELD OFFICE: $335,000.00 A. 20 Frequency shift, dual diversity re­ ceivers, capable of both programme Note: It is understood that this and printer-telegraph reception si- facility may be installed at any multaneously. $ 30,00~ important fieid office; a Latin American office has been assumed B. 20 Line amplifiers for the audio chan- most feasible for the purpose of nels of these receivers. 6,000 presenting this budget. C. 20 Dual antenna kits for use with A. Transmitting plant above receivers. 20,000 1. 1-2 kw, 5 to 22 mc, suppressed D. 20 Receiving only radio page print- carrier, single side band transmit- ers. 26,000 ter. $ 43,000 E. 20 tape recorders with tape pulle!s 2. 1~50.kw amplifier for the above for 'international morse cOde recep- suppressed carrier transmitter. 30,000 tion. laOOO 3. 1 Rhombic antenna beamed to TOTAL $100,000 United Nations General Head- quarters receiving station. 16,000 VI. MISCELLANEOUS GENERAL EXPENSES: 4. 1 Rhombic antenna beamed to A. 4 Telephone "privacy" devices. $60,000 United Nations main European Field Office receiving station. 16,000 (These are for use in connexion with the single side band voice channels 5. Em.ergency Power Supply (200 for telephone conferences by United kw Diesel Unit). 40,000 Nations 'officials. between General TOTAL $145,000 Iieadquarters and the two field offices where single side band equip- B. Receiving Station ment is planned.) 1. I Suppressed carrier, single side B. 4 Ultra high frequency multi-chan­ nel studio-to-transmitter and receiv­ band receiver. $ 35,000 ing station-to-studio link transmitters 2. 1 Exalted carrier, dual diversity and receiving for use at United Na­ broadcast receiver or equivalent. 25,000 tions General Headquarters and at (To be used to feed United Main European FieldOffice. (Includ- Nations programmes to local sta­ ing antennae and antenna supports.) 10,000 tions for re-broadcasting.) TOTAL $70,000 3. 1 Frequency shift, dual diversity receiver. 2,000 Note: 4. 2 Receiving rhombic antennae, 1. The above estimates do not include bearing on United Nations Gen­ any provision for buildings and land, as eral Headquarters transmitting no decision has been made yet concern­ station. ing the headquarters site. 5. Antenna matching and switch­ 2. The cost figures in this report are ing panel. 16,000 estimates based on past experience in 6. 'Emergency Power Supply 10,000 the .procurement of similar equipment and m.aterials. Wherever possible, tenta­ TOTAL $88,000 tive quotations were obtained from sup­ pliers. It is proposedthat all contracts for c. Message Centre $102;000 procurement and for performance of the This message centre, located in the construction andinstallationbe awarded United Nations field office building, is after taking sealed bids from a number to be a duplicate of the Main European of recognized suppliers or contractors, of Field Office Message Centre with the ex­ all Member Nations, in each ofthe·vari­ ception that item 4 shall be omitted. ous fields involved. .19 ANNEX 8 International Labour Office ( Replle. from, Specialized Agencle. of the Bureau international du Travail United Nation. Montreal 25. dr Canada Paris a 25 October 1946 9 November 1946 B. Dear General Stoner, Brigadier-General Frank Stoner. (a Following is copy ofcable sent to Cohen today. Thank you for your letter of 22 October. The Congratulations on excellent plan ofStoner Com­ International Labour Office will be glad to ap­ ad mittee as outlined to me by Lambert for United point a representative to discuss with you our ti Nations shortwave giving world requirements in regard to the matters being con­ q coverage also plan of interim broadcasting facili­ sidered by the Telecommunications Advisory (b ties. UNESCO warmly endorses Stoner proposals Committee, and I shall get in touch with you on ad on assumption: (first) that joint board of United the subject as soon as the Director-General has co Nations and specialized agencies will supervise decided who will represent the Office for this (c facilities and plan programmes; (second) that purpose. UNESCO be recognized as specially interested in Sincerely yours, lie c~ltural educational, scientific and programmes (Signedj C. W. JEN'KS a and as specifically responsible for formal educa­ ID Legal Adviser tional work; (third) that UNESCO personnel ea share in day-to-day operations and production in Brig.-Gen. Frank E. Stoner. fo New York and other centres. On this basis of Chairman, co-operation we confidently look forward to im­ Telecommunications Advisory Committee, Ge portant development of joint use of radio to pro­ United Nations, de mote our common and individual ohjectives. Lake Success, N.Y. m HUXLEY fac wa World Health Organization International Bank for Interim Commission Reconstruction and Development 2 East I03rd Street Washington, D.C. New York, N.V. 25 October 1946 . 24 October 1946 Dear General Stoner, Brig.-Gen. Frank E. Stoner, Bri I have received your letter of 21 October 1946, Chairman, Ch suggesting that representatives of the Bank and Telecommunications Advisory Committee, Te the Telecommunications Advisory Committee of United Nations. U the United Nations meet to discuss the require­ Lake Success. N.Y. La ments of the Bank in this field. Dear General Stoner, We will, of course, be pleased to arrange such De a meeting, but I should like to express to you my Following our telephone conversation this view that it is unlikely that the Bank would find morning, I am enclosing a copy of a note made sho it necessary or desirable to avail itself of world­ by Mr. Deutschman of our staff, on our com­ Re wide broadcast facilities. munications needs in the future. not No decision has yet been taken as to the head­ Aside from the release to the press from time bef4 quarters of the Organization or of the Interim to time -of current information, the Bank will Ad1 Commission during the first part of 1947. The probably limit its information programnie to the of t decision about the Interim Commission will have task of furnishing appropriate information to the to be made between the 4th and lOth of Novem­ investment groups in those countries in which it is a ber in Geneva; after that time we shall be able seeks to market its securities. This type of infor­ I to give you more definite information. I hope that mation does not lend itself to radio broadcast tin in the meantime the information we have will be nor does it require the broad coverage of a radio ma of use to you. network syste~. Acc Sincerely yours. For these reasons, I suggest that the Bank's for (Signed) BROCK CHISHOLM interest in the plans of your Committee is less me Execu,tive Secretary direct than that of other agencies. Under the I circumstances, you may decide that discussions ,22 October 1946 be would not prove particularly fruitful. If you do While it is difficult to estimate the overall UN desire discussions, however, I shall be glad to requirements of WHO in Radio facilities and designate' a representative to explain more fully Radio time I can. however, list our needs as the role and program of the Bank. follows: Sincerely yours, A. Telecommunica'tions (Signed) EUGENE MEYER Official Communications with President (a) Governments Brig.-Gen. Frank E. Stoner, This would include communications and an- ' Chairman, nouncements .under the International Sanitary Telecommunications Advisory Committee, Conventions and emergencycommunicationssuch United Nations, as in the case of outbreak of important epidem­ Lake Success, N.Y. ics, etc. ee (b) Regional Bureau. .• No answer was received from the lil Routine weekly or dally commUnIcations .ad­ Food and Agricultural Organization 5. dressed to aJl regional bureaus of WHO. Time la about five minutes per day. !6 On 13 November 1946 Brig.-Gen. Frank E. B. Radio Stoner for the fine presentation, stating that they (a) Epidemiological bulletins tee a brief of the proposed Communications Plan le These bulletins addressed to national health for the United Nations. ~. administrations over a complete network of sta· The thanked General Ir tions or by beams in code or in cl~ar W QuId re­ Stoner for the fine presentation. stating that it 11­ quire about five minutes per day. took cognizance of the proposed plan and noted :y (b) Official announcements to nati?nal heal~h it in the record of the Military Staff Committee. administrations would be made occaSIOnally or In IS connection with the work of the HealthAssembly. is (c) Broadcasts about the activities of WHO ANNEX C These broadcasts addressed to the general pub­ lic should be arranged for within the terms. of Membership of the Committee :s agreement with the Department of Public Infor­ Original Committee mation United Nations. I assume that such broad­ ~r Brigadier-General FRANK E. STONER. (U.S.A.). casts made in five or six languages would require Chairman, Assistant Chief Signal Officer, U.S. forty minutes per week. Army, Formp.r Wartime Chief of U.S. Army Remark. In a telephone conversation with Communications Service. General Stoner, the World Health Organization MR. S. KAGAN (France), former Chief Signal Offi· declared that they could not yet give a final state­ cer. HQ, Free French Forces; formerly Chief ment concerning the use of the United Nations French Mission of Telecommunications. facilities but that their estimate for the moment was forty minutes daily. MR. G. F. VAN DISSEL (Netherlands), Chief of n Communications Dept., NetherJands Purchas-' n ing Commission; Former Member of Transit :t United Nations and Communications Section, League of Na­ r .,' Relief and Rehabilitation Administration tions (in charge of direction League of Nations 6 25 October 1946 wireless section). Brig.-Gen. Frank E. Stoner, Chairman, Augmented Committee Telecommunications Advisory Committee, The augmented committee consiste4 of the United Nations, members named above. plus the following nomi­ Lake Success, N.Y. nees of the Governments named: MR. WEN YUAN PAN (China), formerly Techni· Dear General Stoner: cal Adviser, China Defense Supplies, Inc•• s In response to. your letter of O~ober 2~, I Washington, D.C., and Universal Trading e should like,to adVise you that the UnIted Nations Corp., New York City; Communications :illcpert 1- Relief and Rehabilitation Administration will to Internat. Civil Aviation Conference, '1944. not be concerned with any matters which will be COL. HASSAN BEY RAGAB (Egypt), at present Mili­ I· before the United Nations Telecommunications tary Attache, Egyptian Embassy, Washington, 1 Advisory Committee. UNRRA is not an agency D.C.; formerly Commanding Officer, Egyptian e of the type we believe to be contem~lated :und~r Army Telecommunications Maintenance Sys­ e the terms of reference of your committee, Slllce It tem. is a temporary rather than a specialized agency. " MR. SERGEI P. GAVRILITSA (U.S;S.R.). at present· It is not contemplated that UNRRA will con­ radio engineer in charge of communications, t tinue its activities past the middle of 1947, and e Soviet Delegation to United Nations; formerly many' of its operations will cease before that time. broadcastengineer, Moscow Radio, Main Office. Accordingly, it is not felt that it will be necessary BRIG. JOHN GORDON DEEDES (U.K.), Telecom­ for representatives of UNRRA to discuss require­ ments in the telecommunications field. munications Attache, British Embassy, Wash­ 'ington, D.C.; formerly Deputy Director of If, nevertheless, you feel that anypurposewould Signals (Telecommunications), War Office, be served by meeting with a representative of London. . UNRRA, we shall be happy to meet with you. MR. ROBERTO FONTAINA, President of SADREP, Sincerely yours, Commercial Broadcasting ~etworkof Uruguay; (Signed) ALFRED E. DAVIDSON Alternate Delegate of Uruguay to United Na·' Gener('~ Counsel tions. Assembly. .

21 ....URE I

BROADaAST ANTENNA BEAM DIRECTIONS UITED NATIONS GENEIW. HUDQUAIn'IRS TlWtSMTTlNG PLANT

CIIAHT Olt'· THI'; WOHLD Hh.....ill!t Un·... (liml,- Uhdn..."... IInd .\xinmll..o

GREE M TI

o

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09 o

/ 1

I 2

I 3

14

I 5

I 6

I 7

i 8

I 9

20

2 I

2 2

2 3

00

...... ". \ ,- ,- MO' - - - _.... 11-- - .U ,.... &MD - - - - .- ur - WELDClN • CARI ur CONSULTING~ ENGINEERS WASllNGTON DC 4IIOlIA --...------_....._------. FIGURE 2 ....UR! I

TYPICAL OPERATING SOHEDULE FOR UNITED NATIONS GENERAL HEADQUARTERS TRANSMITTERS

AREAS SERVED TRANSMITTE1' UTILIZATION GREENWICH ~~~~~.~I alo'-I.O. leO-.leo- 170,-.eo 100 .00 100 ,0 10 MEAN ••·.'••• MO~TN.IIT lA'T IOUTN • CENT.aL EAt' W.IT ---.u --;;s: -=me !...! .!!..! It. !...! •• TIME IUIIIO'I lullla,! CI.T..... 'IIt"le& 10.&..IIIICA 10.•ltl:llICA ZUUIIO AUITU"IA nu." A B IQ o E "ItICA 'TAT'O.

00

o I

02

03 04 Iria-'1+---+---1M o 5 >--+t---+.... : uH----l-----I 1-----< ~:; 06 >--11-----1--1: : 1-1-----1---- 1-----< : 3, o 7 >--llI-----4...1 a c -4---+--- 1----< I~ ~I 08 >--Ir--....!!!!!!!+-~~~rl----t----+---+---4----· .. 1-----< .. :0 ;:1-1----+-----1-----+----1---­ i El ,~• ~I0: '-1----1----+---- • ,-1----+----+---- ..i

3

4

5

6

7

20

2 I

2 2

2 3

00

•• .. ", 10 •• •• 1t0UIII It,OU.' 1I0000t JlOU., 1I0un

!!!!.: TlItA..IIIITTI. UT'"LIZA'IO... - I ..OIC&TII THI TOTAL Nu...EIt or HQUItS

'''0 '"E T'ME 0' OAT EAC" 0' THE 'IVE TltANSIIIITTE", I' 'N O'E""ION. ".EI. IIItYED· SNO.' THE .ltOIDCASTI•• TIIIE "0" EACH or THE INDICArED .&"110. acaita, .III.S "liD THE '.IITICU...II TIt-a.SIIITTE" "[QU"'ED 1'0" THAT 'E"YIC~. flOll.II\.T.....DI~ &.;ii.~u. ' ••;II".IT~II'OO ....0&. FIGURE I

BROADCAST ANTENNA BEAM DIRECTIONS UNITED NATIONS MAIN EUROPEAN FIELD OFFICE TRANSMITTING PLANT

CHART OF THE WORLD SHOWING GIlEAT CIIlCLIl DISTANCES AND AZIMUTHS FIIOIII GENEVA

--... ------,.....:.... -'- .' / ",' / ;/

/ .. I I I I

JO I

/

WELDON a CARR CONSULTING RADIO ENGINEERS WASHINGTON DC 461031 FIGURE I FIGURE 4

TYPICAL OPERATING SCHEDULE FOR UNITED NATIONS MAIN EUROPEAN FIELD OFFICE SHORT WAVE TRANSMITTERS

AREAS SERVED GREENWICH 1=====;====::;:=_=='=II=T.~uFI=I=E=A=.'=I=II::;====;j=====I TRANSMIT fER IllEAN UII. •101& MO I"• CaMTUL A*l lDAIOt_VIA IO.T" TIIIIE III.LAIDI un 10. AnlCA AII.'CA IAIT IIcnll 1001(. DO •• A I

00

01

02

03

04

05

06 .... ". 07

08

09

10

1I

12

13

14

III

16

17

18

19 - . ,. ~ ; 20

2 I

22 23

00

NOT! Y;;;;;IIIITTIJII UTILIZATION"INDICATEI THI TOTAL NU"IIII 0' "DU'" 'NO TMI TIIIII 0' THI DAY loAtH 0' THI TWO , ..',.....TTI"; IS IN O'I"'TION, all141 II"Ylp .. ,HOW' THI ...olDe..S'IN, TIIU 'all lACM 0' THI .NOIC&TIO A~!"AND THI '."'ICULA" '.'''IIIITTI'' "IQun.ID 'Dill 'HAT IIIIVICI ,,. IQ •• ,"...... ITTI. IIIIVI. THI NI•• E'I' '.0 IOUTN ,'IIICI '0"

CI'H' 'fOU.' DAILY I THI 11I1""1"'" 0'"01''' IS "IIIIVID '0" "ILAY••' '1II00"A.S 01llGINAYI1I8 IN [UIIOI'I TO UIUTIO ...TIONS HI.aQU'''TlIII 0" IlLII.HIE"I.

WILOO" • CAIUI COMSULTI.' "'010 11'111[_. W'511I1N"01 OC ••1102& /'r

;'1 ? ,

L. l'l···········.····' I, •I· ----illi\Xi<.\.:~.. IIltIl•••!iliiiUim~------lIii\iIiiiilililiWi!!l1i!IlliIlI---ilII!lIi-i!IiiIIIIl!!!'lIi!--1IiIiIIi!~iM,IIl!.IiIil!l-i4i4iA-;~_III!!II!_I!!!IlIII U!!"'__" inl_alt... IFIGURE 5.11

./ i i ~ ..

,.'

. f ESTIMATED llliiHI SERVICE CONTOURS ! ...... SHOWING APPROXIMATE SIGNAL INTENSITIES .. - -"- -- FOR ACCEPTABLE SUMMER a WINTER SERVICE -- ._---- ...... fBQp.QSED...... - ...-...... UNITED NATlONS 1000 KW ~ ~ TRANSMITTER .._.._.._.._.._.._•.._.._.._... WELDON .. C"RR CONSULTING RADIO ENGINEERS WASHINGTON DC .8102••

•' -_.Jf. ~oM.".~ _ _

••ll'rir....a•• ..=---=. -~ FIGOltE ,

BROADCAST ANTENNA ~e:AM DIRECTIONS fOR FIRST POSSIBLE LOCATION OF UNITED NATIONS PACIFIC AREA RELAY STATION

CHAHT OF THE WORLD Showinlt (iil'.'lIt (lift,l... J)i1ot"nl'l'tO and '\7.imuth" 'ft,m 80n 1··mnai..uc),(GI. tn ,,11 .'uint" cm thr .·:a.rth·" Surful1C'

8Wut.yn.. 6 ,_ kb+a." 10: ""\ ...... N8utiMir MU... aJiiJ4B1 ...... 10000 .- WELDON a CUR CONSULTING RADIO INGINEERiiJ WASHINGTON DC 481011C FIGURE '.1 IRE ,

BROADCAST ANTENNA BEAM DIRECTIONS FOR SECOND POSSIBLE LOCATION FOR UNITED 'tATIONS PACIFIC AREA RELAY SUTION

CHART OF THE WORLD ~OWING GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND l71MUTHS FROM HONOLULU HAWo\llAN ISLANDS 10 ALL PCllNTS ON THE EARTHS SURFACE

i

,"~TI.,.eE lh 1lI1Lts -... 3000 ~C.OO .... -• - WELDON a CARR CONSULTING RADIO ENGINEERS WASHINGTON DC 46101S~ FIGURE 7

TYPICAL OPERATING SCHEDULE FOR UNITED NATIONS PACIFIC AREA RELAY STATION

GREENWICH AREAS SERVED TRANSMITTER ANTENNA BEAM NO.I ANTENNA BEAM NO.2 MEAN UTILIZATION NE'Hl"LANDS '''[trlCH TIME .. A' .... CHI" • 'H"ILAND 'HlUP'UI[S [AST IMDO' luu,a (I' 200KW) 'NOI[S CHINA

00 ,.---. I I 01 I __ ..II 02 --, I OS ___,I 04

05

06

07

08

09

10

II

12

IS

14

15

16

17

8

19 20 1---' I 21 I I I___ J 22 r-- -. I I I 23 IL. __ J I 00 11 "CH'.'

NOT[S I '''.NSIII' lr_ UT'Lt,a'IOfil • ".OI\~',.'ES 'HI' TOTAL NUM.I. 0' HOURS 'NO T"I '11110' 01.' '.'''$1111''£.1$ ... o'r."tONi z .~r&s 1£....10 ... SHOWS '"I ."oaOe&5"'" 'IIIE '0. tACH OF '.E nUl &MO '.1 aUUMA lUll UQUIUD 'OR THU SERVICE TNI II&".I..G$ ~"(\#f I: Il..It"G "OUltS 0' .flIlAS 5[.y[n 0.5"[0 'IN!S 'MOW &001"0"6, 'OS$.a",. ~I"YIG[ Q\lIINQ ..OllN'NG HOUlt:; Wh.DO". c.... TO 'HIli llIt&A$ CONSuLT'NG ""DID I ..Glltf flS !L 11 I:

,Jot:

TENTATIVE LIST OF ANTENNAE

UNITED NATIONS GENERALHEADQUARTERSTRANSMlnlNG PLANT

Beam Direction Antenna No. Description

::i ·~·. ( EAST AND NORTHWEST EUROPE r I 6 and 9 me. dual frequency curtain M ri EAST AND NORTHWEST EUROPE 2 9 and 11 me. dual frequency curtain l~'

EAST AND NORTHWEST EUROPE I! 3 II and 15 mc. dual frequency curtain All to be supported on three towers.

EAST AND NORTHWEST EUROPE 4 11 and 15 mc. dual frequency curtain ~, ,.

(.>0 - EAST AND NORTHWEST EUROPE 5 15 and 17 me. dual frequency curtain SOUTHWEST EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA 6 9 and 11 mc. dual frequency curtain

~ i~ SOUTHWEST EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA 7 15 and 17 me. dual frequency curtain All to be supported on three towers. CENTRAL AND SOUTH AFRICA 8 9 and 11 mc. dual frequency curtain

CENTRAL AND SOUTH AFRICA 9 15 and 17 mc. dual frequency curtain

EAST SOUTH AMERICA 10 9 and 11 me. dual frequency curtain

EAST SOUTH AMERICA 11 15 and 17 me. dual frequency curtain Ut ... All to be supported on three towers. •Q::r - WEST SOUTH AMERICA 12 9 and 11 mc. dual frequency curtain •C -.-m WEST SOUTH AMERICA 13 15 and 17 mc. dual freque?cy curtain ~CD N ~

~i

~.

MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA 14 Broadbeam curtain for 6 mc.

EAST AND NORTHWEST EUROPE 15 Rhombic antenna with 6 to 11 mc. range

EAST AND NORTHWEST EUROPE 16 Rhombic antenna with 9 to 15 mc. range

EAS"C AND NORTHWEST EUROPE 17 Rhombic antenna with 11 to 17 mc. range

EAST SOUTH AMERICA 18 Rhombic antenna with 6 to 11 mc. range

EAST SOUTH AMERICA 19 Rhombic antenna with 9 to 15 mc. range

"VEST SOUTH AMERICA 20 Rhombic antenna with 9 to 15 mc. range

PACIFIC AREA RELAY TRANSMITTER 21 6 and 9 mc. dual frequency curtainj

~ PACIFIC AREA RELAY TRANSMITTER 22 11 and 15 mc. dual frequency curtain AII to be supported on three towers.

PACIFIC AREA RELAY TRANSMITTER 23 17 and 22 mc. dual frequency curtain

Note: The foIlowing antennae are to be reversible: Nos. 6 and 7 (for service to New Zealand); Nos. 8 and 9 (for service to Australia). The above tentatively summarizes antenna requirements without specifying operating frequencies pending their aIlocation to the United Nations.

III~ ... •Q- ...N.c .....o III N

~ TENTATIVELISTOF SHORTWAVEANTENNAE

UNITEDNATIONSMAIN EUROPEANFIELDOFFICETRANSMlnlNG PLANT

Description

6 and 9 me. dual frequency curtain ti1 6 and 9 me. dual frequency curtain

II and 15 me. dual frequency curtain

9 and II me. dual frequency curtain

II and 15 mc. dual frequency curtain

Rhombic antenna designed for optimum frequency range of 9 to J5 me.

II and 15 me. dual frequency curtain

Rhombic antenna with 6 to II me. range

Rhombic antenna with 11 to 18 me. range

6 to 9 me. duaJ frequency curtain

"11 Note: The above tentatively summarizes antenna requirements without specifying 2i operating frequencies pending their allocation to the United Nations. c •III • 'W

~.

LIST OF ANTENNAE

UNITED NATIONS PACIFIC AREA RELAY TRANSMlnER

Beam Direction Antenna No. Description

JAPAN, CHINA, AND THAILAND 1 9 and 11 mc. dual frequency curtain

JAPAN, CHINA, AND THAILAND 2 15 and 17 mc. dual frequency curtain All to be supported on three towers. PHILIPPINES, NETHERLANDS EAST INDIES, ClO.,. FRENCH INDO-CHINA, AND BURMA 3 9 and 11 mc. dual frequency curtain

PHILIPPINES, NETHERLANDS EAST INDIES, FRENCH INDO-CHINA, AND BURMA 4 15 and 17 mc. dual frequency curtain

;',;: i~j i~

~ Note: The exact location of this relay station will inRuence the choice of design frequencies for the antennae and the above is merely suggested as a typical installation. Note: The above tentatively summarizes antenna requirements without specifying operating frequencies pending their allocation to the United Nations. ... cGi i~' ,. J'l' 1''' m t! ~. -o ~ f,' TENTATIVELIST OF ANTENNAE

.- UNITED NATIONS GENERALHEADQUARTERSRECEIVING STATION

Beam Direction Number of Pairs ofRhombicAntennas Frequency Ran~e UN EUROPE 2 5 to 11 and 11 to 20 mc. UN SOUTH AMERICA 2 S!: 5 to 11 and II to 20 mc. NORTH AFRICA 1 5 to 20 mc.

SoUTH AND CENTRAL AFRICA 1 5 to 20 mc. MEXICO 1 5 to 20 mc.

PAciFIC AREA 1 5 to 20 mc.

One non-directional dipole for local pick-up

"It is ,.c -III tit

•~. 1 TENTATIVELIST OF-ANTENNAE lj~ II UNITED NATIONS MAIN EUROPEANFIELDOFFICERECEIVING STATION l~l J"i

~ i] ,I,' Beam Direction Number of Pairs of Rhombic Antennas Frequency Range

UN NEW YORK 2 5 to 11 and 11 to 20 mc.

UN SOUTH AMERICA 1 1)to20mc. ~ USSR 1 1) to 20 mc.

INDIA AND NETHERLANDS EAST INDlES 1 1) to 20 mc.

AFRICA 1 1) to 20 mc.

SCANDINAVIA, ENGLAND, AND NORTH EUROPE 1 1) to 20 mc.

One non-directional dipole for local pick-up ii... ,.c m -N

~

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TIZLETYPE CIRCUIT OPERATION GENERAL HEADQUARTERS TO TWO FIELD OFFICES

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