Work Programme Under State Annual Plan for Relief & DM Departement, Govt. of Manipur for the Year 2013-14

Manipur State Disaster Management Plan Volume 1

Contents

Abbreviation 4 Chapter 1 6 Introduction 6 1.1 Vision ...... 6 1.2 Policy ...... 6 1.3 Theme ...... 6 1.4 Objectives of the plan ...... 6 1.5 Trigger Mechanism ...... 7 1.6 Level of Disasters ...... 7 1.7 Plan Activation...... 7 1.8 Stakeholders of the State DM Plan ...... 8 1.9 Roles & Responsibility ...... 8 1.10 DM Structure in the State ...... 12 1.11 Financial Arrangement ...... 13 Finance and Budgeting ...... 13 Chapter 2 15 Hazard, Risk and Vulnerability profile of Manipur ...... 15 2.1 State Profile ...... 15 Radio ...... 18 Telecommunications ...... 18 Television ...... 19 Cable TV Network ...... 19 2.2. History of Vulnerability ...... 20 2.3 Hazard Risk assessment and vulnerability mapping ...... 24 2.4 Vulnerability Assessment: ...... 37 2.5 Assets And Access To Resources For Reducing Vulnerability: ...... 38 2.6 Risk Identification: ...... 39 2.6.2 Environment Protection ...... 40 Chapter 3 41 Preventive Measures ...... 41 3.1 Strategy ...... 41 3.2 Prevention and Mitigation measures ...... 41 3.3 Training Needs Analysis ...... 50 Chapter 4 53 Mainstreaming DM Concerns into Developmental Plans/Projects ...... 53 4.1 Residual Agenda ...... 57 Chapter 5 58 Preparedness Measures ...... 58 5.1 Resource Availability...... 58 5.2 Community based Disaster Management ...... 58 1

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5.3 Training, capacity building and other proactive measures ...... 59 5.4 Medical Preparedness ...... 64 5.5 Knowledge Management ...... 65 5.6 Communications ...... 65 Chapter 6 67 Disaster Response ...... 67 6.1 Institutional Arrangements ...... 67 6.2 Alert Mechanism – Early Warning ...... 69 In case of cyclones, 72 hours advance warning of various levels of certainty are provided by the IMD. This system is well established and the Manipur State EOC and SDRFshall gear up emergency operations soon after the first warning is received. The typical sequence of cyclone early warning is as follows: ...... 71 6.3 Search & Rescue ...... 72 6.4 Coordination with Armed Forces, Airport Authority of India (AAI) and Indian Railways ...... 73 6.5 Subsistence, shelter, health and sanitation ...... 73 6.6 Infrastructure and essential services ...... 73 6.7 Security ...... 73 6.8 Communication ...... 74 6.9 Preliminary damage assessment ...... 74 6.10 Funds generation ...... 74 6.11 Finalizing relief assistance ...... 74 6.12 Post-relief assessment ...... 74 6.13 VIP involvement and protocol ...... 75 6.14 Media Management ...... 75 Chapter 7 76 Partnership with Other Stakeholders ...... 76 7.1 NDMA ...... 76 7.2 National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM) ...... 76 7.3 National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) ...... 77 7.4 Armed Forces ...... 77 7.5 Airport Authority of India (AAI) ...... 78 7.6 Indian Railways ...... 78 7.7 India Meterological Department (IMD) ...... 78 7.8 Disaster Management Institute (DMI) ...... 78 7.9 State Disaster Response Force (SDRF) ...... 79 7.10 State Fire & Emergency Services ...... 79 7.11 Media ...... 79 Chapter 8 81 Rehabilitation & Reconstruction ...... 81 8.1 Detailed damage assessment ...... 81 8.2 Assistance to restore houses and dwelling units ...... 81 8.3 Relocation (need based) ...... 81 8.4 Finalizing reconstruction & rehabilitation plan ...... 82 2

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8.5 Funds generation ...... 82 8.6 Funds disbursement and audit ...... 82 8.7 Project management ...... 82 8.8 Information, Education and Communication ...... 83 8.9 Dispute resolution mechanisms ...... 83 8.10 Implementing initiatives for recovery of reconstruction costs ...... 83 Chapter 9 84 Plan Maintenance ...... 84 9.1 Introduction ...... 84 9.2 Plan Testing ...... 84 9.3 Debrief and Evaluation-Mock Drills ...... 85 9.4 Review / Updation of Plan ...... 85 Annexure 1 87 Vulnerability to Natural Hazards: Districtwise ...... 87 Annexure 2 88 List of codes/guidelines for safety of building/structures from natural hazards ...... 88 Annexure 3 91 List of Indian Road Congress (IRC) Codes/Manuals ...... 91 Annexure 4 92 Check List for Natural Disaster Impact Assessment ...... 92 Annexure 5 95 General Terminology Used in Weather Bulletins ...... 95 Annexure 6 96 Do’s and Don’ts for various Hazards ...... 96 Annexure 7101 List of NGOs involved in Disaster Management in Manipur ...... 101 Annexure 8102 Annexure 11114 Format for Damage & Loss Assessment ...... 114 Annexure 12116 Work Programme under State Annual Plan for Relief & DM Departement, Govt. of Manipur for the Year 2013-14...... 116

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Abbreviation

AAI Airport Authority of India BIS Bureau of Indian Standard BOOT Build Own Operate and Transfer BPL Below Poverty Line CBOs Community Based Organizations CBRN Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear CDMA Code Division Multiple Access CEO Chief Executive Officer CMG Crisis Management Group CWC Central Water Commission DEOCs District Emergency Operation Centres DG Director General DGHS Directorate General of the Health Services DGP Director General of Police DIG Deputy Inspector General DM Disaster Management DMI Disaster Management Institute DPR Detailed Project Report DRM Disaster Risk Management DRMP Disaster Risk Management Programme EFC Expenditure Finance Committee EMS Emergency Medical Services EOC Emeregecny Operation Centre F&ES Fire And Emergency Services GAD General Administration Department GIS Geographic Information System GoI Government of India GSI Geological Survey of India GSM Global System for Mobile Communications HAZCHEM Hazardous Chemicals HF/VHF High Frequency/VeryHigh Frequency HoD Head of Department HRVA Hazard, Risk and Vulnerability Assessment IDRN India Disaster Resource Network IEC Information Education Communication IMD Indian Meteorology Department INCOIS Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services INSAT Indian National Satellite System IRC Indian Road Congress ISRO Indian Space Research Organisation ITC Information and Communication Technology ITCS Information Communications Technology System

Manipur State Disaster Management Plan Volume 1

MAH Major Accident Hazard MFRs Medical First Responders MHA Ministry of Home Affairs MoA Ministry of Agriculture MoC & F Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers MoC & I Ministry of Commerce and Industry MoD Ministry of Defence MoEF Ministry of Environment & Forests MoF Ministry of Finance MoLE Ministry of Labour and Employment MoP & NG Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas MoSRT & H Ministry of Shipping, Road Transport and Highways MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet NCC National Cadet Corps NCMC National Crisis Management Committee NDRF National Disaster Response Force NEC National Executive Committee/ North East Council NEIC National Earthquake Information Centre NGO Non Government Organization NIDM National institute of Disaster Management PESO Petroleum and Explosive Safety Organization PGA Peak Ground Acceleration PMO Prime Minister’s Office PMS Probable Maximum Surge PPP Public private Partnership PS Principal Secretary PWD Public Works Department QCI Quality Council of India QRT Quick Reaction Team R & R Rehabilitation & Reconstruction SAR Search and Rescue SDMA State disaster Management Authority SDMP State Disaster Management Plan SDRF State Disaster Response Force SEC Site Executive Committee SEOC State Emergency Operation Centre SMS Short Messaging Service SOG Standard Operations Guide SOP Standard Operation Procedure SWAN State Wide Area Network SWP Single Wire Protocol UNDP United Nations Development Programme UTs Union Territories WAN Wide Area Network

Manipur State Disaster Management Plan Volume 1

Chapter 1

Introduction

This plan will be known as “Manipur State Disaster Management Plan” and will be applicable in State of Manipur.

1.1 Vision Making Manipur where communities react to disasters with sense of urgency but in a planned way to minimize human, property and environmental loss.

1.2 Policy Saving of human lives will be at the highest priority however, plan will also address minimum loss of property and environment.

1.3 Theme It comprises risk and vulnerability assessment of disasters in the State. It provides planning for prevention and mitigation, mainstreaming disaster in development plans/ programmes/ projects, Capacity building and preparedness measures, the role and responsibilities of each government departments and other stakeholders, risk transfer mechanism and effective programme management for future disasters. It also provides for reviewing and updating plan annually.

1.4 Objectives of the plan  To protect and minimize the loss of lives and property/infrastructure from disasters.  To minimize the suffering of people due to disasters.  To minimize the disaster risk and vulnerability of people and infrastructure in the State.  Promote a culture of prevention and mitigation through curriculum revision, Information Education Communication (IEC) awareness campaign, DM plans at all level, mock drills, communicating hazards, risk and vulnerability at community level and streamlined and institutional techno-legal framework.  To build the capacity of all stakeholders in the State to cope with the disasters and promote community based disaster management.  Mainstreaming disaster management concerns into the developmental planning process.  Develop efficient disaster response/relief mechanism in the State. With a caring approach towards the needs of the vulnerable sections of the society.  To provide clarity on roles and responsibilities for all stakeholders concerned with disaster management.  To ensure co-ordination and promoting productive partnership with all other agencies related to disaster management.

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 Commence recovery programme as an opportunity to build better in case of a future disaster by inSecretary-in-charge of Relief & DMporating community in the programme  Ensuring that community is the most important stakeholder in the Disaster Management process.  Encouraging mitigation measures based on state-of-the-art technology and environmental sustainability.  Developing contemporary forecasting and early warning systems backed by responsive and fail-safe communications and Information Technology (IT) support.  Promoting a productive partnership with the media to create awareness and contributing towards capacity development.  Undertaking reconstruction as an opportunity to build disaster resilient structures and habitat.

1.5 Trigger Mechanism The plan would be put into action whenever a disaster/disaster situation threatens the State. 1.6 Level of Disasters L concept has been developed to define different levels of disasters in order to facilitate the responses and assistances to States and Districts.

L0 level denotes normal times which will be utilized for close monitoring, documentation, prevention and preparatory activities. Training on search and rescue, rehearsals, evaluation and inventory updation for response activities will be carried out during this time.

L1 level specifies disaster that can be managed at the District level, however, the State and Centre will remain in readiness to provide assistance if needed.

L2 level disaster situations are those, which require assistance and active participation of the State, mobilization of its resources for management of disasters.

L3 level disaster situation is in case of large scale disaster where the State and District authorities have been overwhelmed and require assistance from the Central Government for reinstating the State and District machinery as well as for rescue, relief, other response and recovery measures. In most cases, the scale and intensity of the disaster as determined by the concerned technical agency like IMD are sufficient for the declaration of L3 disaster. 1.7 Plan Activation The disaster response structure will be activated on the receipt of disaster warning/on the occurrence of the disaster. The occurrence of disaster may be reported by the concern monitoring authority to the Principal Secretary/Relief & DM by the fastest means. The Secretary-in-charge of Relief & DM will activate all departments for emergency response including the State EOC and District EOCs. Also, they will issue instructions to include the following details:

Manipur State Disaster Management Plan Volume 1

 Exact quantum of resources (in terms of manpower, equipments and essential items from key departments/stakeholders) that is required.  The type of assistance to be provided  The time limit within which assistance is needed  Details of other Task/Response Forces through which coordination should take place

The State EOC, ERCs and other control rooms at the State level as well as district control rooms should be activated with full strength. The State Government may publish a notification in the official gazette declaring such areas to be disaster-affected area as are affected by the Disaster.Once the situation is totally controlled and normalcy is restored, the Secretary-in-charge of Relief & DM declares End of Emergency Response and issues instructions to withdraw the staff deployed in emergency duties. 1.8 Stakeholders of the State DM Plan The State Disaster Management Authority and the Office of the Secretary-in-charge of Relief & DM, are the major institutions in the State that deal with all the phases of disaster management. All the major line departments of the State Government, the Deputy Commissioners, other technical institutions, community at large, local self governments, NGOs/CBOs etc. are the stakeholders of the State Disaster Management Plan. The role of the stakeholders have been prepared with the avowed objective of making the concerned organizations understand their duties and responsibilities regarding disaster management at all levels, and accomplishing them.

1.9 Roles & Responsibility

1.9.1 The State Government  Ensure that all the principal authorities1and role players shall take necessary steps to mitigate and manage disasters.  Make sure that the State administration and local authorities shall take into consideration the guidelines laid down by the Authority while planning its activities.  Facilitating procurement related to disaster management of materials, equipment and services in connection with the disaster management and ensuring their quality.  Issue a direction for the purpose of avoiding an imminent damage arising out of a disaster or mitigation of its effects.  Suspend operation of any executive order if such executive order prevents, hinders or delays any necessary action in coping with disaster.

1Following shall be the authorities; 1. The State Government, 2. The Manipur State Disaster Management Authority, 3. Heads of Government Departments, 4. Relief Commisssioner 5. Deputy Commissioner of a district, 6. Local authorities. 8

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1.9.2 Departments of the State Government  Provide assistance to the SDMA, State Relief Commissioner, Deputy Commissioners and local authorities in disaster management activities.  Carry out relief, reconstruction and rehabilitation activities under the supervision of the Relief Commissioner and the Deputy Commissioner.  Co-ordinate preparation and the implementation of plan with other departments, local authorities, communities and stakeholders

1.9.3 The Manipur State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA)  Promoting an integrated and coordinated system of disaster management including prevention or mitigation of disaster by the State, local authorities, stakeholders and communities.  Collect/cause to be collected data on all aspects of disasters and disaster management and analyze it and further cause and conduct research and study relating to the potential effects of events that may result in disasters.  Act as a repository of information concerning disasters and disaster management.  Lay down the policies and plans for disaster management in the State.  Promote or cause to be promoted awareness and preparedness and advice and train the community, and stakeholders with a view to increasing capacity of the community and stakeholders to deal with potential disasters.  On the expiry of a disaster declaration, the Authority shall, where necessary, act as an agency for facilitating and coordinating rehabilitation and reconstruction activities by departments of the Government.

1.9.4 The Chief Executive Officer – SDMA  CEO of SDMA shall perform a nodal role across different phases of disaster management like; o Coordinate and monitor activities relating to prevention and mitigation of disasters, including capacity-building. o Coordinate and monitor rehabilitation and reconstruction activities. o Monitor the progress of the preparation and updating of disaster management plans and coordinate the implementation of such plans. o Prepare and submit periodically a report to the Authority on the activities undertaken by the Authority. o Delegate his powers and functions to subordinate officers and employees of the Government.

1.9.5 The State Relief Commissioner (Secretary-in-charge of Relief & DM)  On the recommendation of Secretary-in-charge of Relief & DM, State Government may declare disaster.  Secretary-in-charge of Relief & DM has a primary responsibility of co-ordinating an effective emergency response and relief on the occurrence of a disaster.  Prepare, review and update State level Disaster Management Planand ensure that the district level plans are prepared, revised and updated.

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 Develop an appropriate relief implementation strategy for the State in consultation with the Authority, taking into account the unique circumstances of each district and deficiency in institutional capacity and resources of the State.  Provide directions to the Deputy Commissioners and the local authorities having jurisdiction over the affected area to provide emergency relief in accordance with disaster management plans to minimize the effects of a disaster.

1.9.6 The Deputy Commissioner  Facilitate and, coordinate with, local Government bodies to ensure that pre and post - disaster management activities in the district are carried out.  Assist community training, awareness programmes and the installation of emergency facilities with the support of local administration, non-governmental organizations, and the private sector.  Take appropriate actions to smoothen the response and relief activities to minimize the effect of disaster.  Recommend Secretary-in-charge of Relief & DM and State Government for declaration of disaster.

1.9.7 Local Authority  Provide assistance to SDMA, Secretary-In-Charge of Relief & DM and Deputy Commissioner in disaster management activities.  Ensure training of its officers and employees and maintenance of resources so as to be readily available for use in the event of a disaster.  Ensure that all construction projects under it conform to the standards and specifications laid down.  Each department of the Government in a district shall prepare a disaster management plan for the district. Carry out relief, rehabilitation and reconstruction activities in the affected area within its jurisdiction.

1.9.8 Private Sector  The private sector should ensure their active participation in the pre-disaster activities in alignment with the overall plan approved by the SDMA or the DDMA.  They should also adhere to the relevant building codes and other specifications, as may be stipulated by relevant local authorities.

1.9.9 Community Groups and Voluntary Agencies  Local community groups and voluntary agencies including NGOs should actively assist in prevention and mitigation activities under the overall direction and supervision of the SDMA or the DDMA.  They should actively participate in all training activities as may be organised and should familiarise themselves with their role in disaster management.

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1.9.10 Citizens It is a duty of every citizen to assist the State Government, the Deputy Commissioner or such other person entrusted with or engaged in disaster management whenever his aid is demanded generally for the purpose of disaster management.

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1.10 DM Structure in the State

Chief Minister Government of India  Ministry of Home Affairs  IMD  NDMA   Central Water Commission Ministry of Defence  INCOIS  Ministry of IT & SDMA Communications  Ministry of Agriculture  Ministry of Environment & Forests  Ministry of Health & Family Welfare SEC  Ministry of Railways (Chief Secretary)  Ministry of Earth Science

 Ministry of Water Resources  Ministry of Atomic Energy  Ministry of Civil Aviation  All India Radio  Doordarshan

Govt. of Manipur Relief & DM Deptt. Line Departments

Secretary-in-charge NGOs of Relief & DM International Agencies Public & Private Sector Undertakings

State EOC

Deputy Commissioner/DDMA

District EOC District Heads of Line Departments

SDO/BDO

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The DM structure in the State is as per the Disaster Management Act – 2005. It has the SDMA, the SEC, and the Relief &Disaster Management Authority at the State level and the DDMA at the District Level. 1.11 Financial Arrangement To ensure the long-term sustenance and permanency of the organisation funds would be generated and deployed on an ongoing basis. There are different ways to raise the fund in the State as described below;

1.11.1 State Budget The State Government has been regularly making provision in the State Plan for Relief & Dm Department for capacity building measures for disaster management. In 2013-14 the State Plan allocation is Rs. 40.00 Lakh.

1.11.2 State Disaster Response Fund To carry out Emergency Response & Relief activities after any disaster the State Disaster Response Fund is made available to Secretary-in-charge of Relief & DM under which the Central Government will share 90% and the Govt. of Manipur has to share 10% as per the recommendation of 13th Finance Commission. The available SDRF for Manipur for year 2010 – 2015 is Rs. 39.90 crore out of which Central share will beRs. 35.90 crore and State share will be Rs. 4.00 crore.

1.11.3 Capacity Building Grant for Disaster Response under XIII FC XIII FC has awarded Capacity Building Grant for Disaster Response @ Rs. 1.00 Crore per annum for the period 2010-15.

1.11.4 Grant in aid Further State may receive a grant in aid from Central Govt., International Institutions and/or other departments/agencies to carry out specific projects/schemes related to disaster management/ mitigation/ capacity building.

Finance and Budgeting

Budget planning is a comprehensive exercise for annual financial planning. For DM, there can be two categories of budget heads-a) Line Department’s own fund through various schemes and programmes and b) additional budget required particularly for DM activities. Following are the sources available (or to be tapped) for different components of disaster management Table 1: Financing & Budgeting for Disaster Management Activities that Finance Name Purpose can be take under Nodal Agency Arrangements scheme NDRF (NCCF) Relief 100% Central Cash and kind Relief & DM Assistance Govt relief Department SDRF (CRF) Relief 90% Centre, 10% Cash and kind Relief & DM 13

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Assistance State relief Department 13 Finance Capacity 100% Centre Trainings Relief & DM Commission Grant Building Awareness Department Year 2010-15 Generation IEC material Mockdrills Line department Preparedn Line department Activities falling Line funds ess and budgetary in purview of Departments mitigation allocation departments for DRR, preparedness and mitigation District Planning Any MP and MLA aid Preparedness, Local Bodies, Fund public and grants Mitigation Line works capacity building, departments recovery External Institutional Projects Total external or Infrastructure Relief & DM Funding on DRR, bilateral or upgradation Department Recovery, multilateral Technological Mitigation arrangements interventions and and technical studies Preparedn DRR projects ess

Donor Any Total donation in Any Relief & DM cash and kind Department Appeal Immediate Fully or partially Immediate relief, Relief & DM relief external funds reconstruction Department

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Chapter 2

Hazard, Risk and Vulnerability profile of Manipur

2.1 State Profile Date of Formation of Manipur State 21st January’ 1972

2.1.1 Geography

State is located in the eastern most part of India

Table 2: Geography of Manipur Area 22,327 km2 (8,628 sq mi) Latitude 23.830N to 25.680N Longitude 93.030E to 94.780E Geography Manipur is one of the eight states of Northeast India, and one of the Seven Sister States. The state capital of Manipur is Imphal. The capital lies in an oval-shaped valley of approximately 700 square miles (2,000 km2) surrounded by blue mountains and is at an elevation of 790 meters above the sea level. The slope of the valley is from north to south. The presence of the mountain ranges not only prevents the cold winds from the north from reaching the valley but also acts as a barrier to the cyclonic storms originating from the Bay of Bengal. Connected States/UTs The state is bounded by Nagaland in the north, by Mizoram in the south, by Assam in the west, and by the borders of the country Myanmar (Burma) in the east as well as in the south. Major Rivers 1. Barak river basin: Irang, Maku, and Tuivai. 2. Manipur river basin: Manipur, Imphal, Iril, Chakpi, Khuga, Nambul, Sekmai and Thoubal 3. Yu river basin and the 4. Lanye River basin. Forests 17,418 sq. km., (78.01% of the total geographical area of the State)

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Figure 1: Map of Manipuri

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2.1.2 Demography Table 3: Demography of Manipur Population 27,21,756 ( 2011 Census) Male population 13,69,764 Female population 13,51,992 Sex Ratio 987 females per 1,000 males (2011) Population Density 122 km² Rural Population 18.99 Lakh (73.82%) Urban Population 8.23 Lakh (26.18%) Decadal Growth Rate 18.65% (2001-2011) Birth Rate 14.4 (SRS-2011) Death Rate 4.1 (SRS-2011) Infant Mortality Rate(IMR) 11 (SRS-2011) Literacy Rate 79.85% (2011) Male Literacy Rate 86.49 % Female Literacy Rate 73.17 %

2.1.3 Socio – Economic

Gross State Domestic Product Rs. 9,115 crore. (Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_by_GDP )

Annual Per Capita Income Rs. 36290

(Source: Govt. of Manipur: Memorandum to the 14th Finance commission 2013)

Table 4: Languages in Manipur Official/Primary Language Manipuri/English Other languages spoken There are 29 different dialects spoken in Manipur. Eight main hill dialects are: Thadou-Kuki, Vaiphei, Tangkhul, Paite, Hmar, Zou, Mao, Maring, Rongmei and Kom.

Agriculture: Food grains production 3,71,340 MT (2009-10) (Source: Govt. of Manipur: Memorandum to the 14th Finance commission 2013)

Paddy is by far the most important crop of Manipur followed by maize and different types of millets, pulses and beans, mustard and sesamum, sugarcane, cotton, mesta, yams and sweet potatoes, chillies, ginger, turmeric, pineapple and many other kinds, of fruits and vegetables.

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(Source: http://planningmanipur.gov.in/pdf/MSDR/Chapter%208_Agri.pdf)

Animal Husbandry: Livestock population: 32.76 lakhs (Source: http://vetymanipur.nic.in/reports.html) Milk production: 79,000 MT (2010-11) Fish production: 22,200 MT (2010-11) (Source: http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/stateplan/Presentations12_13/manipur12_13.pdf)

Water resources: Irrigation potential 38,891 Ha.

Utilization 21,610 Ha

(Source: http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/stateplan/Presentations12_13/manipur12_13.pdf)

Electricity: Installed capacity: 45 MW (2011-12) Power Generated: 2 MW (2011-12) (Source: Govt. of Manipur: Memorandum to the 14th Finance commission 2013)

Roads: Total road length – 7,170 Kms. (Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur#Transportation)

Motor Vehicles: 124129 (all together) (Source: http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/site/India_Statistics.aspx)

Post and Telecommunication: o Post Office/Branches: 50 (Source: http://www.cic.nic.in/cicwebpages/Manipur/jiribam/post_office_in_manipur.htm

Radio 1. All India Radio, Imphal, Kangla channel(On AM). 2. All India Radio, Imphal, Sangai channel (On FM). 3. All India Radio, Akashvani Churachandpur(On FM)

Telecommunications

Airtel, Aircel, BSNL, Reliance Mobile, Vodafone, Idea, TATA Indicom, TATA Do Co Mo, etc. 18

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Television Doordarshan, DD Imphal. Cable TV Network

 Airtel digital TV, Dish TV, Reliance Digital TV, TATA Sky.  ISTV Imphal.  ManipurTV.  Image TV kakching

(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur#Telecommunications)

Banking: o Total number of bank branches : 133 o Aggregate deposit 5274.05 crore- (31/03/2013) (Source: http://slbcne.nic.in/repo/manipur_march2013/AgendaPdf.pdf)

Education (2002): o Primary Schools 2,574 o Middle Schools 796 o High/ Higher Secondary Schools 659 (Source: http://planningmanipur.gov.in/pdf/MSDR/Chapter%2014_Edu.pdf) o Colleges 77 (Source: http://en.manipuruniv.ac.in/)

Health: o Community health centres 17 o Primary health centres 85 o Sub centres 421

2.1.4 Culture and Spirit

 Manipur is a melting pot of varied cultures, traditions and religions.  It has retained its traditional culture in various ways. The love towards its tradition finds expression through the various occasions in the Manipuri calendar. Manipuri people celebrate all regional and national fairs and festivals with equal fervour.  Manipur’s vibrant culture is also evident in the various dance forms, music, art and crafts and cuisine.

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2.2. History of Vulnerability

Table 5: Some of the Major natural disasters recorded in Manipur since 1926 Date Disaster Remarks 30th Flood The flood affected major areas lying on the eastern side of the September-8th Imphal River in the Imphal East district i.e. Wangkhei, Khurai, October 1916 Kongba, Porompat, Bamon Leikai, Soibam Leikai etc. Intensity of the flood was severe. 18 August Earthquake East of Palel, Manipur (Indo-Myanmar Border region), 1926 6.0 (TS) 23:58:48 UTC, 24.50N, 94.50E 15 March Earthquake East of Thaungd, Sagaing Division (Indo-Myanmar Border 1927 6.5 (TS) region), 16:50:32 UTC, 24.50N, 95.00E 20 May 1927 Earthquake Near Kangpat, Manipur (Indo-Myanmar Border region) , 10:51 6.0 (TS) UTC, 24.50N, 94.50E June 1929 Flood Flood in the Valley lasted for three days. The flood was of low magnitude. 11 July 1930 Earthquake North of Imphal, Manipur, 07:06:34 UTC, 25.00N, 93.80E 6.0 (TS) 22 September Earthquake Near Karong, Manipur, 14:19:14 UTC, 25.30N, 93.80E 1930 6.0 (TS) 2 June 1934 Earthquake East of Ukhrul, Manipur (Indo-Myanmar Border region), 6.5 (TS) 05:04:27 UTC, 25.10N, 94.70 23 April 1935 Earthquake East of Ukhrul, Manipur (Indo-Myanmar Border region), 6.0 (TS) 16:45:41 UTC, 25.10N, 94.70 9 September Earthquake East of Ukhrul, Manipur (Indo-Myanmar Border region), 1937 6.0 (TS) 23:37:27 UTC, 24.90N, 94.70E 6 May 1938 Earthquake East of Ukhrul, Manipur (Indo-Myanmar Border region), 6.5 (TS) 03:40:57 UTC, 24.90N, 94.70E 21 March Earthquake SW of Kohima (Manipur-Nagaland Border region), 16:12:02 1937 6.0 (TS) UTC, 25.50N, 94.00E 27 May 1939 Earthquake South of Palel, Manipur, 03:45:37 UTC, 24.30N, 94.10E 6.7 (TS) 11 May 1940 Earthquake Near Imphal, Manipur, 21:00:19 UTC, 24.90N, 94.10E 6.0 (TS) June 1941 Flood Some of the areas lying on the western side of the Imphal river affected particularly Yaiskul area, due to breach of Imphal River embankment at Moirangkhom. The flood was of moderate magnitude. 8 March 1947 Earthquake East of Imphal (Indo-Myanmar Border region), 14:33:05 UTC, 6.0 (TS) 24.90N, 94.70E 30 April 1952 Earthquake SE of Kohima (Manipur-Nagaland Border region), 01:49:?? 6.0 (TS) UTC, 25.500N, 94.500E

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Table 5: Some of the Major natural disasters recorded in Manipur since 1926 Date Disaster Remarks September Flood Intensity of the flood was moderate. 1952 7 November Earthquake SW of Kohima (Manipur-Nagaland Border region), 04:33:57 1952 6.0 (TS) UTC, 25.500N, 94.000E

October 1953 Flood Flood of moderate magnitude occurred in the Valley.

1 July 1957 Earthquake Near Moirang, Southern Manipur, 19:30:22 UTC, 24.400N, 7.25 (TS) 93.800E 1965 Flood Flood of moderate magnitude occurred in the Valley.

June-July Flood Flood occurred in the Valley. In some of the areas such as 1966 and Hiyanglam, Sugnu, Arong, Nongmaikhong, Wangoo, Tanjeng October 1966 were inundated from June to October. Breach of embankment took placed at 60 places. The intensity of the flood was severe. 30 September Earthquake East of Ukhrul, Manipur (Indo-Myanmar Border region), 1983 Mb 6.0 10:39:27.0 UTC, 25.0393N, 94.6695E, 60.3kms depth (BKK) 5 March 1984 Earthquake East of Palel, Manipur (Indo-Myanmar Border region), Mb 6.2 21:26:42.0 UTC, 24.5160N, 94.6204E, 67.50kms depth (HFS)

6 May 1984 Earthquake NE of Aizwal (Manipur-Mizoram Border region), 15:19:11.0 Mb 6.0 UTC, 24.2152N, 93.5256E, 31.60kms depth (HFS) 18 May 1987 Earthquake Near Karong, Northern Manipur, 01:53:51.0 UTC, 25.2287N, Ms 6.2 94.2076E, 52.80kms depth (PEK) 6 August 1988 Earthquake East of Imphal (Indo-Myanmar Border region), 00:36:24.6 Mw 7.2 UTC, 25.149N, 95.127E, 91 kms depth. Three people were (HRV) killed in this earthquake. Tremors were felt over much of eastern and north-eastern India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Eastern Nepal and Myanmar. Felt as far as Kolkata and Patna. Some damage was also reported from Homalin in northern Myanmar. July-August Flood Flood occurred in Manipur Valley at its devastating worst. 1989 Altogether 361 localities were inundated. Breached of embankment took place at 40 places. 7 lakhs of people were affected and 97,500 hectares of paddy fields were damaged. Altogether 49,069 houses were damaged and 41,000 domestic animals were affected due to this flood. The magnitude of the flood was severe.

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Table 5: Some of the Major natural disasters recorded in Manipur since 1926 Date Disaster Remarks 15 April 1992 Earthquake NW of Mawalik, Chin Division (Indo-Myanmar Border Mb 6.3 region), 01:32:11.0 UTC, 24.2680N, 94.9275E, 130.90kms (HFS) depth 14th October Flood Due to the incessant rainfall in the upper catchment area of the 1992 major rivers of Manipur Valley, water level of all the rivers rose rapidly from. The daily precipitation in the form of rainfall on 14th, 15th and 16th October 1992 was very high and heavy discharge occurred in the rivers and caused breached, overtopping and piping at some of the places. Serious breaches took place at 4 different places. The flood was of moderate magnitude. September Flood Flood occurred in Manipur Valley. All the rivers flowing 1997 through Manipur Valley were rising rapidly from 25th September 1997. Breaches of embankments took place at four different places of Nambul River, two places of Wangjing River, one place of Merakhong River, two places of Imphal River, two places of Thongjaorok River, one place of Khujairok River and one place of Khabi River. Due to the flood, damage caused to houses rose up to 4965 numbers. The flood was of high magnitude. July, August Flood Flood occurred in the Valley in July 1998 affecting some areas 1998 of Iroisemba.In August, breach of river embankment took place at one place of Wangjing River, as a result inundating the areas of Lamding Nashikhong, Lamding Laishram Leikai and some adjoining areas. Magnitude of the flood was low. September Flood There was incessant rainfall from 24th August to 3rd 1999 September 1999. The flood mainly affected the southern parts of the Valley. Not less than 7,300 houses and 15,300 hectares of paddy fields are affected. The flood was of moderate magnitude. September Flood Flood occurred in Manipur Valley. Breaches of river 2000 embankment take place at 30 different places. Not less than 2,400 houses and 7,800 hectares of paddy field were affected. Breaches of river embankment take place at 11 places of Thoubal River, 6 places of Wangjing River, 2 places of Arong River, 2 places of Sekmai River and 3 places of Manipur River. The flood was of moderate magnitude. June- Flood Flood of low magnitude occurred in some parts of Manipur July2001 Valley. On 7th June breach of embankment of Nambol River took place at Nambol, Kongkham: inundating Kongkham, Sabal Leikai, Maibam and Naorem. On 1st July Nambul River

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Table 5: Some of the Major natural disasters recorded in Manipur since 1926 Date Disaster Remarks overflowed, inundating Uripok and Khwairamban Bazar. On 3rd July, Chandranadi River, a tributary of Nambul River overflows on the southern side, inundating cultivated lands of Chajing, Haoreibi and Karam. August 2002 Flood Severe flood was occurred in Manipur valley. Breach of embankment took place at 59 places. Due to incessant rain in the catchments, all the rivers flowing in and around Imphal, Thoubal and Bishnupur districts were rising from August 11, 2002. On August 13, 2002, the water levels in all major rivers/streams in Manipur valley were rising alarmingly crossing the R.F.L on the same day. The water levels of the major rivers were so high on the above day that even the deckings of the bridges on the rivers were badly submerged under water. The flood mainly occurred in the south eastern parts of Manipur valley. About 10,000 houses and 20,000 hectares of paddy fields were affected. 18 September Earthquake A moderate earthquake at Myanmar - Manipur border, 24.653 2005 Mb=5.7 N, 94.807 E, D=82 kms, OT=07:26:00 at 12:56 IST causing isolated minor damage to property in some parts of Manipur. The earthquake was felt at many places in north-east India and Bangladesh as well as in tall buildings in northern Thailand. 4 September Earthquake Myanmar-Manipur border, Mw 5.924.381 N, 94.712 E, D=97.6 2009 kms, OT=19:51:03 UTC. A moderate earthquake struck the Myanmar-Manipur border, at 01:21IST. It was felt widely in north-east India and in Bangladesh.

(Source:Reported by Earth Sciences Department, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal)

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2.3 Hazard Risk assessment and vulnerability mapping

Owing to its geo-climatic, geological and physical features, Manipur is vulnerable to all- major natural hazards (Drought, Flood, Cyclone, Earthquake, Landslides, fires etc.). In addition, occurrence of biological disasters and other technological/human caused hazards such as transportation accidents, terror attacks etc. are most likely in the State.

The vulnerability of the State to major hazards is described below in brief:

2.3.1 Earthquake:  Manipur is situated in seismic zone V, which is the most earthquake prone zone in the country (Seismic Zones -India 2001). It keeps on experiencing minor tremors off and on. The seismologists, on the basis of past pattern have predicted that a major earthquake is almost overdue in the north east region of India (Tiwari 2002).

 Earthquakes of low to moderate intensity are recorded here regularly. The state of Manipur, has weathered dozens of large earthquakes the biggest in recent times being the 1988 M7.2 earthquake. Most earthquakes in western Manipur are shallow. But some, especially those recorded in the eastern parts and along and across the Myanmar border have greater depths. Areas in central Manipur are especially vulnerable to damage during earthquakes as they lie in the Imphal Valley, the lowest point of which lies the Loktak Lake. Much of the valley floor provides for strong shaking from even far off quakes as its soft soil amplifies the wave motions.

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Fig. 2: Seismotectonics map of Manipur

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 According to GSHAP data, the state of Manipur falls in a region of high to very high seismic hazard. As per the 2002 Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) map, this state also falls in Zone V. Historically, parts of this state have experienced seismic activity greater than M6.0-7.0.Approximate locations of selected towns and basic political state boundaries are displayed.

Fig. 3: PGA Contours with 10% probability of exceedence in 50 years (Return Period ~500 years)

 In Manipur, while all the districts are vulnerable to earthquake, the damage is most likely to occur in Imphal town, which has multi-storey buildings built without any consideration for incorporation of Earthquake Resistant construction.

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Fig. 4: Estimated Spectral Ground Acceleration (m/sec2)

Fig. 5: Seismograph at Manipur University showing Seismic Tremors in Manipur

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2.3.2 Landslides:  As it is a hilly state, land-slides and mudslides are quite common. In 2004, severe landslides affected Senapati District. Even at present, mudslides due to construction of Jiribam-Tupul Railway line have affected many families in Tamenglong District.Landslides are one of the natural hazards that affect at least 15% of land area of our country exceeding 0.49 million km2.

Fig. 6: Landslide Hazard along NH-39

 Landslides of different types occur frequently in geodynamically active domains in Himalaya, North East India as also in stable domains in Western Ghats and Nilgiri Hills of southern India (Sharda 2008). The Himlayan terrain, being geologically young and geodynamically active to triggering large of number of earthquakes and intensive soil erosion, is highly prone to the landslide hazards.

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Fig. 7: Landslide Hazard Zonation Map of NH-39 (83 K2, K3 & G15)  Over the decades, due to increase in populations as well as their properties in these terrains along the National and State Highways, the incidences of landslides have shown a disturbing and damaging trend of occurrence with higher damage to life and property.

 ELEMENTS AT RISK: Hill districts of Manipur i.e. Churachandpur, Tamenglong, Senapati, Ukhrul and Chandel are most vulnerable to Landslides.

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2.3.3 Floods:  Almost two third population of Manipur is concentrated in the Manipur Valley, which has only 8.2% area of the state (Singh 1997). Rivers from these hills flow into valley and very often lead to flash floods every year. Thus river flooding is a regular hazard faced by the State. All the major river systems in the State are vulnerable to flooding, as captured in the Vulnerability Atlas. The urban areas face flooding primarily due to drainage failures and increased run-off loads in hard surfaces.

Fig. 8: Flood Zonation Map of Manipur River Basin

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 Manipur Valley is drained by three major rivers viz. (i) Imphal river, (ii) Iril river, (iii) Thoubal river and many minor rivers such as : a. Sekmai river, b. Chakpi river, c. Khuga river, d. Nambul river, e. Nambol river, f. Wangjing river, g. kongba river etc.

The various river either fall directly into or indirectly connected (through lakes) with Imphal river which is later on known as Manipur river . Thus Manipur Valley is oriented with the Manipur river system. The catchment area of Manipur Valley can be divided into 9 Basins Name of the river basin Catchment area (i) Imphal River Basin 560 km2. (ii) Thoubal River Basin 920 km2. (iii) Iril River Basin 1260 km2. (iv) Sekmai River Basin 426 km2. (v) Khuga River Basin 458 km2. (vi) Wangjing River Basin 305 km2. (vii) Chakpi River Basin 660 km2. (viii) River systems which fall on Loktak Lake 980 km2. (ix) Other Rivers fall on Manipur River 763 km2. Total 6332 km2.

 Flood in Manipur Valley is primarily due to heavy rainfall in the upper catchment areas. Intensity of rainfalls is higher in the hilly region than in the plain region. Hilly region, surrounding the valley region occupies 4432 sq. km. which is 70% of the total catchment area and area of Manipur Valley is 1900 sq. km. which is 30% only. Thus Manipur Valley has large upper catchment area where rainfall is normally high. These good amounts of rainfall feed many streams and rivers, which finally drain, through Manipur Valley. In the hilly region very steep slope nature occupies the major portion. Besides, degraded land areas occupy 1545 km2 which is 24 % of total catchment area and 35 % of hilly region, enhancing more erosion and run off.  There are many vulnerable points along the riverbanks of the major rivers of Manipur Valley. In these areas; erosion, sliding and slumping of the banks are common; causing breach of riverbanks to these points during rainy season. Proper maintenance of these riverbanks is very much necessary and retaining walls are to be constructed.

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Plantation of trees will help to some extent. Out of the total catchment area, hilly areas occupy 70 %., which is the upper catchment areas of the rivers draining off through Manipur Valley. Construction of check dams in thejunction of valley and plain areas at suitable places is recommended. This will regulate inflow of water in the rivers; this will also check siltation/sedimentation in the river courses. Plantation of fast growing trees on the upper catchment areas are required to reduce soil loss. Encouraging terrace cultivation in the hills slope is also advisable. Proper guidance should be given to the hill people against practicing of jhoom cultivation. Careful action viz. contour canals, subsurface dykes, gully plugging, terracing should be taken up whenever suitable. The lakes of the valley, acts as inland basins for many rivers and streams. It will be very helpful if proper action could betaken up for deepening of these lake beds.

 ELEMENTS AT RISK :The four valley districts in Manipur, namely Imphal East, Imphal West, Thoubal and Bishnupur are most vulnerable to floods.

2.3.4 Fires:  Fires are very common in the state. As bamboo is extensively used in the construction of residential huts, many a times the whole dwellings are reduced to ashes, before any measures at firefighting are instituted. In March’2009 the whole Wino Bazar Area in the heart of Ukhrul District Headquarters in Manipur was destroyed completely by a devastating fire.  Forest fire is a major cause of degradation of forest. With increasing population pressure, the forest cover is deteriorating at an alarming rate. Especially in recent past the incidences of forest fire have increased tremendously due to human induced activities. Causes of forest fire are both natural and due to human intervention. Fires occur naturally due to lightning, but most fires are caused by the local community. Approximately 90percent of the forest fires are due to human interventions, both intentional and unintentional. In states like Manipur, forest fires have a close link with livelihood. People residing within forests or nearby areas are dependent on forests for their source of income/ day to day fuel. They ignite forests for collection of forest produces or clearing land for agricultural purposes. Some fires are caused due to poor knowledge and the negligence of the people. Throwing burning cigarettes and cooking food in the forest are such causes of forest fire. The remaining 10percent of forest fires are due to natural processes such as lightning, increase in temperature during summer etc.  Forest fires are common and frequent in the forest areas all over the State. The incidence of forest fire is more in the forest areas adjoining the valley. Villagers set fire to forests to get flush of new grass for their cattle and for collection of fire wood. Regeneration (natural as well as artificial) is completely wiped out and wildlife including rare plants is severely damaged. The hill forests get burnt every year due to wild fire spreading from the burning of jhum. Most of the fires occur in unclassed forests wherein the Forest Department have very little or no control and maintain the records. The extent of area affected by forest fire is estimated to be about 2000 sqkm 32

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annually. Details of forest fire incidents in various districts of Manipur during fire season (from November, 2009 to May, 2010) are given in Table-6. (Source: Annual Administrative Report 2010-11- Forest Department, Govt. of Manipur, available at http://manipur.nic.in/annualreport/forest_2010-11.pdf Accessed on 14/12/2012.

Table- 6: Incidents Of Forest Fire In Various Districts Of Manipur During Fire Season (From November, 2009 To May, 2010) Mont No. of incidents of Forest Fire h Ce Th Bis Chandel Ukhrul Tamengl Senapati Churach Total nt ou hn ong * andpur ral bal up ur Nov, 2009 Dec, 2009 Jan, - - - 28.1.201 30.1.201 31.1.201 8 2010 0-2 0-1 0-3 31.1.201 1 3 0-2 4 Feb, - - - 20.2.2010- 1.2.2010-1 1.2.2010 2.2.2010 6.2.2010 86 2010 2 4.2.2010-1 -2 -4 -1 22.2.2010- 13.2.2010- 2.2.2010 6.2.2010 20.2.201 1 1 -2 -4 0-3 27.2.2010- 15.2.2010- 4.2.2010 13.2.201 25.2.201 3 4 -4 0-4 0-1 6 20.2.2010- 10.2.201 15.2.201 27.2.201 1 0-2 0-9 0-2 24.2.2010- 13.2.201 20.2.201 7 2 0-5 0-1 10 15.2.201 27.2.201 0-13 0-1 17.2.201 23 0-1 26.2.201 0-8 27.2.201 0-3 40 Mar, - - - 2..3.2010- 3.3.2010- 1.3.2010 1.3.2010 2.3.2010 208 2010 2 11 -25 -2 -2 3.3.2010- 5.3.2010-1 2.3.2010 2.3.2010 3.3.2010

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10 7.3.2010-2 -6 -1 -15 4.3.2.10-4 9.3.2010-5 3.3.2010 3.3.2010 4.3.2010 5.3.2010-1 19 -52 -30 -3 9.3.2010-1 4.3.2010 5.302010 5.3.2010 18 -5 -2 -7 88 35 6.3.2010 -2 9.3.2010 -19 48 April, - - - 2010 May, - - - 2010 Total: 24 29 132 59 58 302 - *including Langol RF, which falls within Senapati District but under Central Forest Division

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Fig. 9: Forest Map of Manipur (Source:http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/manipur/manipur-forest-map.gifaccessed on 13/12/2012)

 ELEMENTS AT RISK: Almost all the districts of Manipur (due to high forest coverage) are vulnerable to Forest Fire. Also, all the districts are vulnerable to domestic fire.

2.3.5 Hailstorms:  These are very common throughout the state and cause severe damage to crops and houses. In March and April’ 2010, severe hailstorm affected the state, resulting in deaths of two children, apart from severe damage to buildings. Hailstorms cause heavy damage to crops and vegetation. Secondary hazards like snapping of electric poles due to uprooting of trees, disruption of communication links etc. are also attributed to hailstorms.  Elements At Risk: Almost all the districts of Manipur (due to high forest coverage) are vulnerable to Forest Fire. Also, all the districts are vulnerable to domestic fire.

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2.3.6 Lightening: A few cases of deaths and fire accidents occur frequently in the state and all the districts are vulnerable..

2.3.7 Pest attack:

 A very peculiar phenomenon takes place in the north east India where bamboo grows extensively. These plants flower once in 50 years. When the seeds develop, rodent population, which eats these seeds, proliferates. These rodents then attack the rice fields destroying all the crops leading to famine (Bagla 2001). This phenomenon started in Manipur in 2006 and caused severe crop failure in Churachandpur, Tamenglong and Chandel Districts, forcing the State Government to take special measures to provide food grains to the public.

2.3.8 Drought:  For some years now, the state has been facing the prospect of drought due to diminishing rains, which are a direct result of loss of forest cover, due to excessive felling of trees. In context of Manipur, causes of drought are natural and human activities both. Several types of weather changes have also altered the normal rainfall pattern in the area leading to a proneness to drought. In last few years, it has been observed that human activities like soil erosion, and deforestation, have also caused drought.In 2009, all 9 districts were affected by the drought.The State Government of Manipur declared drought in respect of all nine districts on 25.6.2009. The deficit in rainfall upto the end of July, 2009 was 47 percent. Rainfall from 1st to 12th August was 51.8mm as against 87.4mm during the corresponding period in 2008- a shortfall of 40.7 percent.Total 1.02 lakh ha. area remained unsown against a total Kharif Crop Area of 2.34 Lakh Hectare.

2.3.9 Accidents:  Manipur has its own share of accidents. It witnessed the loss of an Indian Airlines Flight on 16th August, 1991, resulting in death of all the passengers and crew (Statement by Minister: Accident of Indian Air Lines Aircraft near Imphal 1991). Due to hilly terrain, many times, the buses fall in gorges, leading to loss of life and injuries.

2.3.10 Epidemics:  As Manipur valley is overcrowded, occurrence of water and air borne epidemics cannot be ruled out. In 2007 almost 150,000 poultry birds had to be culled and safely disposed after the H5N1 strain of the Avian Influenza Virus was detected in some dead birds (Parsai 2007). In 2009 one case of Swine Flu has been reported from Manipur (Manipur reports first swine flu case, alert sounded 2009). In 2010 six people reportedly died following outbreak of Japanese Encephalitis in Manipur

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and over 70 people were admitted to different hospitals (6 Dead Due to Japanese Encephalitis in Manipur 2010).

2.4 Vulnerability Assessment:

Vulnerability varies with the type of hazard. For an earthquake, elements at risk involve multi-storey buildings which are mostly concentrated in the capital city of Imphal, other residential buildings, schools, hospitals, and government offices. As most of these buildings are old and not constructed as per BIS norms, these are vulnerable to earthquakes. A severe earthquake may also affect the major dams in the state i.e. Loktak, Khuga and Dolaithabi Dams. Roads and Bridges, including the over-bridge in Imphal are likely to be affected. All those people who are present in these buildings at the time of earthquake shall be at risk. During Floods, usually kutcha huts in the low lying areas are affected. As floods are more common in the Imphal valley, people living here are at risk. Crop damage is very common. Cattle, goats, sheep, and poultry are affected during severe floods. Fish farms are inundated during floods, leading to heavy loss to fish farmers. Landslides affect houses as well as roads and bridges. People living in the hilly area are affected, losing their residential assets. Few deaths have also been reported in Senapati District in Manipur due to landslide.

Fire usually destroys the bamboo huts and wooden buildings which are quite common in the hill areas. Deaths, especially of children have been reported many times due to building fire. Drought affects crops, leaving people in penury. It also affects livestock and fish farms. Severe drought also leads to scarcity of drinking water. Pest attack (by rodents due to bamboo flowering) on crops has affected people in Tamenglong, Chandel and Churachandpur districts in Manipur. Hailstorm affects both standing crops as well as GCI sheet roofs of residential buildings which are quite common in Manipur.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS AFFECTING VULNERABILITY: 2.4.1 ECONOMIC CONDITION: The most vulnerable people in Manipur are agricultural and non-agricultural labourers and daily wage earners like small scale vegetable vendors who earn their living on a daily basis. Any hazard that disrupts normal day to day activity affects them most. Next vulnerable group is small and marginal farmers who get regularly affected by drought, floods, hailstorms and sometimes landslides. Most secure persons are government employees whose livelihood is assured. Poor people may also be affected by epidemics due to low immunity levels resulting from malnutrition.

2.4.2 GENDER: Women are generally more vulnerable to all the hazards because of the secondary position they occupy in the paternalistic society in Manipur. Even amongst women, pregnant and lactating mothers are more vulnerable.

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2.4.3 AGE GROUPS: Old and infirm people, as well as small children are more at risk than the general population.

2.4.4 HEALTH: Physically and mentally challenged people are more vulnerable in any disaster. As Manipur has a high ratio of HIV positive persons, whose immunity has been compromised, they shall be much more vulnerable during any disaster.

2.4.5 ETHNICITY: Fortunately, Manipur does not suffer from the vulnerabilities associated with a caste system. But members of Scheduled Tribes, who form about 32% of population and are living in far flung hill areas, are generally more vulnerable due to their poor socio-economic conditions.

2.5 Assets And Access To Resources For Reducing Vulnerability: 2.5.1 Physical Assets: The most important material / physical assets are the residential houses, shops, agricultural implements, and equipment used by various artisans. Access to resources in this category is limited to schools and other government buildings/ community halls, which can be used as community shelter in case of a natural hazard.

2.5.2 Financial Assets: These are small savings which are quite common. People also like to invest their money in gold ornaments, which they sell during the time of extreme financial needs. Insurance policies are not so common. Recently the Government have introduced the Crop Insurance Scheme in Manipur, which has had a very good response. Private Money Lenders still remain an important source of credit, albeit at exorbitant rates. Government extends relief in cases of natural disasters under State Disaster Response Fund and National Disaster Response Fund at the rates prescribed in the guidelines.

2.5.3 Social / Organisational Assets: First and foremost it includes family. The system of extended joint family is still prevalent here, which is an important asset during the natural disasters, as relatives and people of same clan support each other during the time of crisis. Local Youth Clubs and Women’s organisations (locally known as Meira Paibis) are common in each locality and help people in combating adverse effects of natural disasters. In the valley area the elected Gram Panchayats and in the Hill districts traditional village councils and recently elected Autonomous District Councils are the most important organisations which help people in time of need. There are quite a few NGOs working for community development who come to the aid of people in times of crises.

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2.5.4 Motivational Attitudinal Assets: During the implementation of GOI-UNDP Disaster Risk Management Programme from 2003 to 2009 in Manipur, 165 Gram Panchayats in valley area and 220 villages in hill districts were covered, where awareness campaign drive regarding natural disasters, formation of disaster management teams of local volunteers, training of these teams in basic search and rescue and first aid techniques and mock drills were carried out. This has made people generally aware about natural disasters and many a youth has been motivated to join the Disaster Management Teams of volunteers.Apart from the hazard prone geographical conditions, Manipur is also vulnerable due to the unplanned developments, rapid urbanization, and alarming growth in the population and temporary settlements in urban areas. Remoteness and difficult accessibility in the rural areas along with lack of awareness on disaster risk reduction and preparedness have also contributed to increase in risk of the State’s population.

2.6 Risk Identification: As previously seen in the previous section, the State of Manipur is highly vulnerable to various natural disasters. This coupled with a multiple of other factors like limited awareness on disaster risk reduction and preparedness and improper planning have contributed to increase in risk to the people. It is certainly possible to reduce the potential impact of disasters by evolving appropriate preparedness, preventive and response plans. Risk identification and assessment constitutes the first step in developing the State plan.The analysis identifies the areas in the state exposed to higher risk and therefore priority areas for disaster preparedness and mitigation interventions. Every care has been taken to provide accurate information in the atlas to draw a realistic picture of the pertinent and latent risks. Any discrepancy present in the Atlas can be attributed to limited access to the available data. This document can be further refined by adding more information from the available resources and taking into account the dynamic nature of risks.

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2.6.1 PEOPLE AT RISK: Further analysis to be carried out along with the GIS mapping exercise. Table 7: People at Risk of Natural Disasters in Manipur

R CB District Drought Glacier s s Glacier Stampede Landslide Population Forest Fire Earthquake Avalanches/ /Cloud Burst /Cloud Burst Industrial and Road Accidents Dam /Lake Burst Flood/FlashFlood Imphal East 452,661 Imphal West 514,683 Bishnupur 240,363

Thoubal 420,517 Churachandpur 271,274

Chandel 144,028 Senapati 354,972 Tamenglong 140,143 Ukhrul 183,115

2.6.2 Environment Protection

The Forest and Environment initiatives have been implemented at length as majority of Population in Manipur dwells in rural areas who rely for living on Forest regions. Hence, the regeneration, maintaining the productivity level and sustainability of the non-forest lands, particularly the common lands has become imperative for the State for a continuous supply of rural needs.

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Chapter 3

Preventive Measures

3.1 Strategy  Policy framework on disaster management reflecting the holistic approach involving prevention, mitigation and preparedness in pre-disaster phase.  Creation of awareness for disaster risk reduction at all level.  Creating awareness for improving preparedness amongst the communities, using media and school education.  Appropriate amendments in the legislative and regulatory instruments along with strengthening of the enforcement mechanisms at different levels.  Capacity building at local and regional levels for undertaking rapid-assessment surveys and investigations of the nature and extent of damage in post disaster situations.  Conducting micro-zonation surveys.  To ensure use of disaster resistant construction techniques.  The use of disaster resistant codes and guidelines related to disaster resistant construction in all sectors of the society by law and through incentives and disincentives.  To incorporate the study of disaster engineering subjects in architecture and engineering curricula.  To create a research oriented database on disasters and its impacts.  To promote and encourage Research & Development activities.

3.2 Prevention and Mitigation measures  Mitigation is the most effective strategy to reduce the risks of hazards. It may be structural or non-structural.  Structural mitigation measures generally refer to capital investment on physical constructions or other development works, which include engineering measures and construction of hazard resistant and protective structures and other protective infrastructure. Non-structural measures refer to awareness and education, policies technolegal systems and practices, training, capacity development etc.

3.2.1 Manmade Disasters:  Manmade disasters are unpredictable and can spread across geographical boundaries. Some disasters in this class are entirely manmade while other may occur because of natural disasters, equipment failures, or workers having inadequate training or fatigue and make errors.

 Technological disasters include a broad range of incidents. Routes of exposure through water and food, airborne releases, fires and explosions, and hazardous materials or waste (e.g., chemical, biological, or radioactive) released into the environment from a fixed facility or during transport. Fires, explosions, building or bridge collapses, transportation

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crashes, dam or levee failures, nuclear reactor accidents, and breaks in water, gas, or sewer lines are other examples of technological disasters.

 The structural and non-structural prevention/mitigation measures for the industrial (chemical) disaster are mentioned below;

Table 8: Structural & Non-Structural Measures (Industrial (chemical) hazard) SN Task Activities Responsibility Structural Measures Land use 1. Planning permission of any  Commerce & planning factory/industry should Industries/Revenue/MAHUD/T 1 consider the land use planning own Planing Deptts. in view of hazard, risk and vulnerability of the State Adaption 1. Application of Science and  Science & of advance technology and engineering Technology/Commerce & 2 technology inputs to improve industrial Industries Deptts. infrastructures Tech-legal 1. Review and revision of Acts  Relief & DM/Law Deptts. Regime and Rules  Commerce & Industries/Relief 3 2. Strict implementation of Acts & DM Deptts. and Rules  Manipur Pollution Control Board Safety 1. Carry out structural safety  Commerce & Industries/Relief 4 Audit inspection/audit & DM Deptts. Capacity 1. Establish infrastructure for  Concerned industrial Unit in Building onsite and offsite warning consultation with Relief & DM dissemination Deptt. 5 2. Construction/Strengthening of EOC/SDRF at all level 3. Procurement of all necessary equipments including PPE Non-Structural Measures 1. Planning 1. Prepare an onsite and offsite  Concerned Industrial Unit in emergency plan consultation with Relief & DM 2. Conduct mock drills as per Deptt. the regulations 3. Update the plan as per the requirement 4. Monitor similar activities in

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SN Task Activities Responsibility all the factories/ industries 2 Capacity 1. Develop IEC material for  Concerned Industrial Unit in Building Publication & Distribution consultation with Relief & DM 2. Awareness generation to Deptt. general public and the people residing near MAH factories 3. Organize training programmes, seminars and workshops 4. Ensure the student community is imparted proper education on the relevant topics by schools/ colleges. 5. Encourage disaster insurance

3.2.2 Natural Disasters  The State approach for disaster prevention and mitigation will be multi-hazard centred as it is vulnerable to all-major natural hazards such as Earthquake, Landslide, Drought, Flood, Cyclone, Fire etc. due to its geo-climatic, geological and physical features.

 There are several prevention/mitigation activities which are common for many natural hazards and are describe below. Hazard specific measures are mentioned thereafter.

Table 9: All Hazard Structural & Non-Structural Measures SN Task Activities Responsibility Structural Measures Land use 1. Land use planning of the State in  Revenue/MAHUD/ planning view of hazard, risk and Town Planning vulnerability of the State Department 1 2. To ensure development schemes of  All Development the State are undertaken in view of Departments hazard, risk, vulnerability and microzonation Mainstream- 1. Ensure that each development  All Development ing Disaster programme /scheme in the State Departments Management should be sanctioned/undertaken in only if it meets the requirement of 2 development disaster management programmes 2. Ensure the programme/ scheme/ project is facilitated with the provision for adequate funds of

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SN Task Activities Responsibility disaster management Adaption of 1. Application of Science and  NIT/Engineering new technology and engineering inputs Departments of 3 technology to improve infrastructures including MU/Engineering dams and reservoirs, building Departments of State design, construction , etc. Government. Techno-legal 1. Review and revision of building by  MAHUD & Town Regime laws Planning 2. Review and revision of town Department/PWD 4 planning Act & Rules 3. Ensure strict implementation of Code and Rules 4. Monitoring of quality construction Safety Audit 1. Carrying out structural safety audit  Relief & DM 5 of all critical lifeline structures Department Capacity 1. Construction/Strengthening of EOC  Relief & DM 6 Building at all level Department Non-Structural Measures 1. Planning 1 Prepare Multi hazard disaster  Relief & DM management plan Department/DDMAs  Prepare hazard wise contingency planning  Ensure hazard wise departmental action plan and SOP  Conduct mock drills at regular intervals  Update the plan as per the requirement  Monitor similar activities at district & taluka level 2 Capacity 2. Develop multi-hazard IEC material  Relief & DM Building for Publication & Distribution Department 3. Media campaign for awareness  Education Department generation in general public  Finance Department 4. Organize training programmes,  Taxation Department seminars and workshops  5. Include disaster related topics in curriculum 6. Encourage disaster insurance 44

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SN Task Activities Responsibility 7. Encourage favourable taxation/incentive 3 Community 1. Strengthening capacity of local self  Relief & DM based government entities to understand Department Disaster local vulnerability and risk, disaster Management prevention needs, preparedness and response capabilities through participatory approach

3.2.2.1 Earthquake  In most earthquakes, the collapse of structures like houses, schools, hospitals and public buildings results in the widespread loss of lives and damage. Past earthquakes show that over 95 per cent of the lives lost were due to the collapse of buildings that were not earthquake-resistant. In such situation, the losses can be reduced if all structures in earthquake-prone areas built in accordance with earthquake-resistant construction techniques. The earthquake specific mitigation activities are as described below:

Table 10: Structural & Non-Structural Measures SN Task Activities Responsibility Structural Measures 1 1. To undertake micro zonation study  according to priority area Micro- 2. To provide or make available zonation seismic microzonation map 3. Provide vulnerability and risk  assessment map 2 1. To develop earthquake resistant  design features for the construction Earthquake of public utility structures Resistance 1 To develop earthquake resistant Design for design features for the construction different of residential structures earthquake 2 To provide earthquake resistant zones design for incorporating in different types of structures to the line departments 3 1. Create a database of existing  Retrofitting structures in the State of existing A. Public B. Private structures 2. Identify the available resources

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3. Identify structures that require retrofitting 4. Prepare a scheme/programme for retrofitting 5. Identification and removal of unsafe buildings/structure 4 1. Establish seismological network  Monitoring and round the clock monitoring of seismic 2. Dissemination of information and activities reporting 3. Conduct seismological research Non Structural Measures 1 Capacity 1. Departmental earthquake  All line departments. Building contingency plan 2. Ensure earthquake related  All line departments. departmental action plan and SOP 3. Include earthquake engineering  Manipur Unversity topics in curriculum 4. Provide professional training about  NIT/MIT/PWD earthquake resistance construction to

engineers and architects  NIT/MIT/PWD 5. Provide training to masons.

6. Encourage soil and material testing in laboratories  NIT/MIT/PWD 7.  2 Awareness 1 To disseminate earthquake risk to  Relief & DM general public residing in earthquake Department prone zones 2 Campaign for Earthquake safety tips

3.2.2.2 Cyclone: Effect of cyclones in Manipur is reflected by destructive winds and heavy rainfall, each one having its own impact on human and livestock, and their activities. The mitigation measures are described as below;

Table 11: Structural & Non-Structural Measures SN Task Activities Responsibility Structural Measures 1 Forecasting 1. Strengthening and Upgradation of  Relief & DM and Warning existing Cyclone forecasting system Department

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SN Task Activities Responsibility 2. Establish infrastructure for Cyclone  DDMAs warning and dissemination to the people in remote areas. 3. Develop specific warning dissemination system for Schools/ Colleges and Government institutions. Non-Structural Measures 1 Capacity 1. Departmental cyclone contingency  All Line Departments building plan 2. Cyclone related departmental action  All Line Departments plan and SOP 3. Imparting training to the  Relief & DM stakeholders involved in Cyclone Department mitigation and management. 2 Awareness 1. Disseminate cyclone risk to general  Relief & DM public. Departments 2. Campaign for Cyclone safety tips.

3.2.2.3 Flood Floods being the most common natural disaster, people have, out of experience, devised many ways of coping with them. However, encroachments into the flood plains over the years have aggravated the flood problem and a need to take effective and sustained mitigation measures. Various measures, structural and non-structural, have been described below;

Table 12: Structural & Non-Structural Measures SN Task Activities Responsibility Structural Measures 1 Construction 1. Improvement of design for irrigation  Irrigation & Flood and flood protective structures Control Department 2. Construction of dams, flood  PWD protection wall, flood diverting channels etc. 3. Strengthening/repair of existing roads and bridges and other critical infrastructure in flood plains. 4. Strengthening of dams and canals. 2 Development 1. Development of catchment area of  Forest & Environment of catchment the flood plain Department area 47

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SN Task Activities Responsibility o Forestation  IFCD/Minor Irrigation o Land sloping Department o Small reservoirs/Check dams/ponds etc. 3 Flood 1. Specific building by laws for flood  PWD Proofing plains 4 Techno-legal 1. Enactment and enforcement of laws  MAHUD/Town regime regulating developmental activities Planning Department in flood plain 5 Forecasting 1. Strengthening and Upgradation of  IFCD and Warning existing Flood forecasting system 2. Establish infrastructure for flood warning and dissemination. Non-Structural Measures 1 Capacity 1. Departmental flood contingency  All Line Departments building plan 2. Flood related departmental action plan and SOP  IFCD/ Relief & DM 3. Imparting training to the Department stakeholders involved in flood mitigation and management. 2 Awareness 1. Disseminate flood risk to general  IFCD/ Relief & DM public residing in flood prone zones Department 2. Campaign for Flood safety tips 3 Review of Review of operational rules for  IFCD rules reservoirs

3.2.2.4 Drought It is very difficult to prevent droughts, usually because it is caused by lack of rainfall, which is beyond our control. However, by taking effective mitigation measures effect of drought can be minimized. The drought prevention measures are given below;

Table 13: Structural & Non-Structural Measures SN Task Activities Responsibility Structural Measures 1 Construction 1. Construction of dams, reservoirs,  IFCD lift irrigation, tube wells and canals for surface irrigation 2. Construction of percolation tanks,  DRDAs check dams, farm ponds, etc.

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SN Task Activities Responsibility 3. Construction of warehouses and  CAFPD/Agriculture cold storages for Department preservation/storage of food grains. 2 Repairs, 1. Repairs, upgrading and  IFCD/MI/CADA upgradation strengthening of dams, reservoirs, and lift irrigation and canals for surface strengthening irrigation 2. Repairs, upgrading and  DRDAs strengthening of percolation tanks, check dams, farm ponds, etc. 3 Techno-legal 1. Enactment and enforcement of laws  Agriculture/Horticulture regime regulating ground water level and /PHED exploitation of natural recourses 4 Adaption of 2. Application of advanced Agro-  Agriculture/Horticulture new Science technology and agro- Department technology engineering inputs to improve agriculture production 5 Forecasting 1. Strengthening and Upgradation of  Agriculture/Horticulture and Warning existing Drought forecasting Department system 2. Establish infrastructure for drought warning and dissemination. Non-Structural Measures 1 Capacity 1. Departmental drought contingency  Agriculture/Horticulture/ building plan Animal Husbandry & 2. drought related departmental action Veterinary/ Medical/ plan and SOP PHED/ Departments 3. Imparting training to the stakeholders involved in drought mitigation and management. 4. Encourage people to use advance technology of drip and sprinkler irrigation 5. Encourage water harvesting 6. Encourage farmers to understand crop pattern to be adopted in their area 7. Rational use of fertilizers and pesticides 8. Encourage the adaptation of technique for preservation of green fodder

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SN Task Activities Responsibility 2 Awareness 1. Disseminate drought risk to general  Agriculture/Horticulture public residing in drought prone Departments zones 2. Campaign for drought tips for agriculture, general public and industries

Note: Plan will be forwarded to concern State departments to prioritize and implement preventive and mitigation measures derived in the plan. 3.3 Training Needs Analysis  Training Analysis is most often used as part of the system development process. Due to the close tie between the design of the system and the training required, in most cases it runs alongside the development to capture the training requirements.  The training need analysis is done considering variable factors of intensity, affected population and severity of damage need to be quickly assessed based on which government and non-government agencies can allocate and deploy relief. The training requirements would be based on emergency response functions. Each ERF consist of sub functions. The ERFs are: o Coordination and Command o Source and Impact Control o Population Care o Medical Care o Maintaining law and order

All the government line departments who have a stake in different phases of the disaster management will have to identify their roles and carry out training need analysis of their personnel. The list of the Government Depts. is as under:

Table 14: Training Needs Analysis Task Activity Responsibility Identification of roles and responsibilities 1. Manipur State Disaster of the department in disaster Management Authority (SDMA) management 2. State Executive Committee of Identification of stakeholders to carry out State Disaster Management department’s roles and responsibilities Authority (SEC) To carry out training need analysis 3. Relief & Disaster Management Development of training design as per Department the training need analysis 4. Disaster Management Institute Arrangement for resources (DMI) Training Imparting training 5. Agriculture Department Need 6. Animal Husbandry & Veterinary

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Analysis Department 7. Arts & Culture Department 8. Manipur State Archives

9. Command Area Development

Authority, Manipur 10. Commerce & Industries Department 11. Community & Rural Development and Panchayati

Raj Department

12. Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution Department 13. Cooperation Department 14. Department of Information &

Public Relations 15. Development of ST & SC Department 16. Economics & Statistics Department 17. Election Department 18. Education (School) Department 19. Education (U) Department 20. Technical Education and vocational training 21. Finance Department 22. Fisheries Department 23. Forest & Environment Department 24. General Administration Department (GAD) 25. Horticulture and Soil Conservation Department 26. Home Department 27. Manipur Police 28. Home Guards 29. Manipur Police Wireless 30. MPTC/ 31. Manipur Fire Service 32. Information Technology Department 33. Irrigation and Flood Control Department (IFCD) 34. Labour Department

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35. Law and Legislative Affairs Department 36. Medical, Health and Family Welfare Department 37. Minor Irrigation Department 38. Minorities and Other Backward Classes Department 39. Municipal Administration, Housing & Urban Development Department 40. Personnel and Administrative Reforms Department 41. State Academy of Training 42. Planning Department 43. Power Department 44. Public Health Engineering Department 45. Public Works Department (PWD) 46. Revenue Department 47. Science and Technology Department 48. Sericulture Department 49. Social Welfare Department 50. Tourism Department 51. Town and Country Planning Department 52. Transport Department 53. Youth Affairs & Sports 54. District Administration 55. St. John Ambulance/ Indian Red Cross 56. International Agencies/ NGOs

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Chapter 4

Mainstreaming DM Concerns into Developmental Plans/Projects

 Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction into development planning has been a priority concern for the State Government.  Mainstreaming risk reduction should result in appropriate measures being taken to reduce disaster risk and ensure that development plans and programmes do not create new forms of vulnerability.  In continuation with the efforts to integrate disaster management into development planning especially for new projects that are under preparation stage, the Central Government has revised the formats for pre-approval from EFC (Expenditure Finance Committee) and for preparing the DPR (Detailed Project Report) to address disaster management concerns. To ensure the implementation of key areas, a check list for EFC format and the responsible departments are as shown below:

Table 15: Check List of EFC Format

Task Activity Responsibility Mainstreaming 1. To ascertain whether project involve any  All Line disaster creation/ modification of structural/ Departments management engineering assets  Relief & DM into 2. To ascertain the possible risks, likelihood Department development and impact from disasters due to the  SEC planning location of project sites 3. To ascertain whether probable risks have been prioritized and the mitigation measures being contemplated, both structural and non-structural measures 4. To ascertain whether the design and engineering of the structure has taken into consideration the National Building Code 2005, the appropriate BIS Codes, other applicable sources as per the type of the project and the NDMA guidelines (List of codes/guidelines for safety of building/structures from natural hazardsis given in annexure 2 & 3) 5. To ascertain whether the cost of disaster treatment/ mitigation measures has been included in the overall project cost 6. To ascertain whether the process of risk 53

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Task Activity Responsibility assessment has been done based on available information and secondary evidence

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To ensure the implementation of key areas, a check list for DPR format and the responsible departments are as shown below:

Table 16: Check List of DPR Format

Task Activity Responsibility Mainstreaming  Impact Assessment of project (damage that  All Line disaster can be caused to the project by natural Departments management disasters, design of the project that could  Relief & DM into accentuate the vulnerability of the area to Department development disasters and / or lead to rise in damage /  SEC planning loss of lives, property, livelihood and surrounding environment), checklist for natural disaster impact assessment is given in Annexure 4  Risk assessment of project  Vulnerability assessment of project (Evaluation of site with regards to parameters such as probable maximum seismicity, probable maximum wind speed, probable maximum precipitation, probable maximum flood discharge and level, soil liquefaction proneness under probable earthquake intensities)  Compliance of o land use management o Building Code o Building use regulation o Directives and Legislation o Maintenance requirement  Details about the location of the project, proneness of the project area to various hazards and analysis of impact on safety of the project.  Impact of the project on the environment and the surrounding population with respect to the type of the project and adoption of mitigation measures to reduce the impact of the same

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Scope of integrating DRR in development schemes (Suggested for Departments and schemes to corporate in their plans)

Table 17: Integrating DRR in Development Schemes

Sector/National and State Action Points (Probable) Schemes Housing and public buildings  Safety audit of existing housing stock.  IAY (Indira AwaasYojana),  Establishing Technology Demonstration Units for public  JNNURM (Public education and awareness. infrastructure & transport)  Certification of masons and creating database of master trainers.  Strengthen compliance and enforcement procedures of local building laws in the hazard prone areas.  Adding construction elements for special needs groups in design and planning of all public buildings and mass housing projects. Water and Sanitation  Rainwater Harvesting.  National Rural Drinking  Water recharge and conservation. Water Programme (NRDWP).  Flood mitigation- retaining wall, strengthening  Total Sanitation Campaign embankments etc

Employment and NRM  Prioritising and taking up works for flood control,  Pradhan Mantri drought proofing. GramodayaYojana.  Land development including plantation.  (PMGY), Mahatma Gandhi  Revival of traditional water harvesting structures National Rural Employment including treatment of catchment area. Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS).  Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP) Health  Developing emergency plans and conduct mock drills in  NRHM(National Rural Health hospitals. Mission),  Developing projects on community monitoring and  State AIDS Control reporting in major health and food security schemes. Programme, Education  Upgradation of infrastructure for DRR, special needs of  Sarva Siksha Abhiyan (SSA) vulnerable groups including disabled children in design of school building, amenities and learning processes.  Development and dissemination of learning material on risk awareness, preparedness and preventive measures in school curricula and integration of DRR modules in the 56

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Sector/National and State Action Points (Probable) Schemes regular training course of the “Teachers Training Institutes”.  Training in life saving skills such as first aid, search and rescue, swimming to the school children, teachers and education administrators.  Preparing disaster preparedness plans and conducting mock drills through School Management Committees (SMC).

4.1 Residual Agenda The State is prone to major disasters viz. earthquake, flood, landslide, drought, hailstorm, and fire. Flood and landslide occur in the State quite often. The State economy does not have the potential to meet with the threat and challenges posed by these disasters. Moderate disasters are being managed through State Disaster Relief Fund and National Disaster Relief Fund. However, for the major disasters like once in 100-200 years event, some specific arrangements are required to be done as under:

Table 18: Specific Arrangements for Major Disasters

Task Activity Responsibility Raising funds 1. Raising funds through long term disaster bonds  Finance for major 2. Raising fund (grant/loan) through bilateracy Department disasters multi-lateral funding agencies

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Chapter 5

Preparedness Measures

5.1 Resource Availability

A comprehensive database of disaster management related inventory is essential for an organized response. Lack of proper and adequate information hampers swift and measured response. Therefore, to prepare this inventory, India Disaster Resource Network (IDRN) shall be used. It is a web based information system for managing the inventory of equipments, skilled human resources and critical supplies for emergency response. The primary focus is to enable the decision makers to find answers on availability of equipments and human resources required to combat any emergency situation. This database will also enable them to assess the level of preparedness for specific vulnerabilities.Total 226 technical items are listed in the resource inventory. It is a nationwide district level resource database. Each user of all districts of the state has been given a unique username and password through which they can perform data entry, data updation on IDRN for resources available in their district. The IDRN network has functionality of generating multiple query options based on the specific equipment, skilled human resources and critical supplies with their location and contact details.

Table 19: Resource Mapping for Natural Disasters

Task Activity Responsibility Resource 1. Identify available resources viz. Human,  Relief & DM Mapping financial and equipment for disaster Department management with ‐ State Dept.  DDMAs ‐ Dist. Level ‐ Subdivision/Block level ‐ Village level ‐ Public sector ‐ Private sector ‐ Community level 2. Identification of gaps of resources as per the need 3. Process for procurement of lacking resources

5.2 Community based Disaster Management  Community is not only the victim but invariably the first responder in any disaster  Any disaster revolves around the coping capacity of the community 58

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 Therefore, community should be closely associated with prevention, mitigation, preparedness, training, capacity building, response, relief, recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction.

Table 20: Community Preparedness for Natural Disasters

Task Activity Responsibility Community 1. Selecting vulnerable community and most  Relief & DM Preparedness vulnerable groups at risk (keep gender Department issues in mind) 2. Disseminate information about vulnerability and risk to the community  DMI 3. Promote local level disaster risk management planning through participatory approach 4. Advice and issue direction wherever necessary for community disaster prevention, mitigation and preparedness through local resources and participatory approach 5. Provide necessary resources and support for disaster risk reduction at community level 6. Promote community managed implementations 7. Review the preparedness at community level 8. Take appropriate actions to enhance community preparedness 9. Promote community education, awareness and training 10. Ensure fail safe mechanism for timely dissemination of forecasting and warning of impending disaster to the community 11. Disseminate information to community to deal with any disaster situation

5.3 Training, capacity building and other proactive measures

5.3.1 Training

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Table 21: Training for Capacity Building

Task Activity Responsibility Training 1. Training to civil defence personal in various  Relief & DM aspect of disaster management Department 2. Training to home Guards personal in various  DMI aspect of disaster management including search and rescue 3. Training to NCC and NSS personal in various  DMI aspect of disaster management 4. Training to educational and training institutions  DMI personal in various aspect of disaster management 5. Training to civil society, CBOs and Corporate  DMI entities in various aspect of disaster management 6. Training to fire and emergency service personal  Relief & DM in various aspect of disaster management Department  DMI/MPTC/Fire Service 7. Training to police and traffic personal in various  DMI aspect of disaster management 8. Training to State Disaster Response Force  DMI/MPTC (SDRF) Teams in various aspect of disaster management 9. Training to media in various aspect of disaster  DMI management 10. Training to govt. officials in various aspect of  DMI disaster management 11. Training to engineers, architects, structural  DMI/NIT/MIT engineers, builders and masons in various aspect of disaster management

5.3.2 Awareness

Table 22: Awareness for Capacity Building

Task Activity Responsibility Information 1. Advertisement, hording, booklets, leaflets,  DMI education And banners, shake-table, demonstration, folk communication dancing and music, jokes, street play,

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exhibition, TV Spot, radio spot, audio-visual and documentary, school campaign, - Planning and Design - Execution and Dissemination

5.3.3 Computer based programming

Table 23: Computer based programming for Capacity Building

Task Activity Responsibility Develop 1. Develop GIS based information system for  MARSAC database for different sectors viz. Medical and health, disaster civil supply, fire and emergency services, management etc. o Collection of information o Generation of maps o Regular updation of data 2. Develop Flood Disaster Management  MARSAC/ IT Information System Deptt. o Development of software o Collection and Feeding of basic data o User’s training o Regular updation of real-time data 3. Create and disseminate database of contact  MARSAC/DDMAs details, resources, response agencies, NGOs, trained personnel, most vulnerable groups, evacuation routes, available shelters, relief centres, critical infrastructures, storage godowns, etc. o Regular review and updation of such databases

5.3.4 Techno-legal Regime

Table 24: Technolegal Regime for Capacity Building

Task Activity Responsibility Institutional 1. Creation of State Level Disaster  Relief & DM Deptt. Arrangement Management Authority 2. Formulation of DM policy and guidelines.  Relief & DM Deptt. 3. Formulation of professional Civil Engineers  PWD

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Task Activity Responsibility Act. 4. Creation of regulatory body 5. Revision of General Development Control  Regulations (GDCR) 6. Emergency Medical Service Act  Health Department ‐ Creation of an Emergency Medical Services Authority (EMSA) ‐ Establish paramedic cadre through training programmes and accredit / license them ‐ Impart training to manpower for emergency services ‐ Recognize and accredit trauma centres ‐ Standardize and license ambulance services ‐ Establish statewide medical emergency access number ‐ Creation of City / District EMS councils ‐ Creation of guidelines for Emergency Care of special section of people like children, elders, BPL beneficiaries, citizens of remote and disaster prone areas 7. Revision of BIS codes  Enginnering Deptt o Undertake studies, reviews and revision of MU/PWD 8. Preparation and distribution of  Relief & DM Deptt. commentaries and handbooks 9. Development of relief norms and packages  Relief & DM Deptt.

10. Development and promotion of incentives,  Finance/ Relief & insurance, disaster bonds, tax rebate, etc. DM Departments. against the disaster 11. Development of Disaster Management Plans  Relief & DM o Hazard-wise State Disaster Management Department Plans o State Action Plans o State Contingency Plans o Departmental Disaster Management Plans o Dist., Subdivision, Block,GP, Village, Municipal areas and Municipal Ward

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Task Activity Responsibility Disaster Management Plans 12. Regular rehearsal, review and updation of plans 13. Publication & dissemination of plans 14. Strengthening of Early Warning System  Relief & DM o Conduct study Department o Analyse o Implement 15. Arrangement with service provider companies for multiple warning messages

16. Hazard Risk & Vulnerability Assessment  Relief & DM for different natural and man-made disasters Department prone to state o Conduct study o Analyse o Mapping o Micro zonation 17. Safety Measures  Relief & DM o Identification of places Department o Alarm system  DDMAs o Personnel protective equipments o Promotion of life saving methods and techniques 18. Strengthening of relief distribution and  Relief & DM accounting system at state and district level Department o Identification of centralized system for  DDMAs receipt, storage and distribution of relief o Rate contract, procurement and stockpile of relief material 19. Strengthening of EOC at state, region and  Relief & DM district level Department o Retrofitting of existing buildings  DDMAs o Strengthening of resources ‐ Task forces ‐ Equipments ‐ SOPs ‐ Financial o Arrangement for Mobile EOC o Arrangement of mock drills o Arrangement of logistics

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Task Activity Responsibility o Strengthening of communication means

5.4 Medical Preparedness

Table 25: Medical Preparedness for Capacity Building

Task Activity Responsibility Medical 1. Preparation of Authentic medical database  Medical Preparedness for public and private facilities available in Department the state o Collection of Data o Mapping and gap analysis o Strengthening 2. Resource management o Manpower, logistics, medical equipments, medicines, antidotes, personal protective equipments, disinfectant, vaccine 3. Identification of medical incident command system ‐ Incident Commander o State Level o Dist. Level o Disaster site - Identification of each section head at each level o Operation o Planning o Logistic o Administration & Finance o Media and Public information ‐ Identification of key members of different task force ‐ Control room arrangement o Departmental control room o State and district control room -Appointment of liaison officer in shifts - Planning o Preparation of medical management 64

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Task Activity Responsibility plan ‐ State level ‐ Dist. Level ‐ Hospital preparedness plan ‐ Training and capacity building o Hospital preparedness, o Pre hospital care, o Mass casualty management, etc.

5.5 Knowledge Management

Table 26: Knowledge Management for Capacity Building

Task Activity Responsibility Knowledge ‐ Documentation of disasters and to make it  Relief & DM Management available in easy accessible format Department ‐ Undertake research studies and application of outcomes in disaster management practices ‐ Documenting field data, experience and indigenous technological knowledge from local community ‐ Development of plan by using available resources like IDRN, etc. ‐ Sharing of data/information/reports/proceedings through consultation meeting/seminars etc. ‐ Use of Information and communication technology at disaster management centres, state, district, sub-division, block, village EOCs.

5.6 Communications

Table 27: Communications for Capacity Building

Task Activity Responsibility Fail safe ‐ Undertake study to establish fail safe two  Relief & DM communication way communication – information system Department and last mile from state level to disaster site connecting  Manipur Police

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Task Activity Responsibility connectivity state, district, sub-division, block and city Wireless level.  BSNL ‐ Undertake study to establish alert/siren with multi-lingual recorded massages. ‐ To procure the system and run a pilot project ‐ Establishment of multiple/alternative system ‐ Training/IEC campaign for general public of the vulnerable areas. ‐ Plan for re-establishment of disrupted system Plan testing ‐ Provide copy of the plan to each stakeholder  Relief & DM ‐ Organize mock drills and rehearsal for plan Department testing  DDMAs ‐ Lesson learnt through mock drill; identification of gaps through feedbacks and modification of plan ‐ Organize annual mock drill and updation of plan

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Chapter 6

Disaster Response

Response measures are those which are taken instantly prior to, and following, a disaster aimed at limiting injuries, loss of life and damage to property and environment and rescuing those who are affected or likely to be affected by a disaster. Response process begins as soon as it becomes apparent that a disastrous event is imminent and lasts until the disaster is declared to be over.

Since response is conducted during periods of high stress in a highly time-constrained environment and with limited information and recourses (in majority of the cases), it is by far, the most complex of four functions of disaster management.

Response includes not only those activities that directly address the immediate needs, such as search and rescue, first aid and shelters, but also includes systems developed to coordinate and support such efforts. For effective response, all the stakeholders need to have a clear perception/vision about hazards, its consequences and actions that need to be taken in the event of it.

The Relief & Disaster Management Department of the State is the Nodal Department for controlling, monitoring and directing measures for organizing rescue, relief and rehabilitation. All other concerned line departments should extend full cooperation in all matters pertaining to the response management of the disaster whenever it occurs. The State EOC, other control rooms at the State level and District EOCs should be activated with full strength. The State Government may publish a notification in the official gazette, declaring such area to be disaster-affected area.

6.1 Institutional Arrangements Under this State Disaster Management Plan, all disaster specific mechanisms would come under a single umbrella allowing for attending to all kinds of disasters. The existing arrangements therefore will be strengthened by defining this administrative arrangement. This arrangement proposes Chief Secretary as the head supported by the Relief Commissioner through the branch arrangements at the Emergency Operations Centres (EOC), both at State level and at the district levels.

It is proposed to have a formal Incident Response System in the State. The Commanding Officer of the proposed SDRF shall be the Incident Commander in the State and District Unit Chief of SDRF in each District as Incident Commander in the respective districts.

6.1.1 Emergency Operations Centre Emergency Operation Center (EOC) is a physical location and normally includes the space, facilities and protection necessary for communication, collaboration, coordination and emergency information management.

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Relief & DM Department shall develop a comprehensive network for effective disaster management which includes emergency communication, operation and response management. The network shall extend to State, District, Sub-Division, Block and the local incidence point with a well defined control and coordination structure supported with adequate and appropriate Information and Communication Technology (ICT) resources tools. The emergency network will work in all circumstances in synchronisation with the dynamics of “type of emergency”.

The EOC will be the hub of activity in a disaster situation. This is however, not to underestimate its normal time activities. The EOC, the key organizational structure, is flexible to expand when demand increases, and contracts when the situation comes to normal.

6.1.1.1 Activation of EOC The EOC is a nodal point for the overall coordination and control of relief work. In case of an L1 Disaster the DEOC will be activated, in case of an L2 disaster SEOC will be activated along with the DEOC.

6.1.1.2 The primary function of an EOC  Receive, monitor, and assess disaster information.  Keep track of available resources.  Monitor, assess, and track response units and resource requests.  Manage resource deployment for optimal usage.  Make policy decisions and proclaim local emergencies as needed.  Provide direction and management for EOC operations through Standard Operations Procedures (SOP), set priorities and establish strategies.  Coordinate operations of all responding units, including law enforcement, fire, medical, logistics etc.  Augment comprehensive emergency communication from EOC to any field operation when needed or appropriate.  Maintain EOC security and access control.  Provide recovery assistance in response to the situations and available resources.  Keep all concerned officials informed.  Keep local jurisdictions (Village/town/City, district and State) informed.  Operate a message center to log and post all key disaster information.  Develop and disseminate public information warnings and instructions.  Provide information to the print & electronic media.  Manage donation / aids.

6.1.1.3 Command & Control of EOCs The EOC, its system, and procedures should be designed in such a way that information can be promptly assessed and relayed to concerned parties. Immediate dissemination of information contributes to quick response and effective decision-making during emergency.

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Being the main coordination and control point for all disaster specific efforts, the EOC is the place of decision-making, under a unified command.

The EOC in normal circumstances will work under the supervision of Relief Commissioner at the State level and under the Deputy Commissioner at the district level. It is the nerve centre to support, co-ordinate and monitor the disaster management activities at the district level.

6.1.2 State Disaster Response Force (SDRF): In order to have speedy response in terms of post disaster search & rescue and relief, it is proposed to establish the SDRF. It shall be equipped with trained manpower and State-of-the- art equipments to provide support to the District EOCs if the situation becomes worse and goes beyond their control. SDRF shall do response related activities and increase the preparedness through capacity building.

6.1.2.1. Activation SDRF will get activated in case of;  An event is or has the potential to become an L2 disaster, or  Specialist rescue operation is required, or  There are insufficient local emergency rescue resources

6.1.2.2 Command & Control The SDRF will work under the direct control of Secretary-in-charge of Relief & DM. In time of disaster response the SDRF will be the instrument to provide multi-hazard emergency response to L2 events.District Deputy Commissioners will request for the assistance from the SDRF as soon as they feel that district resources are insufficient to deal with the emergency situation at hand. 6.2 Alert Mechanism – Early Warning On the receipt of warning or alert from any such agency which is competent to issue such a warning, or on the basis of reports from Deputy Commissioner of the occurrence of a disaster, the response structure of the State Government will be put into operation. The Chief Secretary/Relief Commissioner will assume the role of the Chief of Operations during the emergency situation.

In addition to Relief & DM Department, Govt. of Manipur, the details of agencies competent enough for issuing warning or alert pertaining to various types of disasters are given below:

Table 28: Agencies competent for issuing warning or alert for natural disasters

Disaster Agencies Earthquakes Indian Meteorological Department Floods Central Water Commission Cyclones Indian Meteorological Department Landslides Geological Survey of India 69

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Drought Indian Meteorological Department/ Ministry of Agriculture, GOI/Agriculture Department, Govt. of Manipur. Epidemics Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, GOI/ Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of Manipur. Heat & Cold Waves Indian Meteorological Department Fire Fire Service, Manipur/Forest & Environment Department, Govt. of Manipur

6.2.1 The occurrence of the disaster will be communicated to

6.2.1.2 At State Level: • Governor, Chief Minister, Deputy Chief Minister, Home Minister, State Cabinet, and Chief Secretary.

6.2.1.2 At the Central Level: • PMO, Cabinet Secretary, Secretary-Home and Defence, NDMA, MHA

6.2.2 The occurrence of the disaster would essentially bring into force the following:

• The EOCs will be put on full alert and expanded to include Branch arrangements, with responsibilities for specific tasks, depending on the nature of disaster and extent of its impact. The number of branches to be activated will be decided by the Chief of Operations. i.e. the Relief Commissioner at the State level and respective District Deputy Commissioners at the District level. • All Branch Officers and Nodal Officers will work under the overall supervision and administrative control of the Chief of Operations. All the decisions taken in the EOC have to be approved by the Chief of Operations. • Immediate access shall be made to the disaster site through various means of communications such as mobiles, VSAT, wireless communication and hotline contact.

The EOCs in the expanded form will continue to operate as long as the need for emergency relief and operations continues and the long term plans for rehabilitation are finalised. For managing long-term rehabilitation programmes, such as reconstruction of houses, infrastructure and other social amenities, the responsibilities will be that of respective line departments through a well structured R & R Programme. This will enable EOCs to attend to other disaster situations, if the need be.

6.2.3 Hazard wise alert and warning mechanism

The alert/warning mechanism has been described below for the hazard which can be forecast:

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6.2.3.1 Cyclone In case of cyclones, 72 hours advance warning of various levels of certainty are provided by the IMD. This system is well established and the Manipur State EOC and SDRFshall gear up emergency operations soon after the first warning is received. The typical sequence of cyclone early warning is as follows:

1. IMD’s INSAT satellite based Cyclone Warning Dissemination System (CWDS) is one of the best currently in use in India to communicate cyclone warnings from IMD to community and important officials in areas likely to be affected directly and quickly.

2. After getting information from IMD, warning dissemination to the public and Line Departments is the responsibility of State Government (Secretary-in-Charge of Relief & DM).

3. On receiving an initial warning, the office of the Secretary-in-Charge of Relief & DMshall send the warning to all Line Departments, the District administration and PHQ. Warning messages shall be transmitted through different means of communication to all districts. Deputy Commissioners shall be provided with satellite phones and a Ham-radio to maintain effective communication, even if terrestrial and cell-phone communication fails.

4. The State EOC and control rooms of the other line departments at the State level as well as district level shall also get the warnings. The control rooms shall be activated on receiving the warnings.

Warning to Public Weather bulletins are broadcast in Manipuri daily as routine from the AIR station at Imphal. When there is a threat of cyclone special weather bulletins are broadcast as soon as they are received from IMD and repeated in subsequent transmission. Dissemination of warning to the general public at large in vulnerable areas is through print, radio, TV and other media.

6.2.3.2 Flood

Flood forecasting is the responsibility of Central Water Commission (CWC).Central Water Commission has developed a network of flood forecasting stations and issues Daily Flood Bulletins to all designated Authorities/Agencies of the Central Government and State Governments/ District Administration during the South East Monsoon season for all the major river basins in the following categories:

Category IV: Low Flood (Water level between Warning Level and Danger Level) Category III: Moderate Flood (Water Level below 0.50m. less than HFL and above Danger Level) Category II: High Flood (Water Level less than Highest Flood Level but still within 0.50m. of the HFL) Category I: Unprecedented Flood (Water Level equal and above Highest Flood Level (HFL))

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 Meteorological Center and Flood Meteorological office collects information regarding meteorological situation of the State.  These Hydro Meteorological data are transmitted by flood meteorological office to the Executive Engineer Division (C.W.C.) as per their specific requirements.  Meteorological Center also issues heavy rainfall warnings to those officers of Government of Manipur who have specifically got their names registered with Meteorological Center, for receipt of heavy rainfall warning by giving their specific requirements in the prescribed proforma.

Dissemination  Keeping constant watch over the flood situation, flood warning, monitoring flood discharges through concerned project authorities, formulating flood forecast as and when required conveying these warnings including conveying inflow forecast and flood level forecast from C.W.C. as the case may be in advance to the concerned District and Police authorities for alerting and evacuating people of the area likely to be affected by the incoming floods if necessary.

 On receipt of flood warning the Relief Commissioner/ Deputy Commissioner concerned will in turn take necessary actions for alerting and evacuating the people likely to be affected.

 During emergency, flood messages may be conveyed by IFCD/ Relief Commissioner/ Deputy Commissioner to All India Radio/Doordarshan Kendra for necessary broadcast.

6.2.3.3 Drought Drought in the Indian region is monitored from the progress of the onset and the withdrawal of the southwest monsoon. Weather forecasts are broadly classified into three categories viz. 1) Short range forecast (validity for less than 3 days), 2) Medium range forecast (validity from 3-10 days), and 3) Long range forecast (validity for more than 10 days)

These forecasts are issued by the Indian Meteorological Department through the All India Radio, the Doordarshan and various Newspapers.

For earthquake and most of the man-made disasters prediction cannot be done so the response activities are initiated immediately after its occurrence.

6.3 Search & Rescue The first priority in the aftermath of a disaster is to minimise loss of lives by undertaking rescue efforts for the affected people and providing medical treatment. People who are trapped under destroyed buildings or are isolated due to any disaster need immediate assistance.

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The Deputy Commissioner, in conjunction with local authorities will be responsible for the search and rescue operations in an affected region. In doing so, the Deputy Commissioner will be guided by relevant disaster management plans and will be supported by Government departments and local authorities. 6.4 Coordination with Armed Forces, Airport Authority of India (AAI) and Indian Railways The management and control of the adverse consequences of any disaster will require coordinated, prompt and effective response systems at the central and state government levels, especially at the district and the community levels.

These agencies (Armed Forces, AAI, and Indian Railways)shall be called upon to assist the civil administration only when the situation is beyond the coping capability of the State Government.

6.5 Subsistence, shelter, health and sanitation

Disasters can disrupt food supply, water supply and sanitation mechanisms. They may also force people to abandon their houses, either temporarily or permanently. Such situations typically result in an immediate need for shelter and protection against an incidence of epidemic.

The relevant Government departments and local authorities would provide temporary shelter, health and sanitation services to rescued victims in order to prevent an outbreak of disease as described in preparedness chapter.

6.6 Infrastructure and essential services Disasters can cripple the infrastructure of the State in terms of roads, public buildings, airfields, communication network etc. An immediate priority after a disaster is to bring the basic infrastructure into operating condition and deal with fires and other hazardous conditions that may exist in the aftermath of the disaster.

The local authorities would work in close coordination with relevant Government departments to restore infrastructure to normal operating condition.

6.7 Security Usually, in a disaster situation, the police and security personnel are preoccupied with conducting search and rescue missions. Some people could take advantage of the situation and resort to looting and other anti-social activities. Consequently, it is necessary that security agencies functioning under the administrative control of the district authorities be geared to prevent this and provide a sense of security to citizens.

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6.8 Communication

The Secretary-in-Charge of Relief& DM, the district administration and local authorities would communicate to the larger community the impact of the disaster and specific activities that are being or need to be undertaken to minimize the impact. Some of these activities could include:  Media management/ PR: To ensure precise communication of the impact of disaster and relief measures being taken and generate goodwill among community and other stakeholders;  Community management: This includes communicating to the affected communities with a view to preventing panic reactions, while providing relevant information and handling welfare enquiries;

 Feedback mechanisms: Using various mechanisms, including the communication network to get feedback on relief measures and urgent needs of various agencies involved in emergency relief measures and relief.

6.9 Preliminary damage assessment In the aftermath of a disaster, the district administration and local authorities receive simultaneous requests for assistance from scores of people and the resources at the disposal of the local administration are over-stretched. Hence, it is necessary to utilize and deploy the resources in the most efficient manner. Such deployment is not possible without undertaking a preliminary damage assessment. Once a disaster strikes, the Government departments and the local authorities shall carry out a preliminary ‘need and loss assessment’ and the district administration shall mobilize resources accordingly.

6.10 Funds generation The funds for relief are available under the State Disaster Response Fund. However, these funds may not be adequate to meet disaster management requirements in the aftermath of large-scale disasters. In such circumstances, the Government of Manipur, apart from seeking Central assistance under National Disaster Response Fund, may explore additional sources of funding through aid, grants, loans etc.

6.11 Finalizing relief assistance It shall include details relating to collection, allocation and disbursal of funds to the affected people. Relief would be provided all the affected families without any discrimination of caste, creed, religion, community or sex whatsoever.

6.12 Post-relief assessment Relief & DM Department, with assistance from Government departments, district administration and local authorities will document learning from the relief experience, which can be inputs into further mitigation, relief or rehabilitation and reconstruction plans. 74

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6.13 VIP involvement and protocol It is important to immediately inform VIPs and VVIPs on impending disasters and current situation during and after disasters. Appeals by VIPs can help in controlling rumours and chaos during the disaster. Visits by VIPs can lift the morale of those affected by the disaster as well as those who are involved in the response. Care should be taken that VIP visits do not interrupt rescue and life saving work. Security of VIPs will be additional responsibility of local police and Special Forces. It would be desirable to restrict media coverage of such visits, in which case the police will liaise with the government press officer to keep their number to minimum.

6.14 Media Management The role of media, both print and electronic, in informing the people and the authorities during emergencies, becomes critical, especially the ways in which media can play a vital role in public awareness and preparedness through educating the public about disasters; warning of hazards; gathering and transmitting information about affected areas; alerting government officials, helping relief organizations and the public towards specific needs; and even in facilitating discussions about disaster preparedness and response. During any emergency, people seek up-to-date, reliable and detailed information.

The State Government shall establish an effective system of collaborating with the media during emergencies. At the State Emergency Operation Centre (SEOC), a special media cell shall be created which shall be made operational during emergencies. Both print and electronic media shall be regularly briefed at predetermined time intervals about the events as they occur and the prevailing situation on ground. A similar set up shall also be activated at the District Emergency Operation Centre (DEOC).

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Chapter 7

Partnership with Other Stakeholders

Disaster Management is an inclusive field and requires contribution from all stakeholders in order to effectively manage the emergency situation. Coordination amongst various stakeholders hence becomes extremely important to achieve the desired results.

There are various agencies / organizations / departments and authorities that constitute a core network for implementing various disaster management related functions / activities. It also includes academic, scientific and technical organizations which have an important role to play in various facets of disaster management. The role and activities of such functionaries and the existing system of coordination established by the State Government with them is mentioned below.

7.1 NDMA  The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), as the apex body in the GoI, has the responsibility of laying down policies, plans and guidelines for DM and coordinating their enforcement and implementation for ensuring timely and effective response to disasters.  The guidelines assist the central ministries, departments and states to formulate their respective plans. It also approves the National Disaster Management plan prepared by the National Executive Committee (NEC) and plans of the central ministries and departments.  It takes such other measures as it may consider necessary, for the prevention of disasters, or mitigation, or preparedness and capacity building, for dealing with a threatening disaster situation or disaster.  It also oversees the provision and application of funds for mitigation and preparedness measures. It has the power to authorize the departments or authorities concerned, to make emergency procurement of provisions or materials for rescue and relief in a threatening disaster situation or disaster. It also provides such support to other countries in times of disasters as may be determined by the central government.  The State keeps in touch with the NDMA for implementing various projects / schemes which are being funded through the Central Government. The State also appraises the NDMA about the action taken by the State Government regarding preparation of DM plans and implementation of guidelines issued by NDMA for various hazards from time to time.

7.2 National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM)  The NIDM, in partnership with other research institutions has capacity development as one of its major responsibilities, along with training, research, documentation and development of a National level information base. It networks with other knowledge-

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based institutions and function within the broad policies and guidelines laid down by the NDMA.

 It organizes training of trainers, DM officials and other stakeholders as per the training calendar finalized in consultation with the respective State Governments.

7.3 National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)  For the purpose of specialized response to a threatening disaster situation or disasters/ emergencies both natural and man-made such as those of CBRN origin, the National Disaster Management Act has mandated the constitution of a National Disaster Response Force (NDRF).  The general superintendence, direction and control of this force is vested in and exercised by the NDMA and the command and supervision of the Force is vested in an officer appointed by the Central Government as the Director General of Civil Defence and National Disaster Response Force. Presently, the NDRF comprises of Ten battalions positioned at different locations across the Country.  NDRF units maintains close liaison with the designated State Governments and areavailable to them in the event of any serious threatening disaster situation. While the handling of natural disasters rests with all the NDRF battalions, four battalions are equipped and trained to respond to situations arising out of CBRN emergencies.  Training centres are also set up by respective paramilitary forces to train personnel from NDRF battalions of respective forces and also meets the training requirements of State/UT Disaster Response Forces. The NDRF units also impart basic training to all the stakeholders identified by the State Governments in their respective locations. In addition, the State Governments also utilize the services of the NDRF whenever required during emergency search, rescue and response.

7.4 Armed Forces  Conceptually, the Armed Forces are called upon to assist the civil administration only when the situation is beyond the coping capability of the State Government. In practice, however, the Armed Forces form an important part of the Government’s response capacity and are immediate responders in all serious disaster situations.  On account of their vast potential to meet any adverse challenge, speed of operational response and the resources and capabilities at their disposal, the Armed Forces have historically played a major role in emergency support functions. These include communication, search and rescue operations, health and medical facilities, and transportation, especially in the immediate aftermath of a disaster. Airlift, heli-lift and movement of assistance to neighboring countries primarily fall within the expertise and domain of the Armed Forces.  The Armed Forces also participates in imparting training to trainers and DM managers, especially in CBRN aspects, high-altitude rescue, watermanship and training of paramedics. At the State and District levels, the local representatives of the Armed Forces may be invited in meetings of SEC and DDMAs, as and when required

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to ensure closer coordination and cohesion in all aspects related to Disaster Management.

7.5 Airport Authority of India (AAI)  When disaster strikes, the airports are quickly overwhelmed with the tons of relief materials (like food, bottled water, medical supplies, cloths, tents, etc.) arriving from all over the world. This material is urgently needed to be in the field.  In such cases, AAI should appoint senior officer at the airport for proper handling and distribution (which includes precise unloading, inventory, temporary storage, security and distribution of relief material) of relief material during a disaster situation.  The AAI shall prepare and provide a list of equipments required for handling the material to Relief& DM Department. The equipments will be procured and maintained at Imphal. Deputation of team of officials along with necessary infrastructure at the airports will be made available by the Secretary-in-charge of Relief & DMfor necessary dispatch and accounting of relief material during emergency situation.

7.6 Indian Railways  In Manipur, Railway transport is yet to become operational. When it does so, it shall be the preferred mode of transport both for the movement of people and relief material in bulk, if accessible. 7.7 India Meterological Department (IMD)

 The India Meteorological Department undertakes observations, communications, forecasting and weather services.  In collaboration with the Indian Space Research Organization, the IMD also uses the Indian National Satellite System (INSAT) for weather monitoring of the Indian subcontinent.  During the cyclone and flood seasons, the State Government keeps close contact with the IMD office for weather related forecasts.  Earthquakes are also reported by the IMD.

7.8 Disaster Management Institute (DMI)

 Disaster Management Institute (DMI), a nodal institute established by the State Government for training and capacity building in Disaster Management.  The DMI conducts training of different stakeholders including Police Personnel, Village Defence Force (VDF) personnel, Home Guards, Community Volunteers, Students and Teachers in Schools/Colleges and other Stakeholders by conducting theory and practical classes on Disaster Management, conducting awareness generation programmes, and conducting training in Search & Rescue and First Aid.

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 Apart from conducting above mentioned activities, it also interacts National Institute of Disaster Management, National Disaster Management Authority, UNDP and Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India, as well as with various Government Departments, Offices of Deputy Commissioners, Manipur University, RIMS, JNIMS, and other institutions for implementing the capacity building and training activities including arranging resource persons for these activities. At present National School Safety Programme is also being implemented by DMI.

7.9 State Disaster Response Force (SDRF)  A proper State Disaster Management Force is yet to be constituted in the State, as the order for constituting it by re-deployment of Excise Staff has been stayed by the Gauhati High Court. However, as a stop gap arrangement, 141 VDF/Home Guard Personnel have been trained in Disaster Management at Manipur Police Training College, to be utilised as SDRF. 7.10 State Fire & Emergency Services  The State Fire & emergency Services are crucial immediate responders during any disaster. They are the first responders (during the Golden Hour after a disaster) and hence play a vital role in saving lives and property immediately after a disaster.  The State Government have therefore paid apt attention in equipping and strengthening the capacities of the Fire Services in responding to various disasters. The State Government have provided fire & emergency equipment to respond immediately after a disaster. Continuous training is also being provided to the fire staff in using and maintaining the equipment.

7.11 Media  It would be possible, through a concerted cooperative effort, to save many lives and reduce human suffering, dislocation, and economic losses simply by better information, communication and awareness.  Timely mass media communication about impending disasters can lead to appropriate individual and community action, which is the key to implementing effective prevention strategies including evacuation and survival of people. Such communications can educate, warn, inform, and empower people to take practical steps to protect themselves from natural hazards.  The role of media, both print and electronic, in informing the people and the authorities during emergencies thus, becomes critical, especially the ways in which media can play a vital role in public awareness and preparedness through educating the public about disasters; warning of hazards; gathering and transmitting information about affected areas; alerting government officials, helping relief organizations and the public towards specific needs; and even in facilitating discussions about disaster preparedness and response. During any emergency, people seek up-to-date, reliable and detailed information.

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 At the State Emergency Operation Centre (SEOC), a special media cell shall be created and made fully operational during emergency situations. Both print and electronic media shall be regularly briefed at predetermined time intervals about the events as they occur and the prevailing situation on ground. The interaction with media is a two way process through which not only the State Government provides the information / updates to the media but the media too, through their own sources / resources draws the attention of the Government officials to the need and requirement of the affected people. This helps the State Government to control the flow of information and prevent rumours which could create a panic situation during the disasters. The State Government shall also partner with the media during Information Education and Communication (IEC) campaigns carried out for creating awareness amongst general public towards the precautions to be taken for prevention and mitigation of various hazards / events. A similar set up shall also be made active at the District Emergency Operation Centre (DEOC).

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Chapter 8

Rehabilitation & Reconstruction

Reconstruction and rehabilitation activities come under the post-disaster phase. These shall be in accordance with the reconstruction and rehabilitation plans framed by the State Government, in conjunction with implementing authorities.

The reconstruction and rehabilitation plan is designed specifically for worst case scenario. It is activated in case of L3 type of disaster in which the capacity of State and District authorities have been overwhelmed and require assistance from the Central Government for re-establishing normalcy in the State.

The key activities in this phase are as below: 8.1 Detailed damage assessment While a preliminary damage assessment is carried out during disaster phase, a detailed assessment must be conducted before commencing reconstruction and rehabilitation activities. The relevant Government departments and local authorities shall initiate detailed assessment at their respective level for damages sustained in housing, industry/services, infrastructure, agriculture, health/ education assets in the affected regions. 8.2 Assistance to restore houses and dwelling units The State Government may, if needed, will formulate a policy of assistance to help the affected to restore damaged houses and dwellings. This should neither be treated as compensation for damage nor as an automatic entitlement. 8.3 Relocation (need based) The district administration, in consultation with the people affected and under the guidance of State Government, shall determine relocation needs taking into account criteria relevant to the nature of the calamity and the extent of damage. Relocation efforts will include activities like:  Gaining consent of the affected population  Land acquisition  Urban/ rural land use planning  Customizing relocation packages  Obtaining due legal clearances for relocation  Getting the necessary authorization for rehabilitation  Livelihood rehabilitation measures for relocated communities, wherever necessary

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8.4 Finalizing reconstruction & rehabilitation plan The effectiveness of any reconstruction and rehabilitation is based on detailed planning and careful monitoring of the relevant projects. The State Governmentshall oversee reconstruction and rehabilitation work and ensure that it takes into account the overall development plans for the state. The State Government shall approve reconstruction and rehabilitation projects based on:  Identification of suitable projects by relevant departments;  Project detailing and approval by the relevant technical authority. 8.5 Funds generation Reconstruction & rehabilitation projects are fairly resource intensive. The State Government shall finalise the fund generation mechanism, including the covenants and measures that govern fund inflow and disbursement and usage. This includes:  Estimation of funds required based on detailed damage assessment reports and consolidation of the same under sectoral and regional heads;  Contracting with funding agencies and evolving detailed operating procedures for fund flow and corresponding covenants. 8.6 Funds disbursement and audit The funds raised from funding agencies are usually accompanied by stringent disbursement and usage restrictions. It is therefore important to monitor the disbursement of such funds to ensure that none of the covenants are breached. The State Government, in conjunction with relevant agencies, shall monitor disbursal of funds by:  Prioritizing resource allocation across approved projects;  Establishing mechanisms (like a chain of banks, collection centres, nature of accounts, spread etc) for collection of funds;  Ongoing monitoring and control of fund usage throughout actual project implementation. 8.7 Project management Since rehabilitation and reconstruction effort typically involves the co-ordinated efforts of several entities, the The State Government shall encourage the respective entities to strengthen program management capabilities to ensure that synergies across and within entities are managed efficiently. In addition, it is also necessary to constantly monitor the activity to ensure that the project is executed on time, in accordance with the technical specifications and to the satisfaction of the beneficiaries. Relief & DM Department, in conjunction with other relevant Government departments, will monitor the reconstruction activity that is carried out by various implementation agencies. Typical implementation activities would include:  Disaster proofing and retrofitting of houses;  Creation/ Retrofitting of structures – including roads, bridges, dams, canals etc that may have been destroyed/ damaged due to the disaster;

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 Restoration of basic infrastructure facilities, for example, ports, airports, power stations etc.;  Creation of health centres, first aid centres, hospitals, groups of doctors and surgeons etc.;  Restoration of the industrial viability of the affected area.;  Restoration of livelihood.

8.8 Information, Education and Communication Communication activities are necessary to convey to the larger community the scope and nature of the proposed reconstruction and rehabilitation effort so as to increase the stakeholder awareness and buy-in for the ongoing activities. Hence, relevant Government departments, district administration and local authorities shall undertake:  Ongoing media management/ Public Relations: To ensure accurate communication of the reconstruction and rehabilitation measures being taken to various stakeholders;  Community management: This includes communicating to the affected communities with a view to appraising them of efforts being made for their relocation/ rehabilitation/ reconstruction;  Feedback mechanisms: Using the communication network to get feedback on reconstruction and rehabilitation measures. 8.9 Dispute resolution mechanisms The State Government, in conjunction with relevant agencies, shall institutionalize mechanisms to address beneficiary grievances at various levels, as well as explore innovative ways of dispute minimisation like involving the community in reconstruction initiatives. Appropriate mechanism with penalties for dealing with false claims will be evolved to prevent misuse of assistance. 8.10 Implementing initiatives for recovery of reconstruction costs The State Government shall finalise and implement select recovery measures such as:  Imposing tax surcharge levies (central);  Imposing local taxes;  Facilitation of funding responsibility sharing by beneficiaries etc.

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Chapter 9

Plan Maintenance

9.1 Introduction Plan maintenance is a dynamic process of updating the plan on a periodic basis. This requires carrying out mock drills and updating the plan based on the lesson learnt as an outcome of the mock exercise which consists of identifying the gaps and putting in place a system to fill the same.

9.2 Plan Testing The Relief& DM Department shall prepare, review and update State Disaster Management Plan as provided for in the DM Act and also ensure that disaster management drills and rehearsals are carried out periodically. While updating the plan every year, the following aspects need to be considered: i) Critical analysis of the outcome of exercises & mock drills as part of plan testing. ii) Incorporation of lessons learnt in the updated plan as an outcome of mock exercises through identification of gaps and measures to fill them. The plan must be thoroughly tested and evaluated on a regular basis once in a year. The plan testing should preferably be organized on the first Monday in the months of May every year. After plan testing and incorporation of lesson learnt, the Relief & DM Department should send a copy of the revised and updated plan to the following officials: (a) Chief Secretary, Government of Manipur (b) Principal Secretary, Relief & DM Department (c) Head of all line Departments (d) State EOC (e) District EOCs (f) SDRF (g) IMD (h) CWC

The main objectives of plan testing are to: (i) Determine the feasibility and compatibility of back up facilities and procedures (ii) Identity areas in the plan that need modification. (iii) Identify training needs of key stakeholders. (iv) Assess the ability of the organizations/departments to respond to disasters. All the departments, which have roles and responsibilities in State Disaster Management Plan, must have a system to ensure that all Officers of their departments who have a specific role to play are fully conversant with their responsibilities/tasks.

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9.3 Debrief and Evaluation-Mock Drills

 After the mock exercise debriefing and evaluation is very important. It is of critical importance that these insights are collected from participants (who participated in the exercise) and used to modify the plan.  Hot debriefing is very effective as it is carried out immediately after the exercise. It also includes documentation in terms of recommendations and improvements of the plan.  The lessons learned from the mock exercise are likely to be similar to those from real events. The only major difference is that exercises are controlled events, specifically designed to test procedures and they can be repeated again and again until sound/workable arrangements are in place.

9.4 Review / Updation of Plan  The State Disaster Management Plan should be reviewed and updated regularly by month of May, based on inputs as under:

(a) Drills and Rehearsals (b) Recommendations from all Depts. in their Annual DM Report (c) Lessons learnt from any disaster event in other states and countries (d) Directions from Ministry of Home Affairs, National Disaster Management Authority, Government of India, etc.

The Relief & DM Department and all other concerned Departments should encourage formal and informal interaction with various stakeholders at different levels to learn and document their experiences, so that such experiences can contribute constructively towards updation of State Disaster Management Plan for further improving the capability to deal with future disasters.

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Annexures

Manipur State Disaster Management Plan Volume 1

Annexure 1

Vulnerability to Natural Hazards: Districtwise

CB District Drought Landslide Stampede Population Forest Fire Earthquake Industrial and Industrial and Road Accidents Dam /Lake Burst Flood/FlashFlood/ Cloud Burst Imphal East 452,661 Imphal West 514,683 Bishnupur 240,363 Thoubal 420,517 Churachandpur 271,274 Chandel 144,028 Senapati 354,972 Tamenglong 140,143 Ukhrul 183,115

Manipur State Disaster Management Plan Volume 1

Annexure 2

List of codes/guidelines for safety of building/structures from natural hazards

As these codes and guidelines are being updated from time to time by different Institutions/organizations therefore the latest updated version shall be referred to at the time of conceiving a project. List has been attempted which may not be complete.

I. For General Structural Safety

1. BIS National Building Code 2005 2. IS: 456:2000 "Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete 3. IS: 800-1984 "Code of Practice for General construction in Steel 4. IS: 801-1975 "Code of Practice for Use of Cold Formal Light Gauge Steel Structural Members in General Building Construction 5. IS 875 (Part 2) : 1987 Design Loads (other than earthquake) for buildings and structures part 2 Imposed Loads 6. IS 875 (Part 4) : 1987 Design Loads (other than earthquake) for buildings and structures part 4 Snow Loads 7. IS 875 (Part 5) : 1987 Design Loads (other than earthquake) for buildings and structures part 5 special load and load combination 8. IS: 883:1966 "Code of Practice for Design of Structural Timber in Buildings 9. IS: 1904:1987 "Code of Practice for Structural Safety of Buildings: Foundation's 10. IS:1905:1987 "Code of Practice for Structural Safety of Buildings: Masonry Walls 11. IS 2911 (Part 1): Section 1: 1979 "Code of Practice for Design and Construction of Pile Foundation Section 1 Part 1: Section 2 Based Cast-in-situ Piles Part 1: Section 3 Driven Precast Concrete Piles Part 1: Section 4 Based precast Concrete Piles Part 2: Timber Piles Part 3: Under Reamed Piles Part 4: Load Test on Piles

II Protection from Cyclones / Wind Storms 12. IS 875 (3) -1987 "Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other than Earthquake) for Buildings and Structures, Part 3, Wind Loads" 13. IS: 15498 - 2004 "Guidelines for construction of cyclone shelters." 14. IS: 15498 - 2004 "Guidelines for improving the cyclonic resistance of low rise houses & other building/structures. 15. Guidelines (Based on IS 875 (3)-1987) for improving the Cyclone Resistance of Low rise houses and other building.

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III For Earthquake Protection 16. IS: 1893-2002 "Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures (Fifth Revision)" 17. IS: 13920-1993 "Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures subjected to Seismic Forces - Code Practice" 18. IS:4326-1993 "Earthquake Resistant Design and Construction of Buildings - Code of Practice (Second Revision)" 19. IS:13828-1993 "Improving Earthquake Resistance of Low Strength Masonry Buildings - Guidelines" 20. IS:13827-1993 "Improving Earthquake Resistance of Earthen Buildings -Guidelines" 21. IS:13935-1993 "Repair and Seismic Strengthening of Buildings - Guidelines"

IV Flood Management / River Valley Projects 22. IS: 4189-1985 "Guide for preparation of project report for river valley projects." 23. IS: 4410 (Part 3): 1988 "Glossary of terms relating to river valley project part 3 River and river training." 24. IS: 4410 (Part 11): Sec 5-1977 "Glossary of terms relation to river valley projects: Part 11 Hydrology Section 5 Floods." 25. IS: 4410 (Part 21): 1987 "Glossary of terms relating to river valley projects: Part 21 Flood control." 26. IS:11532-1995 "Construction and maintenance of river embankments (levees) - Guidelines" 27. IS: 12094 - 2000 "Guidelines for planning and Design of River Embankments (Levees)" 28. IS: 14262 - 1995 "Planning and design of revetments - Guidelines". 29. IS: 5477 (Part 4) : 1971 "Methods for Fixing the capacities or reservoirs: part 4 Flood storage" 30. IS: 7323 - 1994 " Operation of Reservoirs - Guidelines". 31. IS: 8408 - 1994 "Planning and design of groynes in alluvial river - Guidelines". 32. IS: 14815 - 2000 "Design Flood for River Diversion Works - Guidelines".

V Landslide Hazard 33. IS: 14458 (Part 1): 1998 Guidelines for retaining wall for hill area: Part 1 Selection of type of wall. 34. IS: 14458 (Part 2): 1997 Guidelines for retaining wall for hill area: Part 2 Design of retaining? Breast walls. 35. IS: 14458 (Part 3): 1998 Guidelines for retaining wall for hill area: Part 3 Construction of dry stone walls. 36. IS: 14496 (Part 2): 1998 Guidelines for preparation of landslide - Hazard Zonation maps in mountainous terrains: Part 2 Macro-Zonation. 37. IS: 14680: 1999 Guidelines for land slide control. 38. IS: 14948: Code of practice for Reinforcement of Rock Slopes with plain edge of failure 39. BIS 12023: Code of practice for Field Monitoring and Movement of Structures using Tape Extensometer.

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40. BIS: 14804: Guidelines for Sitting, Designing and selection of materials for Residential Building in Hilly Areas. VI For Protection of Saline Embankments and Coastal Canals 41. IS: 8835 - 1978 "Feasibility study and preparation of preliminary project report". 42. IS: 10635 - 1993 (reaffirmed 2003) "Freeboard requirements in embankments and dams". 43. IS: 12169 - 1987 - "Criteria for design of small embankment dams." 44. IS: 8835- 1978: Feasibility study, preparation of 45. IS: 12094 - 1978: Preliminary Project Report 46. IS: 10635 - 1993 (reaffirmed 2003): Freeboard requirements in embankments in embankments and dams. 47. IS: 11532 - 1995 (reaffirmed 2005): Construction and maintenance of river embankments 48. IS: 12094 - 2000 (reaffirmed 2005): Planning and design of river embankment 49. IS: 12169 - 1987: Criteria for design of small embankments dams.

RAILWAY CODES & MANUALS - RDSO PUBLICATIONS

1. RBF - 20: "Estimation of design discharge based on regional flood frequency approach for sub-zones 3(a), 3(b), 3(c), 3(e)". 2. RBF - 22: "50 year 24 hour set of is pluvial maps of India maps of short duration ratios". 3. RBF - 23: "Validation of flood estimation report No.UTN-7-1983 for sub-zone-3 (f)". 4. RBF - 24: "Validation of flood estimation report No.3/1980 for sub-zone-3 (f)". 5. RBF - 25: "Estimation of design discharge based on regional flood frequency approach for sub-zone-3 (f)". 6. RBF - 26: "Validation of flood estimation report No.UGP-9-1984 for sub-zone-1 (e)". 7. RBF - 27: "Validation of design discharge based on regional flood frequency approach for sub-zone-3 (e)". 8. RBF - 28: "Estimation of design discharge based on regional flood frequency approach for sub-zone-3 (i)". 9. RBF - 29: "Estimation of design discharge based on regional flood frequency approach of sub-zone-3 (b)". 10. RBF - 32: "Validation of flood estimation report no.c/16/1988 subzone - 1 (b) (chambal basin)". 11. RBF - 33: "Estimation of design discharge based on regional flood frequency approach for sub-zone-1 (d) (sone basin)". 12. RBF - 34: "Validation of flood estimation report no.S/15/1987 sub-zone-1 (d) (sone basin)". 13. GE - 1: "Guidelines - Erosion control on slopes of banks and cuttings". GE - 6: "Guidelines for earthwork in conversion projects".

Manipur State Disaster Management Plan Volume 1

Annexure 3

List of Indian Road Congress (IRC) Codes/Manuals

1. IRC: 5 -1998 (Seventh Revision) - "Standard specifications and codes of practice for Road, Bridges Section 1 - General features of Design". 2. IRC: 10-1961 - "Recommended Practice for Borrow pits for Road Embankments constructed by Manual Operation". 3. IRC: 34-1970 - "Recommendations for Road Construction in Waterlogged Area". 4. IRC: 36-1970 - "Recommendations Practice for the construction of Earth Embankments for Road Works". 5. IRC: 45-1972 - "Recommendations for Estimating the Resistance of Soil Below the Maximum Scour Level in the Design of well foundations of Bridges". 6. IRC: 52-2001 (Second Revision) - "Recommendations about the Alignment Survey and Geometric Design of Hill Roads." 7. IRC: 56-1974 - "Recommendations Practice for treatment of Embankment Slopes for Erosion Control." 8. IRC: 75-1979 - "Guidelines for the Design of High Embankments." 9. IRC: 78-2000 (Second Revision) - "Standard specifications and Code of practice for road, bridges, section VII - Foundations and substructure. 10. IRC: 89-1997 (First Revision) - "Guidelines for Design and Construction of River Training and Control Works for Road Bridges". 11. IRC: 104-1988 - "Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of Highway Projects". 12. IRC: SP: 13-2004 (First Revision) - "Guidelines for the Design of Small Bridges and Culverts." 13. IRC: SP: 35-1990 - "Guidelines for Inspection and Maintenance of Bridges". 14. IRC: SP: 42-1994 - "Guidelines on Road Drainage". 15. IRC: SP: 50-1999 - "Guidelines of Urban Drainage". 16. IRC: SP: 54 -2000 - " Project preparation Manual for Bridges". 17. IRC: 6 - 2000 - "Standard specifications and code of practice for road bridges - section II Loads & Stresses". 18. IRC: SP: 57 -2001 - "Guidelines for quality systems for road construction." 19. IRC: 28 - 1967 - "Recommendation of road construction in water logged areas". 20. IRC: SP: 26 1984 - "Project preparation manual for bridges". 21. IRC: 87 - 1984 - "Guidelines for design and erection." 22. IRC: 21 - 2000 - "Standard specification and codes for roads and bridges." 23. IRC: SP: 20 - 2002 - "Rural Roads." 24. MORT & H Pocket Book for Highway Engineers, 2002 (Second Revision) 25. IRC: SP33: 1989 Guidelines on supplemental Measures for Design, Detailing & Durability of Important Bridge Structures.

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Annexure 4

Check List for Natural Disaster Impact Assessment

Name of the Project: State: District: Project Estimate Rs. ______(Lacs)

1. Siting of the Project 1.1 Location of Project site  Latitude  Longitude  Height above mean sea level 1.2 Earthquake Zone (Any known geological fault nearby may be listed) 1.3 Flood proneness & Vulnerability:  Past history of floods the area  Observed Highest flood level  Frequency of flooding  Depth of flooding  Duration of flooding  Damage/loss (maximum, average, potential) 1.4 Cyclone Proneness (If close to sea coast) & Vulnerability:  Frequency and Intensity  Wind speed zone - information on highest wind speed  Distance of site from sea coast  Record of past storm surge 1.5 Landslide Proneness & Vulnerability:  Location of Hill slope vis-a-vis the project's location  Past history of landslides,  Possibility of mud flows/rock falls/snow avalanches etc. 1.6 Tsunami proneness (If close to sea coast) & Vulnerability:  Past history 1.7 Existence of Dams or Barrages upstream  Distance from the project. Was dam breach effect considered on the project?  If so, have the dam break analyses been carried out? Has their impact on safety of the project been evaluated?

2. Natural / Type of Project

2.1 All the projects of the natural/type mentioned below are liable to damage by natural disasters and inadequacies of design or any of their components is likely to accentuate the vulnerability of the area to the disasters and / or lead to rise in damage/loss to lives, property, livelihood systems, environment: 92

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 Communications: towers, lines, building  Transportation: Roads, Railways, Bridges, Tunnels  Power: Power houses, sub stations, power lines  Water Resources: Dams, barrages, appurtenant structures, river training structures, Canals  Habitations: townships- planning from the point of view of safety against hazards  Water supply and sanitation projects including water supply and sewer lines  Ports & Harbors  Building projects  Any other

3. Hazards Risk to the Project Have the following been evaluated:  Probable maximum seismicity at site and site dependant seismic design parameters  Probable Maximum storm surge  Probable Maximum wind speed  Probable Maximum precipitation  Probable maximum flood discharge and level  Probability of occurrence of floods, earthquakes, landslides, mud flows, avalanches, cyclones, tsunamis  Soil liquefaction proneness under probable earthquake intensities

4. Mitigation / Reduction of Risk:

4.1 There are specific codes, manuals, guidelines etc. developed by Bureau of Indian Standards, NDMA and concerned organizations for siting, design, construction and maintenance of various types of infrastructures, Indicative and not exhaustive list of some of them is at Annex-2. 4.2 Have the relevant BIS codes and guidelines been complied with? 4.3 Have adequate safeguards to meet the risks of natural hazards as evaluated at Para 3 above, been adopted?

5. Impact of the project on the Environment and the People Has the impact of the environment and the people been studied with respect to the following and what mitigation measures have been adopted? An illustrative but not exhaustive list of scenarios is given below: 5.1 The earthquakes and landslides may damage the pipelines to transport and storages to store harmful and inflammable materials and gases in the project area. Has any study been made to assess the danger to the environment and the people posed by those occurrences? And if so what measures have been proposed? 5.2 The railway lines and roads run across the drainage lines and if adequate waterways at appropriate locations are not provided, it may result in rise in water level and drainage 93

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congestion in up-stream areas. Has this aspect been studied and if so, what mitigation measures have been proposed? 5.3 Land-slides triggered by earthquakes as well as due to inherent instability of slopes accentuated by rains, may lead to blockage of drainage channels and accumulation of water up-stream. These blockages may collapse due to their inherent instability or aided by rains. Men, machines and explosives can also be used to remove blockage and reduce flooding upstream. These lead to sudden release of water and flooding and erosion in down-stream areas. It may be stated whether any study has been carried out in this regard and what mitigation measures have been proposed? 5.4 As all the projects involve acquisition of land and influx of large number of people in the area to take up construction activities, it may result in deforestation and soil erosion. Measures for prevention of deforestation and arresting soil erosion are required to be taken. It may be stated whether any study has been carried out in this regard and what mitigation measures have been proposed? 5.5 If the project involves storage of water, failure of any component may cause flooding and large scale damage to lives, property and infrastructure etc. Please state whether any study has been made and if there is a possibility thereof, what measures have been proposed to meet the eventuality?

Manipur State Disaster Management Plan Volume 1

Annexure 5

General Terminology Used in Weather Bulletins

(A). Intensity of Rainfall Terminology Used. 1. 0.1.mm to 2.4 mm (24 hrs) Very light rain 2. 2.5 mm to 7.5 mm " Light rain. 3. 7.6 mm to 34.9 mm " Light to Moderate rain 4. 35.0 mm to 64.9 mm " Moderate rain 5. 65.0 mm to 124.9mm " Heavy rain 6. Exceeding 125 mm. " Very Heavy rain.

(B) Special distribution of weather phenomenon. Percentage Area Covered Terminology Used 1. 1 to 25 Isolated 2. 26 to 50 Few Places 3. 51 to 75 Many Places 4. 76 to 100 At most Places

(C) Emergency Situation 1. When water level is rising above the danger of H.F.L 2. When intensity of rainfall is above 65 mm /hr 3. When breaches are anticipated and may lead to disaster. 4. When water levels are rising alarmingly.

(D) Evacuation (1) White Signal - Alert condition (2) Blue Signal - Ready for Evacuation (3) Red Signal - Immediate Evacuation

Manipur State Disaster Management Plan Volume 1

Annexure 6

Do’s and Don’ts for various Hazards

Cyclone Safety:

Do’s before and during a cyclone . Have your dwellings checked before a cyclone season starts and carry out whatever repairs that are needed. . Talk to children and explain about cyclones without scaring them. . Create storm awareness by discussing effects of a cyclonic storm with family members so that everyone knows what one can and should do in an emergency. This helps to remove fear and anxiety and prepares everyone to respond to emergencies quickly. . Keep your valuables and documents in containers, which cannot be damaged by water. . Keep information about your blood group. . Keep lanterns filled with kerosene, torches and spare batteries. These must be kept in secure places and handy. . Make plans for people who are either sick, suffer from disabilities, aged and children. . Store up at least seven-day stock of essential food articles, medicines and water supply. . Keep blankets & clothes ready for making beds. Also keep cotton bandages. . Store some wooden boards so that they can be used to cover windows. . Keep trees and shrubs trimmed. Remove damaged and decayed parts of trees to make them resist wind and reduce the potential for damage. Cut weak branches and make winds blow through. . All doors, windows and openings should be secured. . Continue to listen to warning bulletins and keep in touch with local officials. Keep radio sets in working condition. Battery powered radio sets are desirable. . Evacuate people to places of safety when advised. . Take steps to protect your assets. . Store extra drinking water in covered vessels. . Remain calm.

Don’ts during a Cyclone . During the storm do not venture out unless advised to evacuate. . If you have a vehicle and wish to move out of your house, leave early before the onset of a cyclone. It is often best to stay at home. . Avoid remaining on the top floor of dwellings. Stay close to the ground. . Fishermen are advised not to venture out. They should keep boats and rafts tied up in a safe place. . Avoid taking shelters near old and damaged buildings or near trees. . Do not touch power lines. One may get electrocuted. 96

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Do’s after the Cyclone . Watch out for broken glass and other sharp items in debris. . Watch out for snakes and insects. Try to call for help. . Listen to the advice of local officials and emergency workers. . Be sure that the storm has subsided before venturing out. . It is advisable to wait for the "all clear message" on radio and TV networks. . Wait for emergency relief teams to arrive. It may take a little time before relief becomes effective. . Stay away from flooded areas. . Fishermen should wait for at least 24 hours before resuming fishing. . Volunteer to help people who may need assistance like: o Bringing evacuated people back home and in recording damages suffered. o Rendering first aid to the wounded. o Donating blood. o Locating places where dead bodies can be kept until they are disposed off. o Organizing clearing-up so that normalcy returns as soon as possible.

Earthquake safety:

Do’s and don’ts before Earthquake . Tell the facts about earthquake to your family members. . Construct new buildings with earthquake resistant method and strengthen the old buildings. . Insure your house and family members. . Take the training for first aid and fire fighting. . Do not keep cots near the glass window. . Do not keep heavy and fragile things in the shelves. . Do not hang photo frames, mirrors, or glasses up your bed. . Keep your important documents, some cash and necessary articles ready in a bag. . Get your house insured before the earthquake. . Identify special skills of neighbor (medical, technical) so that it can be utilized in emergency.

Do’s and don’ts during Earthquake . Do not panic. . If already inside, than Stay indoors! Get under a heavy desk or table and hang on to it. . If fire breaks out, drop on the floor and crawl towards the exit. . If you are out doors during the quake, keep away from buildings, trees and electricity lines. Walk towards open places, in a calm and composed manner. . If you are driving, quickly but carefully move your car as far out of traffic as possible and stop. Do not stop on or under a bridge or overpass or under trees, light posts, power lines, or signs. Stay inside the car until shaking stops. . If you are in a school, get under a desk or table and hold on.

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Do’s and don’ts after the Earthquake . Do not be afraid of the aftershocks. . Listen to radio-TV and other media for Government Announcements. . Check for injuries to yourself and those around you. Take first aid where you can. . Extinguish fire, if any. . Examine walls, floors, doors, staircases and windows to make sure that the building is not in danger of collapsing. . Do not enter into the unsafe or risky houses or buildings. . Inspect for Gas leaks-If you smell gas or hear blowing or hissing noises, open a window and quickly leave the building. Don’t light your kitchen stove if you suspect a gas leak. . Do not keep telephone lines busy unnecessarily. . Switch off electric lines.

Fire safety:

Do’s . Buy Fireworks from the licensed shop. . Keep fireworks in a closed box. . Store crackers away from source of fire or inflammation. . Follow all safety precautions issued with the fire works. . Go to open spaces like playgrounds, fields for using fire works. . Light them at arm’s length using a taper. . Stand back while lighting the crackers. . Discard used fireworks in a bucket of water. . Keep buckets of water and blankets ready, in case a firebreaks out. . Wear thick cotton clothes for maximum safety from fire. . If clothes catch fire, Stop, Drop and Roll. . In case of uncontrolled fire wrap the victim in a blanket, till it stops. . In case of burns splash tap water (not ice water), the process may be repeated till the burning sensation reduces. . If fingers or toes are burned, separate them with dry, sterile, non-adhesive dressings. . Make sure the burn victim is breathing, if breathing has stopped or if the victim’s airway is blocked then open the airway and if necessary begin rescue breathing. . Elevate the burned area and protect it from pressure and friction. . Cover the area of the burn with a moist sterile bandage, of clean cloth (do not use blanket or towel for healing burns). . Consult the doctor as soon as possible for the proper medication. . Consult an ophthalmologist immediately in case of eye injuries. . Do contact at the Fire Brigade (Tel. No. 101), for getting the details of the doctors on duty during the festival.

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Don’ts . Don’t burn crackers in crowded, congested places, narrow lanes or inside the house. . Don’t let children burst crackers unaccompanied by an adult. . Don’t put fireworks in your pocket or throw them. . Don’t cover crackers with tin containers or glass bottles for extra sound effect. . Don’t dare to examine unburst crackers…leave it!! Light a new cracker. . Don’t show the Dare-devilry of lighting crackers on own hands. . Don’t use fireworks inside a vehicle. . Avoid long loose clothes, as they are fast in catching fire. . Don’t remove burnt clothing (unless it comes off easily), but do ensure that the victim is not still in contact with smoldering materials. . Don’t apply adhesive dressing on the burnt area. . Don’t break the burst blister.

Flood Safety

Do's and Don'ts after flood . There is a possibility of spread of water borne diseases after flood, and hence medical treatment should be taken immediately. . Do not enter deep, unknown waters. . Do not go near the riverbank even after the floodwater has receded. . Sprinkle medicines in the stagnant dirty water. . Inspect your house for any cracks or other damage. Check all the walls, floor, ceiling, doors and windows, so that any chance of house falling down can be known and you can be aware about the immediate danger. . If the floodwater has entered the house or has surrounded the house, then it is advisable not to enter such house. . Keep listening to weather forecast on radio and television. Move to your residence only when instructed by the competent authority. It is not safe to believe that the problems have ended after the flood water have receded . Inform the competent authority/officer for restoration of the necessary connections like gas, electricity, telephone, drainage, etc. . Beware of the various insects or poisonous snakes that may have been dragged inside the house along with the floodwater. . Destroy the food commodities that have been affected by floodwater. . Check properly all the electric circuits, floor level furnace, boilers, gas cylinders, or electric equipments like motor pump etc. Check whether any inflammable or explosive item has not entered along with the floodwater. . Switch off the main electric supply, if any damage is noticed to the electric equipments. . If you find any breakage in the drainage system stop using latrines and do not use tap water. . Do not use polluted water.

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. Sewerage system should be checked and any damage should be repaired immediately so as to curtail spread of diseases. . Empty the water clogged in the basement slowly with help of water pump so that damage to infrastructure can be minimized. . Check gas leakage which can be known by smell of gas or by hearing the sound of leakage; immediately open all windows and leave the house. . Boil drinking water before usage and drink chlorinated water. . Eat safe food. . Rescue work should be undertaken immediately after flood situation as per the instructions. Do not follow any shortcut for rescue work. . Do not try to leave the safe shelter to go back home until the local officials declare normalcy after flood and instructions to return home are not given.

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Annexure 7

List of NGOs involved in Disaster Management in Manipur

SN Name of Organization Name of contact Person & Phone / Fax No Address 1 Society for Sustainable T. Manikomol Singh, Secretary 09862897741 Development, Sagolband Takyel, Imphal. 2 Society for Peace & A. Chitrapriya, Secretary 08794828537 Prosperity, Khagempalli, Imphal.

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Annexure 8

DIRECTORY OF NODAL/ALTERNATE NODAL OFFICERS OF STATE GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Sl. Name of Particulars of Nodal Particulars of Alternate Nodal No. Department Officers. Officers. 1 Agriculture G. Shamu Kabui , Director, Ph. Rajendra Singh Phone: 0385-2452019 Dy. Director (Soil Chemist), Manipur. Add:Lilong Chingkham Add: Kongpal, Imphal East Thoubal Dist. Manipur. Mobile: 9862027340 Mobile: 9612166190 Email: [email protected] 2 Animal Husbandry Dr. Saidokhum Joute, Dr L Arun Singh, & Veterinary. Directorate of Vety &AH Veterinary Officer, Directorate of Add: Veterinary & AH, Imphal. Phone: 0385-2450224 Add: Kwakeithel Soibam Leikai, Mobile: Imphal. Tel: 0385-2450224 Mobile: 09436026226 3 Arts & Culture Dr K Sobita Devi, Director Dr L Dhanabati Devi, Curator Phone 0385-2450306: Off Phone: 0385-2450709 0385-2446253 Mob: 09612169958

4 Command Area K. Monoranjan Singh, DevelopmentAuth Addl. Chief Engineer, ority Tel: 0385-2423078 – Off

5 Commerce & B. John Tlangtinkhuma, Industries Director Tel: 0385-2414220 – Off 0385-2414418 6 Community & Neeta Arambam, Rural Deputy Secretary, Development and 0385-2445469-Off Panchayati Raj 7 Consumer Affairs, M. Yaiskul Meitei M. Meghachandra Singh Food and Public Director OSD (Plg) Distribution Add: Add: Sangaiprou, Imphal. Phone: 0385-2450570 Mobile: 9862072493 Mobile: 8 Cooperation T. Pamei, RCS G. Saratkumar Sharma, DRCS Phone 0385-2451020 Mobile: 0986202214 0385-2414418 Ng. Thaba, ARCS Mobile: 0974436226

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9 Department of W. Rajen Singh, Director Kengoo Zuringla, Deputy Secretary Information & Public Phone: 0385-2450156 off Add: 5th Avenue Dewlahland, Imphal Relations Mob: 09436853696 Mobile: 9856282570 Email:[email protected]. Kamala Devi, U/S, DIPR Add: Soibam Leikai, Meri Leirak, Imphal Tel: 0385-2451164 Mobile: 9862043457 10 Development of ST & SC

11 Economics & L. Arunkumar Singh, Statistics Director 0385-2414419 12 Election O. Nabakishore Singh, CEO 0385-2440255 Off 0385-2440278 Res 13 Education (School) H. Deleep Singh, Director Tel: 2451983 14 Education (U) P. Vaiphei, IAS Director Tel: 2450488 15 Technical Kh. Rachandra Singh, Education and Controller Vocational 0385-2452280 Off Training 0385-2454302 Res 16 Finance RR Rashmi, Addl CS H. Gyan Prakash, Addl. Secretary 0385-2450488 Off 0385-2450501 Off 0385- 17 Fisheries K. Saratkumar Singh, L. Rajendra Singh, Fishery Officer, Director, Mob:09862027269 0385-2414307 Off 0385-2459185 Res 18 Forests & AK Rana, PCCF AK.Jagadishwor Singh, IFS, Environment 0385-2450165 Off Chief Conservator of Forests (Admn & 0385-2459516 Res Planning), Manipur Add: Sagolband Nepra Major

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Leikai,Imphal Tel: 0385-2450934(O) Mob: 9436892364 E-mail: [email protected] 19 General Thamkishore Singh, Administration Commissioner Department 20 Horticulture and K Ngachan, Director, Soil Conservation 0385- 2449765-Off 09856139677-Mobile 09436021887 21 Home Dr J Suresh Babu, Principal Secretary 0385-2450783 Off 0385-2445628 Res 22 Police MK Das, DGP 0385-2451166 Off 0385-2450289 Off 0385-2414832 Res 0385-2449825 Fax

23 Home Guards MK Das, DGP Y Ashok Kumar Singh, CO HG 0385-2451166 Off 0385-2416844 Off 0385-2450289 Off 0385-2414832 Res 0385-2449825 Fax

24 Manipur Police Dwijamani Singh, Director Wireless 0385-2449738 Off

25 Manipur Police P. Doungel, Director Training College 0385-2422902 Off 0385-2444352 Res 26 Fire Service Chandramani Singh L. Nabachandra Singh Director Manipur Fire Sub Officer Manipur Fire Service. Service Add: Luker Mamang Leikai, Imphal Tel: 0385-2451544 (O) West. Tel: 0385-2450101 (O) Mobile: 9436274661 Email: [email protected]

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27 Information Technology 28 Irrigation and Th. Indramani Singh Kh. Ashok Kumar Singh Flood Control Chief Engineer Addl. Chief Engineer -II Department Add: Sangaiprou Mamang Add: Singjamei Thokchom Leikai, Leikai,Airport Road, Imphal. Imphal. 0385 -2450195(O) Tel : 0385-2452947(O) 0385 -2451940(O) Tel: 0385-2440668(R) Tel: 0385-2455461(R) Mobile : 9436026711 Mobile : 9862008946 E-mail: [email protected] 29 Labour E. Tomba Singh, Deputy Labour Commissioner 0385-2311740 Off 0385-2415640 Off 30 Law and Rameshchandra Singh, Legislative Affairs Secretary 0385-2451017 Off 0385-2450727 Res 31 Medical, Health Dr. A. Bijoy Singh Dr Dilip Mukherjee, Deputy Director, and Family Add. Director(PH) Medical Directorate. Welfare Medical Directorate, Imphal Mobile: 09436026188 0385-2414964

32 Minor Irrigation M. Shyambabu Singh, CE K. Ramkumar Singh, EE, (MI Div. No. Add: Tera Sapam Leirak, II), Imphal West Add: Tera Khuraijam Leirak, Imphal E-Mail: West [email protected] Mob: 09856863561 0385-2414433 - Off Mob: 09774031956 33 Minorities and Kh. Dineshchandra Singh, Other Backward Director, Classes 0385-2442539 - Off 34 Municipal N. Gitkumar Singh Administration, Director, Housing & Urban 0385-2421110 – Off Development

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35 Personnel and Barun Mitra, Principal Administrative Secretary, Reforms 0385-2451272 Off 0385-2450079 Res 16 MAHUD

19 PHED M. Imomacha Singh H. Sunil Singh Chief Engineer/ PHED, Addl. CE/PHED, Manipur. Manipur. Add: Chingamakha Irom Leirak, Imphal Add: Keisamthong Top Tel: 0385-2452037 Leirak, Imphal Mobile: 09436027408

21 Power N. Sarat Singh L. Priyokumar Singh CE (Power) Addl. Chief Engineer-II Add: Thangmeiband Add: Pisum Ningom Leirak, Imphal. Yumnam Leikai, Imphal. Tel: 0385-2450887(O) Tel: 0385-2450050 (O) 0385- 2459259(R) 0385-2413675 (R) Mobile: 9436033197 Mobile: 9436025391 Email:[email protected] Email: [email protected] 22 PWD M. Lokendro Singh Ch. Tiken Singh Chief Engineer, Manipur Superintending Survey of Works, Add: First Gate Manipur Add: Singjamei Chingamakong University Canchipur- Chogtham Leikai, Manipur. 795003, Manipur. Tel: 0385-2451163 (O) Tel: 0385-2452589 (O) 0385-2449377 (R) 0385-2435182 (R) Mob: 9862295669 Mob: 9436027089 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

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24 Relief & DM S.L. Lunneilal L. Ibobi Singh Dy. Secretary, (R&DM). Under Secretary(R& DM). Add: Old Lambulane, Imphal. Add: Old Lalambung RIMS Road. Mobile: 9862354957 (A/p) State Guest House, Room No.- 110,Sanjenthong. Mobile: 9856201322 25 Revenue W. Ajit Singh, IAS, Director Settlement & Land Records, 0385-2450523-Off 26 Science & Uttam C. Laishram, Technology Director, 0385-2451816-Off 0385-2454084-Res 27 Sericulture K. Thaibema Devi, Director, 0385-2459314-Off 28 Social Welfare S. Saratkumar Sharma, 0385-2450033-Off 29 Transport B.K. Sharma M. Mani Singh Dy. Director Tpt.(Plg) DTO(IW) Add: Behind Chingmeirong Add: Thoubal Kiyam Siphai Kabui Village eastern Gate, Tel: 0385-2461204 Imphal East, Manipur. Mobile: 9856668457 Mobile: 9436020040 9862564514 9856204005(R) 30 YAS Director, 0385-2422548-Off 31

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ANNEXURE - 9

DIRECTORY OF IMPORTANT CENTRAL MINISTERIES/DEPARTMENTS

SN Ministry/Department Name and Designation of Telephone/Fax Nos. Nodal Officer/Alternate Nodal Officer 1. Ministry of Agriculture, Joint Secretary(DM) 23381503 (O) Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi. Room No. 138 23385784(F) 9899772227(M)

Deputy Secretary (DM), 23384752 (O) Room No. 248-B. 23384555(F) 26167345 (R) 9810640845(M)

Joint Secretary(Admn) 23070306(O) 26266126(R) 9868933325(M) 2 Ministry of Civil Aviation Joint Secretary, 24617692 (O) ‘B’ Block, Rajiv Gandhi Room No. 268 24106344 (R) Bhavan Safdarjung Airport, RAX:3144(O),3708(R) New Delhi. 24654614 (FAX) 9871329871(M)

Joint Secretary, 24610386(O) Room No. 272 24610044(R) RAX:3623(O), 3116(R) 24655839(FAX) 9810866142(M)

Director. 24610366(T/F)-(O) 26254963(R) 9958877322(M) 3 Ministry of Coal, Addl. Secretary 233384887(O) Shastri Bhavan, 26882685(R) New Delhi 23384893(F) 9810722663(M) [email protected]

Advisor (Project) 23386347(O)23329374(R) 23387738(FAX)

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9818315656(M) [email protected] 4 Ministry of Director, CERT-In 24368544(O) Communications and 22323085(R) Information Technology, 24366806(F) Department of Information RAX – 2990 Technology, 6, CGO Complex Senior Director. 24363138(O) Lodhi Road, New Delhi. 26187415(R) 24366806(F) 9899576710(M) 5 Ministry of Defence, Shri Subhash Chandra, 23011410(O) Department of Defence, Joint Secretary (G/Air) 24103862(R) South Block, New Delhi. 23013709(F) RAX: 2287(O) 9717790920(M) 6 Ministry of External Affairs, Joint Secretary(Pers) 23015759(O) South Block, 26421310(R) New Delhi. FAX: 23794427 RAX: 2211(O) 981140011(M)

Joint Secretary(CNV) 23011357(O) 22756955 (R) 23792285(FAX) RAX:- 2326 9871041138(M) 7 Ministry of Environment & Deputy Inspector General 2432016(T/F) (O) Forest (Forest Protection of Forests (FPD) 26265344 (R) Division), Paryavaran 9911020055(M) Bhavan, C.G.O. Complex, [email protected] Lodhi Road, New Delhi – 110003. Assistant Inspector 24361668(T/F)(O) General of Forests(FPD) 9999163337(M) [email protected]

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8 Ministry of Health & Family Joint Secretary. 23062579(T/F) (O) Welfare, Directorate of 26113750(R) Health Services, Nirman Bhavan, New Delhi. Joint Secretary. 23061447 (O) 24677229 (R)

Director (EMR) 23061302 (O) 23073467 (R) 9868629799

CMO(EMR), DGHS 23061469 (O) 24107325 (R) 9818988281(M) 9 Ministry of Home Affairs, Director (NDM -1) 23092696(O) National Disaster 26266708(R) Management Division, 23092696 (FAX) North Block, New Delhi. Director (NDM-II) 23092670 (O) 2452539(R)

Director (IS) (Nodal 23092159 (O) Officer for Management of 26257473 (R) manmade disasters)

Secretary, NDMA Tel: Off: 26701710/26701711 NDMA Fax: 26701716

Joint Secretary & Advisor (Mitigation), NDMA Tel: Off: 26701816 Fax: 26701820 Mob: 9958867155 10 Ministry of Petroleum & Joint Secretary 23382583(O) Natural gas, Shastri Bhavan, 66151866 (R) New Delhi. Fax: 23073475 9818672326 (M)

Director (GP) 23381029 (O) 26177083 (R) 2338481 (F) 9818891000(M)

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11 Ministry of Power, Shram S Joint secretary (OM) 23710389 (O) Bhavan, New Delhi. 23731266 (FAX) 26876633 (R) 9650293193 (M) Sudhir,[email protected]

Director (OM) 26266166 (R) 23716674(T/F) [email protected] 12 Ministry of Railways 263, EDTT (M) 23388146 (O) Rail Bhavan, Raisina Road, 23385169(Fax) New Delhi – 110001. 9910487521 (M)

EDTT (S)/Railway Board 23384260(O) 23303872 (F) 9910487487464 (M) 13 Ministry of Shipping, Joint Secretary 23711873 (O) Department of Shipping, 24101078 (R) Transport Bhavan, Sansad 23328549 (FAX) Marg, New Delhi 9810505633 (M)

Joint Secretary 23710189 (O) 23722885 (FAX) 24122685(R) 991060334 (M) 14 Ministry of Road Transport & Highways.

15 Department of Space, Project Director, NDEM 040-23884252 (O) Antariksh Bhavan, National remote Sensing 040-27768542 (R) Bangalore. Centre, Balanagar. 040-23870445 (FAX) Hyderabad - 500625 09441286607 (M) 16 Ministry of Water Joint Secretary. 011-23711988 (O) Resources, Shram Shakti 011-27944024 (R) Bhavan, Rafi Marg, 011-23710253(FAX) New Delhi Director (GA) 23766135 (T/F) (O) Room No. 425 95120-4100918 (R) 17 Ministry of Mines

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Annexure-10

DIRECTORY OF DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITIES

SN DDMA STD Officials Phone Phone Phone Mobile e- Code (O) (R) (FAX) mail 1 Imphal West 0385 Shri K. Radhakumar Singh, DC Addl DC SP CMO 2 Imphal East 0385 Shri RK Dinesh Singh, DC Addl. DC SP CMO 3 Thoubal Shri T. Ranjit Singh, DC Addl. DC SP

CMO 4 Bishnupur Shri Jason Shimray, DC Addl. DC SP CMO 5 Churachandpur Ms Jacintha Lazarus, DC

Addl. DC SP CMO 6 Tamenglong Shri C Arthur, DC Addl. DC SP Dr Chambo 112

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Gonmei, CMO 7 Senapati Shri PK Jha, DC Addl. DC SP CMO 8 Ukhrul Shri Shailesh Chaurasia, DC Addl. DC Shri Kabib SP CMO 9 Chandel Shri Th. Chitaranjan Singh, DC Addl. DC SP

CMO

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Annexure 11

Format for Damage & Loss Assessment

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Annexure 12

Work Programme under State Annual Plan for Relief & DM Departement, Govt. of Manipur for the Year 2013-14.

No. 1/COM/RLF/DM/2005-Vol-II GOVERNMENT OF MANIPUR SECRETARIAT: RELIEF & DISASTER MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT Imphal, the 4th October’ 2013

WORK PROGRAMME FOR ANNUAL PLAN 2013-14.

Rs. 40.00 Lakhs have been allocated to the Relief and Disaster Management Department for capacity building activities under the Annual Plan 2013-14 which shall be utilised as follows:

1. Purchase of two vehicles: Finance Department, citing financial constraints, had not released Rs. 40.00 Lakh earmarked in the Annual Plan 2011-12 for purchase of seven vehicles even after approval of SEC and Economy Board. Last year only one vehicle could be purchased as Finance Department released only 50% of the Plan Funds. At least two more vehicles are urgently required for the Department and Disaster Management Institute...... Rs. 12.00 Lakh.

2. The following Disaster Risk Reduction activities are proposed to be undertaken: A) Training in Disaster Management (First Aid) to Community Volunteers: The Disaster Management Training (First Aid) for 5 days to Community Volunteers will be imparted through Community Based Organizations. Each batch shall consist of 20 volunteers. 10 such batches shall be trained @ Rs. 50,000/- per training ………………………… Rs 5.00 Lakh.

B) Training in Disaster Management (Search & Rescue) to Community Volunteers: The Disaster Management Training (Search & Rescue) for 5 days to Community Volunteers will be imparted through Community Based Organizations. Each batch shall consist of 20 volunteers. 10 such batches shall be trained @ Rs. 50,000/- per training……. Rs 5.00 Lakh.

C) Training of Police Personnel in Police Stations in Disaster Management: The Police is the first official organization to reach the site of a disaster. The Department has therefore started training police personnel in different police stations in Disaster Management. 30 batches of 30 Police Personnel each are proposed to be trained @ Rs. 21,000.00 per batch……….……………………………………………...... Rs. 6.30 Lakh.

D) Awareness campaign: Awareness is the primary requirement for any successful capacity building programme. So far as Disaster Management is concerned, this programme needs mass awareness generation amongst the general public at different levels at regular intervals. 116

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This shall be done through workshops, seminars, lecture-demonstrations, hoardings and non- lit boards, quiz and essay contests etc. in schools and colleges and knowledge dissemination through posters/pamphlets, cable TV, AIR and DDK etc. Any savings here shall be transferred to conduct training in disaster management activities…………..…Rs. 4.00 Lakh.

E) Sensitization/Training/Mock drills for different Stakeholders in Disaster Management: It is proposed to arrange Awareness generation cum training/mock drills for different stakeholders like the students in secondary schools/colleges, NCC cadets, NSS Volunteers, Bharat Scouts/Guides and other such groups on different aspects of disaster management including DM Plan preparations and testing at different levels. ……………………………………………………………………………..Rs. 4.00 Lakh.

3. Administrative Cost: This shall include remuneration to two contractual employees (Driver cum Peons) and other miscellaneous office expenditure…………….…….… Rs. 3.70 Lakh.

(A. Romita Devi) Under Secretary (Relief & Disaster Management) Government of Manipur

Copy to:

1. Secretary to Chief Minister Govt. of Manipur. 2. PS to Chief Secretary, Govt. of Manipur. 3. Principal Secretary, Relief & Disaster Management, Govt. of Manipur. 4. Director, Planning, Govt. ofManipur. 5. State Project Officer, Relief & Disaster Management Department, Govt. of Manipur

iGovernment of Manipur, "Official Website ".

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