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POLICY and INSTITUTIONAL ASSESSMENT of SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT in FIVE COUNTRIES Cyprus, Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, Tunisia

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POLICY and INSTITUTIONAL ASSESSMENT of SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT in FIVE COUNTRIES Cyprus, Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, Tunisia POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL ASSESSMENT OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN FIVE COUNTRIES Cyprus, Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, Tunisia Cedare Blue Plan Regional Activity Centre Sophia Antipolis, Decemberr 2002000 Regional Study on Policies and Institutional Assessment of Solid Waste Management in Egypt By : Mr. Munir BUSHRA The Study was coordinated by CEDARE and revised by The Dutch NGO, WASTE- Advisors on Urban Environment and Development PNUE Policy and Institutional Assessment of Solid Waste Management in Five Countries Egypt TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................6 LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................7 Introduction .............................................................................................................................8 1. Basic Background Information ........................................................................................9 1.1 Physical geographical conditions:.............................................................................9 1.2 Demographic development: .....................................................................................9 1.3 Economic conditions: ............................................................................................10 1.4 Socio-cultural setting: ............................................................................................10 1.5 Political structure:..................................................................................................11 2. Regulatory and Policy Environment...............................................................................11 2.1 Laws and Regulations for Solid Waste Management ...............................................11 2.2 Plans and Strategies for Solid Waste Management: ................................................13 2.2.1 National Policies regarding Solid Waste Management:.............................13 Main principles: .....................................................................................................................14 Specific Objectives:......................................................................................................15 2.2.2 National Programmes and Projects:............................................................16 2.2.3 Projects Funded by International Donors:..................................................16 3. Institutional and Financial Frameworks..........................................................................17 3.1 Stakeholders Involved in Solid Waste Management: ...............................................17 3.2 Institutional Structure for Solid Waste Management:................................................18 The Role of EEAA:.................................................................................................................19 The Role of Local Governorates: ............................................................................................19 3.3 Staff and Management Involved in Solid Waste Management: .................................19 3.4 Conditions for Private Sector Involvement: ..........................................................20 3.5 Financial Resources for Solid Waste Management:..............................................21 4. Private Sector Profile ...................................................................................................21 4.1 Formal Private Sector: ...........................................................................................21 4.1.1 General:.......................................................................................................21 4.1.2 Income and Employment:...........................................................................22 4.1.3 Involvement of international companies:...................................................23 4.2 Informal Private Sector: .........................................................................................24 4.2.1 General:.......................................................................................................24 4.2.2 Income and employment: ...........................................................................25 4.2.3 Organizations Representing the Zabbaleen: ...............................................26 5. Current Solid Waste Management Practices ..................................................................26 5.1 Practices at the National Level: ..............................................................................26 5.1.1 Waste Generation at the National Level:....................................................26 5.1.2 Waste Characteristics at National Level:....................................................28 5.1.3 Waste Collection and Transfer at National Level: .....................................30 5.1.4 Treatment and Disposal at National Level: ................................................31 5.1.5 Recovery and Recycling at National Level: ...............................................32 5.1.6 Hazardous Waste Management at National Level: ....................................33 5.2 Current Solid Waste Management Practices in Cairo Governorate: ..........................33 5.2.1 Waste Generation in Cairo Governorate: ...................................................33 5.2.2 Waste Characteristics in Cairo Governorate: ............................................33 5.2.3 Waste Collection and Transfer in Cairo Governorate:...............................34 5.2.4 Treatment and Disposal in Cairo Governorate:..........................................34 5.2.5 Recovery and Recycling in Cairo Governorate:.........................................35 5.2.6 Hazardous Waste Management in Cairo Governorate:..............................35 5.3 Current Solid Waste Management Practices in Alexandria Governorate: ..................35 5.3.1 Waste Generation in Alexandria Governorate:...........................................35 Blue Plan – Egypt Final Report 3 Policy and Institutional Assessment of Solid Waste Management in Five Countries Egypt 5.3.2 Waste Characteristics in Alexandria Governorate:.....................................35 5.3.3 Waste Collection and Transfer in Alexandria Governorate:......................35 5.3.4 Treatment and Disposal of Waste in Alexandria Governorate:..................37 5.3.5 Recovery and Recycling in Alexandria Governorate:................................38 5.3.6 Hazardous Waste Management in Alexandria Governorate:.....................38 5.4 Current Solid Waste Management Practices in Sohag Governorate:.........................38 5.4.1 Waste Generation in Sohag Governorate:..................................................39 5.4.1.1. Urban Waste................................................................................................................................39 5.4.1.2 Rural Waste:................................................................................................................................40 5.4.2 Waste Characteristics in Sohag Governorate:............................................41 5.4.3 Waste Collection and Transfer in Sohag Governorate:..............................43 5.4.4 Treatment and Disposal of Waste in Sohag Governorate:..........................45 5.4.5 Recovery and Recycling in Sohag Governorate:........................................46 5.4.6 Hazardous Waste Management in Sohag Governorate:.............................47 5.5 Current Solid Waste Management Practices in Dakahlia Governorate: .....................49 5.5.1 Waste Generation in Dakahlia Governorate:..............................................49 5.5.2 Waste Characteristics in Dakahlia Governorate:........................................51 5.5.3 Waste Collection and Transfer in Dakahlia Governorate:..........................51 5.5.4 Treatment and Disposal in Dakahlia Governorate: ....................................55 5.5.5 Recovery and Recycling in Dakahlia Governorate:...................................55 5.6 Current Solid Waste Management Practices in Fayoum Governorate: ......................56 5.6.1 Waste Generation in Fayoum Governorate:...............................................56 5.6.2 Waste Characteristics in Fayoum Governorate:.........................................56 5.6.3 Waste Collection and Transfer in Fayoum Governorate:...........................56 5.6.4 Treatment and Disposal in Fayoum Governorate:......................................57 5.6.5 Waste Recovery and Recycling in Fayoum Governorate:..........................57 5.6.6 Hazardous Waste Management in Fayoum Governorate:..........................59 6. Performance Assessment and Analysis.........................................................................59 6.1 Introduction:..........................................................................................................59 6.2 Regulations and Environmental Policies: ................................................................59 6.3 Institutional Sustainability:......................................................................................60 6.3.1 Able Local Governments with Capable Staff:............................................60 6.3.2 Salary and Incentive Structure of Local Authorities:.................................60 6.3.3 Public Awareness of The Environmental Impacts of Solid Waste Management:............................................................................................................61
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