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Dopady Různosti Obřadů V Manželských Kauzách Na Církevním Soudu

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Dopady Různosti Obřadů V Manželských Kauzách Na Církevním Soudu UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE KATOLICKÁ TEOLOGICKÁ FAKULTA Miloš Szabo Dopady různosti obřadů v manželských kauzách na církevním soudu Disertační práce Vedoucí práce: prof. JUDr. Antonín Hrdina, DrSc. 2014 Prohlášení 1. Prohlašuji, že jsem předkládanou práci zpracoval samostatně a použil jen uvedené prameny a literaturu. 2. Prohlašuji, že práce nebyla využita k získání jiného titulu. 3. Souhlasím s tím, aby práce byla zpřístupněna pro studijní a výzkumné účely. V Praze dne 25. 11. 2014 2 Bibliografická citace Dopady různosti obřadů v manželských kauzách na církevním soudu [rukopis]: disertační práce / Miloš Szabo; vedoucí práce: Antonín Hrdina. – Praha, 2014. – 187 s. (+ 74 s. příloha) Anotace Křesťanství se z Jeruzaléma šířilo několika směry. Jedno z jeho nejvlivnějších center vzniklo v Římě, jenž se stal také sídlem papežů a zůstal jím i po přesídlení císaře do tehdy řecké Konstantinopole. Kromě Říma, spjatého s apoštolem Petrem však existovaly i další velké křesťanské obce, založené ostatními apoštoly, ležící na východ od římské říše, které se stejně jako ta římská nazývaly církví. A tak i dnes kromě největší latinské (římské) církve existují desítky východních, právem se chlubících vlastní apoštolskou tradicí. V průběhu dějin došlo několikrát k narušení jejich komunikace s Římem, ale i mezi sebou navzájem. V dnešní době, kdy z různých důvodů dochází k velkým migračním vlnám, se některá církevní společenství, doposud považována striktně za východní, dostávají do diaspory s latinskou církví, čímž vzniká nejen velká pravděpodobnost růstu počtu smíšených intereklesiálních manželství, ale zároveň také zvýšené množství manželských kauz, které bude muset následně řešit církevní soud. Aby jeho rozhodnutí bylo spravedlivé, je potřebné znát jak historii těchto východních církví, mezi nimiž je i dvacet dva sjednocených s Římem (tedy východní katolické církve), tak i především jejich teologická specifika, spiritualitu a partikulární právo. O to vše usiluje tato práce, ve svém závěru srovnávající pohled sjednoceného i nesjednoceného křesťanského Východu s pohledem latinského Západu jak na uzavírání manželství, tak i na jeho rozpad a zánik. Klíčová slova Východ – Západ – manželství – obřad – tradice – ekumenismus – intereklesiální – církevní soud 3 Abstract Impacts of diversity of rites on matrimonial cases at ecclesiastical courts. Christianity spread in different directions from Jerusalem. One of its most influential centers established in Rome, which became also the seat popes, and remained so even after the relocation of the emperor in Constantinople (at the time of Greek). Apart from Rome, linked to the apostle Peter, however, there were some large Christian communities founded by other apostles. These communities, located to the east of Roman Empire, were called also the Church as the Roman one. And so nowadays except the largest Latin (Roman) Church, there are dozens of the Eastern Churches, and they rightly pride on its own apostolic tradition. Throughout history, disrupting their communications with Rome occurred several times, but also with each other. Currently, when a large migration waves occur for various reasons, some ecclesiastical communities, so far regarded as strictly east, get into the Diaspora with the Latin Church. This creates not only a high probability of growth of mixed intereclesiastic marriages but also to increase the amount of matrimonial cases, which ecclesiastical court will have to deal with subsequently. In order to make its ruling righteous, it is necessary to know both the history of the Eastern Churches, among them a twenty-two have been united with Rome (the Eastern Catholic Churches), and particularly their theological specifics, spirituality and particular law. This thesis aspires to deal with all these aims, and in its conclusion, it compares a view of the unified and ununified Christian East with a view of the Latin West both to marriage concluding, as well as to its disintegration and termination. Keywords East - West - Marriage - Rite - Tradition - Ecumenism - Interecclesial - Ecclesiastical Court Počet znaků (včetně mezer): 731 152 4 Poděkování Kromě profesora Antonína Hrdiny, který byl v uplynulých letech nejen mým školitelem a vedoucím práce, ale též velkým vzorem právníka, teologa a pedagoga, patří zvláštní dík profesorům dr. Leszkovi Adamowiczovi, mimořádnému profesoru katedry práva východních katolických církví na KUL v Lublině, dr. Gerardu Kruipovi z katedry antropologie a sociální etiky na JGU v Mainzu a J. E. profesoru Cyrilu Vasiľovi z Papežského východního institutu v Římě, kteří mi umožnili bádání na svých prestižních institutech a mateřských univerzitách. 5 Obsah Úvod ............................................................................................................................. 9 1. Různost obřadů ....................................................................................................... 14 1.1. Pojem církev a obřad ...................................................................................... 14 1.2. Západní obřad ................................................................................................. 18 1.3. Východní obřady............................................................................................. 21 1.4. Východní syrské církve .................................................................................. 23 1.4.1. Asyrská církev Východu .............................................................................. 23 1.4.2. Křesťané sv. Tomáše ................................................................................... 24 1.5. Předchalkedonské církve ................................................................................ 25 1.5.1. Arménská apoštolská církev ........................................................................ 26 1.5.2. Koptská pravoslavná církev ......................................................................... 27 1.5.3. Etiopská pravoslavná církev ........................................................................ 28 1.5.4. Eritrejská pravoslavná církev ....................................................................... 29 1.5.5. Syrská pravoslavná církev ........................................................................... 30 1.5.6. Malankarská syrská pravoslavná církev ...................................................... 31 1.6. Pravoslavné církve .......................................................................................... 32 1.6.1. Konstantinopolský patriarchát ..................................................................... 34 1.6.2. Alexandrijský patriarchát ............................................................................. 35 1.6.3. Antiochijský patriarchát ............................................................................... 37 1.6.4. Jeruzalémský patriarchát .............................................................................. 38 1.6.5. Ruská pravoslavná církev ............................................................................ 39 1.6.6. Srbská pravoslavná církev ........................................................................... 41 1.6.7. Rumunská pravoslavná církev ..................................................................... 43 1.6.8. Bulharská pravoslavná církev ...................................................................... 44 1.6.9. Gruzínská pravoslavná církev ...................................................................... 45 1.6.10. Kyperská pravoslavná církev ..................................................................... 46 1.6.11. Řecká pravoslavná církev .......................................................................... 48 1.6.12. Polská pravoslavná církev ......................................................................... 49 1.6.13. Albánská pravoslavná církev ..................................................................... 50 1.6.14. Pravoslavná církev v českých zemích a na Slovensku .............................. 52 1.6.15. Pravoslavná církev v Americe ................................................................... 53 1.6.16. Pravoslavná církev Hory Sinaj .................................................................. 55 1.6.17. Finská pravoslavná církev ......................................................................... 56 1.6.18. Japonská pravoslavná církev ..................................................................... 57 1.6.19. Čínská pravoslavná církev ......................................................................... 58 1.6.20. Estonská pravoslavná církev ...................................................................... 59 1.6.21. Americká karpatsko-ruská pravoslavná diecéze USA ............................... 60 1.6.22. Ukrajinská pravoslavná církev v USA ....................................................... 61 1.6.23. Ruský pravoslavný exarchát v Západní Evropě ........................................ 62 1.6.24. Albánská pravoslavná diecéze v Americe ................................................. 63 1.6.25. Ukrajinská pravoslavná církev v Kanadě .................................................. 64 1.6.26. Starověrci ................................................................................................... 64 1.6.27. Ukrajinská pravoslavná církev Kyjevského patriarchátu a Ukrajinská autokefální pravoslavná církev .............................................................................. 65 1.6.28. Běloruská autokefální pravoslavná církev ................................................
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