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Perspectives in Mexican American Studies Community, Identity and Education Item Type Book Authors Garcia, Juan R.; Gelsinon, Thomas Publisher Mexican American Studies & Research Center, The University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ) Journal Perspectives in Mexican American Studies Rights Copyright © Arizona Board of Regents Download date 02/10/2021 19:00:00 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624815 Perspectives in AmericanMen Studies - Community, Identity and Education Perspectives in Mexican American Studies is an ongoing series devoted to Chicano /a research. Focusing on Mexican Americans as a national group, Perspectives features articles and essays that cover research from the pre -Columbian Era to the present. All selections published in Perspectives are refereed. Perspectives is published by the Mexican American Studies & Research Center at the University of Arizona and is distributed by the University of Arizona Press, 1230 N. Park Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85719. Individual copies are $15. Subscriptions to Perspectives (3 issues) are $39 for individuals and $60 for institutions. Foreign individual subscriptions are $42 and foreign institutional subscriptions are $66. For subscription orders, contact the Mexican American Studies & Research Center, 315 Douglass Building, the University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721. Manuscripts and inquiries should be sent to Professor Juan R. García, Department of History, the University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721. For additional information, call MASRC Publications (602) 621 -7551. Perspectives is abstracted and indexed in Historical Abstracts, and America: History and Life. Copyright© 1992 by The Arizona Board of Regents. All rights reserved. ISSN 0889 -8448 ISBN 0- 939363 -03 -8 PERSPECTIVES IN MEXICAN AMERICAN STUDIES Volume 3 1992 Mexican American Studies & Research Center The University of Arizona Tucson COMMUNITY, IDENTITY AND EDUCATION Editor Juan \. García AssocaaleJ ditár` Thomas Gelsinon TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction vii Ralph Cintron Divided, Yet a City: A Brief History 1 Irene Campos Carr Mexican Workers in Aurora: The Oral History of Three Immigration Waves, 1924 -1990 31 June Webb -Vignery A Grande Dame Stripped of Her Jewels: The Last Days of Jacome's Department Store 53 David L. Torres and The Quest for Power: Hispanic Melissa Amado Collective Action in Frontier Arizona 73 Sylvia Rodríguez The Hispano Homeland Debate Revisited 95 Francisco H. Vázquez Chicanology: A Postmodern Analysis of Meshicano Discourse 117 Roseann Dueñas Language Rights and The Mexican González, Victoria F. Americans: Much Ado About Vásquez and John Bichsel Nothing 149 Mary A. Alexander and Factors Related to Obesity in Jacqueline Blank ShermanMexican American School Children 169 David J. León and A Precursor to Affirmative Action: Dan McNeil Californios and Mexicans in the University of California, 1870 -72 179 INTRODUCTION Volume III of Perspectives in Mexican American Studies focuses on the themes of community, identity and education. Several of the selections incorporate all three of these strains to describe how each has influenced and shaped the experiences of Mexican Americans. The themes of community, identity and education are central to the articles by Ralph Cintron and Irene Campos Carr. In "Divided, Yet a City: A Brief History of Aurora, Illinois" and "Mexican Workers in Aurora: The Oral History of Three Immigration Waves, 1924 -1990," Cintron and Carr, respectively, survey the development of a midwest- ern Mexican community from the early 1900s through 1990. These two studies, which are part of a larger research project, examine the Mexi- can, Mexican American and Latino experience in Aurora from different perspectives. Cintron's research focuses upon education and literacy in tracing the history of Mexican immigrants in the community. Carr's work draws upon oral histories of mexicana immigrant workers in Aurora to describe the different waves of immigration. Both essays, which are based on oral histories, delineate the impact of these migra- tions on the social, cultural and economic life of the community during this century. The element of community is also present in June Webb -Vignery's "A Grande Dame Stripped of Her Jewels: The Last Days of Jacome's Department Store," which is a chapter excerpted from her larger study, Jacome's Department Store: Business and Culture in Tucson, Arizona, 1896 -1980. The article traces the changes and forces, both economic and cultural, that led to the closing of this community institution in 1980. In "The Quest for Power: Hispanic Collective Action in Frontier Arizona," David L. Torres and Melissa Amado focus on the Mexican elite in Tucson at the turn of the century. They describe the attempts of this commercially and business -oriented group to ward off U.S. cultural domination. By examining U.S. and Mexican forms of capitalism, the vii PERSPECTIVES IN MEXICAN AMERICAN STUDIES authors describe how the elite attempted to retain a Mexican -based culture that recognized the primacy of the community rather than individual rights and freedoms. This struggle, they conclude, actually served to unify the Mexican elite and el pueblo (i.e. the proletariat). Sylvia Rodriguez's "The Hispanic Homeland Debate Revisited" fo- cuses on the question of identity. She seeks to place the fervent academic debate about the ethnic distinctness of Hispanic New Mexi- cans within a clearer analytic framework. The essay also examines the interactive process by which this notion of distinctiveness evolved or developed. In a related vein, Francisco H. Vázquez also ponders the question of identity, and its relationship to power and knowledge in "Chicanology: A Postmodern Analysis of Meshicano Discourse." The author presents a philosophical and theoretical discourse on how power and knowledge are manifested and exercised. The essay relates how these concepts have shaped and influenced mesbicano discourse (the term is used to emphasize the relation of language to power), Chicanology, and Chicano Studies. Language and culture are central elements that define a community. They are also substantive parts of one's identity. For Mexican Ameri- cans, language retention has been a cardinal principle in their struggle to preserve their cultural heritage. The battle over language rights has been lengthy and acrimonious. Roseanne Dueñas González, Victoria F. Vásquez, and John Bichsel discuss the history of this issue and its outcomes in "Language Rights and the Mexican Americans: Much Ado About Nothing." They argue that the conflict has shifted attention from and jeopardized the more important issue of equal access rights for Mexican Americans. Health within the Mexican American and Hispanic community has been largely neglected and ignored by researchers. What does exist is largely impressionistic and based upon a paucity of accurate empirical data. As a result, little is known about the health status, needs and use of health care services by Mexican Americans.Even less is known about health care practices and beliefs that are culturally based. In their study of "Factors Related to Obesity in Mexican American School Children," Mary A. Alexander and Jacqueline Blank Sherman examine the values, customs and beliefs associated with health and nutrition among Mexican Americans. They then detail the social, cultural and economic factors associated with childhood obesity, and describe their impact on the health of school -age children. viii INTRODUCTION The research of David J. León and Dan McNeill will surprise many readers with its premise that affirmative action programs are not unique to the latter part of the twentieth century. "A Precursor to Affirmative Action: Californios and Mexicans in the University of California, 1870- 1872," describes the development of a program designed to help students pass the strict entrance requirements of the newly formed University of California. This program, known as the "Fifth Class," was a sub -freshman grade that enrolled a number of Spanish- surnamed students. León and McNeill describe the program, the backgrounds and experiences of the students who participated in it between 1870 and 1872. The theses, ideas and issues raised in this issue remain of critical importance to Mexican Americans. It is the editors' hope that these works will stimulate further research and promote greater discussion. We are grateful to the authors for providing us with timely, provoca- tive, and insightful articles and essays. The editors also wish to acknowledge Dr. Macario Saldate, Director of the Mexican American Studies & Research Center at the University of Arizona. His continuing support of this publication, and his Center's commitment to research, education and community service have been immeasurable. A special note of thanks goes to my co- editor, Thomas Gelsinon, whose editorial skills, insights, and labors on Volume III, and on the series have greatly lightened the workload involved in publish- ing each issue. His help has also made the task pleasurable and rewarding. I look forward to collaborating with him on the next issue of Perspectives. Juan R. García, Series Editor Tucson, Arizona April 1992 ix Authors' Preface Information for the following two essays emerged, in part, from an oral history project organized by Irene Campos Carr, Ralph Cintron, and Susan Palmer, and partially funded by the Illinois Humanities Council. The project consisted of seven interviews (sixteen hours of audiotape) with representatives from the three waves of Mexican immigration to Aurora, Illinois. The interviews
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