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American Aviation Heritage
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior National Historic Landmarks Program American Aviation Heritage Draft, February 2004 Identifying and Evaluating Nationally Significant Properties in U.S. Aviation History A National Historic Landmarks Theme Study Cover: A Boeing B-17 “Flying Fortress” Bomber flies over Wright Field in Dayton, Ohio, in the late 1930s. Photograph courtesy of 88th Air Base Wing History Office, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. AMERICAN AVIATION HERITAGE Identifying and Evaluating Nationally Significant Properties in U.S. Aviation History A National Historic Landmarks Theme Study Prepared by: Contributing authors: Susan Cianci Salvatore, Cultural Resources Specialist & Project Manager, National Conference of State Historic Preservation Officers Consultant John D. Anderson, Jr., Ph.D., Professor Emeritus, University of Maryland and Curator for Aerodynamics, Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum Janet Daly Bednarek, Ph.D., Professor of History, University of Dayton Roger Bilstein, Ph.D., Professor of History Emeritus, University of Houston-Clear Lake Caridad de la Vega, Historian, National Conference of State Historic Preservation Officers Consultant Marie Lanser Beck, Consulting Historian Laura Shick, Historian, National Conference of State Historic Preservation Officers Consultant Editor: Alexandra M. Lord, Ph.D., Branch Chief, National Historic Landmarks Program Produced by: The National Historic Landmarks Program Cultural Resources National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. -
Orders of Magnitude. a History of the NACA and NASA, 1915-1990. the NASA History Series
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 310 941 SE 050 888 AUTHOR Bilstein, Roger E. TITLE Orders of Magnitude. A History of the NACA and NASA, 1915-1990. The NASA History Series. INSTITUTION National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Washington, DC. Scientific and Technical ihrormation Branch. REPORT NO NASA-SP4406 PUB DATE 89 NOTE 171p.; Photographs may not reproduce well. AVAILABLE FROMSuperintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 ($6.00). PUB TYPE Books (010) -- Historical Materials (060) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC07 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Aerospace Technology; *Satellites (Aerospace); Science and Society; *Science History; *Science Laterials; *Scientific Personnel; Scientific Research; *Space Exploration; Space Sciences IDENTIFIERS *National Aeronautics and Space Administration ABSTRACT This is a history of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) and its successor agency the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Main chapters included are: (1) "NACA Origins (1915-1930)"; (2) "New Facilities, New Designs (1930-1945)"; (3) "Going Supersonic (1945-1958)"; (4) "On the Fringes of Space (1958-1964)"; (5) "Tortoise Becomes Fare (1964-1969)" (including the landing on the moon); (6) "Aerospace Dividends (1969-1973)" (describing the era in which many science programs were cut after the Apollo mission); (7) "On the Eve of Shuttle (1973-1980)"; (8) "Aerospace Flights (1980-1986)"; (9) "New Directions (since 1986)" (describing the area of astronautics, aeronautics and spinoff); and (10) "Summary." An appendix contains a bibliographic essay related to the history of NACA and NASA. (YP) *le*************X******************t********************************A*** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** Ordersof Magnitude A Historyofthe NACA and NASA, 1915-1990 3 NASA SP-4406 Orders of Magnitude A Historyofthe NACA and NASA, 1915-1990 by Roger E. -
A Kind of Boundary Layer ‘Flutter’,” Alluding to the Problems of Wing “Flutter.” 7
A Kind of Boundary-Layer ‘Flutter’: The Turbulent History of a Fluid Mechanical Instability Michael Eckert Abstract: The transition from laminar to turbulent flow has been a notorious riddle in fluid dynamics since the nineteenth century. Hydrodynamic instabilities were regarded as a cause for the onset of turbulence, but their theoretical investigation led to paradoxical results. I focus on studies about the instability of laminar boundary-layer flow along a flat plate. The experimental discovery of boundary-layer oscillations (“Tollmien-Schlichting waves”) in the USA during World War II vindicated a long-disputed theory developed in Germany in the 1920s and ’30s. However, the instability which causes these oscillations marks only the initial phase of the onset of turbulence; higher-order instabilities had to be assumed in order to extend the analysis to the regions of the transition zone where more complex phenomena (such as “turbulent spots”) mark the onset of turbulence. There is still no theory to describe these processes in a satisfactory manner. The emphasis on the fundamental character of the problem, however, tends to obscure the practical interests which motivated the study of boundary-layer instabilities throughout its long history. The disputed theories played a role in the quest for “laminar airfoils” and other practical applications. Theory and practice are entangled more intimately than it would appear from the rhetoric about the fundamental character of the “turbulence problem”. Hydrodynamic stability has been a major concern in fluid mechanics since nineteenth-century physicists like Hermann Helmholtz, William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), John William Strutt (Lord Rayleigh), and others exposed some of the difficulties involved for a theoretical description (Darrigol 2005: chap. -
NASA's Contributions to Aircraft Propulsion
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20180003207 2019-08-29T18:14:05+00:00Z The Power Power The forFlight NASA’s Contributions to Aircraft Propulsion for for Flight Jeremy R. Kinney ThePower for NASA’s Contributions to Aircraft Propulsion Flight Jeremy R. Kinney Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Kinney, Jeremy R., author. Title: The power for flight : NASA’s contributions to aircraft propulsion / Jeremy R. Kinney. Description: Washington, DC : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, [2017] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017027182 (print) | LCCN 2017028761 (ebook) | ISBN 9781626830387 (Epub) | ISBN 9781626830370 (hardcover) ) | ISBN 9781626830394 (softcover) Subjects: LCSH: United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration– Research–History. | Airplanes–Jet propulsion–Research–United States– History. | Airplanes–Motors–Research–United States–History. Classification: LCC TL521.312 (ebook) | LCC TL521.312 .K47 2017 (print) | DDC 629.134/35072073–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017027182 Copyright © 2017 by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The opinions expressed in this volume are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official positions of the United States Government or of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This publication is available as a free download at http://www.nasa.gov/ebooks National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, DC Table of Contents Dedication v Acknowledgments vi Foreword vii Chapter 1: The NACA and Aircraft Propulsion, 1915–1958.................................1 Chapter 2: NASA Gets to Work, 1958–1975 ..................................................... 49 Chapter 3: The Shift Toward Commercial Aviation, 1966–1975 ...................... 73 Chapter 4: The Quest for Propulsive Efficiency, 1976–1989 ......................... 103 Chapter 5: Propulsion Control Enters the Computer Era, 1976–1998 .......... -
Orders of Magnitude: a History of the NACA and NASA, 1915-1990
Orders of Magnitude: A History of the NACA and NASA, 1915-1990 The NASA History Series NASA SP-4406 http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4406/cover.html (1 of 2) [3/16/2001 11:59:45 AM] Orders of Magnitude: A History of the NACA and NASA, 1915-1990 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Office of Management Scientific and Technical Information Division Washington, DC Published 1989 Updated Nov 10, 1999 By John Henry Roger D. Launius, NASA Chief Historian Steve Garber, NASA History Web Curator For further information E-mail [email protected] http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4406/cover.html (2 of 2) [3/16/2001 11:59:45 AM] Orders of Magnitude, Table of Contents NASA SP-4406 Orders of Magnitude A History of the NACA and NASA, 1915-1990 by Roger E. Bilstein The NASA History Series National Aeronautics and Space Administration Office of Management Scientific and Technical Information Division Washington, DC 1989 Table of Contents ● Foreword ● Preface ● Chapter 1: NACA Origins (1915-1930) ● Chapter 2: New Facilities, New Designs (1930-1945) ● Chapter 3: Going Supersonic (1945-1958) ● Chapter 4: On the Fringes of Space (1958-1964) ● Chapter 5: Tortoise Becomes Hare (1964-1969) ● Chapter 6: Aerospace Dividends (1969-1973) ● Chapter 7: On the Eve of the Shuttle (1973-1980) ● Chapter 8: Aerospace Flights (1980-1986) http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4406/contents.html (1 of 2) [3/16/2001 12:00:07 PM] Orders of Magnitude, Table of Contents ● Chapter 9: New Directions (Since 1986) ● Summary ● Bibliographic Essay For Additional Information Contact Roger D.