TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION...... 3

STATE LAW ...... 3

PURPOSE ...... 3

EXISTING PLANS ...... 3

VISION ...... 3

II. BRIEF HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY ...... 3

III. HISTORIC SITES ...... 4

TABLE 1 - CLARK COUNTY HISTORIC DESIGNATION...... 4

TABLE 2 - NATIONAL AND STATE REGISTER...... 5

TABLE 3 - HISTORICAL MARKERS ...... 8

IV. ANALYSIS ...... 9

BENEFITS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION ...... 9

HISTORIC RESOURCES DOCUMENTATION ...... 9

PUBLIC SECTOR RESPONSIBILITIES ...... 9

V. GOALS AND POLICIES ...... 10

VI. REFERENCES ...... 11

IMAGE CREDITS ...... 11

I. INTRODUCTION

Historic Preservation creates a unique opportunity to showcase the cultural heritage of an area. By preserving and celebrating historic resources, a community can strengthen neighborhoods, encourage local economic growth, and conserve natural resources. In addition, preserving and protecting character-rich older buildings and structures can substantially contribute to vibrant and livable communities (Frey and Bowdon, 2012). STATE LAW

The required elements of a Comprehensive Master Plan are defined in NRS 278.160. The Historic Preservation Element is one of the eight required elements of a Comprehensive Master Plan. PURPOSE

The Clark County Historic Preservation Element is a policy document that provides guidance for the protection of cultural resources located in the unincorporated areas of Clark County. By providing information about the history of Clark County; listing existing sites with historic designation at the county, state, and national level; and analyzing local historic preservation efforts, Clark County can create goals and policies for protection and reuse of cultural resources. This document builds upon the historic preservation policies that were adopted by Clark County in August 2008. In addition, this document provides background information for the Historic Neighborhood Overlay and Historic Designation standards that are incorporated in the Unified Development Code (Title 30). EXISTING PLANS

The following is a list of existing documents that help guide the County’s historic preservation efforts:

• Housing Element; • Land Use Element; • Public Facilities and Services Element; and • Southern Nevada Strong (SNS) Regional Plan. VISION

Clark County encourages programs and policies designed to maintain historical, cultural, and archaeological resources through their preservation or adaptive reuse in order to enhance intellectual and social experiences within Clark County.

II. BRIEF HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY

Whereas the pre-recorded historic period dates back at least 10,000 years before present with the Southern Paiute (Nuwuvi) and other indigenous groups located in present-day Clark County, recorded history began in the mid-1800’s, and Clark County was officially created on July 1, 1909. Many periods of use, exploration, and settlement led to Clark County as we know it today (Kensler, 1982; Lyneis, et. al., 1978).

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Prior to the 1800’s, the area was the exclusive home of indigenous people such as the Anasazi, Puebloan, and Southern Paiute (Nuwuvi) who traversed the region in nomadic tribes. Beginning in the early 1800’s, explorers, fur trappers, and miners started to establish more permanent settlements in the area, and an eventual railroad line connecting to Los Angeles lead to the establishment of the official Townsite. Starting in 1931 when the Nevada State Legislature legalized gambling, Clark County began the evolution into a gaming, tourism, and entertainment metropolis.

III. HISTORIC SITES

The following tables include historically designated sites in unincorporated Clark County. Table 1 includes sites that have received historic designation by Clark County through the process outlined in Title 30. Table 2 includes sites that are on either the National Register of Historic Places or the Nevada State Register of Historic Places or both (National Register of Historic Places – Nevada, 2017; Nevada State Register of Historic Places – Listed Properties, 2015). The Nevada State Register Program Guidelines are available through the Nevada State Historic Preservation Office, and information about the National Register of Historic Places Program is available through the , U.S. Department of the Interior. Table 3 in this section provides information about the State of Nevada roadside historical markers located in unincorporated Clark County, and additional information about this program can be found through the Nevada State Historic Preservation Office.

Per the Nevada State Historic Preservation Office, “[c]ertain sites listed below have been determined as archaeologically or culturally sensitive and their locations are confidential as a condition of the Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979. Collecting artifacts from public land without a permit from the managing agency is looting, and is a felony under federal law [43 CFR 7] and a misdemeanor under state law [NRS 383.435]. Looting destroys the ability of archaeologists to research these important places and robs future generations of the opportunity to keep learning about Nevada’s past. Please help us preserve important archaeological sites by leaving artifacts where you found them and reporting looting to the appropriate law enforcement officials.”

Table 1

CLARK COUNTY HISTORIC DESIGNATION

Application # Resource Name Location Town Image Generally located on the south side of Desert Inn Road, the east side of Oneida Way, the ZC-0883-16 Neighborhood Paradise north and south sides of Commanche Drive, (Phase 1) and the east and west side of Seneca Drive

Liberace UC-0849-15 4982 Shirley St. Paradise Mansion

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Table 2

NATIONAL AND NEVADA STATE REGISTERS

National Nevada State Register of Register of Historic Historic Resource Name Location Town Image Places Places (NRIS #) (SR #)

78001720 & Sloan Petroglyph 810050 Address restricted N/A 02000114 Site

LDS Moapa Stake 02000819 020120 161 W. Virginia St. Overton Office Building

Overton N. West Thomas St. W of 92000118 010115 Overton Gymnasium JCT with S. Anderson St.

St. Thomas Magnasite Rd. off Moapa 04001529 040134 Memorial Overton Valley Blvd. Cemetery Las Vegas Blvd. S., in Welcome to public right of way, 09000284 130149 Fabulous Las approx. 0.5 mi. S. of Paradise Vegas Sign intersection with Russell Rd.

Hunt, Parley, Canal St. near jct. with 91001652 N/A Bunkerville House Virgin St.

Leavitt, Thomas, 91001653 N/A 160 S. First West St. Bunkerville House

Goodsprings San Pedro Ave. E of jct. 92000121 N/A Goodsprings Schoolhouse with Esmeralda St.

Tim Springs Indian (Image not 74001142 N/A Address restricted Petroglyphs Springs available) Brownstone Canyon 82003212 N/A Address restricted N/A Archeological District

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NATIONAL AND NEVADA STATE REGISTERS

National Nevada State Register of Register of Historic Historic Resource Name Location Town Image Places Places (NRIS #) (SR #) NV 156, approximately 50 mi. NW of Las Vegas, Mt 96001561 N/A Spring Mountains Charleston National Recreation Area

Corn Creek 75001105 N/A Address restricted Corn Creek Campsite

10000443 N/A Address restricted N/A

About 20 mi. N of Las Hidden Forest 75001106 N/A Vegas on Hidden Forest N/A Cabin Rd.

Little Church of 92001161 N/A 3960 Las Vegas Blvd. S. Paradise the West

Mormon Well N of Las Vegas on 74001143 N/A N/A Spring Mormon Spring

S of Las Vegas off I-15 Mountain 74001144 N/A Potosi near Potosi Pass Springs

76001141 N/A 20 mi. SW of Las Vegas N/A

Sheep Mountain Range About 20 mi. N of 74001145 N/A N/A Archeological Las Vegas District Spanish Trail, From California border to Old,--Mormon Arizona across southern 01000863 N/A N/A Road Historic Nevada, through Las District Vegas

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NATIONAL AND NEVADA STATE REGISTERS

National Nevada State Register of Register of Historic Historic Resource Name Location Town Image Places Places (NRIS #) (SR #) Grapevine Canyon Petroglyphs 84000799 N/A Address restricted Laughlin (AZ:F:14:98 ASM)

99001083 N/A Address restricted Laughlin

Spanish Trail, Old,--Mormon Near jct. of I 15 & NV 08000229 N/A Road Historic Moapa 169 District (Boundary Increase)

B-29 Serial No. National 11000212 N/A 45-21847 (Heavy Overton Recreation Area Bomber)

Boulder Dam Park Museum (now 96000126 N/A NV 169, W Side Overton Museum)

Pueblo Grande de 82000612 N/A SE of Overton Overton Nevada

85001601 N/A Address restricted Searchlight

Walking Box 08001392 N/A 6333 W NV 164 Searchlight Ranch

Logandale State Highway 169 and N/A 990104 Elementary Logandale West Gann Road School

N/A 070147 Pioneer Saloon 310 Spring Street Goodsprings

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The State of Nevada established a roadside Historical Marker Program in 1967, which recognizes Nevada’s heritage. The following historical markers are located along various roadways in unincorporated Clark County (Nevada’s State Historical Markers).

Table 3

HISTORICAL MARKERS

Marker Name Roadway Number 33 The Old Spanish Trail 1829-1850 Village Blvd 34 The Old Spanish Trail 1829-1850 Nevada State Rd 160 36 Moapa Valley N Moapa Valley Blvd 37 Powell of the Colorado Echo Bay Rd 41 Grande De Nevada S Moapa Valley Blvd 102 Goodsprings W Spring St 104 The Camel Corps Laughlin Hwy 115 Potosi Nevada State Rd 160 116 Searchlight Veterans Memorial Hwy 139 Old Spanish Trail (The Journey of Death) Valley of Fire Hwy 140 The Garces Expedition Needles Hwy 142 Old Spanish Trail (Mountain Springs Pass) Nevada State Rd 160 150 Nevada’s First State Park Mouse’s Tank Rd 168 Arrowhead Trail Valley of Fire Hwy 195 The Last Spike Las Vegas Blvd S 214 Rafael Rivera S Mountain Vista St 103 Gypsum Cave (no marker present) Pabco Rd 188 Von Schmidt State Boundary Mon Needles Hwy

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IV. ANALYSIS

This section provides an overview of key components that will help Clark County realize the benefits of historic preservation. By providing community leadership through the preservation of resources and promoting education and outreach, Clark County will be able to leverage the benefits of historic preservation. BENEFITS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION

By retaining local identity, historic preservation can benefit communities and strengthen civic pride. Historic preservation can also contribute to the economic development and vitality of a community by promoting local and regional businesses, and it can encourage tourism related to historic resources (White, 1994). In addition, historic preservation can help maintain existing housing that was built in sustainable development patterns that are typically dense and walkable. For example, historic houses are usually in close proximity to shopping, schools, public services like libraries, and often do not require new infrastructure (Rypkema, 2002). Evidence of the benefits of historic designation in Clark County include the recognition of a portion of the Paradise Palms mid-century modern neighborhood and the Liberace Mansion, both of which are located in dense urban areas with ample connectivity to surrounding amenities.

HISTORIC RESOURCES DOCUMENTATION

A historic resources survey would establish a process to ensure that all potential historic landmarks and all potential historic districts are eventually considered for designation. A survey is the method for identifying and gathering data about a community’s historic resources (White, 1994). However, based on the age of the built environment in Clark County and the nascent local efforts towards historic preservation, an informal documentation of potential historic resources would be most appropriate at this time. Clark County staff can utilize aerial imagery to gain a general understanding of Clark County’s layout and historic development pattern. In addition, County staff could consider the impacts to historical resources listed in this document when processing land use entitlement applications and prioritize preservation efforts for the most significant or most endangered resources. PUBLIC SECTOR RESPONSIBILITIES

Municipal facilities such as County buildings, libraries, museums, and parks can be some of the most important historic resources in a community (White, 1994). Therefore, preserving and rehabilitating publicly owned cultural resources is an important aspect of historic preservation. Per NRS 383.121, all departments, commissions, boards and other agencies of the State and its political subdivisions shall cooperate with the Nevada State Historic Preservation Office in order to salvage or preserve historic, prehistoric, or paleo-environmental evidence located on property owned or controlled by the , the State of Nevada or its political subdivisions. Therefore, continuing to preserve and rehabilitate historic resources controlled by the County complies with state law and has the added benefit of demonstrating leadership to the community about the priority of protecting our heritage.

While state law requires protection and intergovernmental cooperation for County owned historic resources, Clark County also encourages residents to nominate private properties to receive historic designation through the Title 30 process. A portion of the Paradise Palms neighborhood and the Liberace Mansion have already received historic designation through this process.

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V. GOALS AND POLICIES

Goal 1 Encourage community efforts in Clark County that promote the identification and protection of historic resources and programs in Clark County, including recognition of sites on the State and National registers, as well as those designated by the County.

Policy 1 Keep historically designated areas intact and preserve the distinctive historic, economic, cultural, paleontological, or archeological character of appropriate residential neighborhoods.

Policy 2 Encourage adaptive reuse of historic buildings, whenever feasible.

Policy 3 Ensure that all County owned historic facilities are not jeopardized by development projects, such as but not limited to facility expansions, remodels, or infrastructure improvements.

Goal 2 Promote cooperation between agencies and non-profit organizations to promote cultural resource protection.

Policy 1 Explore opportunities for collaboration between Clark County, State, and local historic preservation non- profit organizations.

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VI. REFERENCES

Frey, Patricia and Rachel Bowdon. “Historic Preservation: Expanding the Planner’s Toolbox.” American Planning Association, PAS Memo. ISSN 2169-1908, 2012.

Kensler, Charles D. “Survey of Historic Structures: Southern Nevada and Death Valley.” URS/John A. Blume & Associates, Engineers, 1982, pp. 571.

Lyneis, Margaret M., Jeanne Clark, Richard McCarty and Tara Shepperson. “ Prehistory.” Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Report 4-1-4, 1978, pp. 12-19.

National Register of Historic Places – Nevada. Nevada State Historic Preservation Office. 29 Nov. 2017. shpo.nv.gov/uploads/documents/Nevada_State_Register_of_Historic_Places_-_Listed_Properties.pdf

Nevada’s State Historical Markers. Nevada State Historic Preservation Office. shpo.nv.gov/nevadas-historical- markers/historical-markers

Nevada State Register of Historic Places – Listed Properties. Nevada State Historic Preservation Office. 14 Sep. 2015. shpo.nv.gov/uploads/documents/Nevada_State_Register_of_Historic_Places_-_Listed_Properties.pdf

Rypkema, Donovan D. “Historic Preservation and Affordable Housing: The Missed Connection.” National Trust for Historic Preservation, 2002, pp. 22.

Timeline of Clark County History – People and Events, A Century of Service Centennial, Clark County, www.clarkcountynv.gov/parks/Documents/centennial/history-timeline.pdf

U.S. Territorial Period, New Mexico History.org, newmexicohistory.org/historical-events-and-timeline/us-territorial

White, Bradford J., and Richard J. Roddewig. “Preparing a Historic Preservation Plan.” American Planning Association, 1994, pp. 58.

IMAGE CREDITS

Boone, Jim. “.” Mormon Well Corral and Spring. Birdandhike.com. 23 Dec. 2017. www.birdandhike.com/Hike/DNWR/Mormon_Well/_Mormon_Well.htm

Bureau of Land Management. “Petroglyphs in Sloan Canyon.” National Register of Historic Places listings in Clark County, Nevada. Wikipedia. 29 Mar. 2009. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SloanCynPetro.jpg

Cheesyfer. “ – front view.” National Register of Historic Places listings in Clark County, Nevada. Wikipedia. 26 Sep. 2014. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thomas_Leavitt_House_- _front_view.JPG

Clark County, Nevada. “Camp Lee Canyon – Camp Cabins.” Department of Parks and Recreation. www.clarkcountynv.gov/parks/PublishingImages/Locations/camp-lee/facilities/Cabbins-2.jpg

Expression of Life. “Grass and log reflecting in Corn Creek, Nevada.” National Register of Historic Places listings in Clark County, Nevada. Wikipedia. 13 May 2009. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corn_Creek.jpg

Google, Inc. “3000 N Moapa Valley Blvd.” Logandale Elementary School. Google Maps. Jun 2013. goo.gl/maps/DAFPMjas4Pu

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Hainer, Bryan. “Caddyshack.” Why is Paradise Palms the Hottest Neighborhood in Las Vegas? DTLV. 5 Feb. 2015. dtlv.com/2015/02/05/why-is-paradise-palms-the-hottest-neighborhood-in-las-vegas/

Las Vegas Review-Journal File. “Liberace’s Mansion at 4982 Shirley Street.” Liberace Mansion to host Puttin’ on the Glitz fundraiser – PHOTOS. 20 Sep. 2016. www.reviewjournal.com/homes/real-estate-millions/liberace- mansion-to-host-puttin-on-the-glitz-fundraiser-photos/

Laughlin, Nevada. “Christmas Tree Pass Grapevine Canyon.” Christmas Tree Pass, Grapevine Canyon and Spirit Mountain. Visitlaughlin.com. Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority. 23 Jan. 2018. www.visitlaughlin.com/listing/christmas-tree-pass-grapevine-canyon-and-spirit-mountain/14176/

Lodge, Spencer. “Hidden Forest cabin is seen in May.” Deborah Wall: Hidden Forest trail gets cooler as you go. Las Vegas Review Journal. 8 Aug. 2017. www.reviewjournal.com/local/local-columns/deborah-wall/deborah-wall- hidden-forest-trail-gets-cooler-as-you-go/

Lodge, Spencer. “Roasting Pit in the Sheep Mountain Range Archeological District.” U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

Moore, Larry D. “Little Church of the West.” National Register of Historic Places listings in Clark County, Nevada. Wikipedia. 15 Aug. 2007. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Little_church_of_the_west_2007.jpg

National Park Service. “Old Spanish Trail Segment, Nevada.” Historic Sites, Old Spanish National Historic Trail. 23 Jan. 2018. www.nps.gov/npgallery/GetAsset/BDF1D246-155D-451F-6707572361178813?

National Park Service Inventory. “Homestake Mine shafts near Searchlight, Nevada.” National Register of Historic Places listings in Clark County, Nevada. Wikipedia. 27 Nov. 2008. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Homestake_Nevada_mine_shafts.JPG#file

National Register of Historic Places. “NV Clark County Aerial.”

Nevada State Historic Preservation Office. “Brownstone Canyon Pictographs.” 10 Feb. 2016.

Nevada State Historic Preservation Office. “St. Thomas Cemetery.” 4 Jun. 2018.

Nevada State Historic Preservation Office. “Sandstone Ranch.” 20 Oct. 2017.

Pioneer Saloon. “Pioneer Saloon.” Welcome to the Pioneer Saloon!” 2007. www.pioneersaloon.info

Seymour, Brett. “The last remaining engine.” National Marine Sanctuaries, Lake Mead, B-29. National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration. 31 Jul. 2017. sanctuaries.noaa.gov/maritime/expeditions/b29.html

Shebs, Stan. “Ruins at Potosi Spring, on the west side of Potosi Mountain, Spring Mountains, southern Nevada.” National Register of Historic Places listings in Clark County, Nevada. Wikipedia. 17 May 2008. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Potosi_Spring_3.jpg

Shebs, Stan. “Spirit Mountain from the west, Newberry Mountains, southern Nevada.” National Register of Historic Places listings in Clark County, Nevada. Wikipedia. 8 Oct. 2006. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spirit_Mountain_from_west_1.jpg

Tadam. “Reconstructed Anasazi in in Overton, Nevada, USA.” National Register of Historic Places listings in Clark County, Nevada. Wikipedia. 15 Sep. 2008. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anasazi_pueblo_overton.jpg

UNLV Special Collections. “A photograph of an unidentified person sitting in the “Lost City” , which is located near Overton, Nevada, circa 1930s-40s.” Pueblo Grande de Nevada: Lost City. One Clark County Historic Preservation Element 2019 Page 11

Online Nevada Encyclopedia, a publication of Nevada Humanities. 5 Oct. 2010. www.onlinenevada.org/articles/pueblo-grande-de-nevada-lost-city

Verduzco, Erik. “The view from inside the Gypsum Cave in Las Vegas.” Fossil from Nevada cave spurs discovery of extinct horse. Las Vegas Review-Journal. 19 Dec. 2017. www.reviewjournal.com/news/science-and- technology/fossil-from-nevada-cave-spurs-discovery-of-extinct-horse/

Virgin Valley Heritage Museum. “Susan Hunt Home in Bunkerville.” Virgin Valley Heritage Museum. City of Mesquite, Nevada. 1988.323.0033. 13 May 2005. mesquitenv.pastperfectonline.com/photo/08167429-32AE- 4216-A5EE-267844124949

We See Utah. “Rutted remnant of the Spanish Trail on Mormon Mesa, near Mesquite.” Following the Old Spanish Trail in Nevada. Las Vegas to Zion Road Blog. 27 Feb. 2006. lvtz.blogspot.com/2006/02/following-old- spanish-trail-in-nevada.html

Ymblanter. “Goodsprings Schoolhouse, Goodsprings, Nevada.” National Register of Historic Places listings in Clark County, Nevada. Wikipedia. 17 Mar. 2012. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Goodsprings_Schoolhouse.jpg

Ymblanter. “LDS Moapa Stake Office Building, Overton, Nevada.” National Register of Historic Places listings in Clark County, Nevada. Wikipedia. 18 Mar. 2012. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:LDS_Moapa_Stake_Office_Building.jpg

Ymblanter. “Overton Gymnasium.” National Register of Historic Places listings in Clark County, Nevada. Wikipedia. 18 Mar. 2012. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Overton_Gymnasium.jpg

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